Veterinary & Biosecurity
Strengthening CoVAB’s Partnership with the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI)
The College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) and the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLRRI) agreed on the urgent need to formalize their relationship in the area of skilling, training, joint research activities, supervision, and joint grant writing. The two institutions are looking for ways to mutually benefit from each other’s strengths and expertise for improved productivity in their mandates leading to significant advancements in livestock research and education.
The staff of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), led by Principal Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, visited the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLRRI) in Nakyesasa on Tuesday, December 17th, 2024. They were welcomed by the Director of Research, Prof. Samuel Majalija, who, along with his staff, conducted a guided tour of the institute’s facilities and enterprises to gain learning experiences. The purpose of the visit was to forge a formal partnership between the two institutions in the fields of teaching, research, and outreach.
In his welcome remarks, Prof. Samuel Majalija, formerly a Deputy Principal of CoVAB, noted that NARO values collaboration and synergy and explained that all the ongoing work at NaLRRI/NARO was rooted in both local and international partnerships, including those with Makerere University. He said the visit by the college leadership and staff was no mean achievement for NaLRRI/NARO, but a gesture of continued relationships between the two institutions.
During a meeting held after a tour of various enterprises ongoing at NaLRRI, Prof. Samuel Majalija emphasized the pivotal role of scientists in enhancing the country’s productivity. Lack of written documentation hampers knowledge transfer he observed and stressed the necessity of creating simple Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) for every enterprise to instigate change nationwide. He expressed concern that despite being Uganda’s only livestock research institute, and the time he has been in the office of Director of Research, he had not seen any CoVAB students interning at NaLRRI. He challenged the college leadership to ensure that CoVAB students transition from theory to practical teaching and learning. Students need to be encouraged to gain hands-on experience, which is crucial for driving meaningful changes. Additionally, Prof. Majalija mentioned that NaLRRI/NARO was open to collaboration, with highly trained staff ready to engage with CoVAB students through Guest Lectures and skill-building initiatives. He emphasized the importance of Makerere University opening its doors to allow the research institute to tap into its extensive expertise.
Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, the Principal of CoVAB, acknowledged the warm welcome extended to CoVAB by the Director and staff of NaLRRI/NARO. He noted that the Makerere Strategic Plan 2020-2030, provides for a shift towards becoming research-led with increased emphasis on postgraduate training. Prof. Mwiine mentioned that Makerere benefits from a 30 billion research grant through MakRIF and highlighted ongoing collaborations with NARO, citing activities on the CoVAB land in Nakyesasa, which was originally part of NARO land. He said some NARO and Makerere University staff have in the past published jointly specifically in the field of livestock research and that both institutions were receiving funding through the Ministry of Science and Technology for vaccine development and emphasized the need for greater synergy and a convergence zone. Prof. Mwiine further stressed the need for continued collaboration with staff at NARO especially in student supervision and research publication.
The CoVAB Deputy Principal Assoc. Prof. James Acai Okwee, presented an overview of the ongoing research activities, challenges, and proposals for enhanced collaboration with NaLRRI/NARO. He outlined the existing research capacity in areas such as zoonotic pathogen screening for both human and animal infections, and the RTC’s work in researching ticks and tick-borne diseases. He also highlighted ongoing work at the Centre for Biosecurity and Global Health, which he said was leading the vaccine development efforts at CoVAB. Dr. Okwee noted that CoVAB acquired land in Nakyesasa in collaboration with NARO, and it was one of the areas where the college was undertaking activities like the livestock demonstration farms supported by the Korean government.
The Deputy Principal highlighted several challenges, faced by the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity including unfunded student research, which leads to delayed completion, dropout, and lack of depth. He also pointed out the inadequate infrastructure that requires refurbishing and the unsustainable project-based approach to research, as opposed to a program-based approach. He criticized the ivory tower model, where training is disconnected from research and practice. Additionally, he noted that the college has a large concentration of 140 underutilized scientists.
