Veterinary & Biosecurity
Strengthening CoVAB’s Partnership with the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI)
The College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) and the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLRRI) agreed on the urgent need to formalize their relationship in the area of skilling, training, joint research activities, supervision, and joint grant writing. The two institutions are looking for ways to mutually benefit from each other’s strengths and expertise for improved productivity in their mandates leading to significant advancements in livestock research and education.
The staff of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), led by Principal Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, visited the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLRRI) in Nakyesasa on Tuesday, December 17th, 2024. They were welcomed by the Director of Research, Prof. Samuel Majalija, who, along with his staff, conducted a guided tour of the institute’s facilities and enterprises to gain learning experiences. The purpose of the visit was to forge a formal partnership between the two institutions in the fields of teaching, research, and outreach.
In his welcome remarks, Prof. Samuel Majalija, formerly a Deputy Principal of CoVAB, noted that NARO values collaboration and synergy and explained that all the ongoing work at NaLRRI/NARO was rooted in both local and international partnerships, including those with Makerere University. He said the visit by the college leadership and staff was no mean achievement for NaLRRI/NARO, but a gesture of continued relationships between the two institutions.
During a meeting held after a tour of various enterprises ongoing at NaLRRI, Prof. Samuel Majalija emphasized the pivotal role of scientists in enhancing the country’s productivity. Lack of written documentation hampers knowledge transfer he observed and stressed the necessity of creating simple Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) for every enterprise to instigate change nationwide. He expressed concern that despite being Uganda’s only livestock research institute, and the time he has been in the office of Director of Research, he had not seen any CoVAB students interning at NaLRRI. He challenged the college leadership to ensure that CoVAB students transition from theory to practical teaching and learning. Students need to be encouraged to gain hands-on experience, which is crucial for driving meaningful changes. Additionally, Prof. Majalija mentioned that NaLRRI/NARO was open to collaboration, with highly trained staff ready to engage with CoVAB students through Guest Lectures and skill-building initiatives. He emphasized the importance of Makerere University opening its doors to allow the research institute to tap into its extensive expertise.
Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, the Principal of CoVAB, acknowledged the warm welcome extended to CoVAB by the Director and staff of NaLRRI/NARO. He noted that the Makerere Strategic Plan 2020-2030, provides for a shift towards becoming research-led with increased emphasis on postgraduate training. Prof. Mwiine mentioned that Makerere benefits from a 30 billion research grant through MakRIF and highlighted ongoing collaborations with NARO, citing activities on the CoVAB land in Nakyesasa, which was originally part of NARO land. He said some NARO and Makerere University staff have in the past published jointly specifically in the field of livestock research and that both institutions were receiving funding through the Ministry of Science and Technology for vaccine development and emphasized the need for greater synergy and a convergence zone. Prof. Mwiine further stressed the need for continued collaboration with staff at NARO especially in student supervision and research publication.
The CoVAB Deputy Principal Assoc. Prof. James Acai Okwee, presented an overview of the ongoing research activities, challenges, and proposals for enhanced collaboration with NaLRRI/NARO. He outlined the existing research capacity in areas such as zoonotic pathogen screening for both human and animal infections, and the RTC’s work in researching ticks and tick-borne diseases. He also highlighted ongoing work at the Centre for Biosecurity and Global Health, which he said was leading the vaccine development efforts at CoVAB. Dr. Okwee noted that CoVAB acquired land in Nakyesasa in collaboration with NARO, and it was one of the areas where the college was undertaking activities like the livestock demonstration farms supported by the Korean government.
The Deputy Principal highlighted several challenges, faced by the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity including unfunded student research, which leads to delayed completion, dropout, and lack of depth. He also pointed out the inadequate infrastructure that requires refurbishing and the unsustainable project-based approach to research, as opposed to a program-based approach. He criticized the ivory tower model, where training is disconnected from research and practice. Additionally, he noted that the college has a large concentration of 140 underutilized scientists.
