Business & Management
EfD-Uganda Stakeholders Co-Creation Workshop Discusses Clean Energy Solutions for Small Holder Farmers
Members of the academia and EfD research fellows on 25th April, 2024 held a co-creation workshop with representatives from government ministries, civil society organization and the private sector to generate a context-relevant Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs)-led model for supporting the transition to low-carbon ag-tech by smallholder farmers.
The EfD in collaboration with Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) embarked on the study titled, “Clean Energy For Development: A Call For Action (CEDCA): Renewable Energy MSMEs operating to modernize agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia: Barriers, opportunities, and implications for an inclusive low carbon transition”
The project funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) is being implemented in four countries namely; Burkina Faso, Kenya, Uganda, and Vietnam.
The EfD-Uganda project team is composed of Prof. Edward Bbaale, who is also centre Director, Dr. Aisha Nanyiti Lecturer, School of Economics, Dr. Florence Lwiza, Lecturer, School of Agricultural Sciences and Gyaviira Ssewankambo, Junior Research Fellow.
The objectives of the study were to establish the barriers and opportunities for the emergence of a vibrant MSME sector to support the use of modern energy technologies in agriculture for inclusion of women and youth in the ag-tech MSMEs value chains and to undertake rigorous tests of context-relevant models to support the transition to low-carbon agricultural technologies.
The study undertook a three phased approach namely the Diagnostic, Design and Test phases.
The Diagnostic phase whose findings were presented by Dr. Lwiza Florence sought to understand the state of affairs on the supply side and the demand side of the renewable ag-tech industry in Uganda. Among other things, the diagnostic phase sought to establish the type of ag-technologies supplied by the renewable ag-tech industry, the scale of supply-side players, State of women, youth, and other groups involvement on the ag-tech supply side, the type of ag-technologies demanded and needed by the farmers, the state of women, youth, and other groups involvement on the ag-tech demand side, barriers to up-take of low-carbon ag-techs and opportunities for supporting the emergence of a dynamic MSME-led transition to the use of low-carbon ag-techs.
The Test phase will involve rigorous impact evaluation of an MSME-led model.
In the Design phase, a Co-creation workshop with MSMEs and Stakeholders had a plenary session to generate a context-relevant MSMEs-led model for supporting the transition to low-carbon ag-tech by smallholder farmers.
Participants joined in a discussion on renewable energy projects in their organizations and their experiences with low-carbon ag-techs like solar or hybrid water pumps, batteries, generators, driers, fridges, and millers.
The research team also sought the stakeholders’ opinion about the effectiveness of sensitization programs in advancing the uptake of modern ag-technologies, their opinion of a fairly feasible MSMEs-led model for enhancing smallholder farmers, women, and youth uptake of modern ag-technologies plus any feedback or questions to the research team.
The workshop was officially opened and closed by the Director Directorate of Graduate Research and Training Prof. Edward Bbaale who is also Director EfD-Uganda. Bbaale emphasized the contribution of stakeholders a key to the project success.
“If we must do research that will change our society, then it is you, colleagues, that must work with us. If you don’t agree to work with us, then we shall be developing solutions and developing policy recommendations that will not actually serve the purpose.
And because of that, then we count on you continuously to work together, to craft together, to co-create together so that we can be on the point. We need to work together so that the results that we get and the recommendations can be usable by you, can be acceptable by you, and then in so doing we shall change our society and experience the true socio-economic transformation,” Bbaale stressed that in trying to understand many of the intricate aspects of the society and economy, the centres key focus is to work with stakeholders in government, the private sector and other non-public entities.
He stated that the issue of green transitions is a global question being approached from different aspects where energy and low carbon solutions occupy a very important space. Commending Government of Uganda for different initiatives promoting use of clean energy, Bbaale expressed the need for agriculturalists and those in the value chain to use renewable energy for production, processing, value addition and marketing.
“So if we are to transit, we must get a solution in terms of energy. We must get a solution for the energy at home, in the workplaces, in the industries and we must get a solution for the energy in the transport sector” he added and appreciated participants for the exchange of ideas especially the number of ideas on what other people are doing as far as SME energy solutions are concerned. He assured participants that in doing research, the center and university are open to ideas, and so was the reason for this workshop.
