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The Women RISE Project: Building Resilience among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Artisanal Mining Communities through Transformative Research

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The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected vulnerable populations, with adolescent girls and young women in unplanned artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) settlements bearing the brunt of its impact. Already grappling with economic hardships and inadequate healthcare access, these communities faced intensified challenges during and after the crisis, further deepening the existing inequalities.

To address some of these pressing concerns, the Women RISE research Project was launched to explore the economic and health impacts of COVID-19 on adolescent girls and young women in unplanned mining communities, examining their coping mechanisms and resilience during and after the pandemic.

The Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies.

The project team consists of the following researchers; Betty Kwagala, Makerere University (Principal Investigator), Lydia Kapiriri, McMaster University, Canada (Co-Principal Investigator), Lydia Osei, University of Ghana (Co- Investigator), Stephen Wandera, Makerere University (Co- Investigator), Fred Ngabirano, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Uganda (Co- Investigator/Decision maker), Deborah Mensah, Northern Empowerment Agency- Ghana (Co- Investigator) and Miriam Mutabazi, Uganda Christian University (Co- Investigator)

The composition of the research team is testimony that the two-year collaborative project brought together leading institutions from Canada, Uganda, and Ghana to assess these challenges and develop targeted interventions to enhance future crisis preparedness, with support from the International Development Research Center (IDRC).

To share these critical findings and explore policy implications, an end of project dissemination workshop was convened on 13th March 2025 bringing on board stakeholders comprising distinguished researchers, government representatives, project participants and civil society leaders for an insightful discussion on translating research into action, ensuring that adolescent girls and young women in ASM communities are better equipped to withstand future crises. Representatives from the following Ministries actively participated in the dissemination workshop: Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, the Ministry of Local Government, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development.

Prof. Edward Bbaale officially opens the dissemination workshop. Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies, Workshop, 13th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale officially opens the dissemination workshop.

Officiating at the dissemination workshop, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) at Makerere University, Prof. Edward Bbaale commended the project team for undertaking a study that highlights the pressing economic and health challenges faced by adolescent girls and young women in artisanal and small-scale mining communities in Uganda and Ghana before, during and after the CoVID-19 pandemic. He underscored the critical role of evidence-based research in shaping policies and programs that foster sustainable development.

“This collaborative project not only brings to the forefront the critical economic and health challenges faced by adolescent in the small scale mining sectors in both Uganda and Ghana, but also highlights their remarkable resilience before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic. The work you have undertaken transcends national boundaries, reinforcing the value of international partnerships in tackling shared challenges. It is my great honor and privilege, to officially open this important workshop,” the Principal said.

Prof. Bbaale explained that research projects such as the Women Rise project, Universities play a vital role in identifying gaps and generating knowledge to guide policy and programming. He emphasized that having government, civil society, and the private sector actively engaged in research efforts significantly enhances the chances of translating findings into meaningful action. He stressed that the results of this research would be practical, policy-relevant, and instrumental in opening up more opportunities for future collaboration

“I am pleased that this project contributes meaningfully to Makerere University‘s research-led agenda, where evidence-based inquiry drives policy formulation, program design, and sustainable development. As a university, we take pride in pioneering collaborations between academia, government, and civil society, ensuring that research findings translate into actionable solutions for our communities,” he stated.

Beyond being a platform for sharing research findings, Prof. Bbaale said that the dissemination workshop serves as a critical space for dialogue among stakeholders and exploring avenues for scaling up research insights into impactful interventions. He noted that such engagements are essential in ensuring that vulnerable populations, such as adolescent girls and young women in small-scale mining communities, receive the support they need to build resilience and improve their livelihoods.

The Women RISE project created awareness of the challenges faced by adolescent girls and young women in mining areas. Some of these included: dropping out of school, early pregnancies, exposure to sexual practices and intimacy at a very early age, contracting of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases and gender based violence.

Focusing on the health risks/challenges in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), Dr. Stephen Wandera, an academic member of staff at Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences stated that the rudimentary approaches to mining without protective gear expose adolescent girls and young women to mercury and dust, while men involved in the extraction are exposed to dangerous gases and dust.

“Nearly 97% of adolescent girls and young women engage in gold ore processing using mercury without personal protective gear, which exposes them, and sometimes their children to health hazards,” he said.

Dr. Wandera shared that 28% of the women reported mercury-related health issues, including fatigue, stress, headaches, muscle and joint pain, numbness, liver problems, tremors, skin rashes, respiratory illnesses like TB and, in some cases, the birth of children with congenital defects among ASM workers, with Central Uganda being a key area of concern.

“While there are policy guidelines in place, having a policy is one thing, but following and properly implementing those guidelines is another. Unfortunately, most workers operate without personal protective equipment, exposing themselves to serious health risks. The challenge is that, as humans, we often tend to overlook the dangers if the effects are not immediately visible, assuming that everything is fine. However, this lack of protection can have long-term, detrimental health effects,” Dr. Wandera said.

One of the Project Co-Investigators Dr. Stephen Wandera. Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies, Workshop, 13th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
One of the Project Co-Investigators Dr. Stephen Wandera.

Dr. Wandera pointed out that miners in the Eastern region continue to use mercury, leading to the contamination of water sources. The health risks, he warned, extend beyond miners to entire communities, as contaminated water from mining sites drains into swamps where people cultivate rice and vegetables, posing a major public health threat.

“Mining runoff is contaminating both soils and water bodies. We visited a site where ore was being processed, and the wastewater was flowing directly into a swamp. Some of this water reached areas where people were growing rice and vegetables. As a result, these individuals will eventually consume crops contaminated by the runoff. This situation poses a significant disaster waiting to happen,” Dr. Wandera warned.

Dr. Wandera outlined key recommendations to mitigate risks in artisanal mining, including strengthening coordination with the Ministry of Health and integrating mental health support in affected areas. He stressed the importance of enforcing occupational health and safety regulations while working towards the sector’s formalization. Additionally, he advocated for establishing effective monitoring systems and conducting regular inspections to enhance mining safety. He also recommended equipping miners with resources on safer techniques and alternative technologies, implementing education and training programs on the dangers of mercury, and fostering multi-sectoral collaboration at national and local levels to address environmental, occupational, and public health concerns.

Dr. Miriam Mutabazi, Co- Investigator from Uganda Christian University presented critical findings on the health and well-being of young women in Uganda’s artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector. She stressed the urgent need to address sexual and reproductive health challenges in these communities, emphasizing that economic vulnerability often compels young women to engage in high-risk behaviors, exposing them to significant health risks.

She noted that the study revealed a troubling trend where adolescent girls and young women engage in risky sexual practices, often in exchange for work opportunities, cash, or gold. “We realized that transactional sex and the temporal nature of relationships lead to multiple sexual partnerships, and this is very common in the mining settings. We also found that although the reports on sexual violence were low, interaction with the different participants revealed that there was actually a lot of gender-based violence, including sexual violence,” Dr. Mutabazi explained.

The findings indicated that   28% of the young women who had ever had sex had multiple sexual partners in the past year. These behaviors, she said, compounded by widespread substance abuse, have led to alarming rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with 40% of respondents reporting STI transmission.

She highlighted that the most vulnerable young women for instance those with lower wages, limited economic opportunities, and histories of sexual violence—were at the highest risk of negative reproductive health outcomes. Despite the relatively high use of modern contraceptives at 69%, adherence remained a major challenge, with inadequate access to family planning counseling and education.

In response to these findings, Dr. Mutabazi called for urgent action to protect and empower young women in the mining sector. She emphasized the need for a multi-stakeholder approach involving government, NGOs, and local leaders to strengthen health services and education in mining communities. Among the key recommendations was the prioritization of artisanal miners as a high-risk population for STIs and HIV.

Dr. Mutabazi proposed a holistic intervention strategy that includes raising awareness on behavioral change, promoting alternative income sources to reduce transactional sex, preventing sexual violence, and advocating for safer sexual practices and committed relationships. She emphasized the need to expand access to youth-friendly reproductive health services, particularly through mobile clinics that reach young women directly at their workplaces. Additionally, she called for increased investment in family planning services, enhanced health education on the dangers of mercury exposure in mining areas, and the revitalization of a multi-sectoral approach that actively involves mining host communities.

Expounding on the health hazards, Prof. Betty Kwagala, an academic member of staff at Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences informed the participants that most women in the mining areas carry their children to work, which also exposes the children to health and occupational risks.

Prof. Kwagala who is the Principal Investigator-Women RISE project noted that although the adolescent girls and young women faced health challenges, the most driver into this unfortunate scenario, were the economic factors.

She explained that when the adolescent girls and young women were trained and financially empowered through seed funding, the majority stopped going to the mining areas. “The adolescent girls and young women formed saving groups, became entrepreneurs, some went back to school, while others created alternative sources of income,” she said. In addition, the financially empowered adolescent girls and young women were able to transform their lives and children, uplift their families, friends and communities in general.

Presenting the gender dynamics in Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), as well as piloted interventions and their outcomes, Prof. Kwagala revealed that artisanal mining serves as an economic lifeline for many families across Uganda. She highlighted that these communities present significant challenges, particularly for young women and adolescent girls, who face gender-based disparities and reproductive health risks.

The Principal Investigator, Women RISE Prof. Betty Kwagala. Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies, Workshop, 13th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Principal Investigator, Women RISE Prof. Betty Kwagala

Despite their significant contributions, Prof. Kwagala said that women in artisanal mining remain marginalized. “Women are often relegated to low-paying and labour-intensive roles, such as panning and carrying ores, while men dominate the more lucrative aspects of mining. This limits women’s economic advancement and reinforces a cycle of poverty and dependence,” she said.

The findings revealed that, beyond economic marginalization, women in mining communities face an increased risk of gender-based violence. Their vulnerability is further aggravated by the absence of formal labor protections and legal recourse, highlighting the urgent need for policymakers and community leaders to take proactive measures to address these challenges.

Young women and adolescent girls in mining areas frequently encounter significant reproductive health risks. Limited access to healthcare services and inadequate sexual health education contribute to high rates of early pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. Additionally, sexual exploitation is prevalent, with many women subjected to coercion and harassment in exchange for economic survival.

As a result, Prof. Kwagala emphasized the urgent need for improved healthcare infrastructure and awareness campaigns to promote safe reproductive health practices. Strengthening access to contraception, maternal healthcare, and counseling services would be a pivotal step in addressing these challenges.

Another critical issue affecting young women in mining communities is the lack of educational opportunities. Prof. Kwagala disclosed that many adolescent girls drop out of school due to financial hardships, early pregnancies, or the need to contribute to household incomes. Without proper education and vocational training, they remain trapped in exploitative labour conditions with little hope for economic mobility.

To break this cycle, Prof. Kwagala called for community-driven initiatives that provide skills training, scholarships, and mentorship programs. Equipping young women with alternative income-generating skills can empower them to seek better economic opportunities beyond the mining sector.

Prof. Kwagala called for urgent action from the government, civil society, and private stakeholders to improve conditions for young women in artisanal mining. She recommended strengthening labor laws to ensure gender equity and protect women from exploitation, establishing mobile clinics and reproductive health education programs, and creating financial literacy and entrepreneurship initiatives to help women diversify their income. Additionally, she emphasized the need for gender sensitization programs to challenge harmful cultural norms and reduce gender-based violence. She also underscored the importance of advocating for increased resource allocation to adolescent and youth programs at all levels, supporting collaborative efforts to regulate excessive alcohol and drug abuse, establishing rehabilitation centers where feasible, and implementing interventions that engage male miners in promoting sexual behavior change and responsible parenthood.

Testimonies from adolescent girls and women empowered by the Women RISE project:

This being the end of the project dissemination, the participants listened to powerful testimonies from some of the adolescent girls and young women whose life was positively transformed through the Women RISE project. The transformation has had multiplier effects extending to uplifting the livelihoods of children, families and communities, where these girls and women conduct their work.

Some of the adolescent girls that took part in the study. Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies, Workshop, 13th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the adolescent girls that took part in the study.

“We were monitored, trained in financial literacy and saving, entrepreneurship and equipped with life skills. We have created alternative sources of income. We have been transformed and empowered to lead better lives,” testified some of the adolescent girls and young women amidst applause from the stakeholders.

One participant emphasized that the support from partners and stakeholders is crucial for sustaining this momentum. It was disclosed that plans are already in place to expand the reach of the project, to integrate community health and education systems, and address new challenges that may arise in these rapidly growing districts.

Courtesy of the Women RISE project, the young people speak with confidence. They are in position to speak publicly and advocate for the needs of their peers. Many are making informed decisions about their lives, choosing to abstain from unprotected sex, using family planning methods, and making more assertive decisions about relationships. One participant mentioned, “I have learned that protecting my life is essential. I don’t go with anyone. I ask myself, ‘Who am I going with? What is his health status?”

Another young person shared, “This program changed my life. I was tested for HIV, and I am now confident in my decision not to engage with any man before knowing his status. Abstinence is my choice.”

What does this say about resilience? These young people have demonstrated remarkable growth and are now capable of standing resiliently in case of future crises. They have learned how to manage businesses, with many having multiple income streams. One notable success story is a young person who, after dropping out of school due to teenage pregnancy, financed her child’s delivery using proceeds from her business and she testified that she went back to school to complete her studies.

Some of the adolescent girls that took part in the study pose for a group photo with officials. Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) Women RISE project titled, “Economic and Health Impact and the Resilience of Last Mile Populations in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Unplanned Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa Before, During and After COVID-19,” focused on Ghana and Uganda as case studies, Workshop, 13th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the adolescent girls that took part in the study pose for a group photo with officials.

Peer mentorship has contributed to both personal and community resilience. Through these programs, young people have built self-esteem and empathy while advocating for others. One peer mentor said, “I have made many new friends. Even older people trust me, and I am able to help them, even escorting them to health facilities when necessary.”

Initiatives being undertaken by the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development:

Addressing the stakeholders, Mr. Fred Ngabirano, Commissioner for Youth and Children Affairs at the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development highlighted the power of grassroots transformation in fostering economic and social development.

He emphasized the commitment of the Government of Uganda to addressing social challenges and creating sustainable opportunities for young people and women in vulnerable sectors. He said that among the various initiatives under the Ministry’s mandate is the Juakali Center, which plays a crucial role in identifying and supporting women and young people in their economic journeys. “Once we organize groups of young people, we collaborate with Juakali to provide them with opportunities,” he explained.

As the project beneficiaries shared their transformational experiences, Mr. Ngabirano highlighted key lessons drawn from their testimonies. He emphasized that transformation is not solely reliant on financial aid, but rather on effective strategic planning, capacity development and resource management.

“Some individuals have received venture capital funds such as Youth Livelihood Programme, but have not made significant progress. This raises an important question—what is the key to success? The answer lies in effective financial planning and passion-driven work; it is about how well you plan and utilize what you have,” he remarked.

The Commissioner emphasized the importance of passion in professional and entrepreneurial success, saying, “If someone lacks passion for what they do, no amount of facilitation will drive success.” He thus lauded the young entrepreneurs who have followed their passion—whether in hairdressing, the grocery business, or other trades—and have, as a result, seen remarkable progress in their endeavors.

Mr. Ngabirano called for prioritizing human resource development as a means to transform people. He elaborated that investing in developing human potential should be a key focus. As the government continues to collaborate with academic institutions and grassroots organizations, Mr. Ngabirano stated that the future of youth and women empowerment remains promising.

Strategies being undertaken by the Ministry of Health:

Dr. Allan Kasozi from the Division of Adolescent Health at the Ministry of Health highlighted the pressing health challenges faced by young people, particularly those engaged in artisanal mining. He stressed the urgent need for targeted interventions to protect vulnerable youth working in hazardous conditions. Dr. Kasozi revealed that the Ministry of Health is finalizing the Adolescent Health Hosted Implementation Plan, a comprehensive strategic document that will guide adolescent health policies and interventions for the next five years. He underscored the importance of targeted service delivery, ensuring that healthcare efforts effectively reach both remote areas and the most at-risk populations.

Dr. Kasozi expressed his deep appreciation for the resilience and hard work of all stakeholders involved in the Women RISE project research, acknowledging the critical insights it has provided. He emphasized that while policymakers may not always have the opportunity to closely observe the daily realities of young miners, this research has shed light on crucial issues that demand immediate attention.

“The findings from this study, alongside the voices of young people, have been incredibly enlightening. These insights will play a pivotal role in shaping our strategies at the Ministry of Health to effectively tackle the challenges faced by adolescent populations, particularly those in vulnerable sectors like artisanal mining,” he stated.

He credited the project research team for their invaluable contributions, noting that their work provides vital evidence to inform better health planning for Uganda’s youth. “This research presents an opportunity for us to lead with informed solutions. It reinforces the need for a multi-faceted approach to adolescent health, ensuring that young people, regardless of their circumstances, receive the care and support they need.”

Contribution from the Ministry of Local Government:

Mr. Rashid Biruma from the Ministry of Local Government who represented the Commissioner for Local Council Development, Mr. Swizin Mugyema stated the critical role of research in addressing national challenges. He acknowledged the existence of numerous problems facing the country and highlighted that the identification of specific issues through research is crucial in finding solutions. He noted that the workshop had provided valuable insights into the scale of the challenges, which extend beyond the specific areas being discussed.

One major issue raised during the workshop was the problem of child labour in mines. Mr. Biruma referred to this as a significant concern, particularly due to its association with crimes and children in conflict with the law. He praised the Ministry of Labour, Gender, and Social Development for its efforts in rehabilitating children involved in such activities, particularly through diversion programs aimed at reintegrating them into society.

“Child labour is associated to various related issues, including crime and children in conflict with the law. This is a critical issue that requires urgent attention, and we must explore ways to address and redress it. We are grateful for the support from the Ministry, which is assisting us, particularly through diversion programs aimed at rehabilitating children involved in criminal activities,” he said.

In addition to tackling child labour, Mr. Biruma highlighted the importance of leadership, particularly at the local government level. He reiterated that the Ministry of Local Government would continue ensuring compliance with legal frameworks and enforcement of rights.

Education, both formal and civic, was another point of emphasis. He encouraged the use of established community structures to promote civic education, stressing that awareness and community engagement are crucial to the success of these initiatives. He also urged the dissemination of information to local government officials to ensure compliance with community engagement strategies.

Presentation of findings on sexual behaviours of young male artisanal miners in Kassanda District:

In a study conducted by Ms. Patience Natwijuka, a Master of Science student funded by the project and her team at Makerere University, critical insights have been revealed regarding the sexual behaviors and factors influencing consistent condom use among adolescent and young male artisanal miners in Kassanda District, Central Uganda. The research, which focused on mining sites in Kagaba and Kayonza, sheds light on the health risks faced by this vulnerable population and highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions.

The study, which involved a survey of 304 male participants aged 15 to 24 years, sought to assess sexual activity, multiple sexual partnerships, transactional sex, and socioeconomic determinants affecting condom use. The findings paint a stark picture of the realities young miners face, emphasizing the intersection of economic vulnerability, risky behaviors, and health outcomes.

One of the most alarming findings was that the median age of first sexual intercourse among these young miners was 16 years. On average, they reported having 16 lifetime sexual partners, with around 8 sexual partners in the last 12 months alone. Such patterns of sexual activity significantly heighten the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, raising concerns about the well-being of these young workers.

The study revealed that 24% of respondents had contracted an STI in the past year, while 55% engaged in multiple sexual partnerships. Additionally, 11% reported involvement in transactional sex, where economic hardships often push them into high-risk relationships. Compounding the risks, 56% of the adolescents reported alcohol use, a factor known to impair judgment and contribute to risky sexual behaviors.

A deeper analysis of the factors affecting consistent condom use revealed that marital status and parental survival played significant roles. Married or cohabiting young miners were less likely to use condoms consistently compared to their single counterparts. The findings highlighted the need for strategies to ensure that all young people irrespective of survival status of parents, receive guidance on safer sex.  

Given these findings, Ms. Natwijuka and her research team strongly recommend the implementation of comprehensive health education programs in mining areas. These programs should focus on raising awareness about HIV, STIs, and the importance of condom use among young artisanal miners. Her study serves as a wake-up call to all stakeholders, urging collaborative efforts to safeguard the well-being of young artisanal miners and mitigate the rising health crisis in Uganda’s mining communities.

Way Forward:

Prof. Kwagala shared that education remains a key pillar in the discussions, with a strong focus on empowering adolescent girls and boys in mining districts. Notably, districts such as Kassanda have made significant strides by offering vocational training opportunities, equipping young people with practical skills for a sustainable future. These initiatives have enabled many, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds, to return to school or enroll in vocational institutions, providing them with viable alternatives beyond the mining industry and fostering long-term economic empowerment.

While the challenges remain, the commitment from district leaders to continue building on the project’s successes is clear. One participant emphasized that the support from partners and stakeholders is crucial for sustaining this momentum. Plans are already in place to expand the reach of the project, to further integrate community health and education systems, and address new challenges that may arise in these rapidly growing districts.

In Kassanda, for example, district leaders are focused on ensuring that more adolescent girls and boys have access to the resources they need to succeed. With the involvement of more partners and stakeholders, including local schools, health facilities, and NGOs, there is confidence that the district will continue to make progress in addressing the needs of its young people.

Prof. Kwagala emphasized that an integrated, community-driven approach is key to addressing mining community challenges. She noted that peer mentorship and education are empowering youth to advocate for safer practices and healthier lifestyles. While challenges remain, she highlighted the collective effort of local leaders, project partners, and youth as a model for lasting change. With continued commitment, the project aims to create a lasting impact, fostering healthier and more resilient generations.

She noted that outreach efforts to schools are underway to address the alarming dropout rates among girls, many of whom face early pregnancies, mining work, or repeated pregnancies. Prof. Kwagala highlighted that some girls become pregnant as early as 12 years old, stressing the urgency of interventions to create better opportunities for them.

Prof. Kwagala explained that several initiatives are in place to keep girls in school. For instance, peer mentors in Kassanda have reached out to 720 pupils. These provide age-appropriate education on menstrual hygiene, abstinence, and other essential health topics. The impact on schools has been ignificant, with peer educators playing a key role in engaging parents as well and in guiding children to health facilities for necessary services.

Prof. Kwagala highlighted the vital role of   private-public partnerships in the program’s success, where partnership with an NGO and public health facility providers in partnership with trained peer mentors, through outreach or mobile clinics facilitated delivery of services like counseling, PEP, contraceptives, STI testing, HIV testing, and ARVs. This has led to increased service utilization and referrals among young people, fostering trust in these resources. She also emphasized the importance of mobile clinics in reaching remote communities with limited access to healthcare. These clinics have successfully built trust and confidence, offering a more accessible and reliable healthcare option.

Ritah Namisango
Ritah Namisango

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Prof. Edward Bbaale endorses newly founded Mak-CoBAMS SACCO

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L-R: Dr. Christopher Alioni (Interim General Secretary), Dr. Peter Babyenda (Interim Chair), Prof. Edward Bbaale (Principal), Assoc. Prof. James Wokadala (Deputy Principal), Mr. Juliet Mirembe Ssewankambo (Mobilizer) and Mr. Peter Mubiru (Interim Treasurer). Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) endorsed the newly-established College SACCO by enrolling as a member on 22nd July 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Ritah Namisango and Monica Meeme

On Tuesday 22nd July 2025, Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) endorsed the newly-established College SACCO by enrolling as a member.

The Mak-CoBAMS SACCO, which was inaugurated on 14th July 2025, provides a platform to improve the economic well-being and quality of life of members through accessible financial services, provision of affordable loans, promotion of a savings and investment culture, financial security, and potential dividends.

The interim Committee that was instituted to kick-start the SACCO has been working under the guidance of the Deputy Principal, Associate Prof. James Wokadala as Patron.

Tasked with finalizing the operations of the SACCO, the Interim Committee, chaired by Dr. Peter Babyenda consists of the following members: Dr. Allen Kabagenyi-Vice Chairperson, Dr. Christopher Alioni-General Secretary, Mr. Peter Mubiru-Treasurer, and Mrs. Juliet Mirembe Ssewankambo-Mobilizer. The Committee members representing the three schools include: Mr. Fred Kasarirwe-School of Economics, Dr. Marion Nanyanzi-School of Business, and Dr. Hellen Namawejje-School of Statistics and Planning. Mr. Joseph Ikarok represents support staff on the SACCO.

L-R: Mrs. Juliet Mirembe Ssewankambo, Dr. Christopher Alioni, Dr. Peter Babyenda, Assoc. Prof. James Wokadala, Mr. Peter Mubiru, and Prof. Edward Bbaale interact. Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) endorsed the newly-established College SACCO by enrolling as a member on 22nd July 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
L-R: Mrs. Juliet Mirembe Ssewankambo, Dr. Christopher Alioni, Dr. Peter Babyenda, Assoc. Prof. James Wokadala, Mr. Peter Mubiru, and Prof. Edward Bbaale interact.

As the SACCO kicks off, the Committee agreed on the following contributions: Membership fee of 20,000/=, Annual subscription fee of 30,000/=, a minimum of ten shares at 100,000/= per member, and a minimum monthly contribution of 50,000/=.

