Connect with us

Health

We Are Pushing Nature to the Edge—But Solutions Are Within Reach: Global Conversations on Sustainable Health

Published

on

By Davidson Ndyabahika and Johanna Blomgren

We’ve all done it—tossed leftovers, ignored wilted greens, or shrugged at a half-eaten meal. Food waste is a quiet guilt we all share, a reflex in a world of abundance and scarcity. But what if this small act connects to a larger global issue? On February 26, 2025, experts from Uganda, Sweden, and beyond gathered in a virtual seminar, asking, “How can we nourish ourselves without harming the planet?” Hosted by the Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH), the discussion revealed a harsh truth—our food habits are draining the Earth.

The discussion on sustainable food systems marked the beginning of the annual four-part global conversation on sustainable health, organized through a collaboration between Sweden’s Karolinska Institutet and Uganda’s Makerere University under the auspices of CESH.

In Kampala, the paradox is stark. Every day, 750 tons of food waste fill the city’s landfills, enough to feed thousands. Rotten mangoes spill from crates in Nakasero Market, and half-eaten Rolex wraps pile behind street stalls. Uganda’s Food Rights Alliance shows 37.8% of this waste comes from plates and markets. Across East Africa, organic waste, like spoiled vegetables and discarded tubers, makes up 79% of urban trash—a grim reflection of broken systems. Beyond this is a city stuck with piles and piles of organic trash, which has previously been fatal with a slide in one of Kampala’s major landfills. Meanwhile, 26% of Uganda’s children remain stunted.

At the heart of this week’s global conversation was the WWF’s Living Planet Report 2024, a sobering revelation of a 73% decline in global wildlife populations since 1970. Freshwater ecosystems have hemorrhaged 85% of biodiversity, Latin America’s species richness has plummeted by 95%, and Africa—home to smallholder farmers who feed millions—has lost 76%. “Nature is disappearing at an alarming rate,” warned Harold Turinawe, WWF Uganda’s Forest Markets Transformation Manager, his voice weighted with urgency.

“We are pushing Earth’s systems to irreversible tipping points, and despite the increase in food production and land use and the destruction of habitats, the world is still hungry; we have over 735 million people going to bed hungry every other night. The contradiction is striking,” Turinawe added.

Mr. Harold Turinawe, Forest Markets Transformation Manager, World Wide Fund for Nature, Uganda Country Office. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa-Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH)-Global Conversations on Sustainable Health.

The report highlights the Amazon’s lush canopies that are felled for cattle ranches. The interplay of man’s unsustainable utilization of Mother Nature, leading to the food paradox, feast, famine, and ecological ruin, underscores the urgency of addressing global goals in a coordinated manner.

The report’s indictment of industrial food systems is clear: agriculture claims 40% of habitable land, 70% of freshwater, and drives 25% of greenhouse emissions. Yet, 735 million people still starve nightly. “Our obsession with monocultures and processed foods isn’t just destroying habitats—it’s failing humanity,” said Dr. Rawlance Ndejjo, the seminar’s moderator and a public health lecturer at Makerere University.

Florence Tushemerirwe, a Ugandan public health nutrition expert based at Makerere University’s School of Public Health, pointed out the irony: 26% of children are stunted, while obesity rises among adults in Uganda. “We grow nutrient-rich crops but export them, leaving people dependent on cheap, processed imports. In fact, many people do not appreciate their nutrient value,” she said. Uganda’s iodine-depleted soils now rely on fortified foods—a temporary fix for a growing crisis.

Ms. Florence Tushemerirwe, Public Health Nutritionist and Research Associate. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa-Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH)-Global Conversations on Sustainable Health.

All through the seminar, the message was clear: we are wasting abundance while ecosystems crumble and people go hungry. “Our salt is iodized because our soils no longer provide it. Biodiversity loss isn’t abstract—it’s stealing nutrients from our plates. But if we don’t maintain our nature’s health, or our environmental health, or our natural resources health, it means that whatever food we grow, we actually do not carry the nutrients we need to maintain a diverse diet,” said Tushemerirwe.

The panel dissected global food trade’s role. WWF’s Turinawe lamented, “90% of deforestation is for agriculture. In Uganda, the once-vibrant wetland ecosystems of Lwera at the shores of Lake Victoria now face severe degradation due to large-scale rice growers; in the Amazon, its cattle ranches.”

