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Prof. Elly N. Sabiiti Delivers Valedictory Lecture to CAES Community, Recounts His 43-year Experience at Mak

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Theme of the Lecture: “My Inspirational Academic Track Service at Makerere University: A Case for CAES”

After 43 years of dedicated service to Makerere University, Prof. Elly N. Sabiiti, a prolific researcher and internationally recognized scholar, currently working at Busitema University–Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, retired from university service in 2021. On 2nd September 2022, Prof. Sabiiti, in company of his wife Joy Sabiiti delivered a valedictory lecture to staff at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University. The lecture organized by the Office of the Principal, CAES and held in the Conference Hall at the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering focused on his experiences, achievements, challenges, and strategies that enabled CAES to evolve from a Faculty to one of the most celebrated Colleges at the University. He specifically spoke about his career development in terms of teaching, research, graduate supervision, leadership, resource mobilization, representation on professional bodies, and outreach services, before sharing his thoughts for CAES to grow to higher levels and excel in Agricultural and environmental Sciences.

The Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga welcomes members of staff to the lecture.
The Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga welcomes members of staff to the lecture.

Addressing members of staff, Prof. Sabiiti noted that he was happy to be delivering his Valedictory Lecture at the time Makerere University is celebrating 100 years of existence and excellence.  He appreciated Makerere University Management for providing a conducive environment and facilities that enabled him to excel to become an international professor. He equally appreciated all development partners who supported his academic journey. Having joined Makerere University in 1973 as an undergraduate student, Prof. Sabiiti rose through the ranks to become a professor in 1998. During his time at Makerere, Prof. Sabiiti served in various capacities and made enormous contribution towards the development of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) and Makerere in general. At the time of his retirement, he was serving as a Professor in the Department of Agricultural Production at CAES.

Dr. Johnbaptist Tumuhairwe, Dean School of Agricultural Sciences presenting Prof. Elly Sabiiti's profile before the Valedictory Lecture.
Dr. Johnbaptist Tumuhairwe, Dean School of Agricultural Sciences presenting Prof. Elly Sabiiti’s profile before the Valedictory Lecture.

Academic contributions

At Makerere, Prof. Sabiiti had an illustrious career. He developed and taught several undergraduate and graduate courses namely; Undergraduate – Pasture Agronomy, Plant Genetic Resources and Utilization (developed), Seed Science and Technology (developed), Forest Fire Ecology, Agricultural Botany, Ecology and Crop Practical Skills. Graduate courses developed and taught by Prof. Sabiiti included Agronomy of Grasslands, Eco-physiology (developed), Seed Science and Technology (developed), and Plant Genetic Resources and Utilization. He played a key role in the transformation of the Agricultural Husbandry Forum to a Regional Forum based at Makerere University. He established collaboration at local and global levels with various institutions such as Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ILCA, AFRINET, ICRAF, NARO, ASARECA and this improved visibility of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry. Prof. Sabiiti supervised 33 graduate students, 26 MSc and 7 PhDs and had over 150 publications by the time he retired. He supervised and supported several members of staff to attain doctorates and to raise through the ranks to become senior lecturers and associate professors. These include, Dr Denis Mpairwe, an Assoc. Prof and former Head, Department of Agricultural Production; Dr Justine Kasozi Nambi, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Production; Dr C Katongole, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Production, and Coordinator Centre for Waste Management; Dr Sylvester Katuromunda, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Production; Dr Jeninah Karungi-Tumutegyereize, an Assoc. Prof. in the Department of Agricultural Production; Dr A. Amoding, Department of Agricultural Production; Dr W Ekere, Department of Agricultural Production (Retired); Dr. A. R. Turinawe, Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics; Dr O. Walekhwa, Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics (Deceased); Dr Okello, Senior Lecturer, CoVAB; Dr H. Kato, Associate Professor, Kyambogo University; and Dr S. Mugasi, ED, NAADS.

Prof. Elly N. Sabiiti delivering the Valedictory Lecture.
Prof. Elly N. Sabiiti delivering the Valedictory Lecture.

Curriculum Expansion

As Dean Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Prof. Sabiiti was instrumental in the review and expansion of academic programmes at CAES.  “There used to be one MSc in Agriculture with options but these would not be reflected on the degree certificate so we revised the old curriculum and proposed specialized MSc degrees of the various options, MSc Crop Science, MSc Soil Sciences, MSc Animal Science, and MSc Agricultural extension and this increased post graduate numbers. I led the development of a highly popular program –Masters in Agribusiness Management that combined science courses with agricultural economics to produce agribusiness entrepreneurs and make agriculture a rewarding business. We also revised the undergraduate degree programme from three: Bsc Agriculture, BSc Food Science and Technology and BSc Agricultural Engineering to over 10 programs,” he noted. “By the time I handed over to the next Dean, Prof. Matete Bekunda in 2003, the Faculty was leading in Academic programmes, significant financial research funds, several publications, and staff with PhD as well as MSc.”

