Business & Management
Environmental Economists want a “Green Fund” Established
Environmental Economists from Makerere University and stakeholders in environment and natural resources sectors have expressed the need for Uganda to establish a Green Fund to finance green initiatives.
The dons have also proposed and re-echoed known initiatives that require mind-set change and government commitment to infrastructural developments that can reduce environmental pollution.
Environmentalists also want part of the Green Fund to come from greatest polluters in the country and the developed countries relative to the damage caused.
In addition, they want the African voice heard in the global discussion towards mitigation, commitment and transitioning to low carbon economies.
The call was made during the policy dialogue organised by the Environment for Development Initiative (EfD-Mak Centre) at the Kampala Sheraton Hotel as one of the mainstream activities. The dialogue held on December 20, 2023 brought together members of the academia, representatives of private sector, government ministries, departments and agencies, CSOs, manufacturers, and commercial banks on the theme, “Green Financing in Uganda: From Paper to Practice”.
The main aim of the workshop was to engage with the government to have a healthy debate how to finance green transitions and greening starting from the household level. The key message was that there is need to transit, but the transition is not cheap, it is expensive and requires deliberate effort.
While opening the workshop, the Principal, College of Business and Management Sciences Assoc. Prof. Eria Hisali said the engagement was hinged on twin objectives of attaining low carbon outcomes and high growth outcomes which are environmentally friendly.
As researchers and policy makers, Prof. Hisali interested participants to discuss and understand the current growth landscape, where growth is coming from, and main activities that drive growth and livelihoods.
Within that landscape, the professor advised participants to address the main concerns with regard to sustainability, the environmental concerns with regard to the current sources of growth and the status quo.
Hisali also told participants to pose a question of the disruptive effects that come along with the transitions to low carbon sources of growth; and closely related, the best options to make the transitions and finally, how the green financing strategies can be made attractive for the different actors to take them on.
Outside the green financing alone, Prof. Hisali challenged participants to debate on other options that policy makers can consider to enable the transition to low carbon sources of growth to start taking place.
The Professor also guided participants to have discussions on the framework for enforcement and auditing of the transition process itself, asking, what is it that they can do to ensure that they are tracking the progress made and whatever has been agreed upon at policy level, and ensure it is enforceable and that there are institutions and agencies to enforce that.
“The other issues we should be discussing is that what is our voice as Uganda and as the developing world in these discussions towards a low carbon economy. Do we have the voice as anyone else? Or is it that for us we should be making the transition while others are not, where is the equaliser. Are we in future for example going to talk about green imports or it is about us only ensuring that we go green and possibly some powerful nations look on and go to the extent of lip service”. Hisali asked.
In an interview, Prof. Hisali said, the discussion of the African voice in mitigation carbon emissions has picked traction at the global- level questioning whether all countries of the world have the same voice and commitment to addressing matters of environmental sustainability.
“This discussion is important because the transition to low carbon economies come with certain disruptions the way things are done and those disruptions are a cost. They disrupt livelihoods, slow growth and the only way we can be committed to that transition, is when we are sure that it is not only us but that everyone else has the same commitment. We all belong to the planet and we should have the same level of commitment,” Hisali stressed.
The Director EfD-Mak Centre Prof. Edward Bbaale noted that although there are more than one SDGs focused on the environment and green financing, many countries are not living up to the set aspiration of the SDG. Bbaale is also the Director, Directorate of Research and Graduate Training at Makerere University.
As a university, Prof. Bbaale said, they must undertake research and establish to what extent the country has achieved green energy transitions and inform government where the country is, and what should be done. Through research Bbaale said the university has done a lot to come up with innovations as solutions to the green transitions such as solar energy solutions and others.
Bbaale reported that the EfD-Mak Centre is focusing on environment and natural resources, on how to harness and manage the environment for sustainable development, satisfying the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs and the benefits of the future generation.
As the Environment for Development initiative, Bbaale said, the topic of green financing is based on the fact that the environment has been the most affected resources through deforestation, reclaiming of wetlands, and most of these have come partly through agriculture where forests have been cut unsustainably and for infrastructural developments.
Bbaale warned that most of these developments have taken place without minding about the environment adding that unlike human beings who forgive and forget, nature does not.
“Nature does not forgive and nature does not forget. Actually, at one-time nature will hit back badly. You have seen in Kampala during this season, in the last three months, floods swallowing up people, our fellow human beings dying, cars being swallowed up in a place where you least expect that you are going to meet your death.
