Education
Makerere University Strengthens Management of Mental Health and Psychosocial challenges in Schools
Published
5 months agoon

By Ritah Namisango and Meeme Monica
On Saturday 21st March 2026, teachers, head-teachers and administrators convened at Makerere University to participate in the School Stakeholders’ Workshop aimed at strengthening their capacity to address students’ mental health and psychosocial challenges.
Hosted by the Centre for Teaching and Learning Support (CTLS) under the College of Education and External Studies (CEES), the School Stakeholders’ Workshop, brought onboard participants involved in the delivery of education services at the different levels; pre-primary, primary and secondary schools.
Some of the key stakeholders included representatives from the Ministry of Education and Sports, the Principal of the College of Education and External Studies-Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, the Keynote Speaker- Rev. Prof. Dr. Samuel Luboga, Chairperson of the Education Service Commission, the Association of Secondary School Head teachers in Uganda, and Dr. Henry Nsubuga, the Manager of Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre.
Mental Prevalence in Uganda
According to statistics, Uganda ranks among the top six countries in Africa with 14 million cases of mental disorders, including a depression rate of 4.6% and anxiety rate of 2.9% (Uganda Association of Psychiatrists 2025, WHO 2017).
Mental health issues in Schools
During the School Stakeholders’ Workshop, several participants revealed that a number of learners and teachers were grappling with mental health issues and psychosocial challenges. Citing the cases reported in the media, the participants noted that mental health issues, stress, depression and substance abuse were on the rise, and in some instances leading to suicide.

Drawing on findings from a recent study, Dr. Anne Ampaire, a Lecturer of Educational Psychology at Makerere University, revealed critical gaps in schools’ ability to respond to complex learner needs such as mental health, bullying, emotional instability, and psychosocial distress. She noted that while 68% of stakeholders reported having some form of training, it was largely limited to peer support and insufficient to address emerging challenges. Dr. Ampaire reported that major gaps were identified in the guidance and counselling (55%) and referral systems (15%).
Topics lined up to build the capacity of School Stakeholders
Informed by the research findings, Dr. Anne Ampaire, the Principal Investigator and her team, introduced the participants to the following topics:
- Overview of Learners’ Mental Health and Psychosocial Challenges -Dr. Anne Ampaire
- Mental Health Literacy and Self Care-Dr. Naomi Namanya
- Mental Health and Counselling: Lived Experiences in Schools-Dr. Henry Nsubuga
- School Community Referral and Support Systems-Bro. Dr. Augustine Mugabo
- Career Pathways and Self-management-Dr. Naomi Namanya
- Crisis and Anger Management-Dr. Anne Ampaire and Dr. Timothy Tebenkana
- Managing Bullying and School Based Violence-Dr. Wilber Karugahe
- Basic Psychosocial Support Services-Dr. Anne Ampaire

Timely intervention and Understanding Mental Health
The Principal. College of Education and External Studies, Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, commended Dr. Anne Ampaire, the Principal Investigator, Bro. Dr. Augustine Mugabo, Dr. Naomi Namanya, and Dr. Timothy Tebenkana for partnering with the Centre for Teaching and Learning Support headed by Dr. Dorothy Sebbowa Kyagaba, to organize the School Stakeholders’ Workshop.
The Principal observed that the School Stakeholders’ Workshop was a timely intervention, to empower participants with the required knowledge and skills to manage the mental health issues and psychosocial challenges affecting both the learners and teachers.
Prof. Mugagga disclosed that the problem of mental health was complex, affecting parents and guardians as well. He proposed that engagements on mental health and psychosocial management should bring on board parents and the families of the affected learners.
Prof. Mugagga explained that sometimes teachers, use verbal attacks or abusive statements, that affect the mental health of struggling learners. He mentioned that negative remarks from teachers, could be complicating the mental health challenges such learners could be dealing with both at the school and in the home setting.