Dr. Rachel Marie Mazac of Stockholm Resilience Centre stressed Europe’s complicity: “Sweden’s ‘virtual biodiversity loss’—importing deforestation via beef and soy—shows how our diets export destruction.”

“From a Swedish perspective, we are highly dependent on imports, particularly raw materials, which contribute significantly to biodiversity loss in other regions. It’s difficult to pinpoint the exact impact, especially with biodiversity, but there’s a concept of “virtual impact,” says Dr. Mazac.

Dr. Rachel Mazac, Postdoctoral Researcher, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa-Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH)-Global Conversations on Sustainable Health.

Food consumed in Sweden, though produced elsewhere, contributes to biodiversity loss in those areas. The issue links to trade, food production, and distribution. It’s not just about production or waste but also equitable distribution.

Dr. Ndejjo added starkly, “You could be eating a burger from a cow grazed on razed Amazon forest. Guilt isn’t enough—we need systemic change.”

Amid the grim statistics, the panelists outlined a roadmap for redemption: nature-positive agriculture, subsidy policy reform, improved localized diets, global accountability, and honest discussions on the GMO dilemma.

Turinawe emphasized the need for agroecology in extension services—integrating trees, crops, and livestock to rebuild soil health and biodiversity. He stressed while critiquing Uganda’s Parish Development Extension Model for prioritizing enterprises for profit over sustainability. “We are saying get one million to a farmer. What are they producing? They are engaging in commodities that are predetermined. Nobody’s talking about Mother Nature. Who takes care of the soil? Who takes care of the water needs? Who takes care of the diversification we are talking about? But diversification in the diet begins with diversification on the farm. So my first issue is strengthening the agricultural extension services,” says Turinawe.

Adding that things like soil health management, land tenure system farmer-to-farmer network for peer learning, and fair farmer subsidies should be key to planning and agricultural extension.

“In Uganda, where I come from, and currently in Kampala, if you head north towards Zirobwe in Luweero District, you’ll find people we call Bibanja owners—essentially squatters who don’t own the land they occupy. These individuals cannot engage in sustainable agriculture as we’re discussing; their focus is survival. What we need are programs that give farmers secure land rights, which can motivate them to invest in soil health and environmental conservation—investments that take time. Improving soil is not a short-term effort; it requires long-term actions like planting trees, integrating practices, and using farmyard manure. None of this is realistic for someone who fears being displaced tomorrow. We need to approach this challenge collectively.”

Subsidies must reward sustainable practices, not industrial giants.

“Why not tax breaks for farmers using organic manure?” Turinawe challenged. “I would love to hear that a farmer that is engaged in sustainable cocoa production and coffee production gets a tax holiday rather than having a blanket of investors getting a holiday. Put subsidies and investment incentives in the right direction. We shall spur production, and of course, this will also bring in corporate partnerships, and we can make our supply chains safer, better, more green, and more sustainable,” Turinawe added.

Dr. Mazac noted that “nature-positive production can feed the world by optimizing crops, livestock, and wild fisheries, and supporting aquaculture that works with wetlands, not against them.” For Mazac, policy is key: She is also an advocate of subsidies and taxes that benefit farmers. Those that ensure incentives that improve soil health and maintain water quality as well as tackle climate change in order to make sustainability profitable.

“We must rethink trade to avoid widening the gap between food-producing areas and markets and instead support local farmers. Subsidies and taxes should empower these communities to nourish their populations before focusing on exports. While exports generate income, they also have significant impacts. A possible solution is changing production systems, but we must also shift dietary and consumption habits, making this a collective effort, not just an individual responsibility.”

Tushemerirwe is hungry for reviving indigenous crops and regulating predatory marketing. “Awareness is power. We must teach communities to value their traditional foods over processed substitutes.”

“There is good food grown in rural areas and available in markets, but people don’t recognize its value due to lack of guidance. We need food-based data guidelines to raise awareness. The Uganda Ministry of Health has a draft for this, along with draft policies to regulate unhealthy food marketing, especially to children. Junk food is advertised everywhere: hospitals, schools, and even street billboards, with fast food chains clustered together. We must regulate this and educate people on the nutritional benefits of eating what they grow over imported alternatives,” she stated.

Dr. Ndejjo believes these draft guidelines to regulate unhealthy food marketing should be finalized into policies and urges policymakers and implementers to prioritize the urgent need for these documents.