The CoVAB team was given a tour of the labs, where they observed the state-of-the-art equipment and demonstrations in the Nutrition Lab. They also visited the Pasture field, where Research Officer Allen Molly led the team through various demos of pastures and legumes. These included both Indigenous varieties from different regions of Uganda and improved varieties like sogmaize, highlighting their efficacy for milk and beef production. Also visited was the Aflasafe facility which undertakes monitoring of the safety inclusive of the analytical platform used for quantifying the different contaminations in food and beef and developing bio-control products to counteract the aflatoxins. At the Dairy establishment, the visiting CoVAB team was conducted around the Zero waste infrastructure, right from the care and feeding of cows themselves to the technologies issued in processing dung into gas and other bye by-products including soap, shampoo, and manure among others. Also visited was the anti-tick Vaccine facility which is undergoing expansion and will eventually undertake massive vaccine production of Livestock vaccines which is already developed.
As a way forward, it was also agreed that the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity was bound to benefit from the high expertise of the staff at NARO by not only allowing them to teach at Makerere University but also enabling them to involve more of the CoVAB students in the NaLRRI/NARO research programs. The partnership would also enable the two institutions to make accessible all available equipment and facilities for use across the board as far as it is possible as well as harmonize training at master level/research.
Research
The newly refurbished CoVAB-based Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC) Commissioned
On Friday, 1st August 2025, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, officially inaugurated the newly upgraded Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC) Lab at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB). The event brought together a wide range of stakeholders, including representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), the funding partner GLAVnet, the Uganda Veterinary Association (UVA), and the Uganda Animal Health Laboratory Network, staff and students of the college.
A once-outdated research lab in Uganda, as recently as 2015, has undergone a remarkable transformation, emerging as a multi-unit scientific powerhouse that now plays a pivotal role in advancing national health priorities and training students across diverse disciplines. Strategic partnerships fueled this revitalization, the most recent being the MoTAR project, Monitoring of Ticks and Acaricide Resistance in Uganda, implemented by CoVAB. With support from the Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines(GALVmed), the MoTAR project will establish a total network of nine technically equipped laboratories across the country. The labs, three of which have been commissioned, including RTC, Gulu, and Kumi labs, will be central to diagnosing tick-borne diseases, tracking acaricide resistance, and generating data to inform national policy and improve livestock productivity.
“If I could launch laboratories every single day and do nothing else, I would,” declared Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Vice Chancellor, during the unveiling ceremony. “Our vision is to transform into a more research-intensive, research-led university that journey begins here.”
He emphasized the transformative power of innovation, urging the community to view research not just as an academic pursuit but as a driver of development and job creation. He commended CoVAB for its remarkable research output, attributing it to the university’s ranking.
Prof. Nawangwe encouraged researchers to embrace a mindset of creativity and production. He noted the increasing volume of patent, trademark, and copyright applications processed by the university’s intellectual property office, which, he said, was evidence that scholars were now committed to turning ideas into impactful solutions.
The Vice Chancellor applauded the critical work taking place in the RTC lab, especially in addressing livestock mortality amid growing population pressures. He challenged vaccine researchers to ensure their innovations directly respond to the urgent need to safeguard the livestock sector, which is a cornerstone of national food security and economic stability.
While addressing the issue of a lack of jobs in the country, he said the responsibility of job creation lies on the shoulders of the researchers. “It is we who must create jobs through the students we train, and the innovations we make. We want every Makerere student to go out with a company in their hands to create jobs, he said, while congratulating the RTC team for the great work done.
The RTC lab’s strategic rise from humble beginnings
According to Dr. Patrick Vudrico, Head of the Facility and Principal Investigator of the MoTAR project, the transformation began in 2011, when the lab faced challenges of outdated equipment and limited operational capacity. Fueled by a vision for change, he said, a committed team spearheaded efforts to restore and reinvent the research center. A turning point came in 2016, when Dr. Vudrico received advanced training in Japan, which, coupled with the arrival of modern equipment, marked the beginning of a structured reorganization. By 2022, the lab had evolved into a robust multi-unit research complex featuring four specialized laboratories, namely genomics, serology, pharmaceutical research and development, and a general research unit, each aligned with CoVAB’s academic departments and Uganda’s broader scientific agenda.
