Humanities & Social Sciences
Mak Celebrates the International Mother Language Day: Families, Language Experts & Policy Makers Called to Harness & Promote African Languages
Makerere University through the Department of African Languages, School of Languages, Literature and Communication on 21st February 2024 joined the rest of the world to celebrate the International Mother Language Day. This day is observed every year to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
The celebrations started with the official opening of the Sir Edward Muteesa II Museum at Makerere University in the morning. Sir Edward Muteesa II was the 35th Kabaka of Buganda and the first President of the Republic of Uganda, and an alumnus of Makerere University. Sir Edward Muteesa II Museum is located at Makerere University, Quarry Road, Plot 95. This site was the on- campus private residence of Sir Edward Muteesa II when he was a student of Literature at Makerere from 1943 to 1945.
The International Mothers Language Day ceremony was held in the afternoon on the major theme, “Different Languages, One People: Celebrating and Harnessing Uganda’s Linguistic and Cultural Diversity,” while the days’ Sub-theme was, “Harnessing Cultural Diversity for Social and Economic Development”
The inauguration of the Museum and the celebrations to mark the International Mother Language Day were presided over by the Kabaka of Buganda represented by the Nnaalinnya – Agnes Nabaloga at the Yusuf Lule Auditorium. Nnaalinnya was accompanied by the Katikkiro Owek. Charles Peter Mayiga. The Vice Chancellor, Makerere University Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Ministers and the royal family members from Buganda Kingdom, Members of University Council and top Management, Principals, Deans and Heads of department, Students’ leaders and the Nkoba Zamboggo Students’ Association and the academic fraternity graