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72nd Graduation: Doctoral Citations – CHS

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AGABA Bekiita Bosco
AGABA Bekiita Bosco

AGABA Bekiita Bosco
Molecular Epidemiological Surveillance of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in Uganda

Mr. AGABA Bekiita Bosco investigated the biological and molecular changes in malaria parasites that make them difficult to be detected in malaria infected individuals. Once these parasites evade detection, individuals remain untreated leading to severe disease and risk of mortality. The results provide the first large-scale evidence reporting the presence of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions in P. falciparum parasites in Uganda and demonstrated that gene deletions are not confined but rather spread across regions. Further, the study showed that these parasites emerge independently and sponteneously. The findings inform national guidelines for malaria case management and policy for the introduction and deployment of new malaria diagnotic tests. The study was funded by the NIH-Fogarty Malaria training grant and the WHO collaborating center in Australia. The work was supervised by Prof. Moses R. Kamya, Prof. Chae Seung Lim, Dr. Adoke Yeka and Dr. Samuel Nsobya.


AMONGIN Dinah
AMONGIN Dinah

AMONGIN Dinah
Understanding Trends and Trajectories of Repeat Adolescent Birth in Uganda

Ms. AMONGIN Dinah studied the magnitude and explanation for repeat adolescent birth (i.e. a second or higher order live birth before age 20 years, following a first birth before age 18 years) and its later life consequences in Uganda. Her results revealed high repeat adolescent births (over 1 in 2) with slight decline in the 30 years of observation (1988/89-2016) although more women over the years wanted to have this repeat birth later. Results suggest life-long negative socio-economic and reproductive health outcomes among women with repeat adolescent births compared to those without. Further, escalation of the socio-economic distress following first birth, domestic violence, and partner coercion, predisposed adolescent girls to sexual exploitation and unwanted marriages. Interventions should focus on preventing repeat adolescent pregnancy and increasing opportunities for adolescent mothers, with a primary focus on: improving school retention/continuation, strengthening family planning services, and preventing early marriage. This study was funded by Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence (THRiVE-2) and was supervised by Assoc. Prof Annettee Nakimuli, Assoc. Prof Lenka Benova, Assoc. Prof Lynn Atuyambe, and Assoc. Prof Claudia Hanson.


KAPAATA ANDAMA Anne
KAPAATA ANDAMA Anne

KAPAATA ANDAMA Anne
Genotypic And Phenotypic Characterization Of Hiv-1 Transmitted/Founder Viruses And Their Effect On Cytokine Profiles And Disease Progression Among Acutely Infected Ugandans

Ms. KAPAATA ANDAMA Anne looked at Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses and their effect on cytokine profiles and disease progression among acutely infected Ugandans. Subtype analysis of inferred transmitted/founder viruses showed a high transmission rate of inter-subtype recombinants (69%) involving mainly A1/D, while pure subtype D variants accounted for one- third of infections (31%). The signal peptide-C1 region and gp41 transmembrane domain were hotspots for A1/D recombination events. She documented diversity in the functional protein domains across the Gag-Pol region of the HIV virus and identified differences in the Gag-p6 domain that were frequently associated with higher in vitro replication. She also found that HIV-1 subtype D infections had higher concentrations of different cytokines than subtype Ainfections. cytokines IL-12/23p40 and IL-1α were associated with faster CD4+T cell count decline while basic fibroblast growth factor was associated with maintenance of CD4+T cell count above 350cells/microliter. This work was funded by the International AIDS Vaccine initiative and supervised by Prof. Pontiano Kaleebu, Eric Hunter and Moses Joloba and Dr Jesus Salazar Gonzalez.


BAKESIIMA Ritah
BAKESIIMA Ritah

BAKESIIMA Ritah
Modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda: prevalence, effect of peer counselling, adherence and experiences

Ms. BAKESIIMA Ritah studied modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents northern Uganda: the prevalence, effect of peer counselling, adherence, and experiences. She found that the use of modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescents was very low with less than 10% using a method, and yet they wanted to delay child birth. This highlights a high unmet need of contraceptives in this population. She also found that peer counselling had a positive effect on acceptance of modern contraceptives; participants who received peer counselling were more likely to accept a contraceptive method compared to those who received routine counselling. The commonest reasons for non-acceptance of a method were partner prohibition and fear of side effects. She recommends that refugee adolescents, together with their partners, are further sensitized of the dangers of teenage pregnancy, and the benefits of contraception in preventing teenage pregnancy and associated complications. This research was funded by SIDA and supervised by Assoc. Prof Elin Larsson, Dr. Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Prof. Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Dr. Amanda Cleeve, and Dr. Rose Chalo Nabirye.


BAYIGGA Lois
BAYIGGA Lois

BAYIGGA Lois
Role of Vaginal Microbiome in Host Susceptibility of HIV Infection in Pregnant Ugandan Women: Inflammatory Response and Epithelial Barrier Integrity

Mr. BAYIGGA Lois investigated the virginal microbial diversity and its immune-modulatory effects on host susceptibility to HIV among pregnant women in Uganda. In the results, the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women in the cross-sectional study was categorised into four distinct cervicotypes. In conclusion, African women had a more diverse vaginal microbiome relative to women in the America and Europe as observed in the literature. This work was supervised by Prof. Damalie Nakanjako, Dr. David Patrict Kateete, Dr. Musa Sekikubo and Prof. Deborah Anderson.


MIJUMBI Deve Rhona
MIJUMBI Deve Rhona

MIJUMBI Deve Rhona
Rapid Response Services to Support Policymaking in Uganda

Ms. MIJUMBI Deve Rhona evaluated the rapid response mechanisms aimed at providing evidence for policymaking in Uganda, including their feasibility and establishment, their uptake amongst the users along with these users’ experiences with them. She was able to determine and confirm the feasibility of an RRS in Uganda and map the establishment, growth, and evolution of the service. She was also able to document the important factors that led to the establishment of the service, then used this information to develop a theoretical framework combining the structural and temporal components of the development of an RRS and the factors important at each stage. She also established the important factors that influence the uptake of the RRS amongst its actual and potential users and also explored the users’ experience with the rapid response (RR) briefs produced by the RRS and used her findings to improve these briefs. The findings from this work are important to enable the use of evidence for decision-making at different levels of governance globally, especially in complex situations where time is barred. The work was funded by the International Development Research Center’s International Research Chairs Initiative and supervised by Prof. Nelson Sewankambo, Prof. John Lavis, and Dr. Andrew Oxman.


MUKURU Moses
MUKURU Moses

MUKURU Moses
An analysis of evolutions in maternal health policies and implementation adaptations in Uganda during the MDG period (2000-2015)

Mr. MUKURU Moses analysed Uganda’s maternal health policies introduced during the fifteen years of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG period) to understand policy failure. This followed the persistence of high preventable maternal mortality, which closed at a Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 368 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015 below the target of 131 deaths per 100,000 live births. While most studies explain the failure to achieve maternal health policy targets from epidemiological, interventional and health systems perspectives, this study examined how elite interests underpinning maternal health policies, policy design and implementation influenced maternal health policy failure in Uganda. The study found that the failure to achieve policy targets and persistence of high maternal mortality despite introducing fourteen policy shifts emanated from a complex interplay of factors at the policy formulation, design and implementation levels. Policy elites developed policies which mainly served their selfish political and economic interests while paying limited attention to the goal of reducing maternal mortality. The policy instruments introduced were incoherent, inconsistent and incomprehensive to cover all the causes of maternal mortality rendering the policies ineffective in design. Consequently, maternal health policies could not be fully operationalised at the frontline to support timely response to all the emergencies that cause maternal death. The study was funded by DAAD, the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, Switzerland, through the University of Cape Town, South Africa, the “Support Policy Engagements for Evidence informed (SPEED)” and was supervised by Professor Freddie Ssengooba and Dr Suzanne Kiwanuka.


MUSABA Milton
MUSABA Milton

MUSABA Milton
Obstructed labour in Eastern Uganda: risk factors, electrolyte derangements, and effect of bicarbonate on obstetric outcomes

Dr. MUSABA Milton studied the risk factors, electrolyte derangements, and effect of bicarbonate on obstetric outcomes among women with Obstructed labour (OL). Failure of a woman to give birth normally is called OL. It is often associated with poor outcomes for both the mother and baby, if the intervention (surgical) is not timely. In Uganda, one in five maternal deaths and two in five perinatal deaths are attributed to OL. The risk factors were being a first-time mother, using herbal medicines, and being referred in labour. While being married, having a delivery plan, and an educated partner were protective. Perioperatively, multiple electrolyte derangements were common. Perinatal death was four times higher than the national average, and the predictors were being referred and having a high maternal blood lactate level. Sodium bicarbonate infusion had no significant beneficial or harmful effect. Developing birth and complication readiness plans may help to minimize delays and multiple referrals in case of an emergency. To minimize the effects of metabolic and electrolyte derangements in OL, healthcare providers need to ensure that these patients are well rehydrated especially during transfer to a higher facility. This study was funded by NORHED/NORAD and was supervised by Prof. Grace Ndeezi, Prof. Julius N. Wandabwa, Dr. Justus K. Barageine, and Prof. Andrew D. Weeks


NAMAZZI Gertrude
NAMAZZI Gertrude

NAMAZZI Gertrude
Burden and risk factors for child developmental disability among infants in Busoga region, in Uganda

Dr. NAMAZZI Gertrude investigated the burden and risk factors for child developmental disability among infants in Busoga region, in Uganda. The study revealed a high burden of child developmental disability at population level and among preterm babies. The caretakers of children with developmental disability expressed emotional stress and an impoverishing experience with limited support from the community and the health system. The key risk factors included: birth asphyxia, malnutrition, newborn infections, and a mother having more than three children. The study findings indicate the need to improve the quality of care during delivery and the postnatal period to prevent birth asphyxia, neonatal infections and malnutrition so as to curb the burden of child developmental disability. In addition, parents should limit the number of children to those they are able to nurture and care for adequately. The study recommends to government to improve the health facility readiness to respond to caretakers’ needs and the needs of children with developmental disability so as to empower families, while respecting their beliefs, to cope with adversity. The study was funded by SIDA and was supervised by Prof. James Tumwine, Assoc. Prof. Peter Waiswa and Assoc. Prof. Helena.


NANKYA Mutyoba Eron Joan
NANKYA Mutyoba Eron Joan

NANKYA Mutyoba Eron Joan
Hepatitis B. Among Ugandan pregnant women: Studies on Epidemiology, knowledge, perceptions and behavioural intentions

Ms. NANKYA Mutyoba Eron Joan investigated the epidemiology, knowledge, perceptions and behavioural intentions associated with Hepatitis B among Ugandan pregnant women. The study was conducted among pregnant women attending routine Antenatal Care in public health facilities in Kampala, Wakiso and Arua Districts. In the results, the overall prevalence of Hepatitis B. Virus infection was 6.1%. Pregnant women in Uganda have a high burden of the virus with significant regional differences, low knowledge and inaccurate perceptions of the virus. This study was funded by SIDA and was supervised by Assoc Prof. Ponsiano Ocama, Asoc Prof. Fredrick Makumbi and Assoc Prof. Lynn Atuyambe.


ODEI OBENG-AMOAKO Gloria Adobea
ODEI OBENG-AMOAKO Gloria Adobea

ODEI OBENG-AMOAKO Gloria Adobea
Retrospective analysis of concurrently wasted and stunted children 6-59 months in the outpatient therapeutic feeding programme in Karamoja: burden, characteristics, detection, response to treatment and outcomes

Ms. ODEI Obeng-Amoako Gloria Adobea examined the burden, characteristics and detection of concurrently wasted and stunted among children under 5 years, and their response to treatment and outcomes in the outpatient therapeutic feeding programme in Karamoja. She found that 5% of children under-5 years in Karamoja were wasted and stunted concurrently. Concurrent wasting and stunting was common among children younger than 3 years and particularly males. She identified optimal weight for age z-score (WAZ) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) thresholds for detecting children with concurrent wasting and stunting. Nearly half (49%) of children with severe acute malnutrition receiving outpatient therapeutic care were concurrently wasted and stunted and had lower recovery rate. The study will inform decision-making on integrated wasting and stunting prevention and treatment policy and programme. This study was funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York through RUFORUM, UNICEF Uganda; and African Union and European Union-Intra-ACP Mobility Partnering for Health Professionals Training in African Universities (P4HPT) and supervised by Assoc. Prof Charles A. S. Karamagi and Dr. Henry Wamani.


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Makerere-Incubated Safe Bangle Technologies Wins Prestigious World Summit Award for Innovation Against GBV

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A Woman putting on the Real-Time Domestic Violence Reporting Bracelet. Makerere University School of Public Health/Resilient Africa Network (MakSPH/RAN), Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Somero Uganda, Safe Bangle Technologies roll out of a real-time domestic violence reporting bracelet. Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Joseph Odoi

In a groundbreaking achievement, SafeBangle Technologies, an innovation incubated at Makerere University, has won the prestigious World Summit Award 2025 for its groundbreaking contribution to the fight against gender-based violence (GBV) in Africa. This remarkable honor comes in recognition of the development and implementation of a real-time domestic violence reporting bracelet.

The award was presented to the SafeBangle team that was represented by Saul Kabali, Messach Luminsa, and Janet Christine Nabaloga from SafeBangle Technologies at the WSA Global Congress in Hyderabad, India, where Uganda’s innovation potential was proudly showcased on a global stage.

The award was conferred in the Inclusion & Empowerment category for Safe Bangle’s cutting-edge solution; a wearable safety bracelet designed to address the pressing challenge of gender-based violence (GBV) across Africa.

The SafeBangle is a smartwatch-like, real-time domestic violence reporting bracelet that allows users to send SMS alerts via a single button press. Its core mission is to create a safer, more secure environment for women and children in Africa through innovative, affordable tech solutions.

According to Saul Kabali and Messach Luminsa, the innovators behind SafeBangle from SafeBangle Technologies, hosted at the Resilient African Network Lab. This award is very timely and a recognition that cements the importance of community rooted technology.

The team further stated that ‘’This award is a powerful affirmation of our mission and refuels our commitment to empowering Ugandan women and girls through innovation and technology. It influences our next steps by opening doors to new partnerships, increasing our credibility, and accelerating efforts to scale the SafeBangle nationally. We’re now more equipped to positively impact the daily lives of Ugandan women and girls through our SafeBangle bracelet.

To further the innovation, the team has called upon government to support the Safe Bangle Innovation

‘’Governments can support us by providing funding, facilitating policy support, and creating collaborative platforms for innovation. NGOs can help with grassroots outreach, and connect us to potential donors and funders interested in solving Sexual and Gender Based Violence amongst vulnerable communities; and tech partners can enhance scalability through infrastructure, data insights, and capacity building.

Moving forward, the team emphasized the importance of uniting innovation, partnership, and purpose to scale impact. “As we empower communities, invest in local solutions, and promote collaboration, we can transform how technology protects and uplifts women and girls across Uganda,” added the award-winning team.

The Story Behind the Safe Bangle Bracelet Innovation

According to the Safe Bangle innovators  Saul Kabali and Messach Luminsa , ‘’The inspiration behind SafeBangle came from a deeply personal place. ‘’We heard countless stories of women who couldn’t call for help during moments of danger. We were deeply affected by the story of Aisha, a young woman in a rural village who was attacked while walking home alone at night. With no way to call for help, she felt helpless and vulnerable. This incident made us realize the critical need for immediate reporting alert tools, accessible to women like Aisha. We knew technology could play a crucial role and this incident awakened a strong desire in us to create a solution’’

How the SafeBangle Real-time Domestic Violence Reporting Bracelet works. Makerere University School of Public Health/Resilient Africa Network (MakSPH/RAN), Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Somero Uganda, Safe Bangle Technologies roll out of a real-time domestic violence reporting bracelet. Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
How the SafeBangle Real-time Domestic Violence Reporting Bracelet works.

To Makerere University School of Public Health’s Dr. Juliet Kiguli, who collaborated closely with the team during the rollout of the bracelet, this award is a vote of confidence in the work of Makerere University, whose core function focuses on teaching, learning, community engagement, research, and innovation, all contributing to the university’s efforts in addressing domestic violence.

‘’The award-winning innovation stems from the findings of a longitudinal study led by the Makerere University School of Public Health.

While carrying out a study after the Covid-19 Pandemic, we identified gaps when it comes to reporting and response to Gender Based Violence (GBV) among women in informal settlements. Therefore, we used to incorporate the SafeBangle intervention to solve the problem of lack of affordable and immediate reporting mechanisms for violence using a bracelet that reports violence in real time

We’re excited about the progress so far, and with this recognition, we hope that more like-minded partners will join us to scale this initiative and ultimately help make the world a safer place for all.” Added Dr Kiguli of the Safe Bangle innovation potential

The research team, comprising Dr. Juliet Kiguli (Principal Investigator), Dr. Roy Mayega (Deputy Chief of Party, RAN), and Dr. Agnes Nyabigambo (Study Coordinator), piloted the bracelet under the PEER (Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research) program with support from USAID and the National Academies of Sciences.