We have seen that one being caused by the environment hitting back. Maybe because that very area was a wetland, but during the construction of the house or the building or the road, this was not catered for.” The Director decried.
It is time to protect the environment through mindset change, best practices and investment in green initiatives
Prof. Edward bbaale
Prof. Bbaale stressed that it is now time to talk about protecting the environment against greenhouse gases and, one sure way, apart from mindset change and preaching to the population on the best ways of life, one other way, is through investment.
He observed that almost 85% of Uganda’s households depend on biomass for cooking, mainly firewood and charcoal. He said, it is dangerous and leads to deforestation, pollution and respiratory diseases. The alternatives he said, can come through, for example, using LPG and electricity which are very expensive and require subsidies to make sure that an average household can afford consistently.
Bbaale called for mindset change among the citizenry and re-orientation of the country’s infrastructure to allow citizens ride bicycles to short distance workplaces to reduce on use of vehicles and pollution.
“You do not need to board a vehicle if you are coming from 1.5 kilometers away. A bicycle can do that, even 20 kilometers away. But now we need to establish the infrastructure for that. Have lanes that are for bicycles alone. And when you’re riding your bicycle, you are very safe. You will not meet your death because of riding a bicycle.
I’ve interacted with the professors elsewhere in the developed world, and the head of the university, the president of the university rides a bicycle to work. But these people are safe. So the question is, are you safe when you ride a bicycle to go to your place of work? But now, for us to re-orient, we require financing. And also how would you ensure that most of us will be riding electric motorcycles which don’t emit any gases?”. Bbaale said.
The don also welcomed the move to the manufacture and use of electric vehicles.
“Okay, how can we, all of us, ensure that we shall at one time be driving electric cars which require that they are charged to make sure that you have enough current that will take you to Mbarara. This means that as you drive to Mbarara, somewhere, there must be a point where you go and refill your current as you drive an electric car.
But now, government investment requires that the planning, programming and the budgetary processes are in view or in perspective of the need to finance these green investments.”, He added
The Director explained that some of the issues might require doing adaptation, and so need adaptation finance while some of the issues would require to finance the disaster, because,for example, the floods bring disasters, landslides and all of these. And so it requires that there is a fund for disasters that happen because people suffer through climate shocks.
Part of the Green Fund should come from the greatest polluters in the country and the Developed countries
prof. edward bbaale
Prof. Bbaale also noted that Neither Uganda as a country, nor Africa as a continent of Africa, is not solely responsible for climate issues faced.
“…Because our colleagues in the north that are already developed, America, Europe and all that, during the industrial revolution released a lot of greenhouse gases into the environment. And that’s why actually negotiations are going on that the developed countries that actually polluted the environment in the first place should pay.
So, part of the fund that I’m talking about should come from the developed countries. Part of the fund should come from China, Europe and, part of the fund must come from the United States”, Bbaale asserted.
Bbaale added that greatest polluters in the country must pay correctly for what they have damaged.
“We must map and know globally who are the greatest contributors to the climate fund. The same applies to Uganda. We have had the debates. Who are the greatest polluters? If you are running an industry and you are releasing waste products into Lake Victoria, you must pay so that government can use the money you have paid to correct what you have damaged.
…even if you were just releasing, because of your industrial activity greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, government should be in a position to compute the extent of damage you are causing and therefore you, the private investor, be able to pay for that. And so, government requires to finance activities that constitute green transitions”, Bbaale advised.
He said transiting into a green environment has two phases. Number one, is mindset change that is, what we do as human beings, and it also has to do with the real costs which is not cheap.
EfD-Mak Policy Engagement Specialist for Inclusive Green Economy (IGE) Program Dr. Peter Babyenda said, as a country, continent and globe, there is a lot on paper, but practice is lacking.
Babyenda expressed the need to involve everybody starting from the public, the academia, media, manufacturers and commercial banks among others.
“We have realized that whenever we are coming up with these policies, more so, to do with banking, the commercial banks which deal with the person are not part of the negotiations yet there is no local person who goes directly to the central bank. So we need to involve banks right away from planning to implementation”, He said.
Babyenda also said, there is need to invest in mindset change and be able to raise funds locally as a country.
“We cannot plan for green financing where 80% of the budget is from the donors So, we need to mobilise the funds locally through contributions from emitting manufacturers, people in Agriculture and fossil fuels,” He said
Babyenda also said there is need to define the products clearly starting where the green financing will go for instance investments in tree planting, subsidizing environmentally friendly technologies including the cooking among others.
