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3rd GORILLA Conference Off to a Reflective Start

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The 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA) got off to a reflective start on Wednesday 4th December 2024 as delegates recognized that only 17% of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets are on track to be achieved by 2030. Officially presided over by the State Minister for Environment, Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar the opening ceremony was also graced by His Royal Highness Jude Mike Mudoma, the Umukhukha of Bamasaba Cultural Institution, Inzu Ya Masaba.

Organised by the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with the International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, the 3rd GORILLA Conference was aimed at contributing to the realization of the Global Development Agenda 2030. Specifically, the conference sought to provide a platform for conceptual, empirical, and theoretical conversations to address how science can help in bridging gaps and addressing sustainable development deficits.

Overview of the Conference

The National Organising Committee Chair and Deputy Principal College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze and his Co-Chair Dr. Jerome Ssebaduka Lugimira from the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) noted that the 2024 Conference attracted participants from over 50 countries. Whereas the first edition of the conference in 2020 attracted 114 participants, the second edition in 2022 attracted 163 participants and this year’s attracted 375 abstract submissions.

Co-Chair, Dr. Jerome Ssebaduka Lugimira makes his remarks at the Conference. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Co-Chair, Dr. Jerome Ssebaduka Lugimira makes his remarks at the Conference.

The Conference featured twelve (12) themes namely: 1) Geographies of Climate Change, Climate Justice and Just Transition, Spaces and patterns; 2) Biodiversity Informatics, Sustainable Ecosystems, Landscapes and People; 3) Green Growth and Transitions to Land Degradation Neutrality and Net Zero; 4) Water Governance and Transitions to Land Degradation Neutrality and Net Zero; 5) Interconnected Geo-hazards and Disasters in a Changing World; 6) Polycrisis: Migration, Displacement, Conflict and Humanitarianism; 7) The changing Geography of Agrifood Systems; 8) Nature Best solutions for inclusive and equitable development; 9) Emerging and novel technologies for societal resilience; 10) Sustainable Cities and Urban Systems in SSA; 11) Geographies of Energy and Energy Transitions; and 12) Environment and Health.

“What is quite striking is that the area of Biodiversity Informatics, Sustainable Ecosystems, Landscapes and People attracted the highest number of submissions, and SDG 13: Climate action turned out to be the most attractive but, you also have issues to do with SDG 15: Life on Land and SDG 14: Life Below Water” Prof. Bamutaze reported.

He noted that the Conference was desirous of taking stock of technologies, knowledge, innovations and all undertakings at local levels that are imperative in ensuring that the journey to achieving SDGs prioritizes safety. Staying with the SDGs, Prof. Bamutaze noted that despite the large volume of work published by scientists, there was a big gap regarding the utility of this work by policies.

Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze gives an overview of the 3rd GORILLA Conference. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze gives an overview of the 3rd GORILLA Conference.

Prof. Bamutaze shared that the Conference was preceded by trainings on how to harness Artificial Intelligence in ongoing work on biodiversity, a Hackathon aimed at tapping into Earth Observation data, a Summer School on Community Resilience and Geo-visualization with field visits to the Mt. Elgon catchment area as well as trainings on scientific writing.

Co-creation key to Social Transformation

In his remarks, the Acting Vice Chancellor, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi noted that the glaring sustainable development deficits call for accelerated actions from institutions in Africa, especially since the continent’s contribution to global knowledge output stands at less than 5%.

“We have an obligation to co-create knowledge tailored to environmental and social contexts that is actionable at scale; provide key evidence to policy makers and practitioners to enable them undertake grassroots actions and interventions; as well as co-create innovations that can catalyse social transformation” he shared.

Ag. Vice Chancellor, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi makes his remarks at the conference. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ag. Vice Chancellor, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi makes his remarks at the conference.

Prof. Buyinza informed conference participants of Makerere’s continued investment in building partnerships that advance national and global sustainability, with specific focus on PhD training so as to improve annual knowledge output from Africa. “Under the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA), we have defined core areas/disciplines in which we will collaboratively be churning out 1,000 PhDs annually.”

The Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) Systems

Addressing the conference, the Umukhukha Jude Mike Mudoma admitted that he was no stranger to academia, having been in research circles for the last 28 years as an environmental scientist. He therefore appreciated the opportunity to participate in the conference, especially at a time when the geographical area covered by his kingdom is in need of restoration to alleviate recurring natural disasters such as landslides.

