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Makerere University and Ministry of Public Service Study Reveals Impact of Salary Enhancement on Teacher Performance in Uganda

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Mak-RIF funded research highlights disparities between science and arts teachers and their implications for Uganda’s education system.

A collaborative study by Makerere University and the Ministry of Public Service has shed new light on how salary enhancement affects the performance of secondary school teachers in Uganda. The study, titled “Impact of Salary Enhancement on the Performance of Secondary School Teachers in Uganda,” was funded by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF).

The research was prompted by the Government’s 2018 pay policy that significantly increased salaries for science teachers, while arts teachers remained at a lower rate. By 2022, science teachers had achieved 77% of the approved pay target, while that of arts teachers remained at 12%.

Researchers, led by Makerere University’s Dr. Cyprian Misinde, have noted that these disparities have far-reaching implications on the quality of education, the National Development Plan (NDP III Goal 5: Human Capital Development), the emerging NDP IV framework, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).

Assessing the Effects of Pay Enhancement

The study set out to assess the impact of salary enhancement on teacher performance, focusing on motivation, retention, student outcomes, and perceptions of both science and arts teachers.

Using a mixed methods approach, researchers collected data from 1,352 secondary school teachers (617 science and 735 arts teachers) across 14 sub-regions. Additionally, 28 key informant interviews were conducted with head teachers, alongside 28 focus group discussions (FGDs) with students.

Key Findings: A Divided Teaching Workforce

The findings paint a stark contrast between science and arts teachers:

Science teachers reported high motivation (80.5%), strong perceived performance (76.5%), greater retention intent (39.1% planning to stay until retirement), improved student outcomes (64.5%), and enhanced morale (80.5%). Arts teachers, however, experienced lower motivation (25.5%), reduced performance (17.8%), lower retention (27.5%), weaker student outcomes (15.2%), and diminished morale (26.6%).

Across the board, 85.3% of all teachers agreed that higher salaries improve retention, reaffirming that pay remains a critical driver of teacher performance and commitment.

“While the pay policy has strengthened science education, it has unintentionally widened disparities that could undermine equity and holistic quality education in Uganda,” the report reads in part.

The study also found that salary enhancement alone was not accompanied by proportional investments in other key performance enablers such as school infrastructure, teaching materials, and instructional resources which are equally vital for improved educational outcomes.

Policy Implications and Recommendations

The report cautions that prolonged disparities could lead to growing division between science and arts teachers, teacher demotivation, workforce instability, and uneven student performance, potentially hindering NDP IV’s goal of sustainable human capital growth.

The researchers called for a review of the implementation modalities of the pay policy to minimize salary disparities between science and arts teachers, thereby promoting balance, morale, and fairness across disciplines.

While the emphasis on science aligns with NDP III’s focus on STEM and human capital development, neglecting the arts undermines the holistic learning. Researchers called for an urgent need for balanced reforms to align with NDP IV and SDGs 4&10. 

Leaders Weigh In

Speaking at the dissemination of the study, the Minister for Public Service, Hon. Wilson Muruli Mukasa, reaffirmed Government’s commitment to improving teachers’ welfare.

“The Government approved a public pay policy which includes progressive salary enhancement for secondary school teachers, particularly those teaching science subjects,” said Hon. Mukasa. “By FY2025/26, UGX 2.5 trillion has been committed to salary enhancements. However, even among teachers whose salaries were enhanced, some are applying for early retirement and their motivation to teach has declined. This study was hence commissioned to understand the immediate and future impact of this pay reform,” he added.

Hon. Mukasa further noted that the Ministry of Public Service sought technical support from a Mak-RIF–funded project to better appreciate the impact of salary enhancement and to guide future pay reforms.

The State Minister for Gender and Cultural Affairs, Hon. Peace Mutuuzo, echoed similar concerns, urging stakeholders to reflect on the challenges within the education sector and prioritize strategies that ensure equity and sustainability.

Strengthening Collaboration Between Makerere University and Government

The study is one of the first results of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed in January 2024 between Makerere University and the Ministry of Public Service.

According to  Prof. Robert Wamala, a member of the Mak-RIF Grants Management Committee, the partnership is a strategy to strengthen evidence-based policy and governance.

“The MoU between Makerere University and the Ministry of Public Service is collaborative journey which forges a stronger bond between academia and Government for the greater good of society,” said Prof. Wamala.