CAES staff attending the lecture.
CAES staff attending the lecture.

Administrative roles

Administratively, Prof. Sabiiti held several leadership positions spanning a period of nine years, 1993-2003. He served as Head, Department of Crop Sciences, and Dean – Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry (November 1994-2003). Recounting his experience, Prof. Sabiiti said it was during his period as Dean that the Faculty had unprecedented growth in terms of Infrastructural development – the evolution of two Faculties and a Research Institute, and academic programs (under /postgraduate programs). In 1998, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry split to two Faculties, Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation. With NORAD support, a building/home was constructed to house the Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation. Kabanyolo University Farm also through a vigorous process was upgraded to Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyoro (MUARIK). “With good collaboration with NARO, the Faculty benefited from World Bank funding for five years and the Continuing Agricultural Education Centre (CAEC) was constructed as well as a postgraduate building mainly for girls. Using some innovations, a football field was constructed at MUARIK. With this funding, several staff got further training for Masters and PhD and short courses thus building capacity,” he noted. With savings from overhead costs from research and donor-funded projects, the then faculty was able to purchase for the first time a Leyland bus which is still functional-over 24 years), a small Tata bus, a tractor, a car for the Deputy Dean and restored Fish ponds at MUARIK. The other major purchase was about 100acres of land at Namalyagonja bordering MUARIK land. This was to be used for income generation from crop production, especially growing maize. According to Prof. Sabiiti, the idea behind purchasing more land was to prepare for the future plan to have a College and eventually an Agricultural University.

The Principal of CAES presents an award to Prof. Sabiiti in recognition of his distinguished service to Makerere.
The Principal of CAES presents an award to Prof. Sabiiti in recognition of his distinguished service to Makerere.

Other important contributions to the University

Prof. Sabiiti represented the Faculty of Agriculture in Senate. He also Coordinated the SIDA program he had initiated in 1999 to build PhD capacity for staff, improve lab equipment and enhance collaboration with Swedish Universities which was about 2m US$ for 15 years, and the Dryland husbandry Project based in Kazo, about US$850,000. He also served on Boards such NAADS, NEMA UNEB, UISTF /committees–I@Mak, where he had been appointed in his professional capacity. “The SIDA funding is one of my celebrated contributions to the College where we trained in joint collaboration with the Swedish University of Agriculture and produced 9 PhD staff, several MSc staff and also supplemented two staff to finish their PhDs (Drs Katuromunda and Obaa). ”While in Senate, Prof. Sabiiti   participated in the formation of the Collegiate system at Makerere University. He also defended the approval for the establishment of the Agrostudies program between CAES and Israel Institute funded by the Israeli Government which has become very popular at Makerere and at other Ugandan Universities. He served as Chair for Professorial Inaugural Lectures for 14 years. He initiated collaboration between the University of Western Sydney, Australia and Makerere University 1995 todate where one PhD from CAES was sponsored by that University and she graduated this year in May 2022.  He spearheaded the establishment of the first Makerere University Centre of Excellence in Waste Management at MUARIK which was commissioned by the Swedish Ambassador to Uganda in 2017. It has state-of-the-art equipment for bio-waste research. The Centre was also supported by Edmonton Centre of excellence in Waste management, Edmonton, Canada, Bank of Uganda, Makerere University top management and CAES.

CAES Principal presents a souvenir to Prof. Sabiiti. On the Left is Mrs. Joy Sabiiti.
CAES Principal presents a souvenir to Prof. Sabiiti. On the Left is Mrs. Joy Sabiiti.

Recognition Awards based on performance as an Academician and administrator

While in service, Prof. Sabiiti received several awards, locally and internationally in recognition of his excellent performance. These include;

  1. Makerere University Appreciation Award by the Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe in recognition of his distinguished and dedicated service to Makerere University, specifically for the leadership and devotion as Chairperson for the Professorial Inaugural Lectures Organizing Committee 2007-2021.
  2. Was awarded the highest National award for Civilians as a Hero – Independence Golden Jubilee Medal by H.E. the President of the Republic of Uganda for his outstanding contribution in research, teaching, outreach, institutional building and administration and his loyalty to the Nation – 26th January 2017.
  3. Appointed by the Board of Directors of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) as the 1st President of ASARECA General Assembly, December 2011 because of his outstanding contributions in agricultural research and served for two years.
  4. Recognized by Makerere University in April 2015 for coordinating very successful research collaboration with SIDA financial support 2000-2015.
  5. Winner of the Presidential Excellence award for Science, technology Education Excellence 2008 for outstanding contribution in the understanding of ecological dynamics of rangeland /grasslands and institutional development.
  6. Winner of the Makerere University Vice Chancellor’s Innovations and Academic Excellence Award 2007/2008 for transforming the living conditions of Pastoral communities in Kazo rangelands.
  7. Received a Certificate of Recognition from Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara for his  outstanding and dedicated services to the University as its pioneer Chairperson of Council 2003-2018.
  8. Received recognition (FELLOW) of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) for exemplary contribution to science and technology, 2004.
  9. Received Recognition Award from the Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University for having contributed significantly to the establishment of the Continuing Agricultural Education Centre (CAEC) in 2001.
  10. Was awarded a golden plaque by the Faculty of Agriculture – Makerere University, in recognition of his outstanding leadership as Dean 1994 – 2003.
Retired member of staff, Prof. John Steven Tenywa receiving an award from the Principal CAES. On the Left is the Deputy Principal, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze.
Retired member of staff, Prof. John Steven Tenywa receiving an award from the Principal CAES. On the Left is the Deputy Principal, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze.