The Umukhukha defined TEK as knowledge, beliefs and practices that indigenous people have developed over centuries to manage and conserve natural resources. “Our TEK is based on observations, experiments and spiritual connections with the natural world,” he noted, further adding “For example, our ancestors developed agroforestry systems that mimicked the natural forest ecosystem, promoting diversity and soil fertility.”

H.R.H. Jude Mike Mudoma, the Umukhukha of Bamasaba discusses about Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) at the conference. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
H.R.H. Jude Mike Mudoma, the Umukhukha of Bamasaba discusses about Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) at the conference.

HRH Jude Mike Mudoma singled out rainwater harvesting techniques and extensive knowledge of medicinal plants that has been passed down through generations as other examples of TEK. He further outlined the Bamasaba Clan-based Governance that provides a framework for decision making, conflict resolution and resource management as well as the Council of Elders that provides guidance and oversight of matters related to natural resource management, cultural heritage and community development as traditional institutions that play vital roles in TEK. He equally singled out traditional ceremonies such as Imbalu (circumcision) as gatherings that promote cultural heritage and provide opportunities for community members to discuss pertinent issues.

“I want to implore you people that we should help our scientists to document and preserve our TEK for future generations” appealed the Umukhukha to conference participants. “Secondly I want support for community-led initiatives. The whole of Mt. Elgon range is now declared a disaster area because we ourselves have destroyed the environment and recently we lost over 190 people who were buried and we have only recovered 25” added H.R.H. Mudoma.

Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (2nd R) presents an assortment of Mak Souvenirs to Umukhukha Jude Mike Mudoma (2nd L) as Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar (L) and Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (R) witness. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (2nd R) presents an assortment of Mak Souvenirs to Umukhukha Jude Mike Mudoma (2nd L) as Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar (L) and Assoc. Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (R) witness.

He further appealed to participants at the 3rd GORILLA Conference to support the Mt. Elgon region in areas of disaster risk reduction and management as well as environmental conservation and restoration. “Another area is climate change adaptation and mitigation and of course when these are done, we cannot forget community-based initiatives for sustainable livelihoods, which I have seen is part of your discussions here and I want to benefit from your expertise.”

Timing of 3rd GORILLA Conference Key

Following the moment of silence observed in respect of the recent Mt. Elgon landslide victims, the Chief Guest, Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar lauded the timing of the conference as befitting, especially as it coincides with ongoing local, regional and global efforts to address pressing sustainability challenges and transitions towards a green world.

Referring to the 29th Annual United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29) she attended in Baku, Azerbaijan, Hon. Anywar took note of the reinforced global climate action through an annual commitment of US$300billion in climate financing. The funding, she added, will help vulnerable nations adapt to climate change and embrace renewable energy.

The Chief Guest, Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar officially opens the 3rd GORILLA Conference. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Chief Guest, Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar officially opens the 3rd GORILLA Conference.

“As we sit here, I want us to think, how can we prepare as a country for the carbon credit and carbon markets? It is a new discovery, it is a new source of financing, how prepared are we?” Hon. Anywar asked her audience. “How do we have it clearly explained to our people the difference and benefits between organic agriculture and genetically engineered agriculture?” she further added.

The State Minister further urged the academia to always ensure that the community is brought on board during events where research is being disseminated. “In order to benefit them, they must be part of us, and they must understand what we are doing; they shouldn’t be suspicious” she added.

Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar (C) enjoys a photo moment with Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (R) and a CAES Staff. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Hon. Beatrice Atim Anywar (C) enjoys a photo moment with Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (R) and a CAES Staff.

Hon. Anywar concluded by urging participants at the 3rd GORILLA Conference to use the platform to together cultivate a cohesive knowledge ecosystem that drives forward Agenda 2030, “and this should include the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) as stipulated by H.R.H. the Umukhukha” she emphasised.

Insight into Remote Sensing in Africa

The opening ceremony was followed by a Keynote Address delivered by Prof. Moses Azong Cho, Professor at the University of Pretoria and Chief Researcher at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. His presentation titled Managing Remote Sensing Technology for Assessing Biodiversity sought to describe biodiversity in the context of remote sensing, illustrate some of the work that has been done in the field, and touch on the new era of space borne remote sensing for biodiversity assessment.