Dr. Rawlence Ndejjo, Lecturer, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa-Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH)-Global Conversations on Sustainable Health.

The conversation also weighed in on the genetic engineering in agriculture for increased crop yields, popular for GMOs, a dilemma that panelists called for their democratization rather than demonizing them. While Dr. Mazac cautioned against corporate-controlled seeds, Turinawe acknowledged their potential: “If democratized, drought-resistant crops could save farms in a warming world.”

Dr. Mazac noted that while in Europe and the European Union, they are not allowed to grow or sell foods that have been genetically modified, the essence of them should not be overlooked, since they are a technology that seeks to solve the future food crisis.

 “GMOs aren’t inherently evil. Drought-resistant crops could save farms—but corporate patents trap farmers,” she said.

Turinawe added, “Our approach to GMO’s is a measure one bordering more on ethics and responsible use of GMOs; we see GMOs as a tool to promote resilience, especially since everything has changed—the food we once relied on can no longer grow in the same way. If GMOs help improve crop resilience, that’s a valuable tool. However, there are concerns that companies like Monsanto could use the GMO technology as a tool of exclusion, e.g., the fear of monopolizing future seed markets. This is where caution is needed.”

A Call for Radical Collaboration

The seminar’s resounding theme was unity: multi-sectoral collaboration is non-negotiable. From street food vendors to policymakers in the boardrooms, every actor must align. “Food systems aren’t siloed,” Dr. Mazac asserted. “They’re woven into climate, economy, and culture.”

“I think we need to sit and agree and engage quite regularly and find solutions for us to be able to produce food but sustainably,” concluded Tushemerirwe.

The Path Ahead

CESH’s global conversations on sustainable health are a microcosm of a global awakening, especially in tracking progress to meet our goals for 2030 and beyond: This seminar on food systems emphasizes the interconnectedness of food security and biodiversity. With the next UN Climate Summit (COP29) on the horizon, the panel’s message is clear—transformative change is possible, but only through courage, equity, and an unyielding reverence for nature.

To find more about this global conversation on sustainable health and more, visit CESH.health

Davidson Ndyabahika and Johanna Blomgren are the co-organisers of the global conversation on sustainable health

Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa-Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health (CESH)-Global Conversations on Sustainable Health.

View on MakSPH

Mak Editor

Health

NIH/Fogarty Director Visits MakCHS, Underscores Impact of Research Training and Health Partnerships

Published

on

Officials pose for a group photo with Dr. Steven Schiff during his visit to CHS on 5th August 2026. Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) hosts Director of the NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC), Dr. Steven Schiff, 5th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

On 5th August 2026, Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) hosted the Director of the NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC), Dr. Steven Schiff, for a visit highlighting the College’s research, training and institutional partnerships supported through the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Fogarty International Center.

The visit included engagements at MakCHS and Mulago National Referral Hospital, bringing together College leadership, Directors of teaching hospitals affiliated with MakCHS, research investigators and trainees. In attendance were Dr. Joseph Kagaayi who represented the Dean of the Makerere University School of Public Health, Dr. Elias Kumbakumba, Dean of the School of Health Sciences at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) and Dr. Cissy Kityo Mutuluuza, Executive Director, Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC).

A key focus of the visit was the impact of D43 research training programmes supported by NIH/FIC. Principal Investigators presented examples of how the programmes have strengthened research capacity, developed new scientific expertise, supported postgraduate training and contributed to health research and policy in Uganda.

Welcoming Dr. Schiff, Professor Bruce Kirenga, Principal-MakCHS provided an overview of the College, its history, academic programmes, research priorities and extensive network of teaching and research sites. The College, Uganda’s premier centres for health professional education, currently brings together four schools: the School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, alongside a range of research centres and specialised programmes.

Professor Kirenga highlighted the growing breadth of research at MakCHS, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, translational medicine, population health, mental health, digital health, implementation science, biomedical sciences, genomics, bioinformatics and data science.

