Agriculture & Environment
East African EfD centers strategize on how to promote sustainable use of Lake Victoria Basin (LVB)
Lake Victoria is a trans-boundary natural resource, underpinning the economies and livelihoods of the population within the wider catchment area of Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda. The most significant part of the Lake, 51%, is in Tanzania, occupying 35,088 Km. Uganda has 43% of the Lake, while Kenya has 6%.
The lake acts as a source of fresh water, fishing, a waste repository and provides food, energy, water for irrigation, industry, drinking, tourism within and cross border transportation.
However, the lake and its surrounding areas have faced many challenges including rising lake water levels, moving islands, encroachment, ecological and biodiversity degradation which is evident in the probable extinction of several fish species.
The violation of the buffer zone policy of 200 meters away from the lake by investors, industries, farmers and settlers, increasing pollutants in form of polythene bags, plastics and untreated wastes and poor fishing methods have changed the lake ecosystem.
East African governments are signatories to the regional and international treaties targeted at conserving, protecting and ensuring sustainable use of natural resources within the lake basin. Whereas the international treaties have been domesticated in national legislation and, institutions and agencies have been established with mandates to safeguard the fragile ecosystems, unstainable use and management of the lake basin persists. This is partly attributed to political interferences, ineffective monitoring and poor implementation of the existing laws on the management and utilization of the lake.
Because of unstainable management of the lake, countries have witnessed unprecedented consequences such as floods and mudslides, extreme and unpredictable weather changes including where dams could not generate electricity due to very low water level and many other livelihood, social and economic impacts including loss of lives.
East African EfD centers meet in Uganda to discuss LVB issues
On 7th June 2023, Environment for Development Initiative (EfD) Makerere University Uganda organized a one-day high level policy dialogue on changes of Lake Victoria’s hydrology, water quality and livelihoods that was hosted by Uganda’s environment watchdog – the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) at its head office in Kampala, Uganda.
The dialogue was attended by the three East African EfD Centres led by the Directors; Prof. Richard Mulwa (EfD-Kenya), Dr. Onesmo Selejio (EfD Tanzania) and Prof. Edward Bbaale, for EfD-Uganda. Each country was represented by the delegates from different agencies. Among others, delegates from Kenya included Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) of Kenya, Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA) of Kenya and academia from the University of Nairobi. In Tanzania delegates spanned from Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Lake Victoria Basin, Mwanza, and other Academicians from Adhi University and University of Dar es Salaam. In Uganda, Delegates came from different agencies including Ministry of Finance, planning and Economic Development (MoFPED), National Planning Authority (NPA), Ministry of Water and Environment (MoWE), Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Environmental Police Protection Unit (EPPU), and academicians from Makerere University.
The Executive Director NEMA and host of the dialogue Dr. Akankwasah Birerega also graced the meeting.
Each country presented an in-depth analysis of the issues around LVB pertinent to its areas of jurisdictions, and later went into plenary discussion where short, mid and long-term interventions were proposed
Giving the background to the meeting, the Director EfD-Mak center Prof. Edward Bbaale said the need for this meeting arose from the impacts Uganda felt in 2020 when the country experienced heavy rainfall that made the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) unable to hold the water and caused a lot of havoc and predicaments on livelihoods.
During the period of late January 2020, fears of Lake Victoria bursting its banks started to be felt which later was followed by damaging of several landing sites and settlements as a result of floods. This led to disasters that left almost half a million people homeless and property worth billions of money had been lost in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
In April 2020, heavy floods with the moving vegetation chocked the hydroelectric power generation turbines at Jinja on Lake Victoria leading to a total blackout of the entire nation during a presidential address to the nation.
As a center, Bbaale said, the EfD-Mak conducted an investigation on the cause and what Government of Uganda can do to circumvent some of the issues through conducting national wide policy tours and came up with a policy paper.
Bbaale attributed the 2020 floods to Climate change, Lake Sedimentation due to catchment degradation and Buffer zone encroachment and lack of Regional Consensus on a well-coordinated Policy of regulating Lake Victoria inflow and outflow
The Director however said it was noted that L. Victoria is a trans-boundary natural resource benefiting East African countries and a source of River Nile holding livelihoods in Egypt and Sudan and thus, what Uganda does was bound to affect other countries, hence the need for the East African EfD centers to converge and debate what they can do together in terms policy frameworks and to tap from one another’s best practices.
“The current problems may threaten Lake Victoria basin for centuries if not well addressed at present. For example, all the major lakeside cities in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania could lose access to Lake Victoria in as little as 100 years.
We thought that we could leverage on each other’s information and knowledge on what we have collected concerning lake Victoria basin, come together, understand the issues from each country and how we can come up with one voice in the East African parliament and individual policy making bodies in our countries”, Said Bbaale
Bbaale reported that Environmental valuation in Uganda has huge capacity gaps. And more than often, environmentalists have vaguely responded to the president to weigh an industry over maintaining a wetland and many politicians have failed on the floor of parliament.
In addition to a deepened trans boundary cooperation on the management of the lake, tackling point and non-point source pollution, Bbaale called for the development of a coherent plan for conservation and rehabilitation of the fish fauna in Lake Victoria, strengthening capacity and human resources in environmental valuation as well as involvement of the general public in the management of the lake and observance of the buffer zone size of 200m away from the lake.
See the detailed EfD Mak presentation at the bottom of the page.
A cross-cutting enforcement body and an integrated Lake Victoria Basin Management policy for East Africa needed while producers must be responsible for their waste – Prof. Mulwa Kenya EfD Centre
The Director EfD-Kenya Prof Richard Mulwa decried the continued unsustainable utilization of natural resources despite many meetings targeting LVB. He said, the target for policy making on the lake basin and its ecosystem has been a moving target and would require a dynamic, adaptive, and collaborative approaches in balancing utilization and conservation.
Prof. Mulwa expressed the need for continued reviews and dialogues that incorporate the changing dynamics for example the changing climate.
At national level, Prof. Mulwa reported that Kenya has adopted integrated organic agriculture to reduce use of agrochemicals, promotes sustainable land use practices such as agro-forestry, crop rotation, conservation agriculture, and strives to eliminate the destructive fishing gears and enforcement of the allowable catch.
Other national interventions according to Prof. Mulwa are enhancement of waste management technologies and incorporation of the oil spills management plan and adoption of cleaner production technologies in industrial sector and mining sector, elimination of the use of cyanide and use the GDA (Gold Dressing Agent), Regulation of the aquaculture and develop MSP for suitability mapping , Promotion of conservation activities, integrating environmental considerations in County Integrated Development Plans including advocating and lobbying to expedite the enactment of many of the regulations that may govern activities in Lake Victoria that are still drafts.
Regionally, the Kenyan EfD Centre called for the Development of an integrated Lake Victoria Basin Management Policy/Regulation, formulation ofa regional monitoring commission under the East African CommunityandEnactment of draft regulations by the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC).
In addition to establishing an enforcing body that cuts across the five countries that share the resource, Prof Mulwa suggested that producers must be responsible for the waste they generate.
“Engage organizations on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) so each is responsible for waste collection and management around the basin and be able to care for the plastic bottles and how they are disposed’ He said.
See the detailed EfD Kenya presentation at the bottom of the page.
Declining water levels, water pollution and illegal fishing persistent challenges in Tanzania
Representing the Director EfD Tanzania, Dr. Rosemary Taylor said despite the immense contribution of the lake to many livelihoods, there is declining water levels due to evapotranspiration, given the Lake’s shallowness, poor land use practices, agricultural and industrial development, and water withdrawal for consumption.
The other threat and defining features of the lake’s water according to Dr. Taylor is eutrophication, poor water visibility, dramatic changes in nutrients, and hypoxia, resulting to a massive loss of biodiversity.
The deteriorating water quality was attributed the discharge of untreated municipal waste, industrial effluents, urban surface contaminated runoff, organic and inorganic waste for intensive agricultural activities, and municipality sewage.
To promote the sustainable use of the basin, Dr. Taylor submitted that Government of Tanzania signed various protocols and treaties with other partner countries, participates in regional organizations such as LVFO, formulated national legal and regulatory framework and established national agencies to facilitate the sustainability of the Basin. GoT also collaborates with development partners in promoting sustainable use of the Basin, fosters Local community awareness creation and engagements, and
Increased women’s participation in managing the basin’s resources.
Dr. Taylor however said, despite being signatory to regional and international protocols , illegal fishing leading to reduced fish stocks and water pollution leading to loss of biodiversity are the persistent challenges
Key findings from the national policy dialogue attributed the persistent challenges to unharmonized policies e.g., Diverse policies and strategies about various sectors, such as agriculture, fisheries, water, and tourism, may have conflicting objectives.
Other factors are the Inadequate implementation and loopholes of the existing legal and regulatory frameworks, Lack of a common objective and vision among the key players, Growing poverty among the locals and limited alternative sources of living among local people and the open access nature of the fishing activities.
“Harmonizing regional and national Policies, Laws, and Regulations can help establish consistent frameworks for sustainable management.
We also need to think about enhancing economic empowerment of local communities and stakeholder engagement (academia, private sector, etc.) and involving local communities in decision-making can enhance awareness creation and a sense of ownership of the basin’s resources”, Dr. Taylor submitted
See the detailed EfD Tanzania presentation at the bottom of the page.
Expand the horizon of your economics and put the economic value on every resource, ED NEMA to EfD Centers
The Executive Director NEMA Dr. Akankwasah Birerega underscored the role of the EfD initiative as the way to go on reason that quiet often the obstacles of the environment come from development and thus one cannot separate environment from development and vice versa.
“Environment for development is a very important initiative for pushing sustainable policies advocacy and making a case for conservation using the economic lens because most of the decision makers understand the economic lens faster than the ecological lens.
When you translate ecological lens to the economic lens, it is the same message but it will move faster.
If you say this forest is very important for rainfall formation and air we breathe, everybody will take it for granted as the usual talk of environmentalists. But if you give them what cost they will incur when the forest goes away, the message will sin faster.
When you tell people that air pollution will increase public expenditure on health management, the message moves faster than saying the air is bad. So we need economics to communicate environment because the most policy architects and policies in Africa are based on economics”, Dr. Birerega explained
He urged the EfD centers to to use the niche, ability and establishment they have to lead the shift to enhancing the broadness with which economics is looked with by expanding the horizon of economics to begin putting the economic value on every resource in environment be it water, air, pollution etc.
“Economics for development is a very significant vehicle for us to transform the way we look at things and therefore as NEMA we pledge our total commitment to working with you in delivering the objectives of economics for environment sustainability and development because there are no alternatives to that.
You cannot preach the gospel of ecology alone and succeed because development must happen. We should not look at development as brick and mortar and concrete but in a holistic manner”, NEMAs ED asserted.
Dr. Birerega expressed willingness to participate in the development and popularization of the policy paper arising from this dialogue noting that nationally and globally there is now a fair understanding of the value of environment due climate change, biodiversity loss and increasing levels of pollution.
“It is clear that you cannot ignore environment issues and continue talking about development. We ignored environment, it went silent and started fighting for itself and when it starts fighting, it always wins and so our politicians now have a fair view of the importance of the environment at national and global level”, He added.
He expressed hope that they no longer go through a lot of hustle to convince people for environment resources, the reason why there is a Climate Financing Unit in Ministry Finance, Planning and Economic Development.
Short, midterm and long term propositions during the plenary discussions
- The need for further scientific studies into the issues affecting LVB.
- Have a database where information concerning the LVB can be maintained and looked at what happens 10 years ago to inform policy.
- Involvement of local communities in the management and protection of natural sciences as the users.
- Enhance capacity building in water science to monitor how the seas and lakes behave.
- Using science to inform policy frameworks and devise means to invoke governments to use science informed policies.
- Public participation in environmental related dialogues and utilization of local knowledge to protect the LVB and move away from academic ranks.
- Harmonization of policies on alternative livelihood alternatives to reduce dependence on nature eg price of electricity and Gas to reduce use of wood fuel.
- All policies must have the policy action in order to achieve the objectives.
- Governments should incentivize local communities to protect lake shores and curb illegal fishing.
- Emphasize ENR valuation and enforcement.
- Environmentalists should make arguments based on science to address environmental problems eg if sedimentation continues, for the next so years the lake will dry up, given the magnitude of pollution.
- Governments should adopt participatory approach to start from local communities to the ministries.
- Extend the mandate of the LVB to all East African water bodies including Burundi and Rwanda for better implementation.
- Revisit national policies on offering certificates for residential, hoteliers and industries in fragile ecosystems to avoid double standards.