Regional Recognition

  1. Elected Vice President, African Academy of Sciences based in Nairobi 2019 todate.
  2. Recognized Fellow in 2007 of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) based in Nairobi, Kenya for his outstanding scientific contribution in agronomy and Ecology.
  3. Received recognition award for Distinguished Service as Chairman of the National Steering Committee and National Coordinator of the Dryland Husbandry Project, Uganda from 1995-2003 from the Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA), July 2004.
Prof. Theodora Shuwu Hyuha receiving an award from the Principal CAES. Prof. Hyuha retired from University service this year - 2022.
Prof. Theodora Shuwu Hyuha receiving an award from the Principal CAES. Prof. Hyuha retired from University service this year – 2022.

International Awards

  1. Won the prestigious Fulbright Fellowship for Senior African Scholars 2005/16 offered by USA Department of State and was implemented at the Ohio State University and became a Fulbright Scholar 2016 to-date.
  2. Elected a Fellow by the Governing Council of the Academy into The Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) 2001.
  3. Received recognition award for extraordinary service to the Inter Academy Council as a Member of the Panel on Science and Technology Strategies for Improving Agricultura Productivity and food Security in Africa from the Board of Inter Academy Council, The Netherlands, 27th August 2004.
  4. Appointed a TWAS Research Professor in Dec 2006 for five years by the Academy of Sciences for the developing World (TWAS) Secretariat based in Trieste, Italy and was hosted by the National University of Rwanda.
Prof. Nabasirye Margaret receiving her award from the Principal, CAES.
Prof. Nabasirye Margaret receiving her award from the Principal, CAES.

Extra Curricula Activities

  1. Served on Busitema University Council from 2015-2021 and also Chaired Student Affairs and Disciplinary Committee and Appointments Board.
  2. Appointed twice by Makerere University as Orator and presented citation for H.E. Yoweri Tibuhaburwa Kaguta Museveni for recognition of his contribution to education, agriculture, fight against HIV/Aids and was awarded D Laws (H.causa) 2019, and for the Distinguished Authorship Award for writing a dictionary-Katondoozi in local language – presented  to H.E. in 2020.
  3. Appointed member of the Board of Trustees of the Uganda Independence Scholarships Trust Fund March 1999 to date. This is a Presidential Appointment.
  4. Appointed Director on the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) board by the Minister of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, 2002 to 2008.
  5. Appointed by the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education and Sports to serve as Chairman of the Curriculum Subcommittee for the Agricultural Colleges in 2000 that reviewed the curriculum and recommended a two-year Diploma instead of three years.
  6. Appointed by the Chancellor of Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara as the first Chairman to its Council, June 2003 to date.
  7. Served as Chairman of the Agribusiness Advisory Committee between the Faculty of Agriculture and the Private Sector in Uganda to monitor a new Masters degree program in Agribusiness Management (1999- 2003).
  8. Appointed by OSSREA as the National Co-coordinator, Dryland Husbandry Project funded by SIDA. The Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine and MAAIF and NARO implemented the project from 1996 –2003.
  9. Appointed by the Vice-Chancellor, Makerere University to the MU/Government Committee of 14 that prepared a document on Human Capacity building for decentralization supported by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1999/2000. The project attracted about US$17M from the Rockefeller Foundation, World Bank and Government of Uganda. The implementation committee became  I@Mak.com – Innovations at Makerere Committee.
  10. Appointed by Ministry of Education and Sports as member of the Joint Commission for setting up the University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 1995-2002. The university has been established and is called Gulu University. He was also chairman of the Curriculum Committee that worked out the academic faculties and programs.
  11. Appointed member Taskforce for setting up Agricultural University in the North, by the Prime Minister of Uganda, 1994.
  12.  Elected the first President of the newly formed Association of Uganda Professional Agriculturalists (ASUPA) 2002.
  13. Appointed board member of the Uganda National Examinations Board (UNEB) by the Minister of Education and Sports, 2002 to 2005 and was reappointed on the Board from 2006-2009.
  14. Member of the Management Committee of the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) 1995-2003.
  15. Member of the National Forum on the Plan for Modernization of Agriculture 1996-2003.
  16. Member of the National Steering Committee for the Plan for Modernization of Agriculture1996-2003.
  17. Appointed by Ministry of Agriculture to be Member of the National Steering Committee to Combat Desertification in Uganda, 1997 to 2010.
  18. National Coordinator, Plant Genetic Resources Coordinating Committee, 1992 -1997.
Retired members of staff after receiving their awards in recognition of their service to Makerere.
Retired members of staff after receiving their awards in recognition of their service to Makerere.