The CoVAB team was given a tour of the labs, where they observed the state-of-the-art equipment and demonstrations in the Nutrition Lab. They also visited the Pasture field, where Research Officer Allen Molly led the team through various demos of pastures and legumes. These included both Indigenous varieties from different regions of Uganda and improved varieties like sogmaize, highlighting their efficacy for milk and beef production. Also visited was the Aflasafe facility which undertakes monitoring of the safety inclusive of the analytical platform used for quantifying the different contaminations in food and beef and developing bio-control products to counteract the aflatoxins. At the Dairy establishment, the visiting CoVAB team was conducted around the Zero waste infrastructure, right from the care and feeding of cows themselves to the technologies issued in processing dung into gas and other bye by-products including soap, shampoo, and manure among others. Also visited was the anti-tick Vaccine facility which is undergoing expansion and will eventually undertake massive vaccine production of Livestock vaccines which is already developed.
As a way forward, it was also agreed that the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity was bound to benefit from the high expertise of the staff at NARO by not only allowing them to teach at Makerere University but also enabling them to involve more of the CoVAB students in the NaLRRI/NARO research programs. The partnership would also enable the two institutions to make accessible all available equipment and facilities for use across the board as far as it is possible as well as harmonize training at master level/research.
Veterinary & Biosecurity
Alumni of Molecular Biology Honor Prof. George William Lubega for Outstanding Contributions
Veterinary & Biosecurity
Uganda Advances Bacteriophage Research in Fight against Antimicrobial Resistance
Makerere University convened a symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), the event brought together researchers from Makerere University, Kyambogo University, Kampala International University, and Ian Clarke International University, and other players, highlighting a collaborative approach to tackling global and local issues.
Day two of the symposium saw researchers and policy makers together with partners from the UK and USA hold a discourse on the best way forward in the promotion of bacteriophage research and production in the country to support efforts against anti-microbial resistance.
Speaking at the event held at Hilton Garden Inn, Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, the lead phage researcher from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, stressed the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents due to the rise in drug resistance and limited discovery of new antibiotics. Bacteriophages, natural viruses that target bacteria, she said, were identified as a promising solution to revolutionize disease control, treatment, and food security. She said research in this area was key because humankind was at risk of the impending calamity of life-threatening treatment failure.
Prof. Robert Wamala, Makerere University‘s Director for Research, Innovations, and Partnerships, who spoke on behalf of the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, underscored the importance of building local capacity in phage research. He noted that such efforts could enhance Uganda’s resilience against AMR and yield homegrown solutions for human, animal, and crop health.
As the world grapples with the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacteriophage research offers a promising alternative. Phages, which are natural enemies of bacteria, have the potential to revolutionize the approach to treatment, disease control, and food security, he noted. He said building local expertise in phage application can enhance Uganda’s resilience against AMR and produce sustainable homegrown solutions to health and environmental challenges.
Prof. Robert Wamala said Makerere University was committed to supporting cutting-edge research and innovation that addresses national and global challenges in line with the university’s role in knowledge generation, technology advancement, and policy influence. The importance of regulatory institutions, he said, cannot be overemphasized in this endeavor, since they enforce compliance, uphold ethical standards, and foster an enabling environment for impactful research and innovation. He said the engagement presented an opportunity to strengthen collaboration between researchers, institutions, and regulatory bodies to ensure that the outcomes are scientifically sound and are aligned to the national development priorities and global best practices.
Dr. Claire M. Mugasa, the Dean of the School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS), CoVAB reiterated the fact that antimicrobial resistance was on the rise in Uganda and Africa, more than elsewhere in the world. She said it was time now that efforts be intensified in looking for sustainable options to curb the dangerous trends. She said this cuts across the human and the animals. She said it was an opportune time for players to come together to find ways of getting the required alternative. She said by coming together, the different ideas developed individually would in a concerted effort, pulling resources together for a way forward.
During the discourse, several subjects were addressed, including an introduction to antimicrobial resistance, phage biology, phage application, and lessons learnt from the establishment of a phage research centre in the UK, which was presented by Prof. Martha Clokie from the University of Leicester. This initiative reflects a commitment to fostering innovation, collaboration, and regulatory compliance, positioning Uganda as a leader in sustainable solutions for global challenges.
