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Small but mighty: Championing Uganda’s silver fish

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In Uganda, low-income groups and individuals cannot afford larger and popular types of fish, such as Nile Perch and Tilapia – meaning they miss out on a crucial source of nutrients. The solution? Embracing an overlooked variety that’s little in size but packs a big punch: silver fish, or ‘Mukene’.    

This small, finger-sized fish species is one of the three main pelagic varieties found in Ugandan waters. However, it has mostly been ignored, and only eaten by poor families or used by animal feed processors in chicken, dog or pig food.   

For 20 years, Charles Kyeswa fished on Lake Victoria at the Kiyindi landing site without appreciating the true value of this small fish. “We used to handle this fish like dirt,” he said. “We just poured it on the boat and stepped on it. At the landing site, we threw it on the ground for women to buy and carry away for drying.”   

Poor handling resulted in the fish being mixed with sand and animal droppings, or it being stepped on or eaten by birds. Furthermore, insufficient storage facilities saw most silver fish laid out on plain cement in unventilated rooms once they were landed. This caused them to change colour, from silver to brown or grey, and the resulting bad smell, taste and appearance affected the market price and deterred many people from eating it. “I could not imagine Mukene in my mouth,” explained Enyou Peter, a fisherman at Lake Victoria’s Kikondo landing site.   

Catching the next wave    

Widespread nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in Uganda’s poor communities, especially among women of reproductive age and children under five years. To help address this problem, IDRC and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, through their Cultivate Africa’s Future Fund (CultiAF) program, awarded funds to a consortium of researchers to work with fish value-chain actors to implement the ‘NutriFish’ project.    

The partnership, which began in April 2019, involves the Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences at the College of Natural Sciences at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda’s National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Nutreal Uganda Limited, and McGill University in Canada. The researchers aimed to find ways to reduce post-harvest losses of Mukene, increase product quality, safety and accessibility, and improve the nutritional value of the fish.     

The project looked at various improved post-harvest and processing technologies. “The first technology we promoted was simple plastic containers to reduce losses during fishing. Instead of piling the fish in stacks, every catch is put in a separate container which has the ability to let out water, thus reducing the spoilage that takes place if all the fish is stacked in one large container,” explained Jackson Efitre, NutriFish principal investigator. The project has also encouraged fishermen to use salt to preserve their catch and further reduce spoilage.     

For processors, the project introduced solar tent drier technology to reduce losses. This is particularly important during the wet season when there is insufficient sunshine to fully air-dry the fish. The solar tent drier is a greenhouse-like structure constructed from wooden poles and covered with ultra-violet-treated polythene. “It helps avoid waste during the rainy season, and improves the fish quality because it is no longer exposed to contaminants,” Efitre revealed. “Above all, we have seen the price of solar-dried fish increase dramatically; processors now earn twice the amount per kg compared to open sun-dried fish.”   

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Call for Applications: Masters Student Mobility to Norway 2025

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Makerere University (MAK) in collaboration with Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) and Regional Universities Forum (for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) are implementing a five-year CoSTClim project (Collaborative Action for Strengthening Training Capacities in Climate Risk and Natural Resource management). The main goal of the project is to improve the quality of training, education and research at the partner institutions with a dedicated focus on climate risk, disaster risk management and natural resource management. CoSTClim builds on a range of other capacity development projects funded by the Norwegian Government at the partner institutions, and has a specific focus on education.

One of the components of CoSTClim is student mobility from Uganda to Norway and from Norway to Uganda. Therefore, we are inviting applicants from Makerere University and Uganda Martyrs University for Masters student mobility scholarships to NTNU for the Autumn semester in 2025. There are five mobility scholarship slots available for this year. The scholarship will cover 5 months (August-December 2025) stay at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. The successful candidates can enroll in selected course units at NTNU as well as leveraging the stay to write their master’s thesis. The width and breadth of available course units from which the candidates can select are found: https://www.ntnu.edu/geography/exchange-students.

Limited research supervision will also be given by NTNU staff but the primary supervision responsibility stays with the allocated supervisors at Makerere University or Uganda Martyrs University.