Prof. Sabiiti’s advice to members of staff

  • While in service, work for the good of the institution and the good of others and you will be rewarded.  “As a Professor at Makerere, I had purpose to build human capital. As a Lecturer, you should always have purpose as to why you are teaching and supervising. I came to Makerere to teach and build others. Learn to sacrifice for the good of others.”
  • Mentoring means being able to offer a helping hand to a fallen person or a person struggling with unseen challenges and you do it willingly without expecting rewards from that person. Your expectations from that person is to be a better person.
  • Makerere gives you the best environment to grow academically if you want to grow. Learn to love the institution and you will excel in whatever you do.
  • To the academic leaders, there is need to balance administration and academics. If you don’t, you will be lost when you leave administration.
A retired member of staff receiving an award from the Principal CAES. On the Left is the Deputy Principal, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze.
A retired member of staff receiving an award from the Principal CAES. On the Left is the Deputy Principal, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze.

Prof. Sabiiti’s thoughts on the future of CAES

Prof. Sabiiti implored staff to remain united with a common vision for the College. “Focus on growing CAES into a University of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences. Looking back, CAES has had steady developmental phases initially from the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry to a College status and this has been possible through dedicated service of the various leaders and staff. This practice should be further deepened to turn CAES into a much bigger Institution with more Departments, Schools, Centers, Institutes that fit in the NDPIII and Uganda Vision of 2040. You have a very good Strategic Plan 2020-2030 which should now be regularly revised to focus on what you want to achieve. Use the capacity you have on ground to drive your Strategic Plan. You should all remain united with a common vision championed by your leaders if you want to attain higher levels of development.”

One of the retirees, Prof. Bareeba Felix after receiving an award in recognition of his service to Makerere University.
One of the retirees, Prof. Bareeba Felix after receiving an award in recognition of his service to Makerere University.

Appreciation

Prof. Sabiiti appreciated the Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga for inviting him to deliver his valedictory lecture, and the Deputy Principal, Prof. Yazhidi Bamutaze for coordinating the program.

Prof. Sabiiti with the Principal CAES, the Deputy Principal, Makerere University Senior Public Relations Officer, Ms Ritah Namisango and some of the retirees.
Prof. Sabiiti with the Principal CAES, the Deputy Principal, Makerere University Senior Public Relations Officer, Ms Ritah Namisango and some of the retirees.

Recognition of retired staff

During the event, the Principal, CAES presented an award to Prof. Sabiiti in recognition of his distinguished service to Makerere University. The Principal, together with the Deputy Principal also presented appreciation awards to other retired members of staff in recognition of their service to Makerere. These included; Prof. Bareeba Felix, Prof. Tenywa Moses, Prof. Hyuha Theodora, Prof. Ssembajjwe Gombya, Prof. William Kyamuhangire, Prof. Nabasirye Margaret, Prof. Mutetikka David, Prof. Tenywa John Stephen, Dr Matsiko Francis, Dr Okiror John James, Dr Nagadya Harriet, Dr Christine Magala Nyago, Dr Michael Iwadra, Ms. Nanziri Sarah, Ms. Kawooya Teddy Mary, Mr. Eugene Manda, Mr. Tibakuzira Arnest, Mr. Emmanuel Nabyama, Ms. Toepista Namayanja, Everst Emuron, and Ms. Benny Kaitesi.

Some of the members of staff who attended the Valedictory Lecture.
Some of the members of staff who attended the Valedictory Lecture.

The Principal appreciated Prof. Elly Sabiiti and the other retirees for serving Makerere with utmost diligence. “It’s because of their sacrifices that CAES has grown and excelled in many aspects,” she noted.

The Valedictory Lecture was moderated by Dr Patrick Byakagaba, a member of staff at CAES.

Retirees join the Principal and Deputy Principal CAES to cut cake in celebration of their service to Makerere.
Retirees join the Principal and Deputy Principal CAES to cut cake in celebration of their service to Makerere.

Full presentation attached below.

Hasifa Kabejja

Agriculture & Environment

Mak Moves to Revitalize Food Technology & Business Incubation Centre to Drive Innovation & Entrepreneurship

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Participants, including students, partners, and innovation stakeholders, at the launch of the revitalization programme on 10th July 2025. Launch of the revitalization programme for the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC), School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of the Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) , Makerere University by Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, 10th July 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Ssembogga Derrick

Makerere University marked a significant milestone on Thursday, 10th July 2025, with the launch of the revitalization programme for the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC). This initiative is poised to position the FTBIC as a national hub for food innovation, student enterprise development, and agro-industrial transformation.

Hosted under the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB) at the College of the Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), the revitalization of the FTBIC is intended to bridge the gap between academia and industry.  “We aim to achieve this by supporting food-based start-ups, enhancing graduate entrepreneurship, and promoting the commercialization of research,” Dr Julia Kigozi, Dean, SFTNB explained. The project receives critical funding from the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (MakRIF), which consistently supports innovation and research-based development at the university.

The Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) with the Dean SFTNB and PI, Dr. Julia Kigozi (Left) at the event. Launch of the revitalization programme for the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC), School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of the Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) , Makerere University by Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, 10th July 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) with the Dean SFTNB and PI, Dr. Julia Kigozi (Left) at the event.

Unveiling a New Strategic Vision

The event, held under the theme “Revitalizing FTBIC to Unlock Innovation and Entrepreneurship Potential among Makerere University Graduates”, marked the official launch of the Centre’s revitalization programme to key stakeholders. It featured the presentation of FTBIC’s new strategic vision and direction, highlighting the commitment of the institution and its partners to fostering graduate entrepreneurship and innovation in food systems. The event also aimed to raise awareness of the Centre’s crucial role in supporting industry, research, and national development.

Participation of stakeholders

The launch attracted a vibrant and diverse audience of over 50 participants. Among the attendees were student representatives; partners from other incubation centers both within and outside Makerere University, including MIIC, UNIPOD, and DGI; as well as representatives from national innovation stakeholders such as Uganda Industrial Research Institute (UIRI) and StartHub Africa.

The Vice Chancellor engaging with participants who showcased some of the products from the Centre. Launch of the revitalization programme for the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC), School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of the Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) , Makerere University by Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, 10th July 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Vice Chancellor engaging with participants who showcased some of the products from the Centre.

Most notably, the event was honored by the presence of the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe. The Vice Chancellor commended the revitalization efforts, acknowledging the Centre’s immense potential to incubate hundreds of food-based start-ups and create employment opportunities for thousands of graduates. “The Centre is now well-positioned to become a flagship platform for innovation, employment creation, and agro-industrial development in Uganda and beyond. Makerere University remains committed to supporting such initiatives that align with national priorities and global development goals.”

 The event featured the unveiling of the operational framework for the revitalized Centre, highlighting its commitment to innovation, entrepreneurship, and practical graduate training. Stakeholders in attendance expressed enthusiasm and pledged support for future collaboration, research, and product development initiatives aligned with national development priorities. The event also provided a platform to deepen partnerships with private sector actors and development organizations, reinforcing confidence in the Centre’s potential to serve as a national model for university-led incubation.

Students attend a practical session in the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. Date taken: 12th August 2010
Students attend a practical session in the Food Technology and Business Incubation Centre (FTBIC), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. Date taken: 12th August 2010

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Agriculture & Environment

SophiA Project Upgrades Medical Infrastructure at Buvuma Health Centre IV, Trains Technicians for Maintenance Works

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Some of the trainees and trainers with the Coordinator of the project at Makerere University, Dr Nicholas Kiggundu (9th R) during the workshop. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Overview of the Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project

Despite ongoing urbanization across Africa, the majority of the population still resides in rural and remote areas, where infrastructure development remains limited. These regions face significant challenges such as lack of access to healthcare, education, clean water, and reliable electricity, contributing to higher rates of illness and poverty compared to urban centres. According to reports, Sub-Saharan Africa has approximately 120,000 public health facilities (22,000 hospitals and 98,000 health posts), of which around 26% lack any electricity access, and only 28% have reliable power supply.

Access to good healthcare is critical for sustainable development. However, many rural medical centres operate under harsh conditions – using polluted water, lacking cooling for medicines, and facing poor sanitation – largely due to unreliable electricity and water supply. Although half of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa lacks electricity, the region has abundant renewable energy potential that can be effectively harnessed through off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

The Dean, School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Bioengineering at Makerere University, Dr Julia Kigozi welcoming participants to the workshop. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Dean, School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Bioengineering at Makerere University, Dr Julia Kigozi welcoming participants to the workshop.

To address the above-mentioned challenges facing the African Continent, Makerere University in partnership with 13 organizations across Europe and Africa developed a project titled, “Sustainable Off-grid solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA)”. The five-year project that began on 1st October 2021 is funded by the European Union (Project: 101036836 – SophiA – H2020-LC-GD-2-3-2020). At Makerere University, the project is coordinated by Dr. Nicholas Kiggundu, Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES).

Piloted in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi, and Uganda, SophiA aims to provide sustainable off-grid energy solutions to rural and remote health facilities, fostering economic growth and ensuring equitable access to energy and healthcare. Using various technologies, such as photovoltaics, solar thermal, electrical and thermal storage, water treatment and natural refrigerants with low global warming potential, SophiA has developed and manufactured locally innovative, modular, affordable and efficient solar powered systems for providing:

  1. Safe and clean drinking water, free of bacteria and viruses, and deionised water for medical purposes;
  2. Hot water and steam production for thermal requirements of the hospitals;
  3. Cooling of medicines and food at +5°C;
  4. Low temperature storage of blood plasma and vaccines at -30°C;
  5. Ultra-low temperature storage of sensitive medication (e.g. some Covid-19 or Ebola vaccines) at -70°C.
The trainees during the session on sustainable energy systems and their applications conducted Dr. Peter Tumutegyereize. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The trainees during the session on sustainable energy systems and their applications conducted Dr. Peter Tumutegyereize.

In addition, PV MedPort, a simple and 100% solar-powered solution has been developed and tested as a mobile health care station in small remote areas in 4 different geographical conditions in Africa. The SophiA system has been manufactured in Africa and will provide, for the first-time, innovative solutions based on climate-friendly natural refrigerants to cover cooling demand for three different temperature ranges (-70°C, -30°C and +5°C). The system has been tested and demonstrated at four rural hospitals in remote regions throughout the African continent covering the major geographical regions and different climatic conditions in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi and Uganda.

SophiA Project initiatives in Uganda

In Uganda, all Health Centre IV hospitals with surgical theatres have been connected to the national grid except Buvuma Health Centre IV, which serves over 120,000 people scattered across 52 islands. Recognizing this gap, the Ministry of Health selected Buvuma Health Centre IV for the SophiA project to demonstrate sustainable off-grid solutions.

Prof. Isa Kabenge, Head, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering at Makerere University addressing the trainees. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Isa Kabenge, Head, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering at Makerere University addressing the trainees.

The SophiA System at Buvuma Health Centre IV provides the following services:

  1. Off-grid electricity supply
  2. Safe, clean drinking water for patients, staff, and the community
  3. Hot water and steam systems crucial for maternal care
  4. Solar-powered cooking and meal preparation
  5. Cooling systems for surgery and intensive care units
  6. Refrigeration for medicines at +5°C, blood plasma storage at -30°C, and ultra-low temperature storage (-70°C) for sensitive vaccines such as those for COVID-19 and Ebola

Training of Trainers Workshop

As the SophiA project approaches completion in September 2025, it is vital to establish a skilled pool of technicians capable of handling maintenance and minor repairs of the system components, including solar panels, water treatment units, generators, batteries, and cooking kits.

Dr. Peter Tumutegyereize conducting a training on sustainable energy systems and their applications. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Peter Tumutegyereize conducting a training on sustainable energy systems and their applications.

From June 23 to 27, 2025, Makerere University hosted a comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop. The training programme encompassed a diverse range of topics delivered by subject matter experts from institutions, including Makerere University (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering – CAES, and the College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology – CEDAT), Hochschule University of Applied Sciences, and Busitema University. Participants were carefully selected from diverse professional backgrounds, including recent engineering graduates from CAES and CEDAT, Makerere University, University technical staff, personnel from Kyambogo University, officials from Buvuma District Works and Health Departments, and electricians from Kampala City. The training sessions were conducted at Makerere University and Buvuma Health Centre IV Hospital. 

Training Modules Included:

  1. Sustainable energy systems and their practical applications
  2. Energy generation and storage technologies
  3. Solar water heating: design, operation, maintenance, and performance optimization of solar water heaters, crop dryers, and concentrating solar heaters
  4. Solar PV technologies in Uganda: cell technology, system design, operations, maintenance, and hands-on practicals for standalone and grid-connected systems
  5. Public health implications of water quality
  6. Water treatment and quality management, including protocols, parameters, and case study on the MCDI treatment system
  7. Water quality testing methodologies
  8. Introduction to sustainable refrigeration and cooling technologies
  9. Environmental impact and safety considerations for refrigerants
  10. Refrigeration cycles and component overview
  11. Life cycle assessment of SophiA technologies
  12. Thermal energy storage within the SophiA system
  13. Steam as a productive energy source
A student from the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering showcasing her project at the workshop. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A student from the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering showcasing her project at the workshop.

The Training Sessions

Day One: Introduction to foundational concepts in solar energy technologies

The first day of the SophiA Train the Trainers Workshop focused on building foundational knowledge in sustainable and solar energy systems. Led by Dr. Peter Tumutegyereize and Dr. Francis Mujjuni, participants explored a range of technologies and applications critical to clean energy deployment.

Key topics included:

Sustainable Energy Systems: Introduction to renewable energy systems including bioenergy, hydro, wind, geothermal, hydrogen fuel cells, and battery storage.

Solar Radiation & Geometry: Understanding solar constants, irradiance, and the impact of atmospheric conditions on solar performance.

Solar Thermal Technologies: Detailed look at solar water heating systems (FPCs and ETCs), maintenance, sizing, and solar dryers for agricultural and industrial use.

Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Working principles, types of PV cells, performance factors, and diagnostics. Practical testing techniques and metrics like Voc, Isc, MPP, and PR were discussed.