Through the MoU, Makerere University and the Ministry of Public Service have committed to joint research projects, policy-oriented studies, data management and dissemination, capacity building, curriculum development, and monitoring and evaluation of collaborative initiatives.

Author: Winnie Kyamulabi is the Communications Officer, Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF)

Winnie Kyamulabi
Winnie Kyamulabi

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Makerere Strengthens Research Ethics as Leaders Call for Reforms in Governance, Integrity, and Student Support

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High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Moses Lutaaya

KAMPALA — Leaders at Makerere University have renewed calls to strengthen research ethics, governance, and integrity systems, as the institution positions itself as a leading research-driven university in Uganda and the region.

The call was made during a high-level workshop that brought together regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees, with a shared focus on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight.

Dr. Fredrick Nakwagala, Chairperson of the Accreditation Committee at the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, commended Makerere for hosting nearly a quarter of Uganda’s approximately 40 accredited research ethics committees. He described this as a strong indicator of the university’s leadership in scientific research and training.

Dr. Fredrick Nakwagala. High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Fredrick Nakwagala.

He noted that Uganda has made significant progress in building local capacity for research, moving away from reliance on foreign expertise. However, he raised concerns about gaps in institutional governance across the country, including weak research funding structures and limited administrative support in some institutions.

Dr. Nakwagala emphasized the need for standardization across ethics committees, expansion of ethical frameworks into emerging fields such as gene editing and environmental research, and stronger institutional mechanisms to address research integrity issues such as plagiarism, misuse of funds, and exploitation of students.

Echoing these sentiments, Prof. Edward Bbaale, Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences, stressed that ethical review is central to credible and impactful research. He warned that fragmented systems lead to delays and inconsistencies, calling for harmonization and collaboration among research ethics committees.

Prof. Edward Bbaale (Standing) makes his remarks. High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale (Standing) makes his remarks.

Prof. Bbaale also highlighted the need for efficient and responsive review processes, continuous training in emerging research areas such as artificial intelligence and climate studies, and stronger compliance systems to meet national and international standards.

On his part, Prof. Robert Wamala, Director of the Directorate of Research Innovations and Partnerships, underscored the importance of research integrity, noting that excellence must be measured not only by output but also by ethical rigor and societal relevance.

Prof. Robert Wamala. High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Robert Wamala.

He said the workshop aimed to strengthen coordination among research ethics committees, align university systems with national requirements, and enhance institutional governance through clearer guidelines, capacity building, and collaboration with regulators.

However, concerns about the impact of current systems on students were raised by Prof. Julius Kikooma, Director of Graduate Training. He revealed that many graduate students face delays in receiving feedback from ethics committees, which affects their academic progress.

Prof. Julius Kikooma. High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Julius Kikooma.

Prof. Kikooma also pointed to complaints about the cost of ethics review, noting that most graduate students are self-funded and struggle to meet the required fees. He cited the example of the University of Ghana, where ethics review fees for graduate students have been waived, suggesting Uganda could consider similar reforms.

Participants at the workshop agreed that while ethical oversight remains essential for safeguarding research participants and ensuring quality, there is an urgent need to make systems more efficient, accessible, and supportive—particularly for early-career researchers.

Some of the stakeholders pose for a group photo. High-level workshop of regulators, academic leaders, and research ethics committees focused on improving coordination, efficiency, and accountability in research oversight, 19th March 2026, Conference Room, School of Business, CoBAMS, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the stakeholders pose for a group photo.

The engagement concluded with a shared commitment to strengthen ethical standards, improve research governance, and reinforce Makerere University’s position as a hub for credible, impactful, and globally competitive research.

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Consolidating Early Career Academics Programme (CECAP II) Fellows Hold Progress Reporting Workshop

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The Directorate of Research, Innovations and Partnerships (DRIP) successfully hosted the Consolidating Early Career Academics Programme (CECAP II) Fellows’ Progress Reporting Workshop on 19th March 2026 at the Conference Room, Level 4, Senate Building. CECAP II programme is supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

The workshop brought together fellows, coordinators, and key stakeholders to review progress, share experiences, and strengthen collaboration under the CECAP II programme.

The Project Coordinator, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring, mentorship, and knowledge sharing among early career academics.

Chairperson, Prof. Sarah Ssali

The highlight of the workshop was the presentation of progress reports by the fellows. Participants showcased the status of their research and academic development projects, demonstrating notable progress, innovation, and impact across diverse thematic areas.