To elaborate, Prof. Mugagga shared a personal account of one of his children, who had failed to get good grades because of abusive statements from a teacher. However, when they transferred the child to another school, the child excelled and was among the best students. In a discussion, the child revealed that they were able to excel because at the new school, the teachers were a source of encouragement and support. She pointed out that there is a particular teacher who always mentioned her name in class, an act that made her feel valued, alert, and inspired her to work hard.
Prof. Mugagga informed the participants that he used a personal story to illustrate how empathetic teachers and supportive school environments can transform learners’ outcomes.
Prof. Mugagga, a parent and teacher by profession, called upon the participants, to understand and appreciate that the learners are different, and appealed to teachers to use words that uplift the learners.
Enhancement of Counselling Structures
Expressing concern over the growing pressures faced by both teachers and learners, such as academic stress, depression, anxiety, and cases of suicide, the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), Prof. Sarah Ssali called upon school administrators and teachers to enhance the provision of counselling services by qualified personnel.
In a speech read by Prof. Mugagga, the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs) emphasized that Makerere University undertakes research in order to come up with strategies aimed at solving problems that affect communities and society in general. She therefore commended the College of Education and External Studies, the Centre for Teaching and Learning Support, and the School of Psychology, for developing the Psycho-Educational Model, that seeks to address challenges in schools.
Proactive and Sustainable School Mental Health Systems
Dr. Anne Ampaire, underscored the urgent need for schools to shift from reactive responses to proactive sustainable systems that safeguard learners’ mental health.
Dr. Ampaire emphasized that mental health challenges are systemic, affecting not only learners but also teachers and support staff. She called for a coordinated, holistic school approach involving both teaching and non-teaching staff, including matrons and security personnel.
She cautioned that without timely intervention, more learners risk dropping out or being exposed to harmful environments.
Mission of the Centre for Teaching and Learning Support (CTLS)
Reflecting on CTLS’ mission of promoting learner-centered teaching and supporting both professional development and community outreach, Dr. Dorothy Sebbowa Kyagaba, highlighted that the workshop provided a key platform for strengthening stakeholder competencies through a psycho-educational approach.

She emphasized the critical role of school stakeholders in providing counselling support, helping learners navigate depression, anger, and career-related challenges, while strengthening family-school-community partnerships.
Holistic Support Strategies to prevent Mental Health Challenges
In the keynote address, the Chairperson, Education Service Commission, Rev. Prof. Dr. Samuel Luboga, described learner mental health as a critical determinant of academic success and long-term well-being. He pointed to the complex challenges facing students today, including academic pressure, family instability, social media influence, substance abuse, and gender-based violence.
He urged educators to adopt the following strategies to mitigate the gap between learners and the administration, and to prevent mental health challenges:
- Spot Warning Signs – Watch out for withdrawal, irritability, absenteeism, and declining grades to identify struggling students early.
- Keep Communication Open – Regular check-ups and mentoring create safe spaces for students to share challenges and build resilience.
- Use Collaborative Support – Teams of teachers, counselors, and administrators provide comprehensive student support.
- Maintain Professional Boundaries – Uphold ethics and transparency while nurturing student development.
- Set Expectations and Model Success – High standards and mentorship inspire students to reach their potential.
- Celebrate Achievements and Involve Families – Recognize student success and engage families to reinforce motivation.
- Support Holistic Well-Being – Encourage physical activity and cater to diverse learning styles to help all students thrive.

He advised educators to commit themselves fully to their students’ development, recognizing that their role extends beyond instruction to shaping resilient, well-rounded, and successful individuals.
Structured Referral Systems and Learners’ Wellbeing
Dr. Augustine Mugabo, Co-Principal Investigator, emphasized that the well-being of the learner strengthens the entire education system.
“Increasing emotional distress, behavioral challenges, and school dropouts are often linked to unaddressed social and psychological issues rather than academic failure alone,” he noted.
Dr. Mugabo identified gaps such as limited counselling services, lack of referral training, and weak collaboration with professional support systems, advocating for a structured, multi-level referral model that connects schools with parents and mental health professionals.

Career Pathways and Self-Management
Dr. Naomi Namanya articulated that forcing students to study subjects that they do not like or are not in position to manage contributes to mental health challenges. Dr. Namanya explained that some teachers and parents dictate to learners on the choice of subjects and/or academic disciplines.
She urged teachers and parents to dialogue with learners on their interests, career aspirations and choices. “The learner has a very important role in the decision of his or her career path,” she said.
Making reference to the ongoing narrative of sciences versus humanities disciplines, some learners who desire to study courses within the humanities disciplines are being stressed.

In support of Dr. Namanya’s argument, Dr. Henry Nsubuga revealed to the participants, that some of the students undertaking subjects within the humanities and social sciences disciplines feel neglected and excluded. Some of them disclosed that during Career Days/Fairs or important academic briefings, the speakers focus on sciences, and at times, there is no expert to talk to them.
Compassionate Counselling, Listening and Mental Health Well being
Dr. Henry Nsubuga, the Director, Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre, highlighted that mental health remains a neglected aspect of well-being despite its central role in shaping behavior and outcomes.
“Many learners carry hidden trauma, which significantly affects their performance and emotional stability, he said, stressing the importance of listening and compassionate support.
He pointed out systemic challenges, including weak collaboration among stakeholders, lack of trust in counselling systems, and ethical concerns, calling for more supportive and inclusive school environments.