Makerere University, as an institution, Bbaale explained, is focused to becoming a research-led and innovation-driven institution. And because of that, he added Makerere is looking at research that interrogates into the different technologies and research that lead to new innovations.
“And I want to say that the type of work that we are doing in this research is about the energy solutions as they exist in the small and medium enterprises. And as a result, we are right in connection with you, stakeholders, in an attempt to address the problems that our society faces.”
It is now well known that the world is transiting, but now through the transition to low carbon solutions, research is at the core of what we are, what we must do and where we must go. The country is relying on us”, the professor said.
The approach to research he added is building with colleagues, through collaborations, making sure that the policy actors, the researchers from Makerere, people from government ministries SMEs, civil society, the private sector and others come together to craft a solution that is workable in the real world today.
Presenting the study overview Dr. Aisha Nanyiti explained that Climate change poses significant risks to farming households around the world but the risk is higher for SSA with about 600 million people living in severe energy poverty.
Households, according to Nanyiti, have limited potential to cope with climate risks. While not among the big emitters, Uganda’s climate action contributes to global climate efforts, and reduces the country’s vulnerability to spatial climate change effects, given the limited coping potential.
“Uganda’s agricultural sector contributes highest to its emissions and accounts for 53.3% of the GHG emissions. Low-carbon agricultural energy technologies are hence an indispensable fragment of Uganda’s energy transition.
However, the uptake of these technologies is low. Lack of access, affordability, knowledge of alternatives, and financing are cited as the key barriers to uptake”, Nanyiti said.
Dr. Nanyiti further explained that MSMEs can play a central role in driving the uptake of low-carbon ag – technologies. The highest proportion of Uganda’s MSMEs she reported are engaged in the agricultural sector with high potential for involvement of women and youth, potential adopters of ag-tech, and distribution of ag-tech, through innovative business models.
Participants appreciate the project, ready for further engagements
Key outputs from the stakeholders engagement included agitation for sensitization, relating the project to government initiatives and existing legal framework, scaling up the project, learning from other countries what they have done, the need for heavy polluters to pay more, use of carbon credits as incentives to SMEs using clean energy, targeting real users of clean energy and standardization of products to eliminate counterfeits.
Representing the Assistant commissioner Ministry of Water and Environment Nathan Mununuzi also Senior Environmental Officer, appreciated the project and expressed the need to look at government initiatives in regard to promoting clean energy to safe guard the environment and increasing agriculture productivity.
“I really appreciate so far what has been presented. These are real facts on the ground, and we look forward to further engagements. So far you’ve engaged the MSMEs, but you’ve not had the story of what initiatives government is putting in place in regard to that subject”.
He highlighted some of the government projects including the Uganda Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer that is supporting farmers with irrigation technologies and promoting solar powered irrigation schemes. Another one is the wetland restoration project engaging and encouraging farmers to voluntarily leave the wetlands, but give alternatives to grow high-value crops and fish ponds on the fringes of the wetlands and a green fund which can support some of those initiatives.
Representing the Commissioner Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Micheal Ahimbisibwe a Senior Energy Officer, hailed the project team and implored them to consider numbers and percentages.
“I’m happy with the study myself and I would be very glad to read the detailed report. This was a summary and the summary usually doesn’t give a lot”.
Most of your observations were in terms of, more people agreeing to this, less people agreeing to this. It would do more in terms of percentages and numbers, so that it gives a very good comparison. Because more can be 70, can be 100. And then I think you also concentrated on a few technologies, mainly solar. There are many more technologies out there which are very helpful to agriculture sector than solar itself. Of course, everybody, when we talk about renewable, many people understand solar quickly because that’s what has been flushed into everybody’s mind.
Then there’s also the issue of the life cycle analysis. When we are deploying renewable energy it would be actually also important in value addition. When you are harvesting, you may need energy for harvesting. And I want to see you touching on that part”.
Ahimbisibwe clarified that the ministry designed a project that is supposed help the farmers and the companies have access to affordable financing, which will help them to deploy further and wider. The financing is structured in a way that the company which is dealing in renewable products can access the financing to expand their product line as well as the market range.