Application procedure is in the document below. The deadline is Friday 28th February 2025.

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Natural Sciences

75th Graduation Ceremony: CoNAS Presents Best Performing Student in the Sciences

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AR-Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (4th L) and Chair Convocation-Mr. George Turyamureeba (3rd L) present the Award to Mubiru (C) as his parents (3rd & 4th R) as well as CoNAS Principal-Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta (2nd R) and College Leadership witness. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University Convocation has honored Mubiru Enock Joel with an award in recognition of his outstanding academic performance. Mubiru, who graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Physics, scored a CGPA of 4.91, making him the best student in the sciences at Makerere University this year. The award, which included a plaque and a cheque of UGX1 million, was presented to him by the Chair of the Convocation on January 14, 2025, the second day of the 75th graduation ceremony.

Min. Kaducu representing the Minister of Education. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 1, CoCIS, CEES, CoVAB and School of Law. 13th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Minister of State for Primary Education Hon. Dr. Joyce Moriku Kaducu represented the Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni.

Overall, the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) presented 310 students for the award of degrees of Makerere University at the 75th graduation ceremony.  Of these, 14 graduated with PhD (5 female 9 male), 36 MSc (10 female and 26 male) and 260 BSc (113 female and 147 male).

In the course of the 75th graduation ceremony that started on 13th January and will end on 17th January 2025, a total of 13,662 graduands will receive degrees and diplomas of Makerere University.

 Of these, 143 will graduate with PhDs, 1,813 with Masters degrees, 11,454 with Bachelor’s degrees and 243 with postgraduate diplomas. 53 % of the graduands are female and 47% are male. 44% of the PhD graduands are female. A total of 491 graduands will receive first class degrees. 16% of the students will be graduating with post-graduate degrees and diplomas.

The Chancellor, Dr. Crispus Kiyonga delivering his remarks. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Chancellor, Dr. Crispus Kiyonga delivering his remarks.

Chancellor’s Address

In his address, Makerere University Chancellor Dr. Chrispus Kiyonga congratulated the graduands on their success and expressed appreciation for the support provided by the lecturers, administrators, parents, and guardians. He emphasized that the success of the university is a collective effort, appreciating the faculty and University Council for their critical roles in delivering quality education.

Dr. Kiyonga also extended his gratitude to the President of Uganda, H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Tibuhaburwa Museveni, and the NRM government for their invaluable financial support to Makerere University. The Government has so far allocated UGX30 billion to Makerere University through the Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF).

Some of the graduates from CoNAS at the ceremony. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the graduates from CoNAS at the ceremony.

Looking to the future, Dr. Kiyonga encouraged the University to increase its outreach programmes, particularly in the agricultural sector. He proposed collaborations with medium- to large-scale farmers, where students could gain hands-on experience while also assisting farmers in local communities. He also advocated for stronger partnerships with the private sector to support the commercialization of innovations emerging from Makerere University.

Furthermore, the Chancellor highlighted the President’s directive to teach Political Economy to all university students. He stressed the importance of transforming Africa through the strategic utilization of its resources and emphasized the value of political economy knowledge in this process.

The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe commended CoNAS for its ground-breaking research and contribution to the development of Mathematics in the E. A Region. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 1, CoCIS, CEES, CoVAB and School of Law. 13th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe commended CoNAS for its ground-breaking research and contribution to the development of Mathematics in the E. A Region.

Vice Chancellor’s Address

In his remarks, Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe congratulated the graduands and expressed deep appreciation for the unwavering commitment of the teaching staff, administrators, parents, and guardians. He also welcomed the Chancellor, Dr. Chrispus Kiyonga, emphasizing that his vast experience would be an asset to the institution.

Prof. Nawangwe acknowledged the College of Natural Sciences for providing foundational training for all the other science-based disciplines at the University. He also commended the College for its ground-breaking research and contribution to the development of mathematics in the region. “The College of Natural Sciences is unique because it handles all the foundation disciplines for all the other science-based disciplines. But apart from the basic sciences, the College provides training and conducts research in critical applied science disciplines, including geology and petroleum studies, industrial chemistry, and others. The College is central in the development of mathematics in the East and Central Africa region and it has also taken the initiative to investigate the problem of poor performance in biology by secondary school students,” the Vice Chancellor noted.