Managing Bullying and School-Based Violence
Dr. Wilber Karugahe, a Counselling Psychologist, highlighted various forms of violence, particularly psychological bullying and cyberbullying, which have severe long-term effects, including depression, substance abuse, and criminal behavior.
“No learner should be subjected to bullying. Therefore, schools and stakeholders should prioritize preventive strategies against this vice,” he said.
He advocated for prevention, early detection, and interventions such as Counselling and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Anger and Crisis Management
Dr. Anne Ampaire, explained that anger is a natural and normal human emotion experienced across all age groups, but becomes harmful when it is expressed in unhealthy or aggressive ways.
“Anger can range from mild irritation to extreme intensity, and if not properly managed, it can lead to serious consequences such as violence, self-harm, or suicide,” she noted.
She emphasized that individuals express anger differently through emotional, physical, and behavioral signs, often influenced by stress, lack of proper sleep, and mental exhaustion, particularly in highly demanding school environments.
She highlighted that even young children experience emotional struggles, stressing the importance of guiding emotional development from early childhood through activities such as storytelling and emotional expression, while adolescents require structured support due to hormonal and identity challenges.
She recommended practical strategies such as teaching emotional awareness, using calming techniques such as deep breathing and counting to ten, and creating safe spaces within schools for both learners and teachers to manage stress. She advocated for better preparedness through holistic approaches that include proper rest, nutrition, physical activity, and reduced reliance on medication.

She urged schools to strengthen crisis preparedness systems, train staff effectively, and promote collaboration among educators, parents, and professionals to support emotional well-being and safe learning environments.
Way forward
During the discussion segment moderated by Dr. Timothy Tebenkana, participants emphasized the influence of home environments on learner well-being and called for stronger parental involvement. They highlighted the need for empathy, listening, discipline, improved handling of sensitive cases, and addressing systemic challenges such as academic bias and unhealthy competition among learners.

The workshop reaffirmed the importance of collaborative, structured, and proactive approaches to mental health in schools. Participants were encouraged to apply the knowledge gained to strengthen support systems within their institutions and contribute to creating safer and more responsive learning environments across Uganda.
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Makerere University Newsletter Apr-Jun 2026
Education
CEES 2026 Students Orientation: Newly Admitted Students tipped on Integrity, Academic Excellence, Safety and Responsible AI usage
Published
1 week agoon
August 11, 2026
On 6th August 2026, the first year students admitted to the various undergraduate academic programmes at the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) convened at the Makerere University Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility Auditorium for a specialized orientation session with the College leadership, selected University Officials, staff and student leaders.
Bringing together over 900 first year students, the colourful orientation session organized by the Office of the Principal, in collaboration with the College Registrar, College Communication Office, and the Student leaders, kicked off with the singing of the Anthems. The first year students were impressed by the vocals courtesy of the College of Education and External Studies Choir.
The interactive orientation session, which involved interludes of respecting the Makerere University Culture (with the entire audience speaking with energy, Eeh, Makerere Oyee!) was aimed at equipping the newly admitted students with the essential knowledge to transition into University life, guidance to successfully navigate their academic journey, and developing a deeper sense of belonging and love for the College of Education and External Studies (CEES).
The orientation focused on promoting academic excellence, responsible conduct, personal well-being, financial management, digital learning, safeguarding, and effective utilization of university resources to support students’ growth and development.

The orientation programme featured presentations from university administrators, academic leaders, student representatives, and support service providers including the College Principal-Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, Deputy Principal-Prof. Ronald Bisaso, Dean-School of Distance and Lifelong Learning- Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, Dean-School of Education- Assoc. Prof. Mathias Mulumba, the Director of IODeL-Dr. Godfrey Mayende, the Manager-Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre Dr. Henry Nsubuga, the College Chairperson-Mr. Anthony Bakashaba, and among other members of staff and student leaders.
Commitment to Academic Excellence and Responsible Conduct

Opening the engagement, the Principal, College Principal, Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, congratulated the first-year students upon being admitted to Makerere University, and specifically to the College of Education and External Studies. He highlighted that the College consists of three (3) Schools namely: The School of Education, the School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, and the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development.
Recalling the lived experiences from his youthful days as a student, and his various attempts in different academic disciplines such as religious studies, economics, philosophy, education, he informed the students that they had made the right choice to study education.
“I am a professor of education. I have served as a teacher, education policy specialist, and rose up to the rank of Professor. I am the College Principal. I am here to re-assure you that you have made the right decision to study education,” he said.
The Principal encouraged the first-year students to embrace their academic journey with determination and utilize their stay to effectively tap into the opportunities available at Makerere University.
“Prioritize your studies, maintain healthy relationships, and avoid behaviours that could compromise your safety, well-being, and academic progress,” Prof. Muwagga Mugagga guided.

He advised the students to attend lectures consistently, actively participate in class, establish professional relationships with lecturers, and familiarize themselves with university policies and support services.
He called upon the students to manage their finances responsibly by prioritizing essential needs, such as tuition and academic requirements, and exploring available work-study opportunities when faced with financial challenges.
Prof. Muwagga Mugagga reminded students to understand their rights and responsibilities as members of the university community and to uphold the values and standards that guide life at Makerere University.
Striving for Excellence and Time Management
The Deputy Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso implored the students to remain focused on their academic goals, adhere to university policies, and to use their freedom wisely throughout their university journey.