The Committee believes that the rates set are manageable by members of staff. According to the Chairperson, Dr. Babyenda, the Committee is enrolling members. He stated that the minimum monthly saving of 50,000/= is a priority, and also called upon each member to pay up the minimum 10 shares before 31st July 2025.

Congratulating the College Principal, Prof. Bbaale upon becoming a member of the Mak-CoBAMS SACCO, the interim General Secretary-Dr. Alioni, reported that they need at least 30 members to start operations.

Following his enrollment as a Member, Prof. Bbaale, lauded the team for the establishment of the SACCO, a long-awaited intervention that will provide financial support to staff members. He thanked Associate Prof. James Wokadala for his resilience and dedication to making this initiative a reality. 

Prof. Bbaale explained that the SACCO is well-aligned with the college’s research and academic programs, which focus on business, economics, statistics and planning.He highlighted the critical need for accessible finance, citing it as one of the leading constraints to development and business growth. The SACCO will fill a significant gap by providing staff members with financial support at reasonable interest rates. 

Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) endorsed the newly-established College SACCO by enrolling as a member on 22nd July 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale makes his remarks.

Prof. Bbaale believes that the SACCO will transcend his tenure and become a lasting legacy for the college, providing benefits to staff members for years to come. He commended the interim committee for their hard work and commitment to establishing the SACCO. He expressed confidence in the team’s ability to manage the SACCO effectively, citing their strong work ethic and dedication.

Pledging his full support towards the SACCO, Prof. Bbaale rallied members of staff to join the initiative and participate in its activities and programmes. He stated that the SACCO will have a positive impact on the college community, addressing financial constraints and improving the well-being of staff. 

The Deputy Principal, Associate Prof. Wokadala, acknowledged the College Principal for hosting the meeting and guiding the process leading to the establishment of the SACCO. He noted that the SACCO is a long-standing dream of the college’s formulators and a game-changer for the institution. To this end, the College Board unanimously welcomed the idea and set up an interim committee to oversee its implementation.

Associate Prof. Wokadala commended the colleagues who volunteered to steer the initiative, expressing confidence that the SACCO would become vibrant and successful. He visualised the SACCO evolving into a microfinance institution or bank with member support.

The Deputy Principal reported that the Principal’s office provided a contribution of 3,000,000/= to kick-start the SACCO’s activities, which would be accounted for by the committee. He emphasized transparency and accountability in managing the funds, noting that the committee would account for every shilling received, and present a report to the Annual General Meeting (AGM).

Ritah Namisango
Ritah Namisango

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EfD-Mak Holds 2nd Advisory Board Meeting: Charts Path for Growth

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Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

KAMPALA, Uganda | July 16, 2025. The Director of the Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University Centre (EfD-Mak), Prof. Edward Bbaale, outlined key achievements, challenges, and future plans during the 2nd Advisory Board Meeting held at Makerere University with members calling for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities.

The Advisory Board comprises 13 members drawn from Makerere University, government ministries and agencies, civil society, and the private sector. The Board’s role is to provide oversight and strategic guidance to EfD-Mak.

Members of the Advisory Board meeting in the EfD conference room at Makerere University. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Members of the Advisory Board meeting in the EfD conference room at Makerere University.

The EfD-Mak Centre is part of the global Environment for Development (EfD) network, comprising 15 research centers worldwide. It aims to promote evidence-based environmental policy through interdisciplinary research, academic training, and stakeholder engagement.

Addressing the board, Prof. Bbaale highlighted the center’s progress since its inception in 2019, including impactful policy engagement, capacity-building programs, and pioneering research in environmental economics.

Prof. Edward Bbaale giving his welcome remarks. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale giving his welcome remarks.

“Our journey started in Vietnam when Makerere University was formally admitted into the EfD network. Since then, we’ve worked toward a mission of promoting inclusive growth and environmental sustainability,” said Prof. Bbaale.

Chaired by Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Makerere’s Academic Registrar and Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), the meeting also welcomed the new Deputy Director of EfD-Mak, Dr. Alice Turinawe, who replaces Prof. Johnny Mugisha.

Dr. Alice Turinawe the New Deputy Director. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Alice Turinawe the New Deputy Director.

Prof. Bbaale reported significant growth in research output, including over 150 publications and collaborations with national and international bodies such as the National Environment Management ​Authority (NEMA), the National Planning Authority, and the Ministry of Finance. The center is currently implementing projects on forestry, climate finance, and sustainable agriculture with partners across Uganda and the wider EfD global network.

The center’s interdisciplinary approach, drawing researchers from the Colleges of Business and Agricultural Sciences, was praised for its alignment with Makerere’s research strategy.

Dr. Komakech Richard from NEMA speaking during the meeting. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Komakech Richard from NEMA speaking during the meeting.

Notably, the center has launched a new Master’s in Economic Investment Modeling, designed to integrate climate variables and natural capital into macroeconomic frameworks. “This is a timely addition as the world looks for tools to understand the economic impact of climate change,” said Bbaale.

The center has intensified policy engagements through dialogues and training programs for government officials, focusing on environmental valuation, energy transitions, and macroeconomic modeling. The Inclusive Green Economy (IGE) program, funded by SIDA, has trained senior policymakers across East Africa on sustainable finance and green transition strategies.

Prof. Bbaale presenting the center milestones. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Bbaale presenting the center milestones.