With established office countrywide this financing enables famers and SMES, get the renewable energy equipment that they would wish to have and pay back in small installments.
The other drawback was the research concentration in Kampala area, Wakiso and Entebbe which he argued do not have a lot of agricultural hinterland and therefore the agricultural inputs for which these companies are targeting to give out may not be so big. If the research team went out beyond this area, Ahimbisibwe reasoned, there’s more agriculture taking place there which can help the companies to sell much.
Ahimbisibwe reported that recently, government launched a free connections policy and got funding from World Bank to actualize that connection to anybody who is near an electricity pole and has never been connected but is willing.
“You can go and ask in your neighboring office to be connected, or even tell your friends and neighbors because the funding is available. What we are looking for are the people to be connected. But you must get your house wired properly for a connection to take place. But it is a free connection. If you are near a pole or you need one pole to your house, you can use that opportunity.”
And since this is an agricultural symposium, Ahimbisibwe explained it is linked to energy with a component of clean cooking. Uganda according to Ahimbisibwe is highly dependent on biomass for cooking and the Ministry is trying to advocate for alternatives to biomass by making sure that biomass is used sustainably, but also deploying other alternatives into the market such as LPG, ethanol and electricity for cooking.
Assistant Commissioner for Agribusiness in the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries Yusuf Ogwang said the use of clean energy is a worldwide initiative which is also being emphasized by government ministries, agencies and departments covering the whole value chain from production to marketing.
Ogwang noted because most of the technologies come from the National Research Organisation, the ministry was encouraging the private sector to produce some of these technologies, that are user-friendly by the farmers, and also that are clean energy.
The ministry he said implemented the agricultural transit development project, in production, encouraging farmers in many irrigation sites on the use of solar, renewable energy.
The ministry he added has zoned our agriculture and within each zone there is a center for demonstration picking up and most of the people are using solar for irrigation.
“And also in value addition, we discourage our farmers to use generators. Internationally it is not allowed. So we encourage them to use hydro power and also solar, clean energies. And this has picked up. This project supported so many farmers engaging in production, value addition and packaging”
He reported that government has a big project which is related to this one- the Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project covering about 70 districts all over the country. He called on the EfD researchers to join hands.
“… we should work together because there are so many things that you are doing here that we can borrow from you, and there are so many things that we are doing that you can borrow from us. Because this project is covering the whole value chain, animal, crops, animal stock, livestock, crops, and fisheries. Discovering all those value chains”.
The commissioner added that the ministry is now employing officers that have techniques in soil and land management. The project he said developed climate smart practices in coffee, plantations, and has five enterprises namely rice, beans, coffee, maize, and then cassava discouraging environmental degradation, in the whole value chain, from production up to marketing.
“In addition, the project is going to cover the whole areas of livestock, fisheries, and crop. So I think you are spot on. The only thing I want to emphasize is let’s work together. I think there’s a missing link. There are so many things we can do together so that we develop our farmers.”
Ogwang also appreciated the project presentations.
“I really like the presentation from my sister, Florence. Dr. Florence, you really put everything on the ground. Well put all those challenges, those are the real issues that are affecting our farmers. And then the recommendations, I was very happy with it”
Presentation on the Project overview and Diagnostic phase findings attached.
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda
Business & Management
CoBAMS holds Strategic Planning Retreat: Prioritization of research-driven strategies, graduate training, quality teaching and internationalization
Through its strategic plan, Makerere University commits to being a research driven institution. This presents the ten (10) colleges at Makerere University with a golden opportunity to tap into the vast knowledge and rich experience of its qualified and experienced staff to contribute to the realization of the University’s research agenda.
Consequently, the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) led by the Principal, Prof. Edward Bbaale organized a two-day strategic planning retreat bringing on board a representative sample of staff classified as the College management team to critically discuss the research direction of the college and come up with strategies aligned to the Makerere University strategic plan.