Prof. Bruce Kirenga (Standing) makes his remarks. Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) hosts Director of the NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC), Dr. Steven Schiff, 5th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Bruce Kirenga (Standing) makes his remarks.
CURRENT D43 PROJECTS AT MAKCHS
No.Award TitlePrincipal Investigator
1Reducing the Impact of Rheumatic Heart Disease across the Life Span: The Impact ProgramProf. Nelson Sewankambo
2Enhancing Research capacity for Sickle Cell Disease and related NCDs across the Lifespan in Uganda. “Enrich Project”Prof. Sarah Kiguli
3Scaling Up advanced genomics and bioinformatics Research training in paediatric HIV/AIDS in Uganda – SURGEDr. Kyobe, Samuel
4Training in Malaria Epidemiology, Translational Research, and Implementation Science to Strengthen Malaria Policy and Control in UgandaProf. Moses Robert Kamya
5Strengthening behavioral and social science research capacity to address overlapping stigma, social and psychological challenges among people with HIV in UgandaProf. Moses Robert Kamya
6Training in non-communicable diseases epidemiological, data science and Implementation Science research to strengthen evidence-based interventions, policy and control in UgandaAssoc. Prof. Bruce James Kirenga
7Building Implementation Science Capacity at Makerere University to Strengthen the Response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in UgandaProf. Moses Robert Kamya
8Training in Malaria Epidemiology, Translational Research, and Implementation Science to Strengthen Malaria Policy and Control in UgandaProf. Moses Robert Kamya
9Harnessing Health Data Science capacity to strengthen evidence-based interventions, policy and response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Uganda (H-DATA)Prof. David Patrick Kateete

From research training to real-world impact

Presentations from D43 Principal Investigators demonstrated how sustained NIH/FIC investment has supported researchers at different stages of their careers while contributing to evidence that can inform health programmes and policy.

In malaria research, trainees have been involved in studies examining the effectiveness of interventions such as insecticide-treated bed nets and the immunological consequences of reduced malaria transmission. Researchers are also investigating how malaria risk and immunity change when transmission is interrupted, generating evidence that can help inform strategies for sustaining the gains made through malaria control.

The implementation science portfolio provided another example of research translating into measurable health outcomes. One study examining enhanced counselling and peer support among young people living with HIV in south-western Uganda reported improvements in HIV-related outcomes, demonstrating the potential of locally-led research to strengthen service delivery.

Researchers in behavioural and social sciences have also been supported to investigate mental health and other health outcomes, illustrating the multidisciplinary nature of MakCHS research and the importance of combining biomedical, clinical and social science approaches.

Building capacity in specialised and emerging fields

The presentations also showcased the role of NIH/FIC-supported programmes in creating expertise in areas that were previously limited or unavailable within Uganda.

A programme focused on HIV research among pregnant women, children and adolescents has supported postgraduate and short-course training in areas including clinical trial design, pharmacokinetics, biostatistics, behavioural science, regulatory and ethical considerations, and implementation science.

Other programmes have contributed to the development of expertise in bioinformatics, genomics and data science, including the establishment and strengthening of postgraduate programmes. Researchers are increasingly applying artificial intelligence and machine learning to complex biomedical and HIV datasets, with the goal of generating evidence that can be translated into policy and practice.

Dr. Cissy Kityo Mutuluuza, Executive Director of the JCRC highlighted emerging work in gene and cell therapy under the NIH/FIC supported project Building Gene Therapy Capacity in Uganda implemented at JCRC. She explained that the programme includes efforts to establish sustainable research and training capacity for HIV cure research in Uganda. The programme brings together institutions in Uganda and international partners, with an emphasis on developing locally relevant expertise, infrastructure and research capability.

Dr. Cissy Kityo Mutuluuza (Standing) highlights JCRC's work. Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) hosts Director of the NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC), Dr. Steven Schiff, 5th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Cissy Kityo Mutuluuza (Standing) highlights JCRC’s work.

Strengthening institutions and developing future leaders

Beyond individual research projects, speakers emphasised the broader institutional impact of Fogarty-supported training.

Over the years, NIH/FIC-supported collaborations have contributed to the development of postgraduate programmes, research laboratories, specialised scientific disciplines and networks of researchers across Uganda. Trainees have progressed into academic and research leadership positions, with some becoming professors, programme leaders and advisors contributing to national health initiatives.

The programmes have also supported short courses, mentorship, international research placements and collaborations designed to enable Ugandan scientists to develop advanced skills and return to strengthen research and training at home.

Presenters stressed the importance of moving beyond individual training to building institutions capable of sustaining research programmes, mentoring future scientists, managing complex studies and translating findings into health interventions.

Research serving Uganda’s health system

The visit also underscored the close relationship between MakCHS research and Uganda’s health system. Researchers and faculty contribute to national programmes in areas including HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, vaccines, maternal and child health and other public health priorities.

Evidence generated through research has helped inform national guidelines, programmes and policy discussions, while College researchers and teaching hospitals continue to provide expertise during public health emergencies and disease outbreaks.

The speakers noted that partnerships such as those supported by NIH/FIC are most valuable when they create lasting local capacity — enabling Ugandan institutions and scientists to generate and use evidence to address the country’s health priorities.

A partnership built on shared learning

Dr. Steven Schiff makes his presentation. Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) hosts Director of the NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC), Dr. Steven Schiff, 5th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Steven Schiff makes his presentation.

In his engagement with the College, Dr. Schiff reflected on the longstanding relationship between NIH/Fogarty-supported programmes and Ugandan researchers. He acknowledged the depth of expertise and experience that has developed through years of collaboration and emphasised the value of partnerships that support scientific exchange and capacity building in both directions.

Dr. Schiff noted that the presentations demonstrated impact of the partnerships which extends well beyond the number of people trained. Investments in researchers have helped establish new academic programmes, strengthen laboratories and research infrastructure, expand multidisciplinary collaborations and create a growing generation of scientists able to lead research in Uganda and internationally.

The visit therefore provided an opportunity not only to showcase ongoing work, but also to reflect on the evolution of research capacity at MakCHS and its contribution to Uganda’s health priorities.

As MakCHS continues to expand its research portfolio into emerging areas such as artificial intelligence, genomics, precision medicine, translational science and advanced therapeutics, the College reaffirmed the importance of strategic partnerships in developing the people, systems and infrastructure needed to turn scientific discoveries into improved health outcomes.

Zaam Ssali
Zaam Ssali

Continue Reading

Health

AFRHiCARE Shares Evidence and Co-Creates Solutions to Strengthen Uganda’s First-Referral Hospitals

Published

on

Stakeholders pose for a group photo during the AFRHiCARE Meeting held on 13th August 2026. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Wellcome Trust through a 2023–2029 Discovery Award-funded Future of Africa’s First Referral Hospitals: Innovation and Care (AFRHiCARE) research initiative stakeholders from five first-referral hospitals in Uganda meeting to review research findings, reflect on persistent challenges and identify practical solutions to strengthen hospital performance and quality of care, 13th August 2026, Kabira Country Club, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The Future of Africa’s First Referral Hospitals: Innovation and Care (AFRHiCARE) research initiative on August 13, 2026 brought together stakeholders from five first-referral hospitals in Uganda to review research findings, reflect on persistent challenges and identify practical solutions to strengthen hospital performance and quality of care.

Funded by the Wellcome Trust through a 2023–2029 Discovery Award, AFRHiCARE is a partnership between Makerere University, the University of the Witwatersrand, the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and the University of Oxford. The initiative seeks to generate evidence to inform the future development of first-referral hospitals, with a focus on service delivery, health workforce dynamics, leadership, management, governance and technology.

In Uganda, the study is being implemented at Kawolo Hospital, St. Joseph’s Hospital Naggalama, Adjumani Hospital, Kiryandongo Hospital and Masindi Hospital. The hospitals play a critical role within the Primary Health Care (PHC) system, linking lower-level health facilities to higher-level referral services.

The stakeholder meeting provided an opportunity for the participating hospitals and other stakeholders to move beyond receiving research findings to interrogating the evidence, sharing experiences and identifying actions that can be implemented at hospital, district and national levels. This approach is central to AFRHiCARE, which uses stakeholder engagement to promote cross-learning and support hospitals to develop quality improvement actions.

Evidence from the health workforce

One of the key areas presented was the status of the health workforce across the five hospitals. The first-round assessment surveyed 609 frontline health workers. It examined staffing, job satisfaction and professional quality of life.

Some of the AFRHiCARE Stakeholders in a group discussion. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Wellcome Trust through a 2023–2029 Discovery Award-funded Future of Africa’s First Referral Hospitals: Innovation and Care (AFRHiCARE) research initiative stakeholders from five first-referral hospitals in Uganda meeting to review research findings, reflect on persistent challenges and identify practical solutions to strengthen hospital performance and quality of care, 13th August 2026, Kabira Country Club, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the AFRHiCARE Stakeholders in a group discussion.

