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Mak 70th Grad PhD Citations Session 1, Part 1

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College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES)

 

PARIYO Anthony (RIP)

Resolution of genetic structure for resistance to cassava brown streak disease: germplasm diversity, resistance stability and inheritance patterns.

Mr. PARIYO Anthony (RIP) studied the genetic structure for resistance to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), an acute disease that has for decades limited optimal cassava productivity in eastern and southern Africa, which is incited by cassava brown streak viruses (CBSVs). Lack of information on genetic diversity, stability and the mode of inheritance of resistance to CBSD severely limits efforts tailored towards its control. The study resulted into three principal conclusions to guide future work: 1) low frequency of CBSD resistance alleles in eastern Africa cassava germplasm; 2) different CBSD resistance gene actions for foliar and root plant parts; 3) significant environments effects, with Namulonge located in central region, being the most suitable location for CBSD resistance screening. This study was funded by the world Bank coded Millennium Science Initiative, through Government of Uganda, and was supervised by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Dr. Yona Baguma.

 

ACHORA Janet Cox

Use of Information and Communication Technologies in conservation agriculture knowledge pathways among smallholder farmers in Machakos and Laikipia counties, Kenya

Ms. ACHORA Janet Cox examined the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in conservation agriculture knowledge pathways among smallholder farmers in Machakos and Laikipia counties, Kenya. To suggest ways in which emerging ICTs can be integrated for enhanced conservation agriculture knowledge sharing, the study identified that the fragmented conservation agriculture knowledge network, the minor role of ICT actors in conservation agriculture knowledge sharing, the low integration of ICT tools and ICT capacities of conservation agriculture actors, constrained the optimal use of ICTs in conservation agriculture knowledge sharing. The study established that an integrated ICT knowledge sharing framework could improve and integrate the use of emerging ICTs for conservation agriculture knowledge sharing. This study was self-funded and partly supported by the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM), and was supervised by Dr. Haroon Sseguya and Dr. Florence Birungi Kyazze.

 

BUKUSUBA John

Modelling the impact of stunting on childhood survival in Buhweju District and the cost of its prevention

Mr. BUKUSUBA John studied the risk factors for the high rate of stunting in Buhweju District, and modelled the impact of its reduction on child survival and the cost of interventions required. The study found half of the children under 5 years were stunted and boys were more stunted than girls. Stunting was largely attributed to low coverage of child survival interventions, morbidity, low consumption of animal-source foods, food insecurity, poverty, and lack of knowledge about stunting. The cost for the reduction of stunting was estimated at US$ 21.2 million for the period 2018-2030, necessitating an additional US$ 250,000 per year for scale up. The interventions and costed strategy can be adapted for the 5-year district development plan and the development of a new multi-sectoral nutrition policy and national development plan. This study was funded by Nestlé Foundation, and was supervised by Prof. Archileo N. Kaaya and Dr. Abel Atukwase.

 

BYAKIKA Stellah (Ms)

Studies on the safety of Obushera and probiotic potential of selected lactic acid bacteria

Ms. BYAKIKA Stellah examined the safety of Obushera, a popular fermented cereal-based beverage from Uganda. This was motivated by the increasing uncontrolled commercial production of Obushera which compromises consumer safety. She also evaluated the potential contribution of three lactic acid bacteria isolated from Obushera towards improving product safety and human health. Findings showed presence of virulent, antibiotic-resistant and acid-tolerant Escherichia coli and aflatoxins in some Obushera sold in Kampala. The isolates; Lactobacillus plantarum MNC 21, Lactococcus lactis MNC 24 and Weisella confusa MNC 20 bound aflatoxins, inhibited Escherichia coli and exhibited the potential to reduce blood cholesterol, stimulate insulin release and stabilize heart pressure. Adoption of the isolates in processing of Obushera and related products could improve safety and health. The study was co-funded by Mr. Samuel K. Byakika and the Food Technology and Business Incubation Center, and was supervised by Assoc. Prof. Ivan Muzira Mukisa and Prof. Charles Muyanja.