A consortium of partners, including SafeBangle Technologies, Makerere School of Public Health/RAN , the Medical College of Wisconsin, and Somero Uganda, implemented the rollout of the Domestic Violence Real-Time Reporting Bracelet. The initiative was supported by USAID and the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC. Key contributors to the project included Dr Juliet Kiguli Roy Mayega from Makerere University School of Public Health, Dr. Kelly Robbins, Dr. Lina Stankute-Alexander, Dr. Brent Wells, Dr. Melissa Trimble, and Uganda’s Dr. Gloria Kasozi at USAID. Wisconsin Madison Medical University’s Prof. Julia Dickson-Gomez was also a collaborator.

In terms of the acceptability of the SafeBangle innovation as a solution to GBV, the team has piloted the technology with more than 1,000 users, resulting in a 63% reduction in response times

During the event, SafeBangle Team participated in the “Equity by Design” panel, sharing insights on inclusive technology development with global experts including Dorothy Gordon, Abhishek Singh from India’s Ministry of Electronics and IT, Baroness Beeban Kidron, and representatives from UNESCO and WE Hub.

About SafeBangle Technologies

SafeBangle Technologies is a Ugandan social enterprise hosted at Resilient African Network Lab focused on addressing gender-based violence through innovative safety solutions. The company combines wearable technology with an interactive web platform to provide real-time reporting of violence and physical assaults, even in areas without internet connectivity. Founded in 2018, SafeBangle operates with a mission to make safety accessible and affordable for vulnerable populations, especially women and children.

Mak Editor

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Call For Applications: Masters Support in Reducing Stroke Risk Factors 2025/2026

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An elevated shot of the School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine Building, College of Health Sciences (CHS), Makerere University. Mulago Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

A Targeted Self-Management Intervention for Reducing Stroke Risk Factors in High Risk Ugandans: Grant Number: R01NS118544.

Reducing Stroke Risk Factors in High Risk Ugandan Training Program.

CALL FOR APPLICATIONS FOR MASTERS SUPPORT IN REDUCING STROKE RISK FACTORS.

The Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Case Western Reserve University, partnering with Mbarara University of Science and Technology are implementing a five-year project, “A targeted self-management Intervention for Reducing Stroke Risk Factors in High Risk Ugandans”.

The program is funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). One aspect of the program is to provide advanced degree training to qualified candidates with an interest in pursuing clinical and research careers in Stroke. Trainees will be expected to develop and maintain a productive career devoted to Stroke Research, Clinical Practice, and Prevention. We are aiming at growing Research Capacity in Stroke Risk Reduction and training the next generation of Stroke health in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The Project is soliciting for applications for Masters Research thesis support in stroke-related research at Makerere University and Mbarara University, cohort 5, 2025/2026.

Selection criteria

  • Should be a Masters’ student of the following courses; MMED in Internal Medicine, Paediatrics, Surgery and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Family Medicine, Public Health, Master of Health Services Research, MSc. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nursing or Masters in the Basic Sciences (Physiology, Anatomy, Biochemistry or any other related field).
  • Should have completed at least one year of their Masters training in the courses listed above.
  • Demonstrated interest in Stroke and Neurological diseases, care and prevention and commitment to develop and maintain a productive career and devoted to Stroke, Clinical Practice and Prevention.

Research Programs

The following are the broad brain health research priority areas (THEMES) and applicants are encouraged to develop research concepts in the areas of; Applicants are not limited to these themes, they can propose other areas.

  • The epidemiology of Stroke and associated risk factors.
  • Stroke risk factors and outcomes (mortality, morbidity) for stroke, stroke genetics, and preventive measures in among adults.
  • Stroke in childhood and its associated factors, preventative measures etc.
  • Stroke epidemiology and other stroke related topics.
  • Stroke interventions and rehabilitation

In addition to a formal masters’ program, trainees will receive training in bio-ethics, Good Clinical Practice, behavioral sciences research, data and statistical analysis and research management.

The review criteria for applicants will be as follows:

  • Relevance to program objectives
  • Quality of research and research project approach
  • Feasibility of study
  • Mentors and mentoring plan; in your mentoring plan, please include who are the mentors, what training they will provide and how often they propose to meet with the candidate.
  • Ethics and human subjects’ protection.

