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Mak Unveils Key Findings on Urban Development Challenges in Kampala, Proposes Reforms for Improvement

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Makerere University has released a comprehensive report detailing the key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities. With an annual population growth rate of 5.6%, Kampala faces significant pressure on its infrastructure and urban systems. The report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, aims to provide actionable insights to improve the living conditions and urban services for all residents, especially marginalized communities.

Launched by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, the Minister of State for Urban Development, on 13th February 2025, the report explores the political, social, and infrastructural dynamics that have shaped urban development in Kampala. The analysis covers critical domains, including informal settlements, youth and capability development, land and connectivity, and health, wellbeing, and nutrition.

Uganda's Minister of State for Urban Development, Hon. Mario Obiga Kania (in green) officially launched the report. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Uganda’s Minister of State for Urban Development, Hon. Mario Obiga Kania (in green) officially launched the report.

A Holistic Approach to Kampala’s Urban Challenges

The findings are based on extensive research by Makerere University‘s Urban Action Lab, with contributions from scholars, practitioners, and experts both local and international. The report identifies the most pressing challenges facing the city, particularly for its disadvantaged communities, and provides a framework for addressing these issues in a way that is equitable, sustainable, and inclusive. Key contributors to the research include: Dr. Paul Isolo Mukwaya, lead author and Head, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences at Makerere University; Ms. Judith Mbabazi, Researcher, Urban Action Lab, Makerere University; Prof. Henrik Ernstson, Honorary Senior Research Fellow, The University of Manchester, UK; Dr. Peter Kasaija, Dr. Daniel Ochieng Ologe, Dr. Ritah Nakanjako, and Dr. Kareem Buyana, Researchers, Urban Action Lab, Makerere University; Ms. Hasifa Namuli, Wakiso Town Council Planner; Dr. Gloria Seruwagi, School of Public Health, Makerere University; Dr. Nansozi K. Muwanga, and Patricia Liola Tona Katto, Julius Nyerere Leadership Centre; Dr. Henry Bazira, Ms. Maria Ssematiko, Dr. Eria Serwajja, Mr. Muhamed Lunyago, and Dr. Doreen Kobusingye.

The ACRC Report. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
The ACRC Report.

Key Findings

  1. Infrastructure Deficits: The city is struggling with significant deficits in infrastructure and service provision, which are further exacerbated by rapid population growth.
  2. Governance Challenges: Multiple actors, including the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and the central government, often fail to coordinate effectively on service delivery. This lack of coordination leads to inefficiencies and contestations within city systems.
  3. Inequality in Service Delivery: Informal settlements are disproportionately affected by poor service delivery, including inefficient transport, inadequate electricity distribution, and insecure neighbourhoods.
  4. Privatization and Market-Driven Approaches: Privatization of services has led to a fragmented system, where gaps in service delivery are filled by private actors, resulting in unreliable and inaccessible services for many, particularly in informal settlements.
  5. Mistrust and Governance Issues: Political struggles, corruption, and ineffective governance slow down reform efforts and hinder sustained investment in key urban sectors.
  6. Political Elites and Informality: The influence of political and business elites operating informally impacts critical decisions on urban development, particularly regarding land, infrastructure, and public services.
  7. Health and Nutrition Gaps: Despite abundant food, low incomes and poor nutrition knowledge contribute to poor health outcomes. A more informed and accessible approach to nutrition is needed.
  8. Youth and Vulnerability: Kampala’s youth, who represent 46% of the population, are underserved by policies and face high rates of teenage pregnancies and drug abuse, perpetuating cycles of poverty.
  9. Land Market Exploitation: Land brokers take advantage of information gaps in the land market, complicating efforts to address housing and land tenure issues.
  10. Informal Settlements and Political Capital: Informal settlements in Kampala are becoming significant for economic rents and political leverage, which further complicates efforts to address urban challenges.
The Lead Author, Dr Paul Isolo Mukwaya briefs participants about the project. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
The Lead Author, Dr Paul Isolo Mukwaya briefs participants about the project.