Prof. Bisaso also tipped the students on professionalism, the standards and right set of values that society expects from prospective teachers and educators. He encouraged the students to dress appropriately and make reference to authentic online platforms that describe the dress code for official, business, and casual engagements.
“Students’ conduct and appearance contribute significantly to the professional image they project within the university and the wider community,” he noted.
Academic Success and Professional Conduct

The Dean of the School of Education, Associate Professor Mathias Mulumba Bwanika articulated that the transition to the Competency-Based Education, which implies that the student/learner takes responsibility for his or her studies.
“Schools and institutions in Uganda shifted from a content-based curriculum to the competency-based one. The teacher guides, but the student takes full responsibility for his or her learning,” he remarked.
To excel under the competency-based mode of delivery, Associate Professor Mulumba Bwanika urged the students to value time, plan their schedules, form discussion groups, and tap into the benefits of group learning, including innovation, creativity, and reading ahead of their lecturers.
Associate Professor Mulumba Bwanika reminded the students to uphold high standards of professionalism by following the professional code of conduct for teachers. He tipped the students on personal hygiene, respectful behaviour, character and development.
The Dean of the School of Education, emphasized the importance of cultivating habits that promote academic success. “If you want to succeed in a university setting, you need to consult the student leaders and staff, embrace group learning, and read consistently.”
Embracing Learning Opportunities Beyond the Classroom
The Dean, School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Dr Harriet Nabushawo reaffirmed Makerere University’s commitment to producing knowledgeable, skilled, and socially responsible graduates.

She implored the students to take ownership of their learning, remain organized and disciplined, and develop habits that promote academic excellence and lifelong growth.
Dr Nabushawo highlighted opportunities beyond classroom learning, including research, innovation, leadership, teamwork, and community engagement, noting that these experiences help students develop professional competencies, problem-solving abilities, communication skills, and teamwork.
She rallied students to actively participate in university programmes and collaborative learning experiences to broaden their perspectives and prepare themselves for meaningful contributions to society.
Effective Digital Learning and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Dr Godfrey Mayende, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Open, Distance and eLearning (IODeL), advised students to embrace digital learning as an important component of their academic journey.
He urged students to regularly access the Makerere University E-Learning Environment (MUELE), participate in online discussions, check university communication platforms, and seek support when they encounter academic challenges.
Highlighting the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education, Dr Mayende encouraged students to use AI responsibly as a learning companion for understanding concepts, generating ideas, improving writing, summarizing notes, and practising academic tasks.
He emphasized the importance of ethical use of technology, independent thinking, and academic integrity in preparing students for future professional environments.
“Use artificial intelligence wisely. AI should not corrupt your personal knowledge. AI should not replace human thinking,” he guided.
Prioritize Mental Health and Seek Support Early
In his remarks, the Manager-Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre, Mr. Henry Nsubuga called upon the students to prioritize their wellbeing, utilize their time as an opportunity for personal growth, resilience building, and professional development.

Mr. Nsubuga disclosed that Mental Health is one of the biggest challenges affecting the wellbeing of humans. He therefore advised students experiencing mental health issues to always seek professional counselling and guidance services, stressing that early access to support contributes to a successful, healthy, and a fulfilling university experience.
He appealed to students to support members within the University community who could be dealing with mental health issues due to pressures from home, workload, retakes, hunger, financial difficulties, painful relationships, poor performance in class, anxiety, drug and substance abuse, loss of loved ones, neglect and discrimination, by referring them to the Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre.
Ensuring a Safe University Environment
Dr Michael Walimbwa, a Staff Safeguarding Champion at CEES accompanied by Ms. Agnes Nambuya and the Student Safeguarding Champions at CEES presented some of the safeguarding tips and principles.

The Staff Safeguarding Champions at CEES namely Dr Michael Walimba and Ms Agnes Nambuya accompanied by the CEES Student Safeguarding Champions sensitized the first year students on the concept of safeguarding.
“Safeguarding is about protecting members of Makerere University from harassment, neglect, and any behavior that threatens safety,” explained Dr Walimbwa.
Dr Walimbwa reminded the students that creating a safe university environment is a collective responsibility. He challenged students to report any cases of harassment, misconduct, or situations affecting their well-being through established university safeguarding channels, including safeguarding champions, academic leaders, and reporting platforms.
Academic Procedures and Policies