The two-day strategic planning retreat (10th to 11th April 2025) involved highly interactive sessions with seasoned facilitators namely the Principal-Prof. Edward Bbaale, the Deputy Principal-Prof. James Wokadala, the Director of Graduate Training-Dr. Julius Kikooma, the Head of Grants Administration and Management Support Unit (GAMSU)-Prof. Sylvia A.N. Nannyonga-Tamusuza and the Director of Quality Assurance-Dr. Cyprian Misinde. It was moderated by Ms. Ritah Namisango and Mr. Peter Mubiru, who are members of the CoBAMS management team.
The presentations featured the College Strategic direction, the College Quality Assurance Framework, the Strategic direction of Makerere University on graduate training, Grants Management and harnessing the power of the College and members of staff to attract and win grants. In addition, the retreat provided a forum to discuss other critical functions such as innovative teaching and learning, internationalization, community engagements, knowledge transfer partnerships and networking.
Welcoming the participants, Prof. Edward Bbaale emphasized that the strategic planning retreat provided a pivotal platform to shape the future of the college. He stated that as Makerere University implements its research-driven agenda, CoBAMS will play a central role through prioritization of research and graduate training, internationalization, and provision of innovative teaching and learning.
He informed the College management team to embrace an approach that positions the students at the centre of research and the various activities undertaken by the College.
“The best way to propel CoBAMS is by working with students. A student with a good Masters’ degree dissertation should be supported through mentorship to publish his or her work,” he said.
Strategic and research direction of the College
Prof. Bbaale guided that every member of faculty should focus on increasing graduate student enrolment and knowledge production. Referring to well researched data, Prof. Bbaale reported that graduate students account for only 12% of the enrollment. He noted that the goal was to ensure that graduate students constitute 30% of the total enrollment by 2030. He rallied members of staff to work together to increase the number of graduate students both at Masters’ and PhD levels. He implored staff to effectively supervise graduate students so that they complete on time. He encouraged staff to involve graduate students in research projects, grant writing and joint publications. He noted the need to profile and follow up the graduate students.
Convinced about the strong correlation between research output and the number of PhDs, Prof. Bbaale urged staff to increase the number of PhD students. For instance, the taught PhDs in Economics, Finance, and in Statistics will significantly contribute to increased enrollment,” he said.
“Central to this is stabilizing graduate output and ensuring consistent PhD supervision. The structured PhD by research program and the taught PhDs if managed well will significantly increase the number of graduate student enrollment,” he added.
In this regard, Prof. Bbaale congratulated the Units under the College of Business and Management Sciences namely the School of Business, the School of Economics, and the School of Statistics and Planning for coming up with the option of taught PhDs.
On the issue of timely completion of graduate programmes, he advised the faculty members to ensure that the students present vivas in January, February or March.
In addition, the crucial role of graduate coordinators and the college doctoral forum, convened by Dr. Kassim Sendawula, in nurturing a sense of community and providing support for Ph.D. students was emphasized.
Providing direction on research centres, he demystified the concept of thinking that one requires a physical building or large space to come up with a research centre. Prof. Bbaale encouraged faculty members to network and form research centres. “A centre is a team of researchers with like minds, passion and expertise in a particular area/field. For instance, Members of staff in the College of Business and Management Sciences could establish a Centre of Excellence in Tax Advisory.”
He explained the need to translate research into products that can be sold. He commended the ongoing initiatives by the College such as the Entrepreneurship Congress, and the Makerere University Innovation Pod. He called upon staff in CoBAMS to work with the Makerere University Innovation Pod, which is headed by a faculty member-Dr. Cathy Mbidde.
On the issue of internationalization, the Principal called for more collaborations with internationally recognized and reputable universities, bodies and research centres. He advised staff to actively participate in Erasmus mobility programmes and to implement collaborations that provide for staff and student exchange programmes.
In addition to acquiring degree qualifications from Makerere University, he advised the teaching staff to take a bold step and attain academic qualifications from internationally recognized institutions in other countries/continents.
“As a member of faculty, if your undergraduate degree or Masters’ was awarded by Makerere University, it is important that you secure your PhD from another internationally recognized university. This presents you with a rich and wider perspective as an academic, distinct advantage, exposure and access to other networks,” he guided.