Proposed Reforms

The report suggests several priority reforms to improve Kampala’s urban development, including:

  1. Upgrading Informal Settlements: Addressing poor housing conditions and infrastructure in informal settlements.
  2. Proper Land Registration: Enhancing land tenure security through improved registration systems.
  3. Waste Management and Public Health: Implementing sustainable waste management systems and promoting healthy diets through public health campaigns.
  4. Youth Skills Development: Creating apprenticeship programs, vocational training, and life-skills initiatives for youth.
  5. Improving State Capabilities: Strengthening the capacity of local and central governments to manage urban challenges, with a focus on financing, human resource development, and forging productive partnerships with non-state actors.
  6. The authors stress the importance of community participation in governance and propose that economists, urban researchers, and other stakeholders provide urban policy advice without being seen as political opposition.
  7. Other proposed initiatives include: i) the Kawenja Plastic Waste Entrepreneurship and Innovation Hub aims to improve a slum upgrading project in Kisenyi III, focusing on flood control and livelihood enhancement. It will create a network of plastic waste collectors, conduct a situation analysis, and collaborate with Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and other agencies. The initiative will involve procuring and installing equipment to formalize recycling efforts. ii) Improved Hygiene and Sanitation at Ggaba Market: To address hygiene and sanitation challenges faced by food vendors, the report proposes the installation of a sludge transfer tank and a three-wheeler vehicle at Ggaba Market. This intervention aims to enhance sanitation standards and create a healthier environment for both vendors and customers.
Hon. Mario Obiga Kania addresses participants. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Hon. Mario Obiga Kania addresses participants.

Remarks from Key Stakeholders

The meeting was attended by representatives from government and non-government organizations, as well as leaders from the Kampala Capital City Authority, who shared insights into the city’s development challenges and proposed several reforms for improvement.

Some of the participants at the workshop at Fairway Hotel in Kampala. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the participants at the workshop at Fairway Hotel in Kampala.

Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development

In his address, Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development encouraged city leaders to view Kampala’s challenges as opportunities for growth. He highlighted the city’s potential to generate revenue for Uganda and emphasized the need for systemic improvements in service delivery.  The Minister commended the researchers and committed to supporting the implementation of their recommendations. “Research should be viewed as a tool for solving issues, not just lamenting over them. Our leaders need to recognize Kampala as an integral part of Uganda’s governance due to its vital role in the country’s development. We must prioritize making Kampala thrive, as it is the central hub for commercial activity. City planning should accommodate and support informal trade effectively. Moving forward, we must focus on reducing youth unemployment through life-skills programs. Additionally, there is an urgent need to improve waste management, enhance financial literacy, and better regulate refugee affairs.”

Prof. Edward Bbaale, Principal, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere representing the Vice Chancellor, highlighted the University's critical role in reforming the city. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale, Principal, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere representing the Vice Chancellor, highlighted the University’s critical role in reforming the city.

 The Lord Mayor of Kampala

Briefing participants on the city development challenges, the Lord Mayor, Erias Lukwago expressed concern over the growing political interference and the lack of funding for planned activities. “On several occasions, we have struggled to address issues of physical planning, yet Kampala still lacks a structural plan. The Directorate of Physical Planning at KCCA is the least funded. While Kampala boasts of the best natural environment, its built environment is among the worst. There is a pressing need to transform the city’s vast slums into the ‘Garden City of Africa’.”  He expressed gratitude to ACRC for the report, noting that its findings would be crucial in guiding the implementation of reforms in the City.

The Lord Mayor, Erias Lukwago briefed the participants on the City's development plans and challenges. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
The Lord Mayor, Erias Lukwago briefed the participants on the City’s development plans and challenges.

Vice Chancellor’s address

 In his address, the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, represented by Prof. Edward Bbaale, Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences, expressed appreciation to the ACRC research team for dedicating their time and resources to investigate the challenges hindering progress in the city. “As Vice Chancellor, I acknowledge the significant role our university plays in shaping the future of Kampala and Uganda. Our mission to foster innovation, research, and education must address the challenges of urban development, enabling us to create sustainable solutions for growth. A key issue is the growing demand for housing, driven by Kampala’s rapid population growth. However, the supply of affordable, quality housing has not kept up, resulting in overcrowded slums and poor living conditions. As an academic institution, we are well-placed to contribute by researching affordable building technologies, promoting sustainable urban planning, and collaborating with policymakers to ensure equitable housing for all.”

Dr Patrick Byakagaba from the Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, moderated the workshop. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Patrick Byakagaba from the Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, moderated the workshop.

Commenting on the challenges posed by the city’s population growth, the Vice Chancellor pointed out the inadequacies in transport infrastructure and waste management. He stressed the importance of collaborating with researchers to develop alternative transportation models, smart mobility solutions, and urban planning that prioritizes walkability while reducing reliance on private cars. Additionally, he highlighted the need for further research into waste-to-energy technologies, the creation of sustainable waste management systems, and the promotion of environmentally responsible practices.