- Address the issue of sedimentation to national leaders and point out that in countries like Chad, a lake disappeared.
- Make a case for Uganda’s Presidential directive banning charcoal use that it shows good political will. However, there is need to provide alternative survival mechanism for communities to succeed e.g. how affordable is LPG gas and electricity.
- Countries should form technical committees to visit other countries to learn the best practices.
- Discussion on LVB should be promoted around the East African level under the Natural Resources Commission to gain political will.
- Investing institutional capacity building to provide ENR Valuation.
- Gazeting wetlands and enhancing public awareness for enforcement to be successful.
- Think of mechanisms to win political will to fight selective enforcement of the law.
- Government should address the issue of sewerage systems and waste management near water sources and adopt sanitary dumping sites.
- Strengthening existing partnerships within the country and across boarders and borrow best practices from neighbors, and bring resources together.
- Need to devote efforts in financing chapter and resource mobilization beyond governments and donors for long term financing for LVB policy implementation and capacity building.
- Establish village committees to participate in project evaluation and check on performance indicators.
- Evoke the education system in the region to build real patriotism from primary on importance of natural resources and the need to preserve it for the next generation. Borrow from Germany the sense of ownership of natural resources. Most education level of the population fishing in East Africa is more concerned with making super normal profit not the health and future of the stocks.
- Institutional strengthening to enhance implementation of regional instruments to manage natural resources and Biodiversity.
It was agreed that a writing team is constituted to synthesize the research findings from the three countries and come up with a single document written in simple language that policy makers can easily appreciate.
Later on, members would convene virtually in a webinar and further synthesize that paper for use as a policy brief or advocacy tool for sharing with government entities.
Given the opportunity, the policy paper will be presented to committees of parliament and other stakeholders. At the same time, EfD Tanzania, residing in a country hosting the East African Parliament in Arusha, will seek an opportunity to articulate the issues in the East African Parliament to promote awareness on LVB, converse political support and inform policy making.
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer, EfD-Mak Centre Uganda.
Agriculture & Environment
Makerere Students Urged to Register Agricultural Innovations to Avoid Plagiarism
By Hasifa Kabejja & Buwule Joseph Mary
The Principal of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) at Makerere University, Prof. Gorettie Nabonoga has urged student innovators to safeguard their intellectual property rights. Speaking at the end-of-recess exhibition organized by the School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Biosystems Engineering to showcase student-led innovations, she cautioned students about the risks of intellectual theft.
“It is essential to take proactive measures to protect your ideas,” Prof. Nabanoga emphasized. “If you have developed something original and useful, make sure to register your innovation. Intellectual property rights are essential for securing the recognition and rewards you deserve. Remember, plagiarism is not just an academic issue – it affects business and innovation.”
She commended the students for their creativity and responsiveness to local market needs.
Held at the School premises on 24th July 2025, the exhibition, attended by students, staff and industry stakeholders, featured a wide array of student-created products, including solar-dried fruit snacks, low-cost grain sorters, biodegradable packaging from crop waste, and nutrient-rich baked goods targeting malnutrition. Students presented petri dishes from a microbial analysis of street-vended mangoes sold around Makerere University, revealing that the fruits may be unhygienic and potentially unsafe for consumption. They also demonstrated a low-cost water purification technology designed for cleaning and reusing wastewater from pilot or food processing plants. The system utilizes moringa seed powder, charcoal, sand, stones, and cotton wool to produce clean, clear water suitable for reuse, such as for cleaning. Additionally, the students showcased the use of activated charcoal and beeswax to extend the shelf life of fruits like bananas and passion fruit. These innovative, low-cost technologies have the potential to be further developed and adopted by farmers and traders to reduce postharvest losses. The innovations were developed during a 10-week recess programme that immerses students in hands-on fieldwork, research, and product development.
In his remarks, Prof. Ivan Muzira Mukisa, Head, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, encouraged the students to envision their projects beyond the academic realm and focus on transforming them into viable commercial enterprises. “The future of agriculture lies in innovation. The students have demonstrated the potential to solve pressing challenges, create jobs, and build businesses. Their work shouldn’t end at the exhibition. It should continue into the market,” he said.