“I tell you my African colleagues, if you think that remote sensing in Africa is simpler, you’re mistaken. You’re dealing with a more complex environment; forests are more diverse, savannah landscapes are very diverse and rural areas are quite heterogeneous – the mosaic of different landscape forms and types is crazy on the continent. So, we rather need more complicated remote sensing tools to be able to provide the kind of information that’s required on the continent” narrated Prof. Cho of his experience.

He equally urged scientists and their teams to mind the way they communicate with stakeholders when they take remote sensing products to the communities. “Try to understand the stakeholders and ensure that you will sit down and have the language to convince them what you’re offering can actually help them improve on their services and decision making.”

Prof. Moses Azong Cho delivers the Keynote Address on Remote Sensing of Biodiversity in Africa. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Moses Azong Cho delivers the Keynote Address on Remote Sensing of Biodiversity in Africa.

Prof. Cho who earlier described himself as a Bio-Geoinformatician; one who combines knowledge of Biology, Ecology, Geography, Remote Sensing, and Geographical Information Science to understand biodiversity and ecological phenomena, found himself gradually becoming an Agro-Geoinformatician. This was after their rich biodiversity information and data maps could hardly attract any funding despite the well-articulated need to conserve the environment.

“Our people are dying of hunger, we need to produce food” prospective funders would respond, later adding “and you are saying we should conserve the rich landscape, with 60% of fertile uncultivated land present on the continent of Africa?”

This light bulb moment from this response led to the development by Prof. Cho and his team, of systems that can enable farmers to effectively use small parcels of land to cultivate food, as opposed to nomadic farming whereby exhausted soils are abandoned for opening of previously uncultivated lands, often rich in biodiversity. Smart farming, digital farming, satellite farming, conservation farming and regenerative agriculture are names that have come to define these systems.

“Remote sensing can play a vital role in these systems and so we actually changed the name of our research group from Earth Observation Group to Precision Agriculture Research Group and suddenly, we started getting lots of traction with both Government and Private Sector because we packaged the information that we generate using our remote sensing models into a software called the Precision Agriculture Information System” Prof. Cho shared.

Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze, Members of the National Organising Committee and a section of conference delegates stand for the anthems. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze, Members of the National Organising Committee and a section of conference delegates stand for the anthems.

The software enables farmers to access information on soil conditions and the health of their crops on a weekly basis. “We have developed models that can very accurately predict soil organic content, soil nitrogen content, pH of the soil, and soil moisture, because we have taken time to interpret the spectral information” Prof. Cho triumphantly shared.

On the new era of space borne remote sensing that is upon us, Prof. Cho shared that this will provide even higher resolution imagery that can monitor crop stress and relatedly, the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. “NASA is working on new programmes; there’s the PANGEA programme, where I am a Committee Member, where we want to deploy these new sensors within tropical forests in Congo, Cameroon and Ghana to see how we can assess tropical forest biodiversity and change with respect to global changes.”

Furthermore, developments such as the new synthetic radar signal that is not sensitive to clouds enables acquisition of reflected microwave energy both during the day and night, which is critical for the humid tropical regions that experience a lot of cloud cover.

“We need to prepare so that we are not left behind, particularly those of us on the African continent. We need to develop our infrastructure, and cloud computing platforms. We need to develop the capacity amongst our youth when it comes to big data analytics” concluded Prof. Cho.

Summing it all up

The captivating keynote address was followed by a panel discussion that debated; what academia is doing to ensure that it breaks free from the “Ivory Tower” mentality, and how academia and research institutions can contribute to processes that lead to the attainment of SDGs. Furthermore, the panel discussed; what universities can learn from Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), what CSOs can do to support Government’s drive to achieve SDGs, and the communities’ experience of progress made on SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing, SDG6: Clean Water and Sanitation, and SDG13: Climate Action.