Hon. Mario Obiga Kania appending his signature on the report. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Hon. Mario Obiga Kania appending his signature on the report.

“As Kampala expands, we must also consider the preservation of its natural environment. Green spaces, parks, and urban forests are essential for the well-being of the city’s inhabitants. They provide recreational areas, improve air quality, reduce urban heat, and contribute to the overall aesthetic of the city,” he explained.

Prof. Shuaib Lwasa, Founder of the Urban Action Lab at Makerere University highlighting critical areas for intervention including the land and youth question, informal settlements and economic development. Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Shuaib Lwasa, Founder of the Urban Action Lab at Makerere University highlighting critical areas for intervention including the land and youth question, informal settlements and economic development.

Mr. Joseph Walter Pade, the Commissioner, Urban Development at the Ministry of Lands, Housing, and Urban Development, emphasized the need to involve the entire country in addressing the challenges facing Kampala. He also highlighted the importance of changing mindsets to tackle the city’s development issues.

Makerere University Urban Action Lab, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) launch of comprehensive report, part of the African Cities Research Consortium (ACRC) program, detailing key challenges affecting urban development in Kampala, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, annual population growth rate of 5.6%, by Hon. Mario Obiga Kania, Minister of State for Urban Development, 13th February 2025, Fairway Hotel, Uganda, East Africa.
The research team with key stakeholders at the workshop.

The Dean of the School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Dr. Revocatus Twinomuhangi, commended the research team for the excellent work and called for the wider dissemination of the findings to maximize their impact.

Hasifa Kabejja

Agriculture & Environment

Climate Resilience and Sustainability Collaborative: 30 Masters, 6 PhD Scholarships 2025/2026

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Some of the 19 PhD graduates from CAES at the 75th graduation ceremony. 75th Graduation Ceremony, Day 5, CAES, CEDAT and CHUSS. 17th January 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University is pleased to announce 30 Masters’ and 6 PhD Scholarships for students joining Makerere University (Main Campus) for Academic Year 2025/2026. An applicant must belong to one of the following categories: Persons with Disabilities, Internally Displaced young people, Refugees, other Ugandan National with financial constraints, and, youth from other African countries.

ELIGIBILITY

For Master’s Applicants

  1. The applicant must have applied for admission to Makerere University‘s main campus for the academic year 2025/2026.
  2. The Applicant must have completed their undergraduate education in an African country.
  3. The Applicant should be experiencing financial hardships to pursue higher Education.
  4. The Applicant should not be a holder of any other scholarship.
  5. The Applicant should not be pursuing or have completed any Master’s degree studies.
  6. The applicant should have engaged in leadership responsibilities and/ or community service.
  7. The Applicant should not be over 30 years at the application deadline.
  8. Applicants in the Refugee and Students with Disabilities categories should be under 40 years at the application deadline.
  9. A refugee applicant MUST hold a Refugee Identity card or Family Attestation.
  10. The applicant should have applied for any of these degree programs MSc. in Soil Science and Agrology, MSc. in Crop Science, MSc. in Environment and Natural Resources Management, M.A. in Economic Policy and Planning, MSc. in Agricultural Engineering.
  11. The Applicant should have an interest in research, innovation and entrepreneurship in climate resilience and sustainability, and committed to complete the degree in 2 years.

For PhD Applicants

  1. The applicant must have applied for admission to Makerere University‘s main campus for the academic year 2025/2026.
  2. The applicant must have completed their undergraduate education in an African country.
  3. The applicant should be experiencing financial hardships to pursue higher Education.
  4. The applicant should not be a holder of any other scholarship.
  5. The applicant should not be pursuing or have completed any PhD degree studies.
  6. The applicant should have engaged in leadership responsibilities and/ or community service.
  7. The applicant should not be over 35 years at the application deadline.
  8. The applicants in the Refugee and Students with Disabilities categories should be under 45 years at the application deadline.
  9. A refugee applicant MUST hold a Refugee Identity card or Family Attestation.
  10. The applicant should have an interest in research, innovation and entrepreneurship in climate resilience and sustainability, and committed to complete the degree in time.
  11. The prioritised research themes are indicated in the application form.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE: Friday, 6 June 2025 at 11:59 PM EAT.