Tackling the financial sustainability of the College, the Principal explained the need to establish special programs to operate as projects for example short courses leveraging the Council’s sharing ratio of 20:80, lobbying the University Management for more funding, mobilizing the college alumni, growing the College Endowment Fund, enhancing grant writing through GAMSU support and strengthening the College’s IRB.
Quality Assurance in teaching and learning processes
In his presentation, Dr. Cyprian Misinde focused on the standards and guidelines that should be followed by staff to safeguard the quality of processes at Makerere University.
Dr. Misinde re-affirmed the need for the CoBAMS teaching staff to scale up their research potential and outputs, actively participate in capacity building programmes, and above all, to continue to publish their research or work in internationally recognized journals.
He articulated the need to uphold the provision of high quality academic programmes through curriculum reviews, peer reviews, involvement of the private sector and industry, and following national and international accreditation procedures.
Dr. Misinde equally stressed the need for academic staff and heads of the respective departments to understand the accreditation steps and requirements and strictly adhere to the procedures. This, he added, will enable the Schools and Colleges to submit the academic programmes for accreditation to the Academic Registrar, Directorate of Quality Assurance and the University Senate within the expected timelines.
To enhance the effectiveness of instruction, he encouraged the teaching staff to adhere to fulfilling the minimum teaching load as per the University policy, reinforcing the commitment to delivering quality education.
On the management of students’ results, Dr. Misinde appealed to the teaching staff to mark the students’ scripts within the stipulated timeline. He reminded the teaching staff to adhere to the centralized marking processes at the College or School levels. He advised the College leadership to always invite the Student leaders or representatives to witness the centralized marking processes in order to build trust and transparency at all levels.
He informed participants about the independent student-staff assessment/evaluation tools that are administered by the Quality Assurance Directorate. These, Dr. Misinde clarified, present an opportunity to the students to assess their respective teachers/lecturers. He stated that these evaluations are essential for fostering educational quality and enriching the overall student experience. He disclosed that the feedback gathered from these assessments not only informs curriculum development but also identifies areas that require improvement in teaching methodologies, aligning with the university’s strategic objectives.
Graduate training at Makerere University
Building on the call to action by Prof. Edward Bbaale to the teaching staff to actively participate in critical processes aimed at increasing the number of graduate students, Dr. Julius Kikooma’s presentation centred on sensitizing staff on their obligations in the realization of that dream.
He outlined the Makerere University graduate policies, framework for structured PhD by research, graduate supervision and mentorship, digitization of the graduate training processes through the Digital Research Information Management System (RIMS), strengthening the capacity and commitment of human resources to drive the research-led agenda, elements of the Makerere University Graduate research strategy, teaching of PhD cross cutting courses, among other key factors.
Dr. Kikooma called upon Deans, Heads of Departments, Supervisors of Graduate Progammes and Registrars at CoBAMS to participate in the training on RIMS scheduled to take place on 21st April 2025.
Grants Administration and Management at Makerere University
In her presentation, Prof. Sylvia A. N. Nannyonga-Tamusuza reported that funds received through grants significantly contribute to building the research profile of the University, calling upon, Colleges to implement strategies aimed at attracting and winning research grants at the national and global levels.
She explained the need to professionally manage the research grants, requesting those entrusted to adhere to the terms and conditions specified in the guidelines or contract.
She observed that whereas it is mandatory to close out a grant/project, some entities do not, which is a great omission. She urged the faculty members and researchers to follow the guidelines stipulated during the grant application and award processes.
The Head of GAMSU emphasized the need to form research teams. “We have different abilities and skills. Through teams, we leverage our strengths. It also encompasses the multi-disciplinary approach,” she said. Underscoring the role of negotiation and interpersonal relations, she recommended training of researchers to engage with international partners.
She re-affirmed the necessity for proper documentation, transparency and accountability for funds. She reminded Principal Investigators, researchers and staff in general that research grant money is received on behalf of the institution, and not individuals. Thus, GAMSU expects to receive quarterly reports on grants. She explained that whereas some units could have designated a researcher or a member of staff to manage grants, when following up reporting and accountability for such funds, GAMSU engages the College Principal and College Bursar/Accountant.