Panelists (Left to Right): Mr. Ronald Kaggwa, Assoc. Prof. Justine Namaalwa, Ms. Pauline Nantongo Kalunda, Dr. Harriet Rachel Kagoya and Mr. Moses Nadiope. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University in partnership with International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission of Biogeography and Biodiversity, the IGU Commission on African Studies, Uganda Geographical Association, and the International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE) African Chapter, 3rd International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), Day 1, 4th December 2024, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Panelists (Left to Right): Mr. Ronald Kaggwa, Assoc. Prof. Justine Namaalwa, Ms. Pauline Nantongo Kalunda, Dr. Harriet Rachel Kagoya and Mr. Moses Nadiope.

Panelists included Assoc. Prof. Justine Namaalwa- Head Department of Environment Management, CAES, Mr. Ronald Kaggwa-National Planning Authority (NPA), Ms. Pauline Nantongo Kalunda- Executive Director ECOTRUST – the Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda, Dr. Harriet Rachel Kagoya- Director of Operations Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) and Mr. Moses Nadiope-Chairman/Coordinator Kasubi Parish Local Community Development Initiative.

To learn more about the GORILLA Conference, please visit: https://gorilla.mak.ac.ug

Mark Wamai

Agriculture & Environment

Africa Climate Collaborative: Masters & PhD Scholarship Announcement Academic Year 2026/2027

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Africa Climate Collaborative, Makerere University. Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University, in partnership with Mastercard Foundation, is implementing Africa Climate Collaborative, an initiative that aims to shape a future where African knowledge, innovation, and leadership drive sustainable, climate-resilient development across the continent.

Makerere University is pleased to announce Fifty [50] Masters and Twelve [12] PhD Scholarship opportunities under the Africa Climate Collaborative for the Academic Year 2026/2027.

DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATIONS: Friday, 5th June 2026. 

Mak Editor

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CPUg Project Equips Waste Management Personnel with Essential Skills

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Participants pose for a group photo on the opening day of the training, 30th March 2026. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

 *****The two-day training, hosted by the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) at Makerere University, was conducted under the auspices of the APPEAR Collaborative Research Project, ‘Clean and Prosperous Uganda – Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management for Improved Livelihoods (CPUg).

The challenge of waste management in Uganda

 Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) and Solid Waste Management (SWM) are essential for building healthy, resilient communities. However, in many parts of Uganda, these systems remain underdeveloped, leaving communities exposed to a wide range of complex challenges.

Improper handling and disposal of fecal sludge and solid waste pose both immediate and long-term public health risks, including the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. When human waste is not safely contained, treated, or disposed of, pathogens can contaminate water, food, and soil, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as children and residents of informal settlements.

Prof. Jeninah Karungi Tumutegyereize, the PI of the project welcoming participants to the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Jeninah Karungi Tumutegyereize, the PI of the project welcoming participants to the workshop.

Environmentally, unmanaged waste degrades ecosystems, pollutes rivers and wetlands, and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Open dumping clogs drainage systems, heightening urban flood risks and facilitating disease transmission. Non-biodegradable materials, including plastics, can persist for decades, blocking waterways, harming wildlife, and weakening communities’ resilience to climate change.

 The economic consequences are equally profound. Inefficient waste management undermines productivity by driving up healthcare costs, lowering property values, and limiting tourism and investment opportunities. Informal waste collection systems, often the only coping mechanism for many urban residents, fail to provide adequate protection for workers.

Participants from various segments of the waste management value chain during the training session. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Participants from various segments of the waste management value chain during the training session.

Given these intertwined health, environmental, and economic impacts, the burden of fecal sludge and solid waste in Uganda is not merely a municipal concern but a pressing national development issue. Urgent attention is required to invest in modern FSM and SWM infrastructure, promote behavioral change, and implement regulatory frameworks that ensure safe, sustainable, and inclusive waste management solutions. Without such interventions, the compounded risks to human well-being, ecosystems, and economic growth will continue to escalate.

Addressing the Challenge through the CPUg Project

The Clean and Prosperous Uganda – Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management for Improved Livelihoods (CPUg) Project, a collaborative initiative between the CAES, the Institute of Water Quality and Resource Management at Vienna University of Technology in Austria, the Department of Environmental and Livelihood Support Systems at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), and the Uganda Red Cross Society, seeks to tackle Uganda’s most pressing challenges in waste management.

Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula represented the Principal of the CAES. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula represented the Principal of the CAES.