Access and complete the Application Form at NO COST through the online application portal https://apply.caes.mak.ac.ug/

MORE INFORMATION:

Tel: +256-744-773-237
Email: climateresilience@mak.ac.ug

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

Call For Submissions: 2025 Farmer Field Schools Innovation Award

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Apply now! 2025 Farmer field schools innovation award is now open for submissions!

Organized by FAO’s Global FFS Platform with the collaboration of the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services (GFRAS) and Prolinnova and launched in 2024, the Award shines the spotlight on impactful solutions that can help shape the future of sustainable agri-food systems.

Don’t miss out on this unique opportunity to:

  • Showcase your innovation at the Science and Innovation Forum at FAO HQ in Rome from 14th to 17th of October 2025
  • Receive support and mentorship from global experts
  • Inspire other producers and practitioners to become innovators too

Who can apply?

Anyone involved in Farmer Field Schools (FFS) can apply including

  • Producers and producer groups;
  • FFS facilitators or master trainers;
  • Project and programme teams;
  • Development organizations;
  • Social entrepreneurs;
  • Private sector participants

How to Apply?

It’s simple – just follow these steps!

  1. Fill out the application form – Submit your innovation in writing or with a 5-minute video.

At least one of the two must be submitted through the official form.

  1. Simplified & Multilingual – The form is designed to be easy to use, short, and available offline, with multilingual support for broader accessibility
  1. Pitch Coaching – Shortlisted applicants will get coaching on pitching for the FAO Science & Innovation Forum.
  2. Tailored Support – Awardees will receive personalized support to boost their innovation.

The call for submission is now open until the 15th of June 2025

Apply now  

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

New Project to Improve Relevance of CAES PhD Graduates

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Participants together with the Project Coordinators, Prof. Heinrich Schüle and Prof. John Tabuti (2nd & 3rd R) during the conference at CAES, Makerere University on 17th March 2025. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.

Working with potential future employers of PhD students in Kenya and Uganda, Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project aims to develop curricula that best prepare academic specialists in agricultural sciences for their careers.  

Overview

The lack of skills-oriented training significantly undermines the relevance of doctoral graduates in today’s rapidly evolving job market, particularly within industries such as agriculture, where practical expertise and adaptability are essential. While doctoral programmes traditionally emphasize research and theoretical knowledge, they often fail to equip graduates with the hands-on, industry-specific skills needed to address real-world challenges. In agricultural value chains, for instance, the ability to apply advanced research to optimize production, supply chain management, sustainability practices, and technological advancements is crucial. Without a strong foundation in these practical areas, doctoral graduates may struggle to effectively contribute to innovation and efficiency in agricultural systems. From improving crop yields through data analysis to enhancing logistics and distribution methods, agricultural value chains require professionals who can seamlessly integrate research with practical application.

Prof. John Tabuti, ADVALUE Project Coordinator in Uganda addressing participants during the conference. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. John Tabuti, ADVALUE Project Coordinator in Uganda addressing participants during the conference.

What the ADVALUE Project targets to address

Co-funded by the European Union, the ADVALUE Project—Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education—seeks to modernize doctoral education in agricultural and agro-environmental sciences at universities in Uganda and Kenya. This initiative aims to enhance trans-disciplinary skills to promote the development of sustainable agricultural value chains, addressing pressing challenges such as food insecurity, unemployment, and climate change.

Project partners include; Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Germany (NGU); German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL); Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU); Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU); Makerere University, Uganda; Uganda Christian University (UCU); University of Nairobi, Kenya (UoN); Pwani University Kenya (PU); Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture, Uganda (RUFORUM). Associated Partners: European Alliance in Agricultural Knowledge for Development, Belgium (AGRINATURA); National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda (NARO); National Council of Higher Education, Uganda (NCHE); Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO); Ministry of Education Science and Technology Kenya (MoEST). The project PI is Prof. Dr. Heinrich Schüle. In Uganda, the project is coordinated by Prof. John Tabuti.  

Prof. John Tabuti, ADVALUE Project Coordinator in Uganda addressing participants during the conference. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. John Tabuti, ADVALUE Project Coordinator in Uganda addressing participants during the conference.

Project objectives

  1. Develop innovative courses on trans-disciplinary research methodologies and value chain analysis within doctoral programmes.
  2. Strengthen collaboration with key stakeholders to ensure research is demand-driven and fosters innovation.
  3. Enhance the expertise of both academic staff and doctoral students.
  4. Improve quality assurance frameworks and development processes in doctoral education.