He encouraged the graduands to seize every opportunity and to consider starting their own enterprises, using the knowledge and skills they have acquired during their studies. “Do not despair if you cannot find employment. Instead, reflect on the immense opportunities around you and consider entrepreneurship as a path to success,” he urged.

The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta presenting PhD graduates from CoNAS. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta presenting PhD graduates from CoNAS.
Some of the PhD graduates from CoNAS. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the PhD graduates from CoNAS.

Message from the Minister of Education and Sports

On behalf of the First Lady and Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni, the Minister of State for Primary Education, Hon. Dr. Joyce Moriku Kaducu, congratulated the graduates and thanked the university for its commitment to excellence in education and research. She emphasized the transformative power of higher education and praised Makerere University for its contribution to the nation’s development.

She also expressed gratitude to the parents and guardians, acknowledging their critical role in the success of the students. “Your support has played an integral part in making this achievement possible,” she said.

Prof. Puleng LenkaBula, Vice Chancellor of the University of South Africa delivering her commencement lecture. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 1, CoCIS, CEES, CoVAB and School of Law. 13th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Puleng LenkaBula, Vice Chancellor of the University of South Africa delivering her commencement lecture.

Commencement lecture by Prof. Puleng LenkaBula

In her commencement lecture, Prof. Puleng LenkaBula, Vice Chancellor of the University of South Africa, expressed gratitude for the support that Makerere University and Uganda provided in the fight against apartheid. She encouraged the graduands to use the knowledge acquired to address the continent’s challenges, particularly in the transformation of Africa and the empowerment of women. Prof. LenkaBula called for greater collaboration among African intellectuals to create a better future for the continent, particularly through research that directly benefits communities.

Mubiru with his parents after receiving the award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mubiru with his parents after receiving the award.
Dr Kirenga receiving her PhD Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Kirenga receiving her PhD Award.
Dr Joan Nakajigo, the first PhD graduate in Petroleum Geosciences at Makerere University. Dr Nakajigo teaches in the Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies at CoNAS, Makerere University. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Joan Nakajigo, the first PhD graduate in Petroleum Geosciences at Makerere University. Dr Nakajigo teaches in the Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies at CoNAS, Makerere University.

Research Excellence and Teacher Recognition

At the ceremony, Makerere University recognized outstanding researchers and educators from CoNAS. The Senior Researcher Award was presented to Assoc. Prof. Juma Kasozi (Department of Mathematics), Assoc. Prof. Charles Masembe (Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences), and Dr. Jamilu Ssenku (Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology). The Mid-Career Researcher Award went to Dr. Julius Mulindwa (Department of Biochemistry), Dr. Patience Tugume (Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology), and Dr. Patrick Ssebugere (Department of Chemistry), while Dr. Omara Timothy (Department of Chemistry), Dr. Mukiibi Ssewannyaga Ivan (Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies), and Dr. Sadik Mustafa Abubakar (Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology) were recognized as the best Early Career Researchers. In addition, Prof. Ann Akol (Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences), Dr. Sadik Mustafa Abubakar, and Dr. Kalega Peggy (Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies) were honoured as the best teachers of the year from CoNAS.