 

GEBREMEDHN Hailay Mehari

Genetic Resistance to Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi) in Line UG-5

Mr. GEBREMEDHN Hailay Mehari studied the genetic resistance to soybean rust in line UG-5. Soybean rust (SBR) is a devastative foliar diseases causing high yield losses worldwide. In Uganda, a local line UG-5 seems to have unique genes showing potential contribution towards improvement of SBR, but genetic control of its resistance is not yet characterized. The study revealed significant GCA effects and high Baker’s ratio, suggesting the predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of SBR resistance. Three putative QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6, 9 and 18. The QTL detected on chromosome 9 was novel and has not been reported elsewhere. Plant defense signaling pathway-related candidate genes were predicted from the QTLs on chromosomes 9 and 18, which could facilitate efficient MAS and gene pyramiding for the development of durable resistance to SBR. This study was funded by INTRA-ACP Mobility Scheme, and was supervised by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Dr. Tomas L. Odong.

 

KIRYOWA Moses

Resistance spectrum to anthracnose disease and the genetic effect of pyramided genes on yield in common bean

Mr. KIRYOWA Moses determined the pathogenic variability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (fungus causing anthracnose disease); assessed the effectiveness of pyramided resistance genes against anthracnose disease; and determined genetic effect of pyramided genes on yield in beans. C. lindemuthianum was highly variable with 24 new physiological races, worthy of attention. Pyramided genes in the right combination conferred broad-spectrum resistance but with a yield penalty. Some single genes conferred broad-spectrum resistance but may not be durable. The decision to pyramid resistance genes should, therefore be weighed against the threat the pathogen poses. The effective single and pyramided genes are a resource for breeders and pathologists. This study was funded by the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) -Uganda and was supervised by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Dr. Stanley Nkalubo.

 

KUMI Frank

Studies of sorghum resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) disease in Uganda

Mr. KUMI Frank studied the prevalence, distribution and population structure of downy mildew disease in major sorghum growing districts in Uganda. He also characterized Peronosclerospora sorghi isolates which causes downy mildew disease. His study found Arua, Namutumba and Pallisa as downy mildew disease hotspots. In addition, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were the main drivers for downy mildew epidemics. He further screened Uganda sorghum germplasm for sources of resistance to downy mildew disease under different disease pressure. Two parents and seven crosses were identified as good transmitters of resistance to downy mildew disease and are recommended as lines in a sorghum breeding programme targeting downy mildew resistance and yield improvement. This study was funded by Intra-ACP CSAA project and RUFORUM, and supervised by Prof. Patrick Rubaihayo and Dr. Moses Biruma.

 

MIESHO Belay

Genetics of cowpea resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus Fab.)

Mr. MIESHO Belay studied Bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus), which is one of the most destructive insect-pests of cowpea causing significant losses in storage. The study was designed to contribute to the reduction of cowpea storage losses through elucidation of cowpea genetics of resistance to bruchids. Through intensive phenotyping, seed biochemical and inheritance studies, four cowpea genotypes (2419, WC42, TVu-2027and IT84s-2246) resistant to bruchids were identified and recommended as donor parents for cowpea breeding against bruchids. Furthermore, eleven genomic regions and six candidate genes associated with the resistance traits were identified using genome-wide association study which could be used for marker assisted breeding. This study was funded by DAAD and Carnegie through RUFORUM; and University of California through MaRCCI; and was supervised by Prof. Patrick Rubaihayo and Prof. Samuel Kyamanyawa.

 

MSISKA Mercy Ulemu

Genetic resistance to adzuki bean bruchid in soybean

Ms. MSISKA Mercy Ulemu studied the genetic resistance to adzuki bean bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis) in soybean. Utilization of resistant varieties to manage bruchids is obstructed by lack of sources of resistance and information on genetics of inheritance. Msiska’s study established sources, basis and inheritance of resistance to C. chinensis in soybean. Two genotypes; AVRDC G8527 and PI G89 were identified as sources of resistance. High tannins, total antioxidants, peroxidase activity and low flavonoids were biochemicals associated with resistance. Potential parents in breeding for resistance were SREB-15C, S-Line 9.2 and S-Line 13.2A. Crosses of the SREB-15C x S-Line 13.2A and SREB-15C x Maksoy 3N were recommended as start up material for the breeding programme. This study was funded by Intra ACP-CSAA, APPSA and Carnegie Corporation of New York through RUFORUM, and was supervised by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Prof. Samuel Kyamanywa.