To achieve these goals, ADVALUE is developing four modules for PhD students that will be integrated into the curricula of the partner universities in Kenya and Uganda, taking into account the experiences and expectations of local stakeholders and potential future employers. The modules will include topics on scientific work, trans-disciplinary research, rangeland management, and agricultural value chains. The collaboration and exchange between the universities and representatives from the working environment, government organisations and international partners aims to strengthen the career prospects of postgraduate students in East Africa and promote their expertise with regard to the local requirements for achieving the SDGs.

The Deputy Principal of CAES, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze offered valuable insights into the challenges hindering doctoral training. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The Deputy Principal of CAES, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze offered valuable insights into the challenges hindering doctoral training.

The ADVALUE interim conference

The project team held an interim conference at Makerere University on 17th-19th March 2025 to evaluate the state of PhD education in agriculture, incorporating diverse insights from both European and East African perspectives. The conference brought together academic staff, students, and leaders from partner institutions, associated organizations, and key stakeholders in the Agricultural sector.  

The conference aimed to highlight the progress and findings of the project, offering a platform for discussing PhD research on agricultural value chains within higher education institutions (HEIs). A key focus was on trans-disciplinary approaches, as well as fostering dialogue on quality criteria for PhD programs. Additionally, the event served as a formal meeting for the project’s Steering Committee and provided an opportunity for partners to refine their assessments of doctoral education in line with established quality standards and institutional contexts.

Some of the participants at the workshop. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the participants at the workshop.

Presentation by Mr. Joseph Nkandu on the Agricultural Value Chains in E.A

In his address on the sustainability of agricultural value chains in East Africa, Mr. Joseph Nkandu, Executive Director of NUCAFE (Uganda’s national umbrella organization for coffee farmers), emphasized the vital role that higher education plays in strengthening and advancing agricultural value chains. He stressed the importance of aligning education with the region’s broader development goals to ensure that future generations of agricultural professionals are equipped with the necessary skills for sustainable growth. “Education must become more practical and closely integrated with the region’s development objectives,” he noted. He praised the initiative, noting that the project would greatly enhance doctoral training at partner institutions, empowering students with advanced knowledge and skills to support and sustain agricultural value chains across East Africa. “The sustainability of Africa’s value chains is essential if we are to meet the demands of the growing population,” he added.

Mr. Joseph Nkandu, Executive Director of NUCAFE emphasized the vital role that higher education plays in strengthening and advancing agricultural value chains. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Joseph Nkandu, Executive Director of NUCAFE emphasized the vital role that higher education plays in strengthening and advancing agricultural value chains.

Uganda’s agricultural value chains are a cornerstone of its economy. However, several challenges threaten their sustainability, including climate change, which affects crop yields and water availability; inadequate infrastructure, which hinders market access; limited access to finance for smallholder farmers; land degradation; and insufficient technology adoption. Moreover, pest outbreaks and post-harvest losses further undermine the efficiency and profitability of agricultural systems. Tackling these challenges is essential to improving the sustainability and resilience of Uganda’s agricultural sector.

Mr. Joseph Nkandu addressing participants on agricultural value chains in East Africa. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Joseph Nkandu addressing participants on agricultural value chains in East Africa.

Remarks from NCHE

In her remarks, Prof. Mary Okwakol, the Executive Director of the National Council for Higher Education, emphasized the critical role of doctoral training in driving societal progress. She explained that advanced research and innovation resulting from doctoral programmes not only contribute to academic advancement but also pave the way for ground-breaking discoveries. “These discoveries, in turn, play a pivotal role in shaping and transforming nation-states by addressing pressing challenges, fostering economic growth, and improving the quality of life for communities.” Prof. Okwakol called for continued investment in doctoral education to harness its potential for national development and global competitiveness.

The representative of the Executive Director of the National Council for Higher Education, Prof. Mary Okwakol addressing participants. She emphasized the critical role of doctoral training in driving societal productivity. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The representative of the Executive Director of the National Council for Higher Education, Prof. Mary Okwakol addressing participants. She emphasized the critical role of doctoral training in driving societal productivity.

Highlighting the challenges related to Doctoral training, the Deputy Principal of CAES, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze, noted that the project was timely and would greatly strengthen the research capabilities of doctoral students, ensuring that their skills are more aligned with current academic and industry needs, ultimately improving the overall relevance and impact of their research outputs. “As Makerere University strives to become a research-intensive institution, the importance of collaboration cannot be overstated. This project will make a substantial contribution to this goal.”