Dr. Stella Byakika, Coordinator of the recess programme, emphasized the importance of experiential learning in shaping Uganda’s next generation of agricultural leaders. “This programme goes beyond fulfilling academic requirements. It is a practical training platform where students apply their knowledge to real-world problems. We are preparing them not just to graduate, but to lead in transforming Uganda’s agricultural and agro-processing sectors,” she explained.
On behalf of her classmates, Ms. Ndegema Daphine, a Third Year student of Human Nutrition, expressed gratitude for the hands-on experience gained during their internship. “During the recess term, we had the opportunity to work directly with children suffering from severe acute malnutrition, including cases with edema and dermatosis. We participated in both inpatient and outpatient therapeutic care, which gave us a real-world perspective on the clinical management of these conditions. Unlike in the classroom, where we only study such cases theoretically, the internship allowed us to witness the treatment process a nd see patients recover first-hand. With guidance from our supervisors, we were able to conduct clinical assessments for malnutrition and edema, as well as evaluate dietary needs. We also put into practice what we had learned in our communication skills course by delivering nutrition education sessions, helping patients and caregivers understand the importance of proper nutrition in recovery and long-term health.”
Delivering her remarks, the Dean of the School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Biosystems Engineering (SFTNB), Dr Julia Kigozi appreciated the University and College Administration for their unwavering support towards students’ projects and academic endeavours. She commended the students for their creativity and commitment to excellence in their work. “Our goal is to nurture and produce well-rounded graduates who not only excel academically but also embody an entrepreneurial mind-set, a strong work ethic, a deep sense of social responsibility, and respect for authority. These values are essential as they prepare to make meaningful contributions to society and the broader global community.”
Held annually, the recess programme equips students with field experience through community-based projects, agribusiness development, and food innovation. The culminating exhibition serves as a platform for feedback, exposure, and networking with industry professionals.
More photos from the exhibition
Agriculture & Environment
CAES Revitalizes Internship Programme to Boost Students’ Field Experience & Community Impact
In an effort to enhance practical learning and support community and government initiatives, the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) at Makerere University has taken significant steps to revitalize its internship programme. The renewal offers students immersive field experiences, allowing them to develop crucial skills, gain first-hand insight into industry challenges, and make meaningful contributions to agricultural development. It equally fosters stronger collaborations with agricultural industries, research institutions, and community organizations.
This year, 51 students from various departments within the College engaged in diverse agricultural activities on farms across Mpigi and Masaka Districts, with a strong focus on the Parish Development Model (PDM) and the 4-Acre Model. In Mpigi, the training took place in Kasamu village, while in Masaka, the students were assigned to farms located in the Kyesiiga, Buwunga, and Kyanamukaka sub-counties. The primary host farms were Mbulamu Integrated Farm in Mpigi District and Green Valley Farm in Masaka District. Coordinated by Dr. Emmanuel Opolot from the Department of Soil Science and Land Use Management and Dr. Gabriel Karubanga of the Department of Extension and Innovation Studies, the internship aimed to provide hands-on learning in sustainable farming practices while sharing innovations with local farmers. The students engaged in multiple agricultural enterprises, including coffee, poultry, banana, and maize farming. They also acquired and shared expertise in modern irrigation techniques, production of renewable energy, and record keeping.
Key Enterprises and Training Areas
- Coffee Production
Over 60% of coffee quality is influenced by the method of harvesting, making it a critical focus area for improvement. In collaboration with local farmers, the students engaged in knowledge sharing and capacity building on sustainable farming practices aimed at increasing yields and improving both harvest and post-harvest handling processes. The students emphasized the importance of proper harvesting techniques, highlighting the differences between good and poor practices and how these can directly impact the quality of coffee. Training sessions covered key stages of post-harvest handling, including selective harvesting of ripe cherries, the floating process to remove defective beans, proper drying techniques to avoid mold and fermentation, accurate weighing and packaging, as well as safe storage and transportation methods to maintain bean quality. Additionally, the students gained practical knowledge in establishing and managing high-quality nursery beds. They learned how to produce healthy, disease-free seedlings by avoiding common mistakes in coffee farming, such as poor soil preparation, overcrowding, or inadequate pest control.