Project Coordinator, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi

The presentations reflected dedication, improved research capacity, and a strong commitment to excellence. Participants engaged in constructive dialogue, exchanged insights, and provided feedback aimed at enhancing the quality and outcomes of ongoing projects.

Dr. Peter Babyenda, a CEPAC II fellow presenting his research.

The workshop concluded with closing remarks, with participants commending the high standard of presentations and the productive nature of the discussions.

Overall, the CECAP II Fellows’ Progress Reporting Workshop provided a valuable platform for reflection, peer learning, and strategic alignment, further reinforcing Makerere University’s commitment to advancing research excellence and nurturing early career academics in Uganda.

Dr. Rachel Ddungu Mugabi presenting her findings.

The workshop was attended by the Chairperson, Prof. Sarah Ssali, and led by the Principal Investigator Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi. The session was moderated by Charles Lwanga Mukasa and representatives from partner public universities, including Prof. Kwetegyeka (Kyambogo University), Prof. Batwala Vincent (MUST), Prof. Komakech Daniel (Gulu University), and Prof. Samson Rwehweire (Busitema University).

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Call for PhD Student Fellowships under H-DATA

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Call for PhD Student Fellowships under Harnessing Health Data Science capacity to strengthen evidence-based interventions, policy and response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Uganda (H-DATA) training grant, funded by the NIH through Fogarty International Center (Grant Number D43TW013056). A collaborative effort of multiple principal investigators from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa and University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Program overview

The Harnessing Health Data Science capacity to strengthen evidence-based interventions, policy and response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Uganda (H-DATA) is a training grant funded by the NIH through Fogarty International Center (Grant Number D43TW013056). This grant is a collaborative effort of multiple principal investigators from Makerere University, Uganda and University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Grant period: 2026/2030 | Principal Investigators: David Patrick Kateete; Charles Batte;   Joyce Nakatumba, Nabende;  Efstathios Gennatas Dimitrios

H-DATA seeks to recruit qualified Ugandans for full-time PhD training in Health Data Science registered at Makerere University.

Thematic areas

Candidates should propose research studies or concepts that apply health data science approaches (AI and Machine learning) to the following thematic themes:

  • HIV risk stratification
  • Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) comorbidities in HIV [Specifically Chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases / hypertension]
  • HIV treatment outcomes, adherence, and long-term ART trajectories
  • Non-Canonical HIV resistance mutations
  • Digital medicine and real-world HIV data
  • Health systems and policy analytics for HIV programs

Fellowship package

The PhD fellowship support is for up to three (3) years (full-time), subject to annual performance reviews and progress milestones. Successful scholars will be registered at Makerere University and may undertake sponsored didactic health data science methods training at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA, to receive additional skills development and mentorship in health data science research.

Application Information

ELIGIBILITY

Applicants should meet the following minimum requirements:

– Master’s degree in Computer Science, Statistics/Biostatistics, Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Epidemiology, Public Health, or another data-intensive discipline.
– Demonstrated interest and/or experience applying data science methods/technologies to health research or health systems.
– Strong quantitative or computational skills (e.g., programming, statistical analysis, machine learning, data management).
– Ugandan citizenship and commitment to advancing health data science in Africa.
– Ability to enroll in and complete full-time PhD training at Makerere University.

Note: Additional program- or department-specific admission requirements may apply.

Note: Proof of admission is not required at the time of application. However, preference will be given to applicants who have already secured admission to, or are currently registered in, a relevant PhD programme.
APPLICATION PACKAGE & SUBMISSION

Submit the following documents by email as a single application package:

– NIH Biosketch (maximum 4 pages) including relevant publications (if any).
– Cover letter (maximum 1 page).
– 2-page research concept note highlighting: research problem, specific aims, research design, and analysis plan.
– Academic transcripts and certificates for the relevant Master of Science (MSc) degree.
– Statement of purpose / motivational letter (maximum 800 words) for undertaking doctoral training in Health Data Science.
– Two letters of recommendation with up-to-date contact details from academic referees.

Email subject line (recommended): APPLICATION – Doctoral Scholarship – H-DATA PhD

File naming convention (recommended): LastName_FirstName_DocumentName (e.g., Batte_Charles_CV.pdf)

Application deadline: [February 28th 2026 by 5pm EAT]  

Program contact: [Dr Charles Batte at the address: hdatatraining@gmail.com]

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