During the CEES Orientation, the Office of the College Registrar was effectively represented by Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana-College Registrar, Ms. Molly Nantongo-School of Education Registrar, and Mr. Sanderson Acati-Registrar at the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development.
Mrs Kayaga Kiwana outlined some of the key academic policies and regulations to guide the first year students during the course of study. She advised the students to follow the respective timetables and ensure that they are in the right place at the right time. She equally emphasized the need to follow the registration procedures and guidelines, and stressed the need to provide authentic information during the documentation and registration process.
Mrs Kayaga Kiwana outlined some of the key academic policies and regulations to guide the first year students during the course of study. She advised the students to follow the respective timetables and ensure that they are in the right place at the right time. She equally emphasized the need to follow the registration procedures and guidelines, and stressed the need to provide authentic information during the documentation and registration process.
Financial Discipline and Timely Fees Payment
The College Bursar, Mr. Stephen Kayima and the Accountant-Mr. Godfrey Wasikye underscored the need to follow the University financial procedures and ensure timely payment of tuition and other University fees.

Mr. Kayima emphasized that all tuition and functional fees should be paid through the official university payment system using a Payment Registration Number (PRN), cautioning students against relying on unofficial payment channels.
Mr. Kayima urged students to prioritize tuition payments within the stipulated timelines to maintain uninterrupted access to university services and academic activities.
Library Support Services and Promoting a Reading Culture
Ms Frascesca Musimenta, from the CEES Library, encouraged students to develop a culture of reading, conduct research, and utilize library services throughout their academic journey.

She highlighted the role of the university library in supporting learning through access to books, journals, research materials, and study spaces, encouraging students to take advantage of these resources.
Balancing Academics with Campus Engagement
The 92nd Guild Minister for Academic Affairs, Makerere University, Hon. Neena Elsie Kalazani, congratulated the first-year students upon their admission and advised them to approach their studies with commitment and discipline.

She urged students to attend lectures consistently, complete coursework on time, read beyond classroom requirements, and strive for academic excellence.
Beyond academics, Hon. Neena Kalazani encouraged students to participate in clubs, associations, and leadership opportunities, noting that such engagements help develop leadership skills, build networks, and create a more enriching university experience.
She called upon students to embrace the wider Makerere community and balance academic excellence with active participation in campus life.
The orientation program concluded with student leaders presenting the various clubs and associations within the College, encouraging first-year students to actively participate in co-curricular activities that promote leadership, teamwork, networking, and personal development.
The engagement provided students with essential guidance on navigating university life, emphasizing academic excellence, responsible conduct, personal well-being, and effective utilization of available university resources.
The Orientation session was moderated by Ms. Ritah Namisango, Principal Communication Officer at Makerere University, and Hon. Peter Kisakye, the Speaker, Makerere Education Students Association (MESA). Ms. Namisango acknowledged the College Chairperson, Mr. Anthony Bakashaba and his entire student leadership team for the selfless service exhibited during the orientation activities lined up at the College (Monday 3rd to Friday 7th August 2026). She also recognized the CEES Choir led by Dr Benon Kigozi for participating in the College Orientation.