The upgraded RTC Lab has become a magnet for budding scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines and institutions. While rooted within CoVAB, the facility draws active participation from other colleges at Makerere University, including the College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, particularly in the field of nanotechnology, the College of Health Sciences for pharmaceutical studies, the College of Natural Sciences for natural products research, and food science programs. Its national impact is further underscored by strong collaborations with external institutions such as Kyambogo University, Kampala International University (KIU), and Busitema University, and students from foreign universities. Beyond academia, the lab contributes to national health efforts as evidenced by collaborations with the FAO and JICA that have enabled community outreach, especially in Kiboga District, focusing on disease diagnostics and the management of ticks. Dr. Vudrico noted that the insights gained since 2013 stress the urgency of proactive research and rapid testing, since chemical resistance complicates tick control.
The PI explained that MoTAR, working closely with MAAIF, initiated efforts towards developing a digital National Information Management System. This integrates tick species mapping, acaricide resistance data, and pathogen tracking across Uganda’s ecologies. The refurbished and newly equipped labs will make high-quality data contributions to the system and in turn support the agricultural policy development in Uganda.
GALVmed supports small-scale livestock farmers through MoTAR
Speaking on behalf of the funding agency GALVmed, Dr. Johnson Ouma, the MoTAR Project Coordinator, expressed gratitude for the support provided by Makerere University towards the smooth project implementation. He underscored GALVmed’s mission to expand access to veterinary products and services for small-scale livestock producers, particularly those who lack the financial resources and proximity to essential inputs like drugs and diagnostics.
Dr. Ouma cited compelling research evidence that highlighted the widespread challenge of tick infestations and increasing resistance to acaricides, which has significant implications for livestock health and productivity. Thus, he explained the importance of investing in robust information systems capable of mapping acaricide resistance, tick distribution, and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens.
He commended Makerere University for taking a leadership role in developing these innovations, with the intent that successful strategies would be replicated in other countries facing similar challenges. Dr. Ouma concluded with optimism, noting that the MoTAR project is expected to yield impactful outcomes, both locally and internationally.
Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine Applauds RTC Lab’s Transformation
The Principal of CoVAB, Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, praised the RTC Lab team led by Dr. Patrick Vudrico for the impressive progress in revitalizing the laboratory. “It’s more than infrastructure; it’s a movement,” he said, emphasizing the lab’s key role in connecting classroom theory with hands-on experience.
Students are now being immersed directly into laboratory environments, gaining exposure to cutting-edge research and diagnostic techniques. Prof. Mwiine underscored that fifth-year veterinary students are actively deployed into districts, engaging with farmers and applying their knowledge on the ground.
This hands-on approach guarantees that future veterinarians are not only academically prepared but also rooted in community involvement and practical problem solving. Through training and outreach initiatives, the labs function both as learning centers and catalysts for societal change.
“We should take Makerere to the community and not the community coming to us” Prof. Mwiine added. He extended appreciation to MAAIF for the proposed 69 veterinary labs to be constructed in the country. He said the college continues to train students who will be handy in the use of the labs.
Prof. Robert Tweyongyere, Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources (SVAR), underscored the strategic importance of the RTC Lab by tracing its historical focus on tick-related research. He emphasized that tick resistance goes far beyond science, touching on economics, policy, and sustainability. “When ticks become resistant to acarisides,” he noted, “it leads to increased chemical use, higher costs, and broader socioeconomic consequences.” Prof. Tweyongyere celebrated the lab’s evolution into a national hub, now supporting other laboratories and diagnostic units in communities across Uganda. He further applauded the veterinary fraternity for its commitment to advancing animal health and spearheading diagnostic services in underserved regions.
A groundbreaking symposium exploring the role of insects in African farming systems concluded on June 6th, 2025, at Onomo Hotel in Kampala. Convened by Makerere University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) in collaboration with Michigan State University (MSU), the event drew participants from over ten countries, including researchers, development experts, regulators, and practitioners.