- Poultry Farming and Management
The students gained and exchanged knowledge on sustainable poultry farming practices. Key areas of learning included the significance of proper chick brooding, essential components of an effective brooding system, and step-by-step procedures for setting up and managing a successful brooder. Emphasis was placed on the care and management of chicks throughout the brooding period to ensure optimal growth and health. In addition, students acquired practical skills in egg quality assurance and grading based on established standards, which are crucial for market readiness and consumer safety. They also explored innovative and eco-friendly practices such as azolla farming for supplemental feed, and the use of black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable source of high-protein poultry feed. Furthermore, the importance of strict biosecurity measures to prevent disease outbreaks and maintain flock health was emphasized throughout the training.
- Banana Farming
The students acquired skills in the agronomic practices essential for successful banana cultivation. This included learning how to select high-quality planting materials to ensure healthy crop establishment. They were trained in proper planting techniques and maintenance practices such as weeding, mulching, and composting to improve soil health and moisture retention. The training also covered the appropriate application of manure and fertilizers to promote optimal plant growth. Additionally, students gained practical knowledge in pruning, propping, and desuckering to manage plant structure and enhance yield. The students equally attained skills in effective pest and disease management to protect the crop from common threats.
- Maize Farming
The students gained and exchanged valuable insights on the essential conditions necessary for the successful growth and development of maize. Mr. Lubwama Fred, a maize farmer from Mpambire village in Mpigi District, who benefits from support under the Parish Development Model (PDM), highlighted the positive impact of this knowledge-sharing. He explained that the information provided by the students helped him to effectively address several challenges that had been limiting productivity on his farm. These challenges included pest infestations such as monkeys and other pests, crop diseases, unpredictable price fluctuations in the market, and issues related to soil infertility. With the new strategies and techniques learned, Mr. Lubwama has been able to improve crop health and yield, demonstrating the practical value of the internship programme.
- Artificial Insemination and Silage Making
In the livestock sector, students were provided with practical training and hands-on experience in artificial insemination techniques, an essential method for enhancing genetic quality and improving breed performance in farm animals. Additionally, they learned the intricacies of silage making, a vital process for preserving high-quality forage to ensure consistent and nutritious livestock feed during dry seasons.
- Smart Irrigation and Water Conservation in Agriculture
In collaboration with farmers, the students explored advanced and innovative irrigation methods aimed at promoting water conservation in agriculture. They gained hands-on experience with various systems such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, solar-powered pumps, and manual watering techniques. Alongside understanding how these technologies function, the students also learned essential maintenance practices to ensure the longevity and efficiency of irrigation equipment. They were introduced to practical water-saving strategies that can help optimize water usage, reduce wastage, and contribute to sustainable farming practices.
- Sustainable Solar Drying for a Bountiful Harvest
During their training, the students acquired valuable skills in sustainable solar drying techniques. This eco-friendly method harnesses the power of the sun to effectively dry agricultural produce, helping to preserve quality while reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. By mastering these techniques, the students are better equipped to promote environmentally responsible practices that contribute to increased food security and reduced post-harvest losses.
- Record Keeping
Students developed a comprehensive understanding of record-keeping practices, recognizing it as a crucial component of modern farming. Accurate and systematic record keeping enables farmers to track crop performance, manage resources efficiently, monitor financial transactions, and make informed decisions to enhance productivity and sustainability in agricultural operations.
- Biogas Production
During their internship, students actively engaged in hands-on training in biogas production. This practical experience allowed them to understand the underlying biological and chemical processes, operate relevant equipment, and appreciate the environmental and economic benefits of renewable energy generation through biogas technology.
CAES Field Days and End of Internship Programme
The 8-week internship programme, which commenced in June 2025, concluded with field day activities held on 22nd and 23rd July at Mbulamu Integrated Farm in Mpigi District and Green Valley Farm in Masaka District, respectively. According to Dr. Emmanuel Opolot, one of the internship coordinators, the event aimed to showcase the students’ work and foster an exchange of experiences between the interns and local farmers. Additionally, the activities provided a valuable opportunity to gather feedback from the farmers on the training gaps. During the event, participants, including the students’ supervisors from CAES, Makerere University, and farmers from the respective districts, toured the various projects the students had been working on.