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda
Business & Management
CoBAMS holds Strategic Planning Retreat: Prioritization of research-driven strategies, graduate training, quality teaching and internationalization
Through its strategic plan, Makerere University commits to being a research driven institution. This presents the ten (10) colleges at Makerere University with a golden opportunity to tap into the vast knowledge and rich experience of its qualified and experienced staff to contribute to the realization of the University’s research agenda.
Consequently, the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) led by the Principal, Prof. Edward Bbaale organized a two-day strategic planning retreat bringing on board a representative sample of staff classified as the College management team to critically discuss the research direction of the college and come up with strategies aligned to the Makerere University strategic plan.
The two-day strategic planning retreat (10th to 11th April 2025) involved highly interactive sessions with seasoned facilitators namely the Principal-Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Deputy Principal-Prof. James Wokadala, the Director of Graduate Training-Dr. Julius Kikooma, the Head of Grants Administration and Management Support Unit (GAMSU)-Prof. Sylvia A.N. Nannyonga-Tamusuza and the Director of Quality Assurance-Dr. Cyprian Misinde. It was moderated by Ms. Ritah Namisango and Mr. Peter Mubiru, who are members of the CoBAMS management team.
The presentations featured the College Strategic direction, the College Quality Assurance Framework, the Strategic direction of Makerere University on graduate training, Grants Management and harnessing the power of the College and members of staff to attract and win grants. In addition, the retreat provided a forum to discuss other critical functions such as innovative teaching and learning, internationalization, community engagements, knowledge transfer partnerships and networking.
Welcoming the participants, Prof. Edward Bbaale emphasized that the strategic planning retreat provided a pivotal platform to shape the future of the college. He stated that as Makerere University implements its research-driven agenda, CoBAMS will play a central role through prioritization of research and graduate training, internationalization, and provision of innovative teaching and learning.
He informed the College management team to embrace an approach that positions the students at the centre of research and the various activities undertaken by the College.
“The best way to propel CoBAMS is by working with students. A student with a good Masters’ degree dissertation should be supported through mentorship to publish his or her work,” he said.
Strategic and research direction of the College
Prof. Bbaale guided that every member of faculty should focus on increasing graduate student enrolment and knowledge production. Referring to well researched data, Prof. Bbaale reported that graduate students account for only 12% of the enrollment. He noted that the goal was to ensure that graduate students constitute 30% of the total enrollment by 2030. He rallied members of staff to work together to increase the number of graduate students both at Masters’ and PhD levels. He implored staff to effectively supervise graduate students so that they complete on time. He encouraged staff to involve graduate students in research projects, grant writing and joint publications. He noted the need to profile and follow up the graduate students.
Convinced about the strong correlation between research output and the number of PhDs, Prof. Bbaale urged staff to increase the number of PhD students. For instance, the taught PhDs in Economics, Finance, and in Statistics will significantly contribute to increased enrollment,” he said.
“Central to this is stabilizing graduate output and ensuring consistent PhD supervision. The structured PhD by research program and the taught PhDs if managed well will significantly increase the number of graduate student enrollment,” he added.
In this regard, Prof. Bbaale congratulated the Units under the College of Business and Management Sciences namely the School of Business, the School of Economics, and the School of Statistics and Planning for coming up with the option of taught PhDs.
On the issue of timely completion of graduate programmes, he advised the faculty members to ensure that the students present vivas in January, February or March.
In addition, the crucial role of graduate coordinators and the college doctoral forum, convened by Dr. Kassim Sendawula, in nurturing a sense of community and providing support for Ph.D. students was emphasized.
Providing direction on research centres, he demystified the concept of thinking that one requires a physical building or large space to come up with a research centre. Prof. Bbaale encouraged faculty members to network and form research centres. “A centre is a team of researchers with like minds, passion and expertise in a particular area/field. For instance, Members of staff in the College of Business and Management Sciences could establish a Centre of Excellence in Tax Advisory.”
He explained the need to translate research into products that can be sold. He commended the ongoing initiatives by the College such as the Entrepreneurship Congress, and the Makerere University Innovation Pod. He called upon staff in CoBAMS to work with the Makerere University Innovation Pod, which is headed by a faculty member-Dr. Cathy Mbidde.