Education
Building Education System Resilience in a Poly-Crisis: Regional Perspectives
Published
1 month agoon
July 14, 2026By
Mak Editor
In this blogpost, part of #TheSouthAlsoKnows blog series, Aranza Ballesteros, Cathrine Brun, Santiago Cueto, Khoi Vinh Dang, Thi Ly Le, Roy William Mayega, Krishneel Reddy, Rachel Saliba, Maha Shuayb, Anthony Ssebagereka, Julius Ssentongo, and Tetiana Zheriobkina bring together six regional perspectives on education system resilience as part of the GPE KIX Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative.
In the context of a growing poly-crisis, complex challenges such as climate change, forced migration, conflict and economic shocks increasingly intersect and compound one another. These overlapping crises have direct and indirect effects on education systems, which are deeply vulnerable to the uncertainties of rapid change. Strengthening education system resilience — the capacity to not only withstand shocks but adapt and evolve over time — is therefore critical. While resilience sometimes risks becoming another buzzword, it has important implications for how education systems are understood, governed and supported. Yet there is still no clear consensus on what education system resilience means in theory or practice.
Through the Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative, implemented under the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) Knowledge and Innovation Exchange (KIX), six regional observatories are helping fill this gap. They are examining potential future disruptions to education systems and how resilience is understood and practiced within these systems — across GPE partner countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific.
Emerging findings suggest that while understandings of resilience vary across contexts, and use of the term remains uneven in education policy documents, education systems in each region are integrating elements of risk reduction and preparedness planning, though often in reaction to past or ongoing crises. Findings also suggest that while policies recognize the needs of vulnerable learners disproportionately affected by shocks and disruptions, this rarely translates into targeted action, though gradual progress is being made.
Understanding resilience across contexts, knowledge systems and languages
Education system resilience is neither a fixed concept nor universally understood. Instead, it is shaped by local contexts and lived realities, Indigenous knowledges and the perspectives of different stakeholders. These influences are further reflected in language, as many local terms associated with resilience do not align neatly with the English concept. Resilience is often articulated through related ideas — such as school safety, disaster preparedness, learning continuity and educational quality improvement.
In countries frequently affected by disasters, resilience is often framed around awareness raising, preparedness, risk management and adaptation. This includes building safer schools, integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) into curricula, and training teachers to respond to emergencies. Hurricane-prone Caribbean island states, for example, prioritize disaster-resilient infrastructure and plan for distance learning during hurricane season. In conflict-affected settings, resilience centres on finding alternative ways to keep education going when national systems falter or collapse. In South Sudan, amid conflict and climate shocks, resilience is closely linked to maintaining educational continuity through community-based contingency planning and by aligning school calendars with seasonal realities.
Indigenous knowledge systems frame resilience in ways that challenge narrow or technical definitions. In the Pacific region, resilience is inseparable from Indigenous ways of knowing which foreground communal identities and relational systems that connect people to land, ocean and spirit. Rather than a system’s ability to “bounce back”, resilience is understood as sustaining continuity across generations, preserving culture and collective wellbeing. Accordingly, resilience is cultivated through networks of kinship and communities that share responsibility for learning and survival. It is experienced as an ongoing cycle of adaptation that is deeply ecological and spiritual.
Language itself gives resilience distinct meanings in different contexts. In Arabic, several translations of “resilience” exist, each with distinct implications. The most common term, murūna (flexibility or adaptability), refers to adjusting to and coping with crises. Another widely invoked concept, sumūd (steadfastness), looks beyond survival to include resistance, dignity, liberation and the pursuit of a just future. With murūna, the focus is on whether a system can continue to function under pressure, whether or not that functioning aligns with community aspirations or meaningful educational outcomes.
Across regions, these nuances mean that resilience is often articulated through context-specific concepts rather than the term itself. In South and Southeast Asia, resilience is conveyed through a cluster of terms that emphasize coping with disruption, adaptation and the need to sustain learning under crisis conditions. In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, educational resilience is more often described in terms of effectiveness, stability, adaptability, relevance, modernization, quality enhancement and sustainability.
The framing of resilience also varies by stakeholder, reflecting differing roles and priorities. In sub-Saharan Africa, national policymakers emphasize maintaining teaching and learning during crises while aligning resilience efforts with broader national agendas. Local communities and civil society organizations focus on community‑based action, resource availability and partnerships that safeguard learning at the local level. Teachers tend to define resilience as their ability to adapt pedagogical practices, manage changing learning environments, and continue teaching despite constraints.
Resilience in policy documents
Across regions, the term “resilience” is used unevenly in education policies, with more frequent references to related concepts like disaster risk management or system strengthening. It is often framed around selected components of system functioning rather than whole-system perspectives. In many contexts, individual resilience is emphasized over system-level capacities. Moreover, the term tends to appear mainly in documents produced or influenced by international development actors, who play an active role in shaping resilience agendas in both policy and practice.
In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, “resilience” appears mainly in broad national development strategies: in education-specific documents, related concepts associated with crisis management and preparedness, DRR and climate adaptation are more commonly used instead. In LAC, resilience is largely absent from education laws and curricula but appears more often in education strategic plans — particularly in Caribbean countries — where it is linked to infrastructure, technology and innovation, student wellbeing and climate resilience. Across Pacific Island countries, the term is beginning to feature in education sector plans and regional frameworks such as the Pacific Regional Education Framework 2018-2030, albeit unevenly. When “resilience” appears, it is typically situated within adaptation and DRR rather than as a comprehensive education system resilience framing.