Under the theme “Advancing the Role of Insects in African Farming Systems for Feed, Food, and Food Security,” the two-day gathering aimed to share knowledge and experiences on integrating insects into food and feed systems to address food security challenges across the continent. The discussions revolved around four key sub-themes namely; Insects as animal feed to promote sustainable livestock production and livelihoods; Insects for human food and food security, including indigenous insect-based diets; Insects for improved soil health and crop production and Commercialization of insect farming, with a focus on regulation and standardization.
The symposium commenced with opening remarks delivered on behalf of Makerere University’s Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, by his representative, Prof. Frank Norbert Mwiine, Principal of CoVAB. He welcomed participants and commended Dr. Deborah Amulen, Lecturer at CoVAB and chief convener, for organizing a well thought out event. He emphasized that the symposium would not only raise awareness of the role of insects in Uganda’s and Africa’s socio-economic development but also help place insects on the agenda for broader discussions and integration into food security strategies. He said the event served as a platform for knowledge exchange, highlighting the untapped potential of insect farming in transforming food security, sustainable agriculture, and economic growth.
Key facilitators at the symposium were esteemed experts from leading institutions worldwide, who shared their insights on insect-based food systems and sustainable agriculture. Among the distinguished speakers were Prof. Jeffrey K. Tomberlin from Texas A&M University, Prof. Eric M. Benbow from Michigan State University, Prof. Florence Dunkel from Montana State University, Dr. Denise Beesigamukama, a Postdoctoral Fellow, ICIPE Kenya and Dr. Deborah Amulen the host from Makerere University. These are exemplified in their contribution towards academic research and leadership, policy and industry impact and more importantly their expertise in insect science.
During the deliberations, the experts emphasized that insects offer a viable, sustainable, and nutrient-rich solution to Africa’s growing food demands. The event underscored ongoing research and commercialization efforts aimed at mainstreaming insect farming into the agricultural sector. As global interest in alternative protein sources continues to rise, the symposium marked a significant step toward harnessing the potential of insects to enhance food security in Africa.
Experts underscored that Africa is home to over 470 recognized edible insect species, providing a rich source of proteins, fats, and essential micronutrients. Insects have historically been a staple in diets across Uganda, Southern Africa, and other regions, serving as a vital food source in times of drought, conflict, and food scarcity. One of the most discussed innovations at the event was the large-scale farming of Black Soldier Fly, which is being utilized to produce not only the larvae but also frass, a high-protein animal feed and organic fertilizer to enhance soil health and boost agricultural yields.
Several scholars presented their research in the area of Insects, where together with the farmers, industry representatives, policy makers and practitioners contributed valuable perspectives on advancing the role of insects in food security, animal feed, and ecological sustainability in Africa. Their discussions underscored the importance of research, policy, and commercialization in expanding insect farming across the continent.
One of the keynote discussions highlighted Uganda’s rich tradition of consuming insects as part of its food culture, reinforcing their significance in nutrition and sustainability. Participants shared insights on local insect consumption practices and their role in livelihoods, drawing from countries like Cameroon, Malawi and many others represented at the event. The forum also featured representatives from key institutions, including the National Council for Science and Technology and The National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) which contributed perspectives on research, policy development, and commercialization of insects as sustainable food sources, the Ministry for Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries (MAAIF), emphasizing the Ugandan government’s support for insect farming initiatives.
The Kenya based scientific research institute, the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) played a key role in the discourse and exhibited several innovations arising from research and their work in insects. Experts explored how insects can revolutionize animal feed production, providing an affordable, high-protein alternative to conventional sources.
With global attention shifting toward alternative and sustainable food sources, experts stressed the need for policy standardization and enhanced investment in insect-based food systems across Africa. During the event, MAAIF announced a $325 million investment through a six-year Smart Agriculture Transformation Project, aimed at expanding sustainable farming practices, reducing environmental impact, and increasing food security through alternative protein sources.
The symposium reaffirmed Africa’s position at the forefront of insect farming research, with discussions centered on scaling production, improving regulation, and leveraging indigenous knowledge for food security solutions. Moving forward, participants emphasized the importance of quality control, standardization, and policy frameworks to ensure safety, scale production, and boost market competitiveness. With Uganda leading discussions on alternative protein sources, the symposium laid the foundation for future innovations in agriculture.
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