On the issue of internationalization, the Principal called for more collaborations with internationally recognized and reputable universities, bodies and research centres. He advised staff to actively participate in Erasmus mobility programmes and to implement collaborations that provide for staff and student exchange programmes.
In addition to acquiring degree qualifications from Makerere University, he advised the teaching staff to take a bold step and attain academic qualifications from internationally recognized institutions in other countries/continents.
“As a member of faculty, if your undergraduate degree or Masters’ was awarded by Makerere University, it is important that you secure your PhD from another internationally recognized university. This presents you with a rich and wider perspective as an academic, distinct advantage, exposure and access to other networks,” he guided.
Tackling the financial sustainability of the College, the Principal explained the need to establish special programs to operate as projects for example short courses leveraging the Council’s sharing ratio of 20:80, lobbying the University Management for more funding, mobilizing the college alumni, growing the College Endowment Fund, enhancing grant writing through GAMSU support and strengthening the College’s IRB.
Quality Assurance in teaching and learning processes
In his presentation, Dr. Cyprian Misinde focused on the standards and guidelines that should be followed by staff to safeguard the quality of processes at Makerere University.
Dr. Misinde re-affirmed the need for the CoBAMS teaching staff to scale up their research potential and outputs, actively participate in capacity building programmes, and above all, to continue to publish their research or work in internationally recognized journals.
He articulated the need to uphold the provision of high quality academic programmes through curriculum reviews, peer reviews, involvement of the private sector and industry, and following national and international accreditation procedures.
Dr. Misinde equally stressed the need for academic staff and heads of the respective departments to understand the accreditation steps and requirements and strictly adhere to the procedures. This, he added, will enable the Schools and Colleges to submit the academic programmes for accreditation to the Academic Registrar, Directorate of Quality Assurance and the University Senate within the expected timelines.
To enhance the effectiveness of instruction, he encouraged the teaching staff to adhere to fulfilling the minimum teaching load as per the University policy, reinforcing the commitment to delivering quality education.
On the management of students’ results, Dr. Misinde appealed to the teaching staff to mark the students’ scripts within the stipulated timeline. He reminded the teaching staff to adhere to the centralized marking processes at the College or School levels. He advised the College leadership to always invite the Student leaders or representatives to witness the centralized marking processes in order to build trust and transparency at all levels.
He informed participants about the independent student-staff assessment/evaluation tools that are administered by the Quality Assurance Directorate. These, Dr. Misinde clarified, present an opportunity to the students to assess their respective teachers/lecturers. He stated that these evaluations are essential for fostering educational quality and enriching the overall student experience. He disclosed that the feedback gathered from these assessments not only informs curriculum development but also identifies areas that require improvement in teaching methodologies, aligning with the university’s strategic objectives.
Graduate training at Makerere University
Building on the call to action by Prof. Edward Bbaale to the teaching staff to actively participate in critical processes aimed at increasing the number of graduate students, Dr. Julius Kikooma’s presentation centred on sensitizing staff on their obligations in the realization of that dream.
He outlined the Makerere University graduate policies, framework for structured PhD by research, graduate supervision and mentorship, digitization of the graduate training processes through the Digital Research Information Management System (RIMS), strengthening the capacity and commitment of human resources to drive the research-led agenda, elements of the Makerere University Graduate research strategy, teaching of PhD cross cutting courses, among other key factors.
Dr. Kikooma called upon Deans, Heads of Departments, Supervisors of Graduate Progammes and Registrars at CoBAMS to participate in the training on RIMS scheduled to take place on 21st April 2025.
Grants Administration and Management at Makerere University
In her presentation, Prof. Sylvia A. N. Nannyonga-Tamusuza reported that funds received through grants significantly contribute to building the research profile of the University, calling upon, Colleges to implement strategies aimed at attracting and winning research grants at the national and global levels.
She explained the need to professionally manage the research grants, requesting those entrusted to adhere to the terms and conditions specified in the guidelines or contract.
She observed that whereas it is mandatory to close out a grant/project, some entities do not, which is a great omission. She urged the faculty members and researchers to follow the guidelines stipulated during the grant application and award processes.
The Head of GAMSU emphasized the need to form research teams. “We have different abilities and skills. Through teams, we leverage our strengths. It also encompasses the multi-disciplinary approach,” she said. Underscoring the role of negotiation and interpersonal relations, she recommended training of researchers to engage with international partners.