The emphasis placed on individual versus system-level resilience also varies. In LAC, resilience is more often framed around developing students’ skills for coping with shocks and disruptions. By contrast, education policies in Timor-Leste, the Philippines and Vietnam tend to reference both individual and system-level dimensions of resilience.
International development actors have played a central role in introducing resilience into policy discourse and shaping how it is operationalized, including through funding targeted areas such as DRR, emergency preparedness and school infrastructure improvement. Although this has expanded the space for resilience‑related work, it raises important questions about local ownership, cultural grounding and alignment with local priorities and practices. In the Pacific, Indigenous notions of resilience are rarely referenced by international actors, while in MENA, more local, justice‑oriented and transformative interpretations such as sumūd are overlooked.
Resilience in practice
Although the term is not always explicitly used, countries have developed a wide range of practices that align closely with resilience, shaped by lived realities and the dominant risks they face. Most of these practices focus on system strengthening, planning and responding to shocks and disruptions.
In the Pacific, recurrent natural hazards have led to school safety programs, emergency school feeding, multimodal learning, community-based contingency planning and investment in resilient infrastructure. In MENA, issues of conflict and displacement have led to measures such as double-shift schooling and digital and hybrid learning. In line with their understandings of resilience, most countries focus on practices that strengthen systems so they can withstand disruptions and ensure learning continuity and system functioning, rather than practices such as anticipation, planning, prevention and mitigation. This is the case in sub‑Saharan Africa, where education strategic plans refer to anticipation, planning, prevention and mitigation but concentrate primarily on system strengthening — such as by investing in ICT for distance learning, integrating DRR and decentralizing decision‑making to enable local action during crises.
Most existing practices tend to be reactive, addressing crises after they occur. Where forward-looking risk analytics and early warning systems exist, they are typically embedded in national DRR frameworks rather than education-specific plans. These frameworks call for continuous hazard monitoring, risk assessment that identifies vulnerable groups, and checks on infrastructure and school safety. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have placed greater emphasis on forward-looking monitoring and reporting. For instance, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines have started to promote school safety committees to strengthen preparedness. But approaches remain uneven across regions. In practice, anticipation still leans on lessons from past shocks, with initiatives centered mainly on natural hazard forecasting and preparedness. While this focus is necessary, it can overlook other significant disruptions and limit readiness for new risks emerging at greater speed and scale.
Disproportionate impacts on vulnerable learners
Vulnerable groups are disproportionately affected during disruptions, as crises amplify existing inequalities and deepen barriers to education access and retention. Across regions, policy recognition of vulnerable learners rarely translates into targeted action to address their specific challenges. Resilience efforts tend to prioritize access and continuity, without adequately addressing the needs of vulnerable learners or tackling structural barriers that drive their marginalization.
In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, countries have established legal frameworks promoting inclusive education, but implementation gaps remain: materials adapted for students with disabilities are limited, qualified teachers are concentrated in urban areas, and crisis response protocols rarely explicitly address vulnerable groups. In MENA, Africa and LAC, strategic plans likewise call for inclusion and identify barriers facing marginalized populations, but lack clear measures to overcome them.
Across regions, resilience efforts tend to prioritize maintaining access to education and continuity of learning. Far less attention is given to learning quality, socio-emotional wellbeing and the underlying issues that make some students more vulnerable to disruptions. This omission risks inadvertently reinforcing inequalities. For example, in Lebanon, inclusion is often framed around the enrolment of refugees or children with disabilities — without addressing intersecting inequalities such as poverty and unequal resource distribution that disproportionately limit access among these groups.
Despite these challenges, countries are taking steps to address the needs of vulnerable groups, including during crises. Remedial programs to reintegrate out-of-school children, enhanced digital connectivity for remote learning, more accessible school infrastructure and adapted learning materials are just a few examples. Sierra Leone’s National Policy on Radical Inclusion prioritizes access to quality education for marginalized groups — particularly children with disabilities, pregnant girls, rural learners and those from low-income households — by promoting inclusive learning environments and community engagement. Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia are strengthening digital access and skills to better connect students in remote and nomadic communities.
While the risks and crises differ across regions, the impacts on vulnerable groups tend to converge. Whether due to conflict, climate extremes or economic collapse — crises compound the barriers already faced by marginalized learners.
A need for comprehensive, locally owned resilience planning
Evidence from the Observatory initiative shows that education system resilience remains an evolving concept, with understandings in different regions shaped by lived realities, local knowledge and stakeholder perspectives. These differing views of resilience can be broadly seen as a spectrum — from reactive, short-term responses that focus on coping to more proactive, anticipatory and holistic approaches that strengthen systems over the long term and reduce reliance on crisis response. Resilience can be framed around specific system components or seen as a comprehensive, whole-system approach. Understandings of its aim range from sustaining existing education systems — including their flaws — to transforming these systems by addressing the root causes of vulnerability and fragility. These different framings have important implications for how education systems are governed and supported in the era of poly-crisis.
As disruptions become more frequent, complex and interconnected, we need to move beyond a narrow focus on emergencies toward a more comprehensive systems perspective. Making this shift requires integrating resilience into long-term planning and financing, with greater investment in foresight and anticipatory approaches. Regional observatories are addressing this gap by conducting horizon scans, developing future scenarios and promoting foresight practices among stakeholders. However, many countries have limited funding to address immediate crises, let alone build toward long-term education system resilience. Any such efforts tend to rely on technical and funding support from international development actors, which can create path dependency and limit national ownership.