The findings show a significant staffing gap. Against the 2023 staffing norm of 343 staff, all five hospitals were operating at less than half of the recommended level. Masindi Hospital had the largest gap, operating at 37.6% of the norm, while Adjumani, Kiryandongo, Kawolo and Naggalama were at 48.1%, 48.7%, 44.9% and 44.6%, respectively.

However, the findings suggest that staff retention is relatively good in the public hospitals. The main challenge appears to be recruitment and filling vacant positions rather than widespread staff turnover.

Health workers identified promotion, workload and salary as the lowest-rated aspects of their jobs across the five hospitals. Overall job satisfaction ranged from 59% in Masindi to 71% in Naggalama.

Despite these challenges, the findings reveal strong commitment among health workers. Compassion satisfaction was high, with many reporting pride in their work. At the same time, workload emerged as a major concern.

Strong relationships among colleagues were also identified as a key strength, suggesting that teamwork and peer support remain important sources of resilience within the hospitals.

Strengthening hospitals within the health system

Speaking during the dissemination, Dr. Raymond Tweheyo, Co-Principal Investigator and Research Manager for AFRHiCARE Uganda, noted that first-referral hospitals have often been neglected in critical areas, including staffing, financing, infrastructure, leadership, management and governance.

Dr. Raymond Tweheyo. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Wellcome Trust through a 2023–2029 Discovery Award-funded Future of Africa’s First Referral Hospitals: Innovation and Care (AFRHiCARE) research initiative stakeholders from five first-referral hospitals in Uganda meeting to review research findings, reflect on persistent challenges and identify practical solutions to strengthen hospital performance and quality of care, 13th August 2026, Kabira Country Club, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Raymond Tweheyo.

He said these gaps affect hospitals’ ability to deliver services effectively and respond to the needs of the communities they serve.

Dr. Tweheyo re-echoed a message from the Principal Investigator, Professor Frederick Ssengooba, on the importance of situating the district hospital at the apex of the PHC network. This perspective recognises that challenges experienced at district hospitals may be linked to weaknesses elsewhere in the health system.

For example, weak referral systems, shortages of health workers and capacity challenges at lower-level facilities can increase pressure on first-referral hospitals. Addressing these problems therefore requires system-level solutions involving multiple actors.

The AFRHiCARE protocol similarly identifies persistent challenges around resource constraints, service delivery, workforce wellbeing, leadership and management, governance, technology and the ability of hospitals to meet changing community needs.

Dr. Raymond Tweheyo makes his presentation. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Wellcome Trust through a 2023–2029 Discovery Award-funded Future of Africa’s First Referral Hospitals: Innovation and Care (AFRHiCARE) research initiative stakeholders from five first-referral hospitals in Uganda meeting to review research findings, reflect on persistent challenges and identify practical solutions to strengthen hospital performance and quality of care, 13th August 2026, Kabira Country Club, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Raymond Tweheyo makes his presentation.

From research to action

Participants discussed priorities including filling critical staffing gaps, improving transparency and equity around promotion, addressing excessive workloads, strengthening referral systems and reducing the pressure created when patients bypass lower-level facilities. The meeting also considered which challenges can be addressed by hospitals and which require action from district authorities and the Ministry of Health.

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

Continue Reading

Health

Dr. Musoke Takes Over as Head of Disease Control & Environmental Health

Published

on

Officials witness as Dr. David Musoke and Dr. Esther Buregyeya shake hands at the handover ceremony on 11th August 2026. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) leadership transition, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Dr. David Musoke takes over from Dr. Esther Buregyeya, 11th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) has formally transitioned leadership of the Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, with Dr. David Musoke taking over from Dr. Esther Buregyeya, who served as Head of Department for more than nine years.

The handover marked both an appreciation of Dr. Buregyeya’s tenure and a renewed call for the Department to strengthen its position as a leading centre for Environmental Health, Occupational Health, Disease Control and Prevention.

Dr. Buregyeya, who took over the leadership of the Department in January 2017 and served until May 2026, described her tenure as a period of significant growth in teaching, research, community engagement and staff development. She emphasised that the achievements were a result of shared leadership and the collective efforts of Department members, School leadership and partners.

Dr. David Musoke (L) and Dr. Esther Buregyeya (R). Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) leadership transition, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Dr. David Musoke takes over from Dr. Esther Buregyeya, 11th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. David Musoke (L) and Dr. Esther Buregyeya (R).