Application Process

Applicants should submit an application letter accompanied with a detailed curriculum vitae, two recommendation letters from Professional referees or mentors and a 2-page concept or an approved full proposal describing your project and addressing Stroke Risk Factors or a stroke-related problem.

A soft copy should be submitted to the Training Coordinator, Reducing Stroke Project.

Email: reducingstroke@gmail.com. The closing date for the Receipt of applications is 12th June 2025.

For more information, inquiries, and additional advice on developing concepts, please contact the following:

Makerere University College of Health Sciences

Prof. Elly Katabira: katabira@infocom.co.ug

Dr. Mark Kaddumukasa:  kaddumark@yahoo.co.uk

Mbarara University

Ms. Josephine N Najjuma: najjumajosephine@yahoo.co.uk

Only short-listed candidates will be contacted for Interviews.

Mak Editor

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A Humble Petition from the Marabou Storks of Kampala to His Excellency, President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni

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The assembly of Marabou Storks in the Freedom Square. Date taken: 27th April 2025.

Your Excellency,

We send you warm greetings from the skies above Kampala — from your old, bald-headed friends, the Marabou Storks, or as we are fondly called, the Kalooli. We are not the prettiest of birds, with our wrinkled faces, hunched shoulders, and sharp beaks, but we carry an important duty. Where others see waste and decay, we see purpose. We are nature’s cleaners, recycling what would otherwise rot and cause harm.

Some count us among Africa’s “Ugly Five,” alongside hyenas, vultures, wildebeests, and warthogs, but we take no offense. Beauty was never the Creator’s mission for our mission, but service was. We glide quietly between life and death, keeping the balance, cleaning the mess, and doing the work that must be done.

Today, we come to you not with complaints, but with a plea for partnership, to protect our shared home and ensure a cleaner, healthier Uganda for all. We still remember the day in 2008, Mr. President, when you gave the Uganda Wildlife Authority and the Kampala Capital City Authority instructions to “kindly relocate us” from the esteemed grounds of State House, Nakasero. We don’t harbor angry feelings. Truly. We realized back then, as we do now, that not everyone finds our odd looks or the noble scent that naturally results from a lifetime of cleaning your lovely nation appealing.

Your Excellency, we are modest. And forgiving. We maintained our composure even when we were discussed in Parliament in 2020, when honorable members referred to us as “health threats” and asked that we leave the Parliament gardens. We birds, after all, literally have thicker skin!

We are better citizens now. Thanks to Makerere University‘s kind hospitality, we have discovered a new haven. We express our deep thanks to Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe for preserving the ancient trees, the very canopies that now provide us with protection, generation after generation. Students here lovingly refer to us as “the real professors of Makerere,” observing us as we keep a watchful eye on campus life with our sage, steady gaze. Some people think it’s a blessing to see a Kalooli before an exam. We take selfies with other people. We have kind of turned into little celebrities, sir. We appreciate the tranquility, love and peace you provided, with your comrade freedom fighters. They bring uhuru to these trees, and our kids pray for you every day for more life.

However, we come before you today not just to reminisce, but to raise important concerns not for ourselves alone, but for the survival of Uganda’s fragile ecosystem.

We are concerned about the growing crisis in waste, plastics, and environmental decay.

Your Excellency, you are a man who loves numbers. Allow us to present some:

  • 768 metric tons — that is the amount of food waste produced DAILY in Kampala alone.
  • 65% to 79% of solid waste in Kampala landfills consists of food waste.
  • The dairy industry in Uganda loses $23 million annually from waste alone, according to the Food Rights Alliance.
  • 135,804 tons of plastic waste generated in the Kampala Metropolitan Area recently.
  • 42% of that waste remains uncollected, leading to clogged drains, flood risks, pollution of wetlands, and of course, diseases.
  • Shockingly, 10% of this waste ends up in Uganda’s precious water systems!
The assembly of Marabou Storks in the Freedom Square. Date taken: 27th April 2025.
One of Marabou Storks draws closer to the camera.

Your Excellency,

It might surprise you but it’s true. Between 2018 and 2021, Uganda produced 12,330 tons of recycled polyethylene (rPET). And that’s not all conservative estimates predict a 91% increase in production between 2022 and 2025, should imports stay the same.

Mr. President, we Marabou Storks have served loyally as your unpaid, unsung environmental officers. While your citizens discard waste carelessly, we fly across the city, scavenging, sorting, and managing organic decay. We are your frontline solid waste managers, yet without uniforms, pensions, or even a simple “thank you.”