Moving forward, reorienting education systems will likely require innovative approaches to financing and supporting their resilience. In a world of growing and intersecting disruptions, resilience can no longer be an add-on — it must become a core capability of education systems.
About the authors
The authors of this blog post are implementing partners of the GPE KIX Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative. Details about each regional observatory and implementing partner can be found on the GPE KIX website. Author names appear in alphabetical order by last name to reflect their equal authorship.
Education
Makerere University Signs MoU with Fukui University to enhance Research, Teacher Development and STEM Education
Published
2 months agoon
June 22, 2026By
Mak Editor
By Ritah Namisango and Monica Meeme
In June 2026, Makerere University and the University of Fukui in Japan, formalized their collaboration by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance education through collaborative research, knowledge exchange and professional development of teachers.
The MoU was signed by the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe on behalf of Makerere University, and Dr. Yuu Kimura, the Dean, the United Graduate School of Professional Teachers on behalf of the University of Fukui.
The University of Fukui aims to promote world-class education and research in science and technology for people’s well-being, while providing advanced medical services to local residents. Makerere University is one of the oldest and leading institutions of higher learning in Africa. It is a renowned centre of academic excellence, research and innovations.
In the MoU, both universities commit to undertake academic and educational research, strengthen partnerships in education and ICT, promote joint international engagements, and enhance knowledge exchange and cooperation for mutual institutional development.
At Makerere University, the MoU signed by the Vice Chancellor on 12th June 2026, will be implemented through the College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education (DSTVE). The Programme Coordinators include: Dr. Reymick Oketch-Principal Investigator, and Associate Professor Josephine Esaete with the College Principal-Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga providing the oversight function. At the University of Fukui, the Programme Coordinators include: Associate Professor Kosaka Masato and Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri.
Exchange of the MoU between Makerere University and the University of Fukui
On 19th June 2026, the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe presented the MoU to the University of Fukui, Japan represented by Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri and Associate Professor Masato Kosaka.
The signing parties explained that the MoU institutionalizes the collaboration between Makerere University, College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education (DSTVE) and the University of Fukui, the United Graduate School of Professional Teachers, which began in 2024.
Through this collaboration, the parties have been implementing the Japanese Lesson Study approach, a model that promotes teamwork among teachers through joint lesson planning, classroom observation, co-teaching, and reflective learning. “The initiative is aimed at improving teaching practices and enhancing the implementation of competence-based and activity-based learning in schools.”
As part of the partnership, Dr. Oketch reported that Makerere University works closely with secondary schools, including King’s College Budo and Kalinabiri Secondary School, where lecturers and teachers collaborate to improve classroom instruction.
Dr. Oketch pointed out that the collaboration encourages teachers to work together, share experiences, observe one another’s lessons, and adopt active teaching methods that improve learning outcomes.
“The programme also supports joint research to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in improving teacher performance and student learning outcomes,” stated Dr. Oketch.
Vice Chancellor proposes setting up of the Centre for Teacher Professional Development
In his remarks, the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Nawangwe praised the growing collaboration between Makerere University and the University of Fukui of Japan, describing it as a valuable partnership for strengthening teacher professional development through engagement, mentorship, and innovative teaching practices.
Reflecting on his earlier visits to Japan, the Vice Chancellor noted that his connection with the country has left a lasting impression on him and demonstrated the kindness, trust, and hospitality of the Japanese people.
The Vice Chancellor called upon the University of Fukui to support the ongoing efforts aimed at establishing a Centre for Teacher Professional Development at Makerere University, which would provide a strong platform for expanding collaboration and enhancing professional learning among educators.
“The Centre for Teacher Professional Development in Science in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) at Makerere University, will benefit educators in Uganda and beyond,” said the Vice Chancellor.
Valuable opportunities for addressing educational challenges
In his address, Associate Professor Masato Kosaka from the University of Fukui commended Makerere University for the growing partnership, describing the collaboration as an important milestone in advancing educational research and professional development.
He noted that the collaboration has already yielded valuable opportunities for engagement, including visits to secondary schools and discussions on joint research initiatives aimed at addressing educational challenges. “The interactions with secondary schools in Uganda have strengthened the shared commitment of both universities to improving education through collaboration, innovation, and research,” he said.
He expressed optimism that the signed MoU will deepen collaborative research, promote academic exchange, and create meaningful opportunities for students, educators, and researchers from both institutions in the years ahead.
A brief about the activities that led to the Signing of the MoU
In an interview with the CEES Communication Office, Dr. Reymick Oketch, the Principal Investigator and a Biology Teacher Educator, explained that the MoU was signed during the two-week visit by delegates from the University of Fukui, Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri and Associate Professor Masato Kosaka, to Makerere University, College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education.
He highlighted the growing impact of the collaboration in strengthening teacher education and STEM learning. He emphasized the importance of teacher capacity development that promotes teamwork, peer support, and reflective learning.
Dr. Oketch disclosed that the partnership extends beyond research and classroom practice to include staff and teacher exchange programmes between Uganda and Japan. “Educators from both countries have been presented with opportunities to observe teaching methods, share experiences, and learn from one another,” he said.
The collaboration has opened pathways for further education, with selected teachers receiving opportunities to pursue advanced studies in Japan. He encouraged educators and student teachers to embrace collaborative teaching, reflective practice, and learner-centered approaches that place students at the heart of the learning process.
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