The project set out to explore circularity concepts, test a variety of techniques for utilizing dried fecal sludge, analyze plastic recovery from existing composting plants, and evaluate the social and economic viability of improved FSM and SWM and their influencing factors on regional communities. Supported under the Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development (APPEAR), the project aims to examine how best to optimize and integrate FSM and SWM in rural settings in Wakiso District, refugee settlements in Arua District, and Uganda in general.

In addition to the technical aspects, the socio-economic viability of improved fecal sludge and solid waste management is being evaluated in terms of affordability, perceptions, and the willingness to accept and utilize these products. The project aims to contribute towards reshaping Uganda’s landscape through integrated solutions, scientific rigor, and inclusive community engagement. It stands as a model for integrated development.

Participants follow proceedings. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Participants follow proceedings.

It is coordinated by Prof. Jeninah Karungi Tumutegyereize from the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture at CAES, Makerere University.

Two-Day Training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management

The College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at Makerere University, in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, held a comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management.

Mr. Grace Kyagaba from the Uganda Red Cross Society shared insights on various aspects of Fecal Sludge Management. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Grace Kyagaba from the Uganda Red Cross Society shared insights on various aspects of Fecal Sludge Management.

The training, conducted on 30th-31st March 2026, at Makerere University was officially opened by the Principal of CAES, represented by Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula, Head of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture. Participants included representatives from academia, the private sector, municipal authorities, service providers, and farmers.

Mr. Medard Kakuru, a PhD student at the CAES presented his work on the Circular Economy Approach to Sanitation. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Medard Kakuru, a PhD student at the CAES presented his work on the Circular Economy Approach to Sanitation.

The training programme aimed to equip personnel across the waste management value chain with the knowledge and skills to transform fecal sludge and solid waste into valuable, sustainable agricultural and economic resources. It covered topics such as occupational safety, waste management infrastructure, processing and post-treatment methods, composting, carbonization, material flow analysis, service gaps, and economic considerations in Greater Kampala. Participants were also trained in specialized software tools designed to enhance efficiency and manage waste-to-resource processes, promoting both environmental sustainability and economic viability.

Particular emphasis was placed on shifting perceptions of fecal sludge-based products among end users, mainly subsistence and commercial farmers.

Mr. Richard David Le, and Ms. Sara Neuburg, PhD students at Vienna University of Technology in Austria delivered presentations on integrated fecal sludge management and material flow analysis. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Richard David Le, and Ms. Sara Neuburg, PhD students at Vienna University of Technology in Austria delivered presentations on integrated fecal sludge management and material flow analysis.

Emerging Issues from the Training

  1. Weak fecal sludge management systems: Existing systems, particularly in refugee settlements, are inadequate.
  2. Public health risks: Improper sludge handling continues to threaten health – only 44% of fecal sludge is safely managed.
  3. Limited technical capacity: Practitioners need more training in safe handling and reuse technologies.
  4. Low adoption of resource recovery: Sludge-to-product innovations are underutilized.
  5. Environmental pollution: Untreated sludge contaminates soil, water, and surrounding ecosystems.
  6. Poor integration with agriculture: Opportunities for nutrient recycling are not fully exploited.
  7. Inadequate equipment: PPE, emptying tools, and treatment facilities are scarce.
  8. Low composting standards in Uganda: Composting often follows non-scientific methods.
  9. Behavioral and hygiene gaps: Handwashing and proper waste disposal practices remain weak.
  10. Underdeveloped waste-based value chains: Compost, briquettes, and fertilizers are not economically leveraged.
  11. High reliance on on-site sanitation: Sewer network coverage is below 10% in Greater Kampala.
  12. Insufficient emptying and collection services: Services are limited and costly.
  13. Limited private sector engagement: Public investment and private participation are inadequate.
  14. Treatment capacity and cost recovery challenges: Facilities are strained and revenue mechanisms weak.
  15. Low willingness or ability to pay: Users are reluctant or unable to afford improved services.
  16. Negative perceptions of fecal sludge products: Public attitudes hinder adoption.
  17. Regulatory and equity barriers: Awareness is limited, regulations are burdensome, and access is unequal.
Mr. Richard David Le delivered a presentation on Integrated Fecal Sludge Management. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Richard David Le delivered a presentation on Integrated Fecal Sludge Management.