 

NATABIRWA Hedwig (Ms)

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) extrusion cooking: process optimization and product evaluation

Ms. NATABIRWA Hedwig researched on extrusion of biofortified common beans, with focus on improving the nutritional quality of expanded starchy snack foods, commonly consumed by children. Her work showed that extruded bean product properties were associated with the bean chemical components, and influenced by the extrusion cooking conditions used. She optimized extrusion conditions, thus producing a bean snack with high protein and iron content, and improved protein digestibility. Her research proved that biofortified common beans can be used to produce highly acceptable and nutritive puffed snacks, thus promoting increased intake of macro- and micro-nutrients. The developed process provides an alternative and economically feasible extrusion processing methodology that can be used by industry for production of nutritious expanded snack products.  The study was funded by the ADB-GOU HEST research corporation through CIAT and supervised by Prof. John H Muyonga and Assoc. Prof. Dorothy Nakimbugwe.

 

NDIRIGUE Jean

Adaptation and genetic analysis of earliness and yield component traits of yam bean (Pachyrhizus Spp.) in Rwanda

Mr. NDIRIGWE Jean studied the adaptation and genetic analysis of earliness and yield component traits of yam bean (Pachyrhizus Spp.) in Rwanda. Yam bean, a high yielding and rich root crop in Latin America and Asia was recently introduced into Rwanda for integration into the diverse farming agro-ecologies and improvement of diets of root crop dependent communities. Ndirigwe’study identified high genetic variability, heritability and significant high general ability, specific ability and their variance components indicating that both additive and non-additive genes control earliness traits and expected genetic gain could be expected in genetic improvement of yam beans introduced. High yielding and well adapted genotypes were AC 209033, AC 209035 and EC209018 and were recommended for participatory farmer’s selection. This study was funded by the Belgium Technical Cooperation, and was supervised by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Prof. Emeritus Patrick Rubaihayo.

 

ONYILO Francis

Functional genetics in ascomycetes Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) the pathogen of black sigatoka disease in banana.

Mr. ONYILO Francis studied Functional Genetics in ascomycetes Pseudocercospora fijiensis (formerly Mycosphaerella fijiensis) the pathogen of black Sigatoka in Banana.  Francis isolated and characterised Mitogen activated protein kinase encoding genes; PfHog1, PfSlt2 and PfFus3 which are responsible for growth and virulence   of Pseudocercospora fijiensis. He developed an RNA interference mediated gene silencing mechanism and an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation procedure to introduce genes into mycelium fragments of Pseudocercospora fijiensis. His research is a step towards developing banana cultivars with resistance to black Sigatoka disease. This will help increase overall banana production. Functional genetic tools developed by Francis can be used to investigate other fungal pathogens example Magnaporthe oryzae of Rice. This Study was funded by Norman Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agricultural Programme University of California Davis USA and Agricultural Biotechnology Support programme II – USAID. His research was conducted under the mentorship of Prof. Bryce Falk and Prof. Ioannis Stergiopoulos. He was supervised by Dr. Tusiime Geoffrey and Dr. Leena Tripathi.

 

OPOLOT Henry Nakelet

Unraveling critical factors for a responsive university-farming community engagement in Uganda: insights from two outreach projects at the School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University

Mr. OPOLOT Henry Nakelet explored factors for development of a systematic long-term engagement framework between universities and farming communities. Findings showed that: the quality of teaching using participatory methods for development of lifelong skills; field attachment duration and appropriateness of host organizations to support practical learning; timely sharing of information; and farmers’ capacity development are critical for enhancing the role of universities on agricultural development. The study recommended strengthening application of participatory teaching methods for students to develop lifelong learning skills, increasing field attachment duration in accredited organizations for enhanced practical learning, integration of ICTs for timely information sharing, and mainstreaming farmer training into outreach activities. The study also suggested introduction of a post-graduation apprenticeship as an avenue for professional skills development and long-term engagement. This study was funded by RUFORUM CARP03 Project, and was supervised by Dr. Prossy Isubikalu & Dr. Bernard Obaa.