Simulation & Application: Olivia Nakiwanuka demonstrated a PVsyst-based simulation of a 2.55 kWp standalone system for a conference hall, showing a high solar fraction (97.88%) and low LCOE (USD 0.03/kWh).

Students from the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Makerere University showcasing their projects. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Students from the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Makerere University showcasing their projects.

The sessions emphasized practical skills, performance analysis, and real-world application, equipping participants to train others and support solar adoption, especially in rural and off-grid settings.

Day Two: Water Treatment Technologies

The second day focused on water treatment technologies relevant to low-resource healthcare settings. Facilitated by Sneha De and Mr. Duc Dinh Ngoc from Hochschule Karlsruhe University, sessions covered technical, environmental, and operational challenges, with contributions from Dr. Joshua Wanyama on water quality management and Dr. Prossie Nakawuka on practical water testing.

Key challenges addressed included unreliable water supply and contamination in healthcare facilities, emphasizing the need for decentralized water treatment, especially in rural areas.

Dr Prossie Nakawuka preparing for a hands-on training on water quality. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Prossie Nakawuka preparing for a hands-on training on water quality.

Sneha De reviewed biological and physical/chemical water treatment methods, highlighting technologies such as activated sludge, filtration, membrane bioreactors, and advanced disinfection techniques. The SophiA modular water treatment system, integrating ultrafiltration and membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI), was introduced as a scalable solution for producing safe drinking and deionised water for medical use.

Mr. Duc Dinh Ngoc trained participants on the MCDI technology, an energy-efficient method for salt and fluoride removal suitable for low-salinity water.

The team led by Dr. Nicholas Kiggundu, SophiA Project Coordinator at Makerere University during their tour of facilities at Buvuma Health Centre IV. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team led by Dr. Nicholas Kiggundu, SophiA Project Coordinator at Makerere University during their tour of facilities at Buvuma Health Centre IV.

Dr. Joshua Wanyama discussed the water quality management protocols, outlining key physical, chemical, and biological water parameters and monitoring strategies, including modern IoT-based tools, to ensure water safety and public health.

The day concluded with a hands-on lab session by Dr. Prossie Nakawuka, where participants practiced water quality testing using turbidimeters, incubators, and filtration techniques.

Overall, Day Two combined theoretical insights, technology demonstrations, and practical skills, preparing participants to implement sustainable water treatment and quality management systems in healthcare environments.

The team led by Dr Nicholas Kiggundu, SophiA Project Coordinator at Makerere University preparing for the launch of SophiA water at Buvuma Health Centre IV. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team led by Dr Nicholas Kiggundu, SophiA Project Coordinator at Makerere University preparing for the launch of SophiA water at Buvuma Health Centre IV.

Day Three: Refrigeration and Cold Storage  

The third day of the SophiA workshop focused on sustainable refrigeration and cold storage technologies tailored for healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa. Experts discussed energy-efficient, climate-friendly cooling solutions vital for vaccine storage, medicines, and diagnostics, especially in off-grid and rural settings.

Key highlights included the introduction of solar-powered and biomass-based refrigeration systems, thermal energy storage methods, and the use of natural refrigerants like propane, ammonia, and CO₂ as environmentally safer alternatives. Presentations emphasized the critical role of refrigeration in healthcare and the urgent need to replace harmful chemicals with sustainable technologies.

Sessions covered real-world applications such as the SophiA cooling containers in Burkina Faso, safety protocols for flammable refrigerants, and the environmental and economic benefits of solar refrigeration systems assessed through life cycle analysis.

The team prepares to enjoy SophiA water during celebrations to mark the World Refrigeration Day at Buvuma Health Centre IV. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team prepares to enjoy SophiA water during celebrations to mark the World Refrigeration Day at Buvuma Health Centre IV.

The day ended with an interactive quiz and discussion, reinforcing learning and encouraging participants to apply sustainable cooling practices in their communities.

Day Four: World Refrigeration Day & Field Visit to Buvuma Island

The fourth day of the SophiA Train the Trainers workshop was dedicated to the celebration of the World Refrigeration Day and a field excursion to Buvuma Island, providing participants with a unique opportunity to witness the SophiA system in action. The day was coordinated by Dr. Sarah Bimbona and Dr. Nicholas Kiggundu, who led the delegation to Buvuma Health Centre IV, the pilot site for the SophiA installation in Uganda.

The Co-PI, Dr Sarah Bimbona presents SophiA water to the in-charge of Buvuma Health Centre IV, Dr. Remegio Ndyanabo. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Co-PI, Dr Sarah Bimbona presents SophiA water to the in-charge of Buvuma Health Centre IV, Dr. Remegio Ndyanabo.

The visit served as both a practical extension of the previous day’s technical sessions and a community engagement event. Participants were able to observe the installed SophiA system, which integrates solar-powered refrigeration, water treatment and steam generation technologies designed for off-grid healthcare settings. During the visit, Dr. Kiggundu provided a detailed briefing to local stakeholders, including representatives from the Buvuma District Local Government, delegates from the Buganda Kingdom, and members of the local community. He explained how the SophiA system will enhance healthcare delivery on the island through reliable cold storage for vaccines and medicines, access to clean drinking water, and steam generated for cooking and use in the maternity wards.