Way Forward

Effective waste management is essential for public health, yet remains a significant challenge in Uganda, with few households able to empty their on-site sanitation facilities due to high costs. Experts emphasize the need for increased investment and prioritization of operator safety. Rigorous safety protocols and training are critical to safeguarding workers and ensuring sustainable operations.

Part of the audience at the training. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Part of the audience at the training.

Remarks by the CAES Leadership

On behalf of the Principal of CAES, Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula underscored Uganda’s immense potential to benefit from effective fecal sludge and solid waste management. “In an agriculture-dependent country, converting waste into organic fertilizer and other resources can significantly enhance productivity and generate substantial economic benefits. At the CAES, we are proud to collaborate and support initiatives like CPUg through innovative research and capacity-building programmes that directly address Uganda’s environmental challenges. I extend my sincere gratitude to the researchers and partners for their unwavering commitment to advancing research and environmental management. Makerere University highly values these collaborations, and together, we form a powerful coalition driving positive change in Uganda’s development.”

A waste management operator sharing valuable insights during the training session. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) in collaboration with the Uganda Red Cross Society, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, comprehensive two-day training on Integrated Fecal Sludge and Solid Waste Management, 30th-31st March 2026, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A waste management operator sharing valuable insights during the training session.

The CPUg project has contributed to capacity-building by training five PhD students, three from Makerere University and two from Vienna University of Technology, as well as three MSc students from Makerere University. The results are expected to improve knowledge in waste management and strengthen stakeholder capacity across the waste management value chain.

Pictorial of the training:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1B9nUVHhQEsFncLJR3rlHN0Dd2-f7BStR?usp=sharing

Hasifa Kabejja

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Agriculture & Environment

RUFS Project Team Enhances Capacity of Smallholder Farmers in Mbale City in Financial Management & Communication

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The Project team led by Prof. Frank Mugagga with some of the farmers at the training venue. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.

Achieving lasting and sustainable success in agriculture goes far beyond planting and harvesting. It requires a diverse skill set, including financial literacy to manage budgets and make sound investment decisions, as well as effective record-keeping to track performance, inform operations, and identify opportunities for improvement. Equally important is strategic communication, which enables farmers to market their products, build brand visibility, and enhance profitability.

A strong understanding of group dynamics is also essential in helping farmers foster collaboration within cooperatives, community initiatives, and peer networks. By integrating these competencies, agricultural entrepreneurs can maximize productivity, optimize resource use, and build resilient enterprises capable of adapting to evolving environmental, economic, and social conditions.

The project team briefing the Mbale City CAO about the planned activities. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
The project team briefing the Mbale City CAO about the planned activities.

Despite the vital role urban farmers play in ensuring food security, many still lack the technical knowledge and skills needed to optimize productivity. This gap limits output and undermines the profitability, efficiency, and long-term sustainability of their farming enterprises.

Addressing the Skills Gap Through Phase II of the RUFS Project

Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project aims to address these challenges. Through hands-on training programmes in Mbale City and Kasese Municipality, the initiative seeks to equip urban farmers with practical knowledge, modern techniques, and adaptive strategies to improve productivity.

Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya, a mixed farmer in Nankusi Cell, Northern Division in Mbale City hosted the training. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya, a mixed farmer in Nankusi Cell, Northern Division in Mbale City hosted the training.

Led by Prof. Frank Mugagga from the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, and supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme, the project focuses on strengthening urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts. By promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, the initiative empowers farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies.

Training Sessions in Mbale City

To enhance their skills, the RUFS Project team held training sessions for smallholder farmers in Mbale City on 26th-27th March 2026. Hosted at the home of Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya, a mixed farmer in Nankusi Cell, Northern Division in Mbale City, the training provided a community-centered setting that encouraged active participation and peer learning.

The RUFS Project Coordinator at Makerere University, Prof. Frank Mugagga addressing the farmers. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
The RUFS Project Coordinator at Makerere University, Prof. Frank Mugagga addressing the farmers.

A total of 25 farmers attended the training, which aimed to strengthen financial literacy and enhance overall farm management practices. The sessions covered essential topics such as effective bookkeeping, farmer group dynamics, systematic documentation of farm activities, and the strategic use of media to share knowledge and promote agricultural products and services.