 

ORIANGI George

Urban resilience to climate extremes in Mbale municipality in Eastern Uganda

Mr. Oriangi George investigated historic and projected occurrence of precipitation extremes up to the year 2050, assessed factors perceived to be influential in enhancing resilience and proposed and tested a Municipality Resilience Index (MRI) to measure household resilience to precipitation extremes in Mbale municipality. Findings revealed that extreme precipitation periods have become and are likely to become more frequent between September and January. Additionally, household ability to meet its daily expenditure needs, household size, networks with NGOs, health care, education, access to credit and employment showed to be crucial factors in enhancing resilience to precipitation extremes. The MRI revealed that Mbale municipality has a low resilience index (0.2). Thus, contributing to previous studies on community resilience and bear relevance for practitioners to understand where to invest more resources to enhance resilience. This study was funded by SIDA and was supervised by Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze, Dr. Paul Isolo Mukwaya and Prof. Petter Pilesjö.

 

WASUKIRA Arthur

Comparative analysis of genotypic diversity among Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum strains

Mr. WASUKIRA Arthur conducted genome wide association studies on bacterial wilt isolates from banana, ensete and sugarcane from Eastern Africa. Bacterial wilt continues to reduce banana productivity and therefore affect livelihoods. He determined two major clades of bacterial strains within Eastern Africa, sequenced fourteen Xanthomonas strains and identified thirty-two specific candidate genes. The genome assemblies are useful in molecular dating studies, specific genetic markers used in functional, epidemiological and biogeographical research. New breeding technologies use pathogen-derived effectors as molecular probes to identify resistance genes for genetic plant protection. This study contributes to transgenic development of banana bacterial wilt resistance through gene editing. The study was funded by Millennium Science Initiative/NARO, University of Exeter, and was supervised by Dr. Geoffrey Tusiime and Dr. Jerome Kubiriba.

 

Please click the links below to navigate to the PhD Citations for the respective Sessions.

< Director’s Message | Session 1: Part1: Part2 : Part3 | Session 2 | Session 3 | Session 4 >

#Mak70thGrad

Mark Wamai

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Makerere Hosts EU Uganda Research and Study Fair

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Hon. Dr. J.C. Muyingo, Prof. Sarah Ssali and H.E. Jan Sadek (Centre) with Heads of Missions and other representatives at the Fair on 8th October 2026. European Union-Uganda Research and Study Fair, 8th October 2026, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Today 8th October 2026, Makerere University has hosted the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair 2026, bringing together government officials, European Union representatives, researchers, academics, students, and young professionals to explore opportunities in education, research, innovation, and international collaboration.

The fair also marked 50 years of partnership between Uganda and the European Union, providing a platform for participants to learn about scholarships, research funding, exchange programmes, fellowships and opportunities for collaboration with European institutions.

Officially opening the fair, Acting Minister of Education and Sports Hon. Dr. John Chrysostom Muyingo commended the European Union, its member states, Makerere University and other partners for organising the event, describing international cooperation as important to Uganda’s education and research agenda.

Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo speaks at the Uganda EU Research and Study Fair at Makerere University.

The Minister said Uganda’s young population presents a significant opportunity for national development if supported with the right investments in education, skills, creativity, research, innovation and entrepreneurship.

He encouraged universities and research institutions to strengthen links between education, research, innovation and the world of work, noting that research should not only generate academic knowledge but also contribute to policies, technologies and practical solutions to national challenges.

Dr. Muyingo also encouraged students and young professionals to engage with the European Union, its member states and alumni to understand the opportunities available and prepare themselves for future applications.

Makerere highlights value of partnership

The Acting (Ag.) Vice Chancellor and Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), Makerere University, Prof. Sarah Ssali said the fair provided an important platform for bringing education, research, innovation and international cooperation together.

She noted that the event was particularly significant as Uganda and the European Union celebrate five decades of partnership, with Makerere’s relationships with some European institutions extending even beyond 50 years.

Prof. Sarah Ssali (left), EU Ambassador to Uganda Jan Sadek (centre), and Acting Minister of Education and Sports Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo tour exhibition stands during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair at Makerere University. European Union-Uganda Research and Study Fair, 8th October 2026, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Sarah Ssali (left), EU Ambassador to Uganda Jan Sadek (centre), and Acting Minister of Education and Sports Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo tour exhibition stands during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair at Makerere University.