Students’ Reflections
Sharing their experiences, the students, led by Mr. Mayson Wangusa (Mpigi District) and Mr. Clever Asiimwe (Masaka), explained how the programme had profoundly transformed their mind-set and equipped them with essential skills in modern agriculture. “Initially, when we travelled to these remote villages for our internship, the sheer isolation almost discouraged us from continuing. However, as time passed, we adapted to the environment and began to truly appreciate and enjoy the training. Through this hands-on experience, we acquired invaluable practical skills that have significantly enriched our understanding of agricultural practices. We are deeply grateful to the University and College Management, our dedicated coordinators, the supervisors, and our generous hosts for their unwavering support throughout this journey. Their guidance and encouragement played a crucial role in making this learning experience both meaningful and rewarding.”
Farmers’ Perspectives
According to Mr. Tonda Deogratious, the owner and proprietor of Mbulamu Integrated Farm in Mpigi District, the initiative is highly commendable. “I thank Makerere University for this kind of arrangement. While its primary goal was to equip students with practical skills, we as farmers have benefited immensely. The students have been incredibly resourceful and we have learned a lot from working with them. Their presence has broadened our approach to modern farming practices. With our 60-acre coffee farm, a student recommended introducing an Agricultural Production Log (APL) to improve management and is currently drafting for us a proposal in that line. The students also suggested using Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) solutions to enhance piggery management, and we are now collaborating on a proposal in that area. We have also gained valuable skills in tick management and record keeping. Given their expertise, I plan to continue working with the students. I also strongly encourage the University to sustain this partnership.”
Mr. Tonda further praised the students for their discipline and professionalism throughout the training programme.
As a farmer operating within the 4-acre model, Mr. Tonda highly advocates for mixed farming. “By integrating different types of agricultural activities, such as crop cultivation alongside livestock rearing, farm units can mutually support one another, leading to increased efficiency and resilience. This approach not only maximizes the use of available land and resources but also helps reduce overall costs by diversifying income sources and minimizing dependency on a single commodity.”
Mr. James Kabiito, the proprietor of Green Valley Farm located in Kyesiiga Sub County, Masaka District, is equally appreciative of the programme. He emphasized the vital role that universities play in advancing and transforming the agricultural sector. According to Mr. Kabiito, collaborating directly with students on his farm has been a significant benefit. Speaking during the field day activities on 23rd July 2025, he noted that the students had consistently demonstrated resourcefulness, bringing fresh ideas and energy that contributed positively to the farm’s operations. “This hands-on partnership not only supports the students’ practical learning but also enhances the overall productivity and innovation within the agricultural community.”
Remarks by the DPMOs
Mpigi District DPMO, Mr. Patrick Ssserwadda and Masaka District DPMO, Mr. Ssekayi Godfrey expressed gratitude for the programme, emphasizing its role in enhancing the partnership between academic institutions and grassroots communities. They noted that such initiatives not only provide practical solutions to local challenges but also create a platform for mutual learning and knowledge exchange. “The collaboration between the University and local governments is a significant step forward. It allows us to tap into academic research and innovation to improve livelihoods and drive sustainable development in our districts,” Mr. Sserwadda explained. Mr. Ssekayi echoed the sentiment, calling for even deeper collaboration in research and extension services. “Strengthening research partnerships will enable us to address community-specific needs more effectively, and ensure that interventions are both evidence-based and impactful,” he stated.
Remarks by the University officials
Speaking on behalf of the Dean of the School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Dr. Olupot Giregon praised the initiative, describing it as a transformative approach to enhancing the practical dimension of agricultural training. He emphasized that such hands-on experience is essential for bridging the gap between academic training and real-world agricultural practice. Dr. Olupot expressed the School’s commitment to ensuring the continuity and sustainability of the programme, highlighting its potential long-term benefits for both students and host communities. Furthermore, he advocated for the integration of a soil management component within the district production units, noting its critical role in enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. He thanked the host communities for their invaluable support and hospitality towards the students. He acknowledged the University and College leadership for their foresight and innovation in reshaping the internship programme to better meet the evolving needs of students and the agricultural sector.