Farmers actively engaged in the discussions, openly sharing their experiences and the challenges they encounter. Many confessed that they did not maintain proper financial records, citing limited knowledge of record-keeping practices, the busy schedules, and, in some cases, low motivation to adopt structured documentation systems.

Training in Financial Management

In a comprehensive training session focused on bookkeeping, Mr. Mbowa Henry from AidEnvironment, also a member of the RUFS Project, emphasized the critical importance of maintaining accurate, consistent, and systematically organized financial records. He noted that proper record-keeping not only improves financial management but also strengthens farm management and promotes long-term economic sustainability of farming enterprises.

Mr. Mbowa Henry from AidEnvironment, also a member of the project, trained the farmers in bookkeeping. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Mbowa Henry from AidEnvironment, also a member of the project, trained the farmers in bookkeeping.

He introduced the farmers to the core components of an effective record-keeping system, including cashbooks, receipt books, expenditure registers, and bank records, tools essential for monitoring income, tracking expenses, and evaluating overall performance.

He encouraged the participants to actively apply the knowledge acquired, stressing that consistent adoption of these practices would empower them to optimize their farm operations, enhance productivity, and secure sustainable financial growth for their agricultural ventures.

Mr Mbowa training the farmers. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr Mbowa training the farmers.

Managing Farmer Group Dynamics

In addition to financial skills, the RUFS Project team, led by Mr. Mbowa and Ms. Ritah Pavin Nakanjako, provided guidance on farmer group dynamics. Discussions centered on common challenges affecting collective farming and strategies to address them. Key challenges identified included the lack of shared goals, conflicting individual interests, weak saving culture, leadership gaps, unregistered or family-centered groups, low participation in group activities, uncoordinated initiatives, politicking, and limited financial management skills, all of which hinder the success of farmer groups. The trainers emphasized the importance of unity, clear objectives, and structured collaboration in strengthening group performance.

Climate Change Risks

Another significant topic of discussion was climate change and its devastating effects, as well as the social and hydrological histories, emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive strategies in agriculture. The Elgon region, which spans Eastern Uganda’s highlands and the foothills of Mount Elgon, is particularly vulnerable to extreme rainfall, flash floods, and landslides due to its steep terrain, heavy seasonal rains, and densely settled, erosion-prone slopes. Over the decades, such disasters, most notably in 1997-2004, 2010, 2018, 2022, and 2023, have resulted in displacement, destroyed livelihoods, damaged infrastructure, increased food insecurity, and heightened health risks.

Mr. Juma Wephukulu educated the farmers on the importance of proper documentation. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Juma Wephukulu educated the farmers on the importance of proper documentation.

During the training, farmers shared firsthand accounts of the devastating impacts of recurrent floods in the region. Facilitated by Mr. David Luswata, a Masters student supported by the project, and Ms. Patricia Kiggundu, a member of the project, the sessions offered a collaborative platform for participants to explore long-term, sustainable solutions aimed at reducing both the risks and economic losses associated with climate variability. As part of his Masters research on flood risk management among smallholder farmers in Mbale City, Mr. David Luswata engaged the farmers on the impact of floods on crops, livestock, property and livelihoods.

Documentation and Knowledge Sharing

The training also emphasized the critical role of documentation in effective farm management and knowledge sharing. Mr. Juma Wephukulu, a member of the RUFS Project and Chairperson of the Mbale City Food Systems Platform, offered detailed guidance on essential practices for recording day-to-day agricultural activities. Drawing from his own experience, Mr. Wephukulu authored a book chronicling his farming journey. Supported by RUFS, the publication serves as an educational guide and an inspirational resource, equipping other farmers with practical insights, strategies, and motivation to enhance productivity and resilience.

Mr. Wephukulu offering tips on effective writing skills. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Wephukulu offering tips on effective writing skills.

Communication and Media Engagement

Another distinctive feature of the training was its focus on communication and media engagement. Farmers were encouraged to leverage media platforms to amplify their voices and share their experiences with wider audiences. Mr. Wataba Shaban, a talk-show host at IUIU FM in Mbale City, led a simulated radio talk-show session, demonstrating effective techniques for communicating agricultural issues and providing participants with practical skills for public engagement.