Prof. Ssali said the partnerships have supported education, research, skills development, innovation, institutional strengthening and human capital development, creating opportunities for Ugandans to acquire knowledge and skills, conduct research and establish international networks.

She called for the next chapter of the partnership to place knowledge, research, innovation, technology and young people at the centre.

“Research needs to move beyond publication of research, to influence policy, improve practice, create products and services, strengthen communities and contribute to the economic development of our country,” she said.

The Ag. Vice Chancellor and Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs Academic Prof. Sarah Ssali

Prof. Ssali also encouraged participants to explore opportunities for scholarships, research, exchange programmes, doctoral studies, joint research and fellowships available through European partnerships.

She said the ultimate value of international education and research partnerships lies in how knowledge, skills, networks and technologies acquired through such opportunities contribute to Uganda’s development.

Human Response programme strengthens partnerships

The fair also showcased Makerere’s partnerships through programmes such as the Humanitarian Response, Health and Displacement Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Programme (Human Response).

Dr. Justus Twesigye, the Dean, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University and Co-Principal Investigator of Human Response, explained that the programme has created partnerships between Makerere and universities in Europe and Africa.

Dr. Justus Twesigye

These include the University Institute of Lisbon in Portugal, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University of Athens in Greece, University of Cape Verde and University of Rovuma in Mozambique, alongside associate partners including the Uganda Red Cross Society, Allied Uganda, Refugee Led Organisation Network and the Ministry of Water and Environment.

Twesigye said the partnerships have introduced new approaches to teaching and learning by involving practitioners directly in training and giving students opportunities for concurrent field practice.

He noted that organisations such as the Uganda Red Cross Society have participated in delivering classes, while students also gain practical experience in the field before returning to class for reflective learning.

Part of the audience at the Uganda-EU Research and Study Fair at Freedom Square, Makerere University

The programme is also promoting joint research between academics and practitioners, moving away from approaches where researchers and practitioners work separately.

CEES project supports competence based education

The College of Education and External Studies (CEES) also presented an EU supported project aimed at helping higher education institutions and regulators transition to competence based education.

Prof. William Tayebwa briefs Acting Minister of Education and Sports Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo as EU Ambassador to Uganda Jan Sadek and Prof. Robert Wamala look on during a tour of exhibition stands.

Assoc. Prof. Josephine Esaete, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education, said the project brings together nine partners from Uganda, West Africa and Europe.

She explained that the project seeks to strengthen the capacity of universities and higher education regulators in designing competence based curricula, teaching, assessment, monitoring and evaluation.

Makerere University is coordinating the four year project, with Mountains of the Moon University among the Ugandan partners.

Assoc. Prof. Esaete said the project is timely as universities work towards transitioning their programmes and curricula to competence-based education.

The project also seeks to strengthen collaboration between higher education institutions and industry so that students can acquire skills relevant to the world of work.

Fair creates opportunities for students and researchers

The exhibition brought together different EU supported research projects, academic programmes and institutional partnerships, allowing students, researchers and other participants to interact directly with project teams and representatives of European institutions.

The fair also provided opportunities for participants to learn from Makerere alumni who have benefited from international study and research opportunities.

Stella Kakeeto interacts with students during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair

Prof. Ssali urged participants to use the opportunity to “engage, explore, connect, and discover” new possibilities while encouraging young people to dream boldly, seek knowledge, build networks and use what they learn to contribute to Uganda’s transformation.

Take ownership of your future

Officially closing the fair, the Director, Research Innovations and Partnerships (DRIP), Prof. Robert Wamala urged the students and young professionals who had participated in the fair to take ownership of their future because the Fair had shown that opportunities are real.

“Do not be afraid to ask questions, do not be afraid to apply, do not be discouraged by your first unsuccessful application, build your academic profile, build your research skills, build your networks, and remain curious”, Prof. Wamala encouraged.

Prof. Robert Wamala (3rd R) with other officials at the closing ceremony. European Union-Uganda Research and Study Fair, 8th October 2026, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Robert Wamala (3rd R) with other officials at the closing ceremony.