She re-affirmed the necessity for proper documentation, transparency and accountability for funds. She reminded Principal Investigators, researchers and staff in general that research grant money is received on behalf of the institution, and not individuals. Thus, GAMSU expects to receive quarterly reports on grants. She explained that whereas some units could have designated a researcher or a member of staff to manage grants, when following up reporting and accountability for such funds, GAMSU engages the College Principal and College Bursar/Accountant.
To continue onboarding staff on grant administration and management, Prof. Nannyonga-Tamusuza revealed that GAMSU would conduct an intensive three (3) day training for Accountants, Research Assistants and Staff who handle grants at the University.
Way Forward
The College leadership team was tasked to lobby management to have an institutionalized mechanism for staff who mobilise resources for the University.
The College leadership team would schedule a specialized meeting with the University’s central management pertaining to research, funding, grant writing and execution, and graduate training among others.
Noting that members of staff play a vital role in the success of the college, the participants recommended prioritization of staff welfare focusing on health, sports, and morale.
Touched by the active participation and articulation of critical issues, the Principal committed to work with the College management team to ensure that the retreat bringing on board the College Management team is held twice a year.
Closing remarks
Prof. Wokadala commended the College management team members for participating in the retreat. “The retreat is one of the vehicles of creating a bond as the College management team. I am glad that we have discussed a number of critical issues that align with the strategic direction of the University,” said the Deputy Principal.
Prof. Bbaale thanked the organizing team and participants, urging them to reflect on the discussions and implement agreed-upon actions to improve the college for the benefit of its stakeholders, including students and the broader community. He also pointed out the need for the next retreat to focus on aligning the College’s strategy with the National Development Plan 4 (NDP4), ensuring its relevance and contribution to national development goals.
Business & Management
Government Officials Equipped with Critical Skills in Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis
A two-week intensive training in Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis for government officers across Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) concluded today April 11, 2025 at the Pearl on the Nile Hotel in Jinja. The training, delivered under the Programme on Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis (PIAR) and spearheaded by the Public Investment Management Centre of Excellence (PIM CoE) at Makerere University, sought to bridge long-standing capacity gaps in the preparation, appraisal, and review of public sector projects.
The event was officially closed by Dr. Hennery Ssebukeera, representing the Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury at the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED). Dr. Ssebukeera highlighted that the training was designed in response to a comprehensive needs assessment, which revealed persistent gaps in government officers’ abilities to carry out cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses, and to prepare or assess pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.
“Many government projects have not been properly appraised due to limited internal capacity,” Dr. Ssebukeera stated. “Too often, we rely on external consultants to prepare feasibility studies, yet our officers are not adequately equipped to interrogate or validate those studies.” He expressed confidence that participants now possess practical skills to analyze topics such as risk analysis, financial modelling, discount rates, project finance, and consumer surplus. “You are now in a position to not only prepare but also critically evaluate complex project documentation,” he added.
Ms. Esther Ayebare, Acting Assistant Commissioner in the Public Investment Management Department at MoFPED, acknowledged the participants’ dedication and active engagement. “As the unit that hosts the Development Committee, we are pleased that this training has added critical skills to help you prepare and submit viable public projects,” she said, calling on the participants to be part of building a sustainable pipeline of investment-ready projects.
In his remarks, Dr. John Sseruyange, Manager of the PIM CoE, emphasized that this training is only the beginning. “While we’ve now completed the financial appraisal component, the next step is Economic Appraisal and Stakeholder Analysis—where we evaluate a project’s broader impact on society and the economy,” he said. He also extended appreciation to the Government of Uganda, particularly MoFPED, for funding the training, as well as to Ms. Esther Ayebare and other facilitators for their unwavering commitment.
Prof. Eria Hisali, who represented the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences, praised the participants for navigating what would typically be a semester-long course within just two weeks. “This is a practical, work-oriented training. The knowledge you’ve gained here should be applicable immediately,” he said. He further invited the graduates to attend the upcoming Public Investment Management Conference in August 2025 to share their experiences and provide feedback.
Participants also expressed their gratitude. One quoted the Quran, saying, “Whoever gives you knowledge has given you everything,” in appreciation of the facilitators and the opportunity to learn.
The PIAR program, jointly implemented by Makerere University, MoFPED, the National Planning Authority (NPA), and Cambridge Resources International (CRI), includes two modules: the just-completed Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis, and the upcoming Economic Appraisal and Stakeholder Analysis. As Uganda continues to push for better value from public investments, trainings like this are building a critical mass of experts who will ensure that every shilling invested delivers real impact.
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