On behalf of the Principal of CAES, Dr. Richard Miiro from the Department of Extension and Innovation Studies expressed gratitude to the host farmers for their willingness to train and mentor the students. “Makerere University deeply values this partnership, as farmers play a pivotal role in driving the growth and development of the agricultural sector, which remains the cornerstone of Uganda’s economy.” Dr. Miiro highlighted the significant impact of the programme, noting that it has been instrumental in reshaping the perspectives and attitudes of the students toward agriculture. “Through hands-on experience and direct engagement with farming communities, our students gain practical knowledge and skills, leaving the field better equipped and more confident as future agricultural professionals.” Furthermore, he appreciated the Government of Uganda for its continued support and commitment to advancing agricultural education and development. This collaboration, he noted, is a vital step toward strengthening the sector and fostering sustainable agricultural practices that benefit the nation. He commended the coordinators of the programmes for the guidance and mentorship provided to the students. On behalf of the College, Dr Miiro handed over two irrigation pumps to farmer groups in Mpigi and Masaka Districts. He also handed over a soil testing kit donated to the Masaka District Production Unit.
The coordinators represented by Dr. Opolot expressed gratitude to the College and University Management for their visionary efforts in redesigning the agricultural internship programme. “This thoughtful restructuring will significantly enhance the learning experience and better prepare students for the evolving demands of the agricultural sector.” He further praised the students for their resilience, unwavering dedication, and enthusiastic commitment to learning throughout the internship period. “You have demonstrated great potential to drive transformation in the agricultural sector.”
The LC5 Chairman, Masaka District
The LC5 Chairman of Masaka District, Mr. Andrew Battemyetto Lukyamuzi, appreciated the government for its continued support of internship programmes at the district. He highlighted the importance of establishing soil fertility centres within the district to improve crop productivity and ensure sustainable agricultural practices. Mr. Lukyamuzi also called for increased support in providing affordable agricultural inputs to farmers, alongside initiatives aimed at reskilling and empowering them to enhance agricultural output. He underscored the vital role of partnerships between universities and local communities, noting that such collaborations are essential for driving innovation and boosting agricultural production. He advised students to maintain discipline throughout their studies, and encouraged them to approach the job market with an open and adaptable mind-set.
More photos on the activities at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1EReMonIyk8zHtYdJMaEQVReIb8XXr1lI?usp=sharing
Agriculture & Environment
Mak Signs MoU with NAU China to Boost Agricultural Research and Innovation
Makerere University has today July 28, 2025, signed a landmark Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) of China, aimed at strengthening institutional collaboration in agricultural research, training, innovation, and capacity building.
The agreement, to be implemented at Makerere University’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), marks a major milestone in the university’s efforts to foster global partnerships that support sustainable agricultural development and academic excellence.
Speaking at the signing ceremony, Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, emphasized the importance of the collaboration in enhancing the university’s strategic objectives in agricultural science and innovation. “This MoU is a testament to our shared commitment to advancing research that responds to local and global food security needs. It opens up pathways for our staff and students to gain international exposure while co-developing solutions with NAU,” he said.
Prof. Zhu Yan, Vice President of NAU, led the Chinese delegation and expressed great optimism about the future of the partnership. “NAU is proud to join hands with Makerere University, one of Africa’s premier institutions. Together, we will pursue impactful research, promote knowledge exchange, and cultivate the next generation of agricultural scientists and innovators,” she noted.
Also speaking at the event, Hon. Vincent Bamulangaki Ssempijja, who led the delegation from NAU, expressed confidence in the partnership and its potential to transform Uganda’s agricultural sector. He particularly noted the opportunity to improve the coffee value chain, enhance marketing strategies, and support the production of organic fertilizers through collaborative research and technology transfer. “This partnership is timely. It aligns well with Uganda’s agricultural transformation agenda, and I am confident it will yield lasting impact for our farmers and agro-industrial players,” he said.
The five-year MoU outlines collaboration in various areas including:
- Joint research projects in agriculture, environmental sciences, food systems, and biosystems engineering;
- Student and staff exchanges for training, internships, and fellowships;
- Development of innovative teaching and learning technologies;
- Joint resource mobilization and participation in global partnerships with bodies such as the UNDP and WHO;
- Promotion of knowledge transfer and sustainable solutions to community challenges.
The ceremony was witnessed by university leaders, faculty, and government officials from both institutions, and concluded with a commitment to initiate pilot programs and joint research activities within the next academic year.
This partnership adds to Makerere University’s growing portfolio of global collaborations aimed at expanding its reach, influence, and contribution to solving some of the world’s most pressing challenges through science and innovation.
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