On behalf of Makerere University, he sincerely appreciated Team Europe, the European Union and its Member States in Uganda, for organising this important Fair and the Ag. Minister, Hon. Dr. J.C. Muyingo for presiding over the event and reiterating the Ministry’s commitment to strengthening education, research and international cooperation.

“At Makerere University, the Directorate of Research, Innovations and Partnerships remains ready to work with our European partners, the Ministry, researchers, students and other stakeholders to help translate the opportunities identified today into meaningful collaborations and outcomes” Prof. Wamala reassured.

The fair reaffirmed Makerere University‘s commitment to strengthening international partnerships that support research, innovation, human capital development and national transformation.

Allan Ainematsiko

Bachelors of Journalism and Communication

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Action Taken on Allegations Against Dr. Faisal Buyinza

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An older photo of the Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda as seen from across the Freedom Square. Date taken: 22nd October 2012. Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Further to the University’s statement of 1st October 2026, I write to inform the University community of the specific action Management has taken on the allegations against Dr. Faisal Buyinza, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Economic Theory and Analysis, College of Business and Management Sciences.

Management notes with deep concern the serious allegations made against a senior member of our academic staff, and the strong feelings this matter has raised among our students, staff, alumni and the wider public. We share that concern. We also recognise the courage it takes for anyone to speak about experiences of harassment or violence, and we assure everyone who has come forward, or who may yet do so, that they will be heard.

Makerere University does not tolerate sexual harassment, abuse of authority or gender-based violence in any form. Some of the matters now raised were the subject of police investigations and criminal proceedings between 2011 and 2014. Irrespective of those proceedings, the University has its own duty, under its Policy and Regulations against Sexual Harassment, its Safeguarding Policy and its Human Resources Manual, to establish the facts in this matter and to act on them.

Management has therefore taken the following steps:

1. Investigation Committee

I have appointed a Committee to investigate the allegations. The Committee is constituted as follows:

  1. Eng. Assoc. Prof. Dorothy K. Okello, Dean, School of Engineering, CEDAT – Chairperson
  2. Prof. Engineer Bainomugisha, Principal, College of Computing and Information Sciences – Member
  3. Dr. Christine Mbabazi Mpyangu, Department of Religion and Peace Studies, CHUSS – Member
  4. Ms. Sumaiyah Nanyondo Sebuta, Legal Advisor – Member
  5. Dr. Joelia Nasaka, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, CoVAB – Member
  6. Mr. Deus T. Mujuni, Chief Human Resource Officer – Secretary

The Committee will hear every complainant and witness, and will give Dr. Buyinza the full opportunity to respond to each allegation, in accordance with the principles of natural justice. It is required to submit its report to the Vice Chancellor not later than Friday, 6th November 2026.

2. Stepping Aside from Leadership

With immediate effect and for the duration of the investigation, Dr. Buyinza has been directed to step aside from the headship of the Department of Economic Theory and Analysis and from any other leadership or administrative position he holds in the University. The Dean, School of Economics, will oversee the Department in the interim. Dr. Buyinza has also been directed not to contact, influence or interfere with any complainant or witness.

These are administrative measures to protect the integrity of the investigation and those who take part in it. They are not a disciplinary sanction and are not a finding of guilt. The University will not pre-judge the outcome. Should the Committee find that there is a case to answer, the matter will proceed to the Appointments Board, where Dr. Buyinza will be accorded a fair hearing in accordance with University procedures. The University will inform the community of the outcome of this process.

3. Submissions and Protection from Retaliation

Management encourages all complainants, and anyone with information relevant to this matter, to come forward and make submissions to the Committee.The Secretary to the Committee will shortly communicate the email address and telephone numbers through which submissions may be made. All information will be handled in strict confidence, and the Committee has been directed to protect the confidentiality, safety and dignity of everyone who comes forward.

The University guarantees that anyone who takes part in, or provides information to, this process will be protected from intimidation, victimisation or retaliation. I also appeal to all members of the University community to engage on this matter responsibly, including on social media, and to avoid comments that could expose complainants, intimidate witnesses or prejudice a fair process.