Mr. Wataba Shaban, talk-show host at IUIU FM in Mbale City, guided the farmers on strategies for engaging with the media. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Wataba Shaban, talk-show host at IUIU FM in Mbale City, guided the farmers on strategies for engaging with the media.

Community Perspectives

Many of the factors driving climate change are the result of human activity, frequently stemming from unsustainable agricultural practices and improper construction methods. Representing the farming community, Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya called for more educational programmes and capacity-building initiatives to deepen understanding of the causes of climate change and strategies for mitigating its impact. He expressed gratitude to the funders and the project team for the interventions.

Addressing the participants, Mr. Munowa Hassan, LC1 Chairman of Nankusi Cell in Northern City Division, Mbale City appreciated Makerere University for its numerous initiatives aimed at empowering farmers and enhancing food security. He called for the expansion of such projects.

Mr. Wataba Shaban, a talk-show host at IUIU FM in Mbale City, led a simulated radio talk-show session. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Wataba Shaban, a talk-show host at IUIU FM in Mbale City, led a simulated radio talk-show session.

Action Planning

To translate knowledge into action, participants collectively developed a concrete action plan and a monitoring and evaluation framework to track progress, measure outcomes, and make necessary adjustments to achieve the desired impact.

A similar training will be conducted in Kasese Municipality.

Pictorial of the training:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OLgem3m5Lnnq5b0Nm4giPKcBnZPsZrEF?usp=sharing

More about the RUFS trainings: https://news.mak.ac.ug/2025/10/rufs-project-team-trains-smallholder-farmers-in-mbale-city-in-smart-agronomic-practices/

More photos

Ms. Ritah Pavin Nakanjako led the session of farmer group dynamics. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Ms. Ritah Pavin Nakanjako led the session of farmer group dynamics.

Mr. Mbowa Henry and Ms. Nakanjako Ritah engaged participants on farmer group dynamics, sharing effective strategies to strengthen collaboration and boost productivity. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Mbowa Henry and Ms. Nakanjako Ritah engaged participants on farmer group dynamics, sharing effective strategies to strengthen collaboration and boost productivity.

The farm of Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya, one of the farmers supported by the project. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
The farm of Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya, one of the farmers supported by the project.

Prof. Mugagga emphasized the importance of proper record-keeping and documentation, and urged the farmers to protect their ideas against plagiarism. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Prof. Mugagga emphasized the importance of proper record-keeping and documentation, and urged the farmers to protect their ideas against plagiarism.

Ms. Patricia Kiggundu, alongside Mr. David Luswata, a Master’s student supported by the project, led the session on climate change-related losses. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Ms. Patricia Kiggundu, alongside Mr. David Luswata, a Master’s student supported by the project, led the session on climate change-related losses.

Mr. David Luswata engaged the farmers on the impact of floods on crops, livestock, property and livelihoods. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. David Luswata engaged the farmers on the impact of floods on crops, livestock, property and livelihoods.

Ms. Patricia Kiggundu and Mr. David Luswata engaging the farmers on climate change risks and the social and hydrological histories. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Ms. Patricia Kiggundu and Mr. David Luswata engaging the farmers on climate change risks and the social and hydrological histories.

Ms. Eunice Muyama led the session on action planning. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Ms. Eunice Muyama led the session on action planning.

Ms. Eunice Muyama, a Physical Planner from Mbale City and a committed RUFS Champion addressing the farmers. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Ms. Eunice Muyama, a Physical Planner from Mbale City and a committed RUFS Champion addressing the farmers.

Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
The project team with the host, Hajji Siraji Kamulegeya at his home in Nankusi Cell, Northern Division in Mbale City.

Hajji Kamulegeya briefing the project team on his agricultural enterprises. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Hajji Kamulegeya briefing the project team on his agricultural enterprises.

Mr. Munowa Hassan, LC1 Chairman of Nankusi Cell in Northern City Division, Mbale City. Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project to strengthen urban food systems to withstand climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices that empower farmers to sustain productive, profitable, and resilient operations, ultimately improving livelihoods and contributing to stable urban food supplies by Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climate Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa supported by the AgriFoSe2030 Programme. Mbale City Training 26th-27th March 2026.
Mr. Munowa Hassan, LC1 Chairman of Nankusi Cell in Northern City Division, Mbale City.

Hasifa Kabejja

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