A participant sharing his views on the project. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
A participant sharing his views on the project.

Engagement with smallholder farmer in Matugga

During the conference, the project team had the opportunity to visit the farm of Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, within Nansana Municipality. The visit allowed the team to gain first-hand insight into Mr. Mpiira’s farming practices, observe the challenges he faces, and better understand the impact of various agricultural initiatives in the region. This experience was an important part of the conference, as it provided a real-world context to the discussions on smallholder farming and rural development.

Participants following the proceedings of the workshop. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
Participants following the proceedings of the workshop.

Key Issues Arising from the Workshop

  1. Overemphasis on theoretical science: While science is extensively studied, its practical application remains problematic.
  2. Outdated supervision: Many PhD supervisors are not up-to-date with current research trends. There is a need for educational frameworks that align with the latest development agendas.
  3. Technician mentality among graduates: A significant number of PhD graduates tend to think like technicians rather than innovators. Many struggle to apply the knowledge they’ve acquired and lack the ability to think creatively.
  4. Lack of innovation: There is a notable absence of innovation among doctoral graduates, which hinders progress.
  5. Evolving skillsets in value chains: There is an urgent need to address the changing skillsets required across different value chains.
  6. Unrealistic PhD programme durations: The prescribed durations for PhD programmes are often unrealistic and fail to reflect the complexity of the research process.
  7. Competing priorities: The multiple demands on students’ time hinder their ability to complete doctoral studies in time.
  8. Financial barriers: Limited funding continues to undermine the success and sustainability of doctoral training programmes.
  9. Lack of student commitment: Some doctoral students exhibit a lack of commitment and dedication to their studies, impacting their success.
  10. Negative student attitudes: Students often display an underestimation of the role and guidance of their supervisors, which affects their academic progress.
  11. Inadequate research facilities: Limited access to essential research facilities hampers the quality of doctoral research.
  12. Weak analytical skills: Many doctoral students lack the necessary analytical skills to perform at the required level of their academic discipline.
  13. Gender-based challenges: Gender roles negatively impact the performance and progression of female doctoral students, limiting their academic potential.
  14. Supervisory workload: Excessive workload on supervisors affects the quality and effectiveness of their mentorship.
  15. Need for relearning in value chains: Achieving sustainability in value chains demands continuous relearning and adaptation.
A participant from the University of Nairobi sharing ideas at the conference. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
A participant from the University of Nairobi sharing ideas at the conference.

Recommendations

  1. Dedicated study leave: Doctoral students should be granted leave from other responsibilities to focus fully on their research.
  2. Creating research spaces: Institutions must create dedicated, conducive workspaces for doctoral students to foster collaboration and focus.
  3. Increase funding opportunities: More scholarships and financial support should be made available to PhD students to ease financial barriers.
  4. Research-oriented supervision: Supervisors must establish and maintain active research agendas to ensure they remain relevant and effective in guiding students.
  5. Strengthen institutional collaboration: Encouraging greater collaboration between Higher Education Institutions can foster exchange of ideas and resources to enhance doctoral research outcomes.

Photos from conference activities

In the course of the conference, the project team visited the farm of Mr. Sam Mpiira, a smallholder farmer in Matugga, Nansana Municipality. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
In the course of the conference, the project team visited the farm of Mr. Sam Mpiira, a smallholder farmer in Matugga, Nansana Municipality.

The Project team interacts with Mr Sam Mpiira at his farm in Matugga. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The Project team interacts with Mr Sam Mpiira at his farm in Matugga.

The Project team interacts with Mr Sam Mpiira at his farm in Matugga. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The Project team interacts with Mr Sam Mpiira at his farm in Matugga.

The Project team after touring Mr. Mpiira's farm in Matugga. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The Project team after touring Mr. Mpiira’s farm in Matugga.

The project team in group discussions on the different work packages. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The project team in group discussions on the different work packages.

The project team in group discussions on the different work packages. Interim Conference of the Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains through Strengthening Trans-disciplinary Skills and Cooperation in East African Doctoral Education (ADVALUE) Project co-funded by the European Union, 17th-19th March 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala and farm visit to Mr. Sam Mpiira, a dedicated smallholder farmer located in Matugga, Nansana Municipality, Uganda, East Africa.
The project team in group discussions on the different work packages.

More photos at:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cZwlLXt5YBWoeMfO0wVbdva0NLIQ5sHr

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/107GJR6nCZJwKjmfrwveGXw7As2AhAQWt

Hasifa Kabejja

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