The safety and dignity of every member of our community is not negotiable. I thank you for your support and cooperation as we see this process through fairly, thoroughly and without delay.

Professor Sarah N. Ssali
Ag. VICE CHANCELLOR

Access the official circular below:

Mak Editor

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Timothy Khabusi: From Barefoot Walks to shaping Uganda’s Eye health Future

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Mr. Buteera and Khabusi during the interview recently. Impact Stories: Timothy Khabusi, Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program alumnus, optometrist, researcher, programmer, and eye health entrepreneur, on an ambitious mission to improve eye health in Uganda, October 2026, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Before becoming an optometrist, researcher, programmer, and eye health entrepreneur, Timothy Khabusi walked barefoot to school along rough roads in Manafwa District, Eastern Uganda. For most of his primary school years, Timothy walked more than nine kilometres each day from his home to Bubulo Mixed Primary School in Manafwa District.

He would leave home at about 6:00 a.m., walk to the highway, and join other children on their way to school. On the murram road, sharp stones pressed into his feet. When the rains came, he sometimes arrived at school completely drenched. Occasionally, a truck carrying market vendors would stop and offer them a lift. “Those were few lucky days,” Timothy recalls.

At the time, however, Timothy did not see his life as unusual. It was simply how life was for many children in his village. What he did not yet know was that those long walks were helping shape a determination that would eventually take him from rural Manafwa to Makerere University and, later, the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

Timothy Khabusi is the sixth of eight children (5 boys and 3 girls). His father, 68, a retired primary school teacher, and his mother, 60, a small retail shop owner, had limited resources but were determined to give their eight children opportunities they had not enjoyed themselves.

The family tried several ways to make ends meet. His mother ran a small local brew joint, selling malwa, a traditional fermented cereal drink. When Timothy was about ten, the family closed the malwa joint and moved on, first trying farming and later, in 2009, opening a small retail kiosk with money earned from selling a small coffee harvest.

The family kiosk changed things. Timothy started taking snacks to school and also began developing an interest in business. He sold sugarcane and later teamed up with his younger brother, Mark, to make mandazi, a popular delicacy among schoolchildren.

Behind these modest ventures were sacrifices his parents made for their children’s education and health. His father took loans to support the family through school, while both parents repeatedly emphasised the importance of education.

Timothy’s own academic journey was far from perfect.

At rural Bubulo Primary School, Timothy performed very well and earned a place at one of the best secondary schools in Eastern Uganda, Mbale Senior Secondary School, in Mbale city.

At Mbale Secondary School, he became a strong academic performer and earned a renewable merit-based bursary that covered most of his school fees. Mr Mabaku, his Mathematics teacher, taught him to connect classroom concepts to real-life problems—a way of thinking that would later shape his interest in technology and programming.

Then came a setback.

Timothy’s A-level results (15 points in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics) were far lower than he had expected. For someone who had always seen himself as a top student, the outcome was deeply disappointing, and he missed out on the much-coveted government scholarship. He even wondered whether university was still possible. He considered repeating his A-levels but instead applied to Makerere University on private sponsorship. He was admitted to study Optometry, although he had initially wanted to pursue Medicine and Surgery.

Khabusi Timothy, during his time at the Scholars Program. Impact Stories: Timothy Khabusi, Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program alumnus, optometrist, researcher, programmer, and eye health entrepreneur, on an ambitious mission to improve eye health in Uganda, October 2026, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Khabusi Timothy, during his time at the Scholars Program.

Then came the opportunity that changed everything.

In 2017, Timothy became a Mastercard Foundation Scholar at Makerere University, receiving support that enabled him to continue his university education. The financial uncertainty that had threatened his university education was resolved. What initially felt like failure became an opportunity that redirected him towards a field he had not planned to enter. Through optometry, he discovered a profession that linked clinical care with science, technology, research and public health.

His career journey after graduation.

After graduating from Makerere University in January 2022, Timothy set out to fulfil his ambitious mission to improve eye health in Uganda. His career began far from his village home in Manafwa: he started at a private clinic in Arua town, West Nile, hundreds of kilometres from Manafwa in Eastern Uganda. Asked why he didn’t find a job in Kampala, as most of his peers did, Timothy quickly explained that his mission is to provide the best eye health care to communities with limited access to these services.