We join you in mourning the tragic loss of life that occurred at Kiteezi Landfill. We experienced devastation because the birds that live there consider that place their territory. We directly observed your people’s struggle to survive while they navigated hazardous unstable waste piles. Our deepest condolences go out to the families who lost loved ones and to every Ugandan citizen. The disaster served as a harsh reminder that waste mismanagement impacts people directly beyond just environmental concerns. Working together as environmental custodians we ask you to take action to prevent more deaths from occurring beneath waste mountain piles.

Just for context, Mr. President, since you fondly like science, here is the scientific truth about us

You may recall Dr. Derek Pomeroy and Mr. Michael Kibuule, distinguished researchers at Makerere University, who in 2021 published the history of our kind in Uganda. They noted:

  • Over 1,200 nesting pairs once graced Kampala city alone.
  • Over 800 Marabous nested at Makerere University.
  • Uganda likely hosts the largest urban colony of Marabou Storks in the world.

Dr. Pomeroy and Kibuule should receive Katonga medals because we recognize their devotion to us. They have loved us. Dr. Pomeroy first came to Uganda in 1969 to work in Makerere University‘s Department of Zoology. He developed deep affection for us and demonstrated excellent understanding. He has written affectionately about us. He knows we are innocent. Dr. Pomeroy maintains his affiliation to Makerere University while conducting independent research as both a Zoologist and an ecologist.

Mr. President, in the beginning, our existence was in the untamed savanna. We transitioned to urban areas alongside human development to assist with cleanup duties rather than to create any disturbance. We came to clean up the areas where you discarded bones and waste. Ronald Norman Magill stated that despite being part of Africa’s “Ugly Five,” we remain crucial to ecosystems because our simple and gritty nature is what makes us indispensable. Our role includes feeding on dead animals and decomposing matter to prevent diseases and sustain soil health through silent and selfless recycling of life.

Your Excellency, here are our humble pleas to you, Our President

  1. Please urge your people to plant trees.
    Our homes are disappearing completely. Sky scrapers are popping up everywhere we used to patch. Your Excellency, we merely ask that you recognize our role and protect our habitats; we are not opposed to development. In order to locate nesting sites, we now have to travel a considerable distance between Kiteezi, Lubigi, and the University. For all creatures, feathery, four-legged, and two-legged—healthy trees translate into richer soils, cleaner air, better rainfall, and cooler cities.
  2. Please strengthen plastic waste management.
    Your laws Mr. President, the 10-Year Restoration Plan, the National Environment Act 2019, and the Extended Producer Responsibility rules are all positive steps, but laws that do nothing are just as useful as wings on a tortoise. Please advocate for implementation, particularly in the areas of public education on responsible dumping and enforcement. We implore you to encourage your people to stop illegal dumping, sort their waste, recycle, and treat the environment as a gift rather than a trash can.
  3. Please invest boldly in waste infrastructure.
    Your Excellency,
  4. If Parliament can enjoy a small patriotic “thank you” of the legendary “100 silver coins” for safeguarding peace, surely a few crumbs can reach us, the Marabou Storks; Kampala’s tireless, unpaid sanitation workers, as a token of national gratitude. Imagine what a few billion shillings for KCCA, for trucks, bins, and civic education could achieve. A cleaner Kampala would mean less wandering for us and less embarrassment for you when tourists meet our noble, bald-headed selves. At least then, we would feast in dignity, not after cross-country marathons over scattered rubbish.
  5. Support Community Environmental Heroes.
    Students, youth, schools, churches, and communities are already doing cleanup drives. Support them with grants, incentives, recognition, and encouragement. Empower a new generation of eco-warriors.

Mr. President, we, Marabou Storks are no longer the nuisance you once sought to relocate.
We are living proof that resilience, adaptation, and hard work can co-exist even in a changing, urbanized world.

All we ask now is for you and your government to join wings with us, birds and humans alike to clean up Kampala, to green Uganda, and to create a legacy that future generations will bless you for.

Let us work together, so that Uganda shines not under mounds of waste, but under canopies of trees, rivers flowing freely, and skies where even the humble Kalooli can soar proudly.

Yours sincerely,
The Marabou Storks of Kampala

The writer is a science and health communicator

Davidson Ndyabahika

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