Among the key milestones during her tenure was the strengthening of the Department’s academic portfolio. The Department completed the review of the Bachelor of Environmental Health Science curriculum and supported the development of the Master’s programme in Environmental and Occupational Health. It also contributed to the development of the PhD by coursework and expanded online learning materials and short-course offerings, including training in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and Occupational Health and Safety.

The Department also made progress in strengthening its laboratory capacity. With support from the School leadership, equipment was procured for the Environmental Health laboratory, which is currently based at Kasangati. The Department has also benefited from equipment donated through partnerships.

Another significant achievement highlighted during the handover was the development of human capacity. Several staff and research associates have pursued doctoral training, strengthening the Department’s pool of researchers and future academic leaders. Dr. Buregyeya noted that building this capacity was essential to ensuring continuity and preparing the next generation of faculty.

Dean commends leadership and mentorship

The Dean of MakSPH, Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, commended Dr. Buregyeya for her leadership and credited the Department with developing a strong culture of mentorship and nurturing young professionals.

Prof. Wanyenze noted that although Disease Control is one of the School’s original departments, its membership has remained relatively young, with many emerging professionals being mentored and supported to grow within the School. She particularly applauded the Department for attracting and retaining talented Environmental Health graduates and for creating opportunities for research associates to contribute to the School’s work.

Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (Left) and Mr. Amos Dembe (Rear) witness as Dr. David Musoke presents an appreciation plaque to Dr. Esther Buregyeya. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) leadership transition, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Dr. David Musoke takes over from Dr. Esther Buregyeya, 11th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (Left) and Mr. Amos Dembe (Rear) witness as Dr. David Musoke presents an appreciation plaque to Dr. Esther Buregyeya.

She also welcomed the establishment of the Master’s programme in Environmental Health, describing Environmental Health as an important frontier for public health. She challenged the Department to consider developing a PhD pathway in Environmental Health and to build a coordinated research agenda examining the links between the environment, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and broader health systems.

Prof. Wanyenze further called for greater investment in Occupational Health, noting the importance of workplace health, mental health, physical health and occupational safety, particularly as Uganda’s informal sector continues to grow. She also urged the Department to strengthen entomology and related research in vector-borne diseases.

A new chapter under Associate Professor David Musoke

Receiving the responsibility, Associate Professor David Musoke described his appointment as both an honour and a homecoming. He completed his Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Health at Makerere and later worked in the Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management before returning to Disease Control, where he has spent much of his professional career.

Assoc. Prof. Musoke paid tribute to Dr. Buregyeya, whom he described as a mentor and an example of shared leadership. He noted that during her tenure, the Department had grown from having a single undergraduate programme to developing a Master’s programme, contributing to PhD training and expanding its research portfolio into new and emerging areas. He also recognised the growth of early-career researchers, many of whom have progressed through doctoral training and into academic roles.

He pledged to build on these achievements while working closely with Department members, the Dean and other School departments. He also acknowledged the confidence placed in him by colleagues during the selection process and committed to working collectively to advance the Department.

A call to define the Department’s future

While celebrating the Department’s achievements, Prof. Wanyenze challenged the new leadership to develop a clear strategic agenda that distinguishes and strengthens the Department’s areas of expertise.

Dr. David Musoke and Dr. Esther Buregyeya cut cake at the handover ceremony. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) leadership transition, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Dr. David Musoke takes over from Dr. Esther Buregyeya, 11th August 2026, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. David Musoke and Dr. Esther Buregyeya cut cake at the handover ceremony.

Prof. Wanyenze urged the Department to take forward the urban health agenda, particularly in light of Uganda’s rapid urbanisation and the emerging challenges associated with waste management, environmental health and the delivery of preventive health services in urban settings.

She further called for deliberate investment in people, infrastructure, research and partnerships. In particular, she encouraged the Department to use the new School infrastructure to develop a laboratory and to strategically support PhD training in areas where expertise is currently limited.

“You don’t have to carry this burden alone. There are people who can support the growth of the department,” Prof. Wanyenze said in encouraging the new leadership to build on the expertise already within the Department.

The handover concluded with the formal transfer of responsibility, followed by a presentation to Dr. Buregyeya in appreciation of her service and a cake-cutting ceremony bringing together the outgoing and incoming Heads of Department and members of the Department.

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

Continue Reading

Trending