After working for one year in Arua, he returned to Kampala. He first worked at Dr. Agarwal’s Eye Hospital from 2023 to 2025, then moved to Med-Optics, another popular eye clinic in Kampala. In February 2026, he opened his own eye clinic, Khabusi Vision Care Centre, a modern optometry centre dedicated to providing eye care services at subsidised rates to individuals and families who may face financial barriers to accessing these services.

Khabusi Timothy on his graduation day in 2022. Impact Stories: Timothy Khabusi, Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program alumnus, optometrist, researcher, programmer, and eye health entrepreneur, on an ambitious mission to improve eye health in Uganda, October 2026, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Khabusi Timothy on his graduation day in 2022.

His leadership journey

For Timothy, leadership is not about collecting titles. At Mbale Senior Secondary School, he led the Science Club, organising seminars and holiday revision programmes. At Makerere, he served as a minister at the College of Health Sciences and as a leader in the Optometry Students’ Association. Those experiences shaped a simple philosophy: leadership means seeing what needs improvement, taking responsibility, and bringing others along.

That philosophy now drives his ambitions for Khabusi Vision Care. In the coming years, he aims to strengthen the organisation’s clinical, public health, digital and research work. His longer-term vision is to build a major Ugandan eye health organisation with branches across the country, comprehensive services, research programmes and locally developed diagnostic and ophthalmic technologies.

Impact in the community

Asked about his impact in the community, Timothy quickly pointed to the number of patients whose sight he has helped restore at a modest cost they otherwise couldn’t have afforded.

“I am proud to have treated more than 10,000 patients and enabled them to see better since I began my optometry practice in 2022. Among the patients, I vividly remember a police woman who was on the verge of going completely blind due to a misdiagnosis she had received at different facilities she had visited in Kampala, until she came to Khabusi Vision Care Centre in Kyanja, where I was able to help correct the optical issue she was grappling with.” Timothy proudly states.

Khabusi Timothy examining one his patients at his eye clinic. Impact Stories: Timothy Khabusi, Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program alumnus, optometrist, researcher, programmer, and eye health entrepreneur, on an ambitious mission to improve eye health in Uganda, October 2026, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Khabusi Timothy examining one his patients at his eye clinic.

Timothy further enumerates the number of young people he has mentored and continues to mentor in optometry. He also offers graduate internships at his clinic and employs five young people as permanent staff. He also conducts regular community outreach activities, offering free eye check-ups in the community and subsidised treatment for those who need it.

A word to the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Community

Timothy expressed his gratitude to the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program and Makerere University for giving him the opportunity to pursue a quality university education at a time when he had lost hope of attending university after failing to secure a government scholarship.

“I am forever grateful to Mastercard Foundation and Makerere University for giving me a scholarship that changed my whole life; without the scholarship, I would not have been able to afford the university fees; therefore, I wouldn’t have become what I am today,” Timothy points out.

Asked what advice he would give to current Mastercard Foundation Scholars, Timothy urges them to take advantage of the additional skilling and development programmes the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program offers.

“I urge my young brothers and sisters on the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program currently to take the capacity-building training the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program offers; it is what will give you an advantage over others in the job market,” Timothy advises.  

Looking ahead

Beyond healthcare, Timothy is a writer, programmer, and researcher. He has published “From the Slopes of Mount Elgon”, a novel about a young girl who confronts poverty and betrayal while pursuing education and dignity. Timothy’s story is not a straightforward journey from challenge to success. It is about unexpected turns: the barefoot walks, the disappointing A-level results, the unexpected scholarship, and the career he never originally intended to pursue. His advice to young people comes from that experience: one disappointing result or difficult season need not decide the rest of your life. Sometimes, you have to keep walking.

“Keep learning, keep improving, and when opportunity comes, use it—not only to change your own life, but to create opportunities for others,” Timothy advises.

Timothy is now pursuing a Master’s degree in Patient Safety and Clinical Human Factors at the University of Edinburgh. The programme has reshaped his approach to healthcare. Rather than focusing solely on individual mistakes, he examines the systems that allow failures to occur and how to redesign them to improve patient safety.

Bernard Buteera

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