EfD-Mak also played a role in shaping Uganda’s National Development Plan IV, with several fellows contributing to mainstreaming environmental concerns such as clean cooking and e-mobility.

“We were proud to be recognized as a runner-up globally for policy influence on clean cooking,” Bbaale noted, adding that Makerere’s visibility within the EfD network and international platforms continues to grow.

Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A section of the members during the meeting at Makerere University.

Despite the progress, Prof. Bbaale cautioned against over-reliance on a single funder, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), stating that diversified funding is essential for sustainability.

“While SIDA remains our main supporter, we recognize that this model is not sustainable in the long term,” he said, urging the board to support efforts to secure institutional status for the center within the university’s research policy framework.

Some of the Board members attending the meeting. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the Board members attending the meeting.

For 2025, EfD-Mak will focus on climate-smart agriculture as a thematic policy dialogue and strengthen its footprint in local government engagement. A grant targeting environmental valuation at the local level and a new project on macroeconomic modeling for climate resilience are expected to launch.

Prof. Bbaale also cited a clean audit and positive external evaluation as indicators of the center’s strong governance and operational efficiency.

Prof. Edward Bbaale, Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu (Dean, School of Economics) and Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi during the meeting. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale, Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu (Dean, School of Economics) and Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi during the meeting.

Quoting Pope Francis, he closed with a warning on the urgency of environmental action: “God always forgives. Men sometimes forgive. But nature never forgives.”

Board Chairperson Calls for Stronger Alignment with SDGs and Inclusivity in Research Programs

Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Chairperson of the Advisory Board called for deeper integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), inclusivity, and results-based reporting in the Centre’s research and academic programs.

Prof. Buyinza congratulated the EfD-Mak team led by Director Prof. Edward Bbaale on their notable achievements across academic training, research, and policy engagement.

“We want to congratulate you and your entire team for all the academic and impact achievements you have made,” Prof. Buyinza said. “You can clearly see the success at the academic training level, at the research level, and policy engagement. These are strong pillars of your program.”

However, the Chairperson emphasized the need to explicitly link the Centre’s work to Uganda’s national development agenda and global frameworks.

“What we want to see more of in future presentations is a clear connection to the Sustainable Development Goals,” he said. “Any investment going into research or human capital development must be traceable to the SDGs and the National Development Plan. This is essential, especially when responding to expectations from institutions like the National Planning Authority.”

Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi chairing the meeting. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi chairing the meeting.

Prof. Buyinza also urged the Centre to enhance inclusivity in its fellowship and research programs by targeting underrepresented groups, including students and researchers with special needs.

“You are doing well with your agenda and research priorities, but now it is time to move further toward inclusivity,” he said. “Let’s also see data on gender representation and the involvement of individuals with special needs. That would reflect equitable capacity development.”

He applauded the Centre’s results-based management approach and its focus on tangible outcomes. “I’m happy you did not dwell on challenges,” he added. “It shows maturity and strategic focus.”

Prof. Buyinza concluded by inviting reflections from other board members on areas where the Centre could improve, encouraging a collaborative approach to continuous development.

Board Members Call for Stronger Private Sector Links, Local Engagement, and Global Positioning for EfD-Mak Centre

Members of the Advisory Board for the Environment for Development Initiative praised the Centre’s achievements in research and policy influence but called for greater integration with the private sector, deeper engagement with local development initiatives, and enhanced visibility on the global stage.

Several board members shared constructive feedback following a presentation by the Centre’s Director, Prof. Edward Bbaale, outlining the Centre’s milestones and strategic direction.

Julius Byaruhanga from the Private Sector contributing. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Julius Byaruhanga from the Private Sector contributing.

Julius Byaruhanga  representing the Private Sector Foundation Uganda (PSFU), applauded the Centre for bridging the gap between academia and policymaking but urged for a similar approach with the private sector.

“Much of the research generated in academia doesn’t speak to private sector investment,” Byaruhanga said. “We need partnerships that show how climate and energy research can guide private sector financing, especially around energy efficiency.”

He proposed collaboration between EfD-Mak and PSFU in energy efficiency and policy advocacy, noting PSFU’s experience with several donor-funded projects and its role as the apex body influencing government policy on behalf of the business community.

CSO representative Onesmus Mugyenyi contributing. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
CSO representative Onesmus Mugyenyi contributing.

Onesmus Mugyenyi, from acivil society organisation, emphasized the need for coordination among actors working on similar thematic issues, especially in policy advocacy.

“When we don’t coordinate, we duplicate efforts and end up with incomplete or stuck projects,” Mugyenyi said. “Mapping stakeholders and integrating practitioners into training would greatly enhance both policy impact and student learning.”

He also stressed sustainability and advised leveraging the Board’s networks to support resource diversification and long-term institutionalisation of the Centre’s initiatives.

Sam Mugume from the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development contributing during the discussion session. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Sam Mugume from the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development contributing during the discussion session.

Dr. Sam Mugume, representing the Ministry of Finance, recognized the Centre’s contribution to national capacity building, particularly in climate finance and macroeconomic modeling.

“You’re doing important work,” Mugume said. “But we now need to scale up and integrate your training and modeling capacity into broader macroeconomic planning for climate resilience, both nationally and at the African continental level.”