Dr. Mukiibi Ssewannyaga Ivan received the Early Career Researchers Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Mukiibi Ssewannyaga Ivan received the Early Career Researchers Award.
Dr Sadik Abubakar Mustafa received the Early Career Researcher and Best Teacher Awards. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Sadik Abubakar Mustafa received the Early Career Researcher and Best Teacher Awards.
Dr Julius Mulindwa scooped the Mid-Career Researchers Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Julius Mulindwa scooped the Mid-Career Researchers Award.
Dr Patience Tugume also received the Mid-Career Researchers Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Patience Tugume also received the Mid-Career Researchers Award.
Dr Patrick Ssebugere got the Mid-Career Researchers Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Patrick Ssebugere got the Mid-Career Researchers Award.
Dr. Kalega Peggy received the Best Teacher Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Kalega Peggy received the Best Teacher Award.
Prof. Ann Akol recognized among the best teachers at CoNAS. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Ann Akol recognized among the best teachers at CoNAS.
Prof. Juma Kasozi received the Senior Researchers Award. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Juma Kasozi received the Senior Researchers Award.
Dr Jamilu Ssenku recognized as one of the best Senior Researchers. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 2, CoBAMS, CHS and CoNAS. 14th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Jamilu Ssenku recognized as one of the best Senior Researchers.

Transcripts and Certificates

Graduates who participated in today’s ceremony can collect their transcripts from their respective colleges.

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Hasifa Kabejja

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Natural Sciences

Meet Mubiru Enock Joel: Makerere University’s Top Performing Science Student of the Year

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Mubiru Enock Joel, top-performing student in the Sciences of the 75th Graduation Ceremony from the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS). Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Mubiru Enock Joel, a student from the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), is set to be among the thousands of graduates at Makerere University’s 75th graduation ceremony, scheduled for January 13–17, 2025. He will graduate on Tuesday, January 14, 2025, as the top-performing student in the sciences.

Early Life and Education Journey

Born in 2001 to Mr. Nsubuga Francis and Ms. Nambejja Lydia of Luwafu, Makindye Division, Kampala District, Mubiru’s educational journey began at Canan Primary School in Makindye. He then attended Kabale Ssanje Secondary School in Kyotera District, where he completed his O’ and A’ Level education. At A’ Level, Mubiru excelled in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, earning an impressive 17 points. This achievement secured him a government scholarship to pursue a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics and Physics at Makerere University.

Despite coming from a humble background, Mubiru’s determination to succeed never wavered. His academic excellence earned him various bursaries, which relieved his parents from the financial burden of school fees. In fact, his parents stopped paying fees when he was in lower primary, as his academic performance ensured he remained well-supported.

Academic Achievements

Mubiru will graduate with a remarkable CGPA of 4.91 in his Bachelor of Science (Mathematics and Physics) degree, making him the top-performing student in the sciences at Makerere University this year. His dedication and hard work have paid off, placing him at the forefront of his cohort.

He attributes much of his success to the mentorship and guidance he received from his lecturers, particularly Dr. Saul Nsubuga, a lecturer in the Department of Mathematics at CoNAS. Dr. Nsubuga played a pivotal role in Mubiru’s academic and personal growth, providing valuable mentorship and treating him like a son. Dr. Nsubuga also connected him to various opportunities, including his current role at Xeno Investment, where Mubiru has been working as an Operations Analyst since completing his studies in June 2024. In addition, Mubiru offers mathematics tutorials to students from countries such as Uganda, the USA, Italy, and Northern Cyprus.

Gratitude and Future Goals

Mubiru is deeply grateful to his parents for their unwavering support throughout his academic journey. He also expresses his appreciation for the management of CoNAS and Makerere University for creating an environment that facilitated his academic success.

Looking ahead, Mubiru’s immediate goal is to pursue a Master’s degree and a PhD in Mathematics. In the long term, he aims to teach mathematics at various educational levels. Given the dynamic nature of the data science industry, he also hopes to establish one of the most prominent data analytics firms in Uganda.

Advice for Fellow Students

Mubiru believes that excelling in any field requires focus and commitment. Throughout his undergraduate studies, he always set out to be the best, and his efforts have been recognized. His success tips include actively engaging in discussions, regularly consulting with teachers, and dedicating sufficient time to revision. He encourages fellow students at Makerere University to focus from their first year and to actively participate in academic discussions if they aspire to excel.

Appeal for Improved Infrastructure

Given the large number of students at the university, Mubiru appeals to the University Management to invest in improving the learning infrastructure to further support the academic success of all students.

We congratulate Mubiru upon this great success and wish him the best in his future endeavours.

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Hasifa Kabejja

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