To continue onboarding staff on grant administration and management, Prof. Nannyonga-Tamusuza revealed that GAMSU would conduct an intensive three (3) day training for Accountants, Research Assistants and Staff who handle grants at the University.
Way Forward
The College leadership team was tasked to lobby management to have an institutionalized mechanism for staff who mobilise resources for the University.
The College leadership team would schedule a specialized meeting with the University’s central management pertaining to research, funding, grant writing and execution, and graduate training among others.
Noting that members of staff play a vital role in the success of the college, the participants recommended prioritization of staff welfare focusing on health, sports, and morale.
Touched by the active participation and articulation of critical issues, the Principal committed to work with the College management team to ensure that the retreat bringing on board the College Management team is held twice a year.
Closing remarks
Prof. Wokadala commended the College management team members for participating in the retreat. “The retreat is one of the vehicles of creating a bond as the College management team. I am glad that we have discussed a number of critical issues that align with the strategic direction of the University,” said the Deputy Principal.
Prof. Bbaale thanked the organizing team and participants, urging them to reflect on the discussions and implement agreed-upon actions to improve the college for the benefit of its stakeholders, including students and the broader community. He also pointed out the need for the next retreat to focus on aligning the College’s strategy with the National Development Plan 4 (NDP4), ensuring its relevance and contribution to national development goals.
Business & Management
Government Officials Equipped with Critical Skills in Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis
A two-week intensive training in Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis for government officers across Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) concluded today April 11, 2025 at the Pearl on the Nile Hotel in Jinja. The training, delivered under the Programme on Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis (PIAR) and spearheaded by the Public Investment Management Centre of Excellence (PIM CoE) at Makerere University, sought to bridge long-standing capacity gaps in the preparation, appraisal, and review of public sector projects.
The event was officially closed by Dr. Hennery Ssebukeera, representing the Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury at the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED). Dr. Ssebukeera highlighted that the training was designed in response to a comprehensive needs assessment, which revealed persistent gaps in government officers’ abilities to carry out cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses, and to prepare or assess pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.
“Many government projects have not been properly appraised due to limited internal capacity,” Dr. Ssebukeera stated. “Too often, we rely on external consultants to prepare feasibility studies, yet our officers are not adequately equipped to interrogate or validate those studies.” He expressed confidence that participants now possess practical skills to analyze topics such as risk analysis, financial modelling, discount rates, project finance, and consumer surplus. “You are now in a position to not only prepare but also critically evaluate complex project documentation,” he added.
Ms. Esther Ayebare, Acting Assistant Commissioner in the Public Investment Management Department at MoFPED, acknowledged the participants’ dedication and active engagement. “As the unit that hosts the Development Committee, we are pleased that this training has added critical skills to help you prepare and submit viable public projects,” she said, calling on the participants to be part of building a sustainable pipeline of investment-ready projects.
In his remarks, Dr. John Sseruyange, Manager of the PIM CoE, emphasized that this training is only the beginning. “While we’ve now completed the financial appraisal component, the next step is Economic Appraisal and Stakeholder Analysis—where we evaluate a project’s broader impact on society and the economy,” he said. He also extended appreciation to the Government of Uganda, particularly MoFPED, for funding the training, as well as to Ms. Esther Ayebare and other facilitators for their unwavering commitment.
Prof. Eria Hisali, who represented the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences, praised the participants for navigating what would typically be a semester-long course within just two weeks. “This is a practical, work-oriented training. The knowledge you’ve gained here should be applicable immediately,” he said. He further invited the graduates to attend the upcoming Public Investment Management Conference in August 2025 to share their experiences and provide feedback.
Participants also expressed their gratitude. One quoted the Quran, saying, “Whoever gives you knowledge has given you everything,” in appreciation of the facilitators and the opportunity to learn.
The PIAR program, jointly implemented by Makerere University, MoFPED, the National Planning Authority (NPA), and Cambridge Resources International (CRI), includes two modules: the just-completed Financial Appraisal and Risk Analysis, and the upcoming Economic Appraisal and Stakeholder Analysis. As Uganda continues to push for better value from public investments, trainings like this are building a critical mass of experts who will ensure that every shilling invested delivers real impact.
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