As part of the long-term sustainability plan for the SophiA system, the launch of SophiA Water was announced, an entrepreneurial initiative designed to generate revenue locally for the operation and maintenance of the system.  

The trainees and the trainers with the Dean SFTNB, Dr Julia Kigozi at the workshop. European Union-funded Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) Project, comprehensive Training of Trainers workshop, June 23 to 27, 2025, Conference Hall, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering (SFTNB), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The trainees and the trainers with the Dean SFTNB, Dr Julia Kigozi at the workshop.

The field trip ended with a certificate awarding ceremony in appreciation of the participants’ dedication and active engagement throughout the training programme.

Hasifa Kabejja

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Agriculture & Environment

APRC Trains Graduate Students & Stakeholders in the Use of the African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas

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Prof. Bernard Bashaasha, Coordinator of the APRC speaking at the launch of the Centre. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.

The Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) at Makerere University, continues to play a pivotal role in shaping Uganda’s agricultural future through evidence-based policymaking. With a mission to ensure that agricultural policies are grounded in empirical research and data, APRC is actively investing in capacity-building initiatives that empower researchers, policymakers, and development actors.

In a significant stride toward building climate resilience in African agriculture, APRC recently organized a two-day intensive training workshop focused on the African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA) – a state-of-the-art, web-based decision-support platform that facilitates the integration of climate data into agricultural planning and policy.

Dr. Florence Rwiza training participants in the use of the Atlas on Day One of the workshop. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Dr. Florence Rwiza training participants in the use of the Atlas on Day One of the workshop.

The workshop, held on Wednesday 25th and Thursday 26th June 2025 at the School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, targeted two key groups: graduate students on the first day, and university faculty, government officials, and development practitioners on the second. This structure ensured tailored learning experiences for both emerging and seasoned professionals, helping to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world policy implementation.

The African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA) is designed to provide dynamic, data-rich visualizations that support informed decision-making in agriculture and food systems across the continent. Through interactive maps and analytical tools, users can explore projected climate impacts, evaluate risks, and identify localized, climate-smart adaptation strategies.

Graduate students at the training on Day One of the workshop held at the School of Agricultural Sciences, CAES. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Graduate students at the training on Day One of the workshop held at the School of Agricultural Sciences, CAES.

Throughout the sessions, participants received hands-on training in a broad range of AAAA functionalities, including:

  1. Leveraging the Atlas for research and policy communication: Enhancing the ability of scientists and policy actors to translate complex climate data into actionable insights;
  2. Assessing projected climate impacts and associated agricultural risks: Essential for forward-looking planning and risk mitigation;
  3. Identifying climate-smart investment options, with a particular focus on the livestock sector, which is especially vulnerable to climate shocks;
  4. Analysing gendered vulnerabilities: Examining how climate change disproportionately affects women in agricultural communities;
  5. Understanding the implications of heat stress on agricultural productivity: Supporting targeted interventions to protect producers and their livelihoods;
  6. Estimating the economic returns of adaptation strategies: Aiding in prioritizing investments and allocating limited resources effectively.
One of the trainers guides graduate students on the use of the African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
One of the trainers guides graduate students on the use of the African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas.

Prof. Bernard Bashaasha, the APRC Coordinator, emphasized the importance of the training in advancing Africa’s adaptation agenda. “As climate change continues to threaten food security and disrupt livelihoods across the continent, tools like the AAAA, and the skills to use them effectively are essential. They empower decision-makers to craft policies that are adaptive, inclusive, and rooted in science,” he noted.

The workshop was coordinated by Dr. Florence Rwiza, Lecturer in the Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics at CAES.  

More photos from the Training

Graduate students during one of the training sessions held on 25th June 2025. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Graduate students during one of the training sessions held on 25th June 2025.

A graduate student seeking clarification on some of the components of the AAAA. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
A graduate student seeking clarification on some of the components of the AAAA.

Dr. Florence Rwiza training the university faculty, government officials, and development practitioners on Day Two of the workshop. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Dr. Florence Rwiza training the university faculty, government officials, and development practitioners on Day Two of the workshop.

Some of the university faculty, government officials, and development practitioners who participated in the training. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Some of the university faculty, government officials, and development practitioners who participated in the training.

Dr. Florence Rwiza conducting one of the training sessions on Day Two of the workshop. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Dr. Florence Rwiza conducting one of the training sessions on Day Two of the workshop.

Some of the participants and trainers at the workshop. Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), housed within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) two-day intensive training workshop on African Agriculture Adaptation Atlas (AAAA), 25th-26th June 2025, School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa 2nd July 2025.
Some of the participants and trainers at the workshop.

Hasifa Kabejja

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