He noted the Ministry’s current engagement with a coalition of African finance ministers on climate action, urging the Centre to establish itself as a key academic partner in that process.

Apollo Kaggwa from the National Planning Authority making suggestions. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Apollo Kaggwa from the National Planning Authority making suggestions.

Apollo Kagwa, from the National Planning Authority (NPA), commended the Centre for its academic rigor but highlighted the need for grassroots relevance.

“EfD-Mak still operates at a high level,” Kagwa observed. “We need to bring its research down to address real issues in communities—how does it inform programs like the Parish Development Model (PDM)?”

Mugabi Stephene from the Ministry of Water and Environment during the meeting. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mugabi Stephene from the Ministry of Water and Environment during the meeting.

He proposed the Centre tap into government consultancy opportunities and leverage alumni networks to generate internal revenue. Kagwa also encouraged participation in global climate policy spaces, such as the upcoming COP meeting in Brazil, and to develop capacity in climate economics.

Chairperson Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi welcomed the feedback and praised board members for offering actionable insights.

Prof. Buyinza interacting with the center Deputy Director Alice Turinawe and Director Edward Bbaale. Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University (EfD-Mak) Centre 2nd Advisory Board Meeting calls for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities held 16th July 2025 at Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Buyinza interacting with the center Deputy Director Alice Turinawe and Director Edward Bbaale.

“These are excellent observations,” Prof. Buyinza said. “The next phase must involve deepening our links with the private sector, coordinating better with government and civil society actors, and preparing to expand our impact from local to global levels.”

Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda.

Jane Anyango

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Makerere’s PIM Centre Concludes Training on Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI)

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Commissioner Paul Mwanja and Assoc. Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu pose for a photo with participants after the certificate award ceremony on 11th July 2025. Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence at Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) conclusion of two-week training on the Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) – Integrated Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, for 34 economists from various MDAs with critical policy evaluation and fiscal analysis skills, 11th July 2025, Pearl on the Nile Hotel, Jinja Uganda, East Africa.

July 11, 2025 | Jinja, Uganda

The Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence at Makerere University successfully concluded a two-week training on the Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) – Integrated Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, equipping 34 economists from various Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) with critical policy evaluation and fiscal analysis skills.

The closing ceremony, held at the Pearl on the Nile Hotel in Jinja on July 11, 2025, marked a significant milestone in Uganda’s public finance management reform agenda. Participants received certificates in recognition of their commitment and newly acquired competencies under the revised Guidelines for Financial Clearance, which took effect on July 1, 2025.

Commissioner Paul Mwanja, who represented the Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury, officiated the ceremony. In his remarks, he commended participants for their dedication despite the demanding timing, coinciding with the financial year-end and the launch of the Fourth National Development Plan (NDP IV). He emphasized that the training comes at a critical moment as Uganda enters a growth-focused fiscal year and prepares for the 2026 general elections.

Commissioner Paul Mwanja presents a certificate to a participant. Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence at Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) conclusion of two-week training on the Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) – Integrated Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, for 34 economists from various MDAs with critical policy evaluation and fiscal analysis skills, 11th July 2025, Pearl on the Nile Hotel, Jinja Uganda, East Africa.
Commissioner Paul Mwanja presents a certificate to a participant.

“The Revised Guidelines for Financial Clearance mark a paradigm shift towards a more data-driven, transparent, and inclusive approach to policy and legislative evaluation,” Mwanja stated. “You are the first wave of reformers. Go back as champions, create demand for quality analysis, and drive the change we want to see.”

The CFI training was designed to deepen participants’ ability to assess the financial and economic implications of government proposals, identify potential winners and losers, and design safeguards for vulnerable groups. It also aims to strengthen MDAs’ capacity to prepare their own Statements of Financial Implications and align with Regulatory Impact Assessments.

Representing the PIM Centre, Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu, Dean of the School of Economics at Makerere University, lauded the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) for its foresight in establishing the Centre in 2023. He described the training as a powerful response to Uganda’s triple policy challenge: scale, scarcity, and speed.

Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence at Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) conclusion of two-week training on the Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) – Integrated Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, for 34 economists from various MDAs with critical policy evaluation and fiscal analysis skills, 11th July 2025, Pearl on the Nile Hotel, Jinja Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the participants during a session.

“This certificate program doesn’t just teach you to ask if a project is beneficial,” Prof. Okumu said. “It trains you to assess whether it is beneficial, affordable, and resilient in real-world fiscal contexts. That is how we build trust in public spending and deliver smarter infrastructure, services, and jobs.”

Prof. Okumu also charged graduates to apply their skills at project, portfolio, and policy levels—prioritizing value for money, institutionalizing evidence-based decision-making, and mentoring future cohorts. “Go forth and make every shilling count,” he concluded.

The Ministry announced that the next CFI training cohort will commence in August 2025, as part of a nationwide rollout to ensure all government institutions are staffed with analysts capable of implementing these reforms. The long-term goal is to establish a government-wide foundation of professionals committed to fiscal discipline, data integrity, and evidence-based policymaking.

The event closed with optimism and a renewed commitment to strengthening Uganda’s public finance systems through knowledge, rigor, and reform-minded leadership.

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

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