The symposium was sponsored by Global AMR Innovation Fund (GAMRIF), through a grant to the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in partnership with Phages for Global Health.
Veterinary & Biosecurity
First Symposium on Bacteriophage Research & Applications in Uganda Highlights Remarkable Milestones & Future Prospects
Bacteriophage research and its applications were the focal point of the 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University‘s College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025. This landmark event showcased Uganda’s strides in harnessing bacteriophages as innovative solutions to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other pressing health and agricultural challenges.
Key speakers included Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, CoVAB (Makerere University), who showcased Uganda’s pioneering phage research initiatives and vision. Tobi Elaine Nagel, the President of Phages for Global Health (USA), discussed the global significance of phage research. Prof. Martha Clokie, from the University of Leicester’s Centre for Phage Research (UK), shared insights into the latest advancements in phage therapy. Dr. Robert Blasdel, representing VASALE (Belgium), presented innovative solutions using bacteriophages. Ms. Abigail Riggs, from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK), emphasized international partnerships and policy development.
Speaking at the event, Prof. Edward Wamala, Makerere University’s Director of Research, Innovation and Partnerships, who represented the Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe at the event, highlighted the critical role of bacteriophage research in addressing the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). He explained how the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human health, agriculture, and aquaculture have accelerated the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, rendering standard treatments ineffective. Citing statistics from the World Health Organization, he pointed out that AMR claims over 1.3 million lives annually, a number expected to rise without urgent action. He lamented the stagnation of new antibiotic development due to high research costs and rapid bacterial resistance, making bacteriophage therapy a powerful and promising alternative.
Prof. Wamala expressed Makerere University’s commitment to advancing research that addresses critical societal challenges, aligning with its mission of generating transformative knowledge and fostering sustainable development. He emphasized Uganda’s potential to lead in bacteriophage research, driven by multi-disciplinary partnerships and capacity building. He also highlighted ongoing studies into aquaculture-specific bacteriophages at CoVAB as an example of how phage technology can revolutionize sectors like agriculture while addressing AMR. Through such efforts, the university aims to position Uganda as a global leader in innovative solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance and enhance public health.
Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, widely regarded as the mother of phages in Uganda, delivered a compelling presentation at the Symposium, where she detailed the impressive progress of phage research in Uganda since its inception in 2017. She highlighted Makerere University’s pioneering efforts, starting with a cohort of five undergraduate students, which have since expanded into groundbreaking research addressing challenges in agriculture, clinical health, food safety, and environmental safety. Key achievements include advancements in E. coli and Salmonella detection, tackling avian colibacillosis, and innovations in decontamination methods, underscoring the transformative potential of phage technology in combating antimicrobial resistance and enhancing public health.
The symposium honored collaborative efforts, including the establishment and accomplishments of Phage Team Uganda, which developed a repository of 125 characterized phage isolates and trained over 20 PhDs, MScs, and BSc students. Partnerships with international organizations such as IDRC InnoVet AMR and AU Safe Fish have significantly contributed to advancements in antimicrobial resistance and aquaculture.
Despite these achievements, Dr. Nakavuma noted challenges such as insufficient facilities for large-scale phage production, regulatory limitations, and financial constraints. She affirmed that despite the challenges, the team remained ambitious, envisioning the creation of a fully equipped Phage Research and Development Center, the commercialization of phage products, and the establishment of policy frameworks to support the use of phages in Uganda.
The Deputy Principal of CoVAB, Prof. James Acai Okwee, warmly welcomed the partners to the conference and acknowledged their invaluable contributions to the college’s research efforts. He emphasized the importance of collaboration in driving innovation and achieving impactful results, highlighting the pivotal role that partnerships play in fostering academic and scientific growth. Prof. Okwee’s remarks set an encouraging tone for the conference, reinforcing the college’s commitment to advancing research initiatives and creating opportunities for shared learning and development.
The event that attracted the participation of various stakeholders including academia, civil society, and policy makers, concluded with acknowledgments of the efforts of Phage Team Uganda, collaborators, and funders, setting the stage for an exciting future in Uganda’s journey to combat antimicrobial resistance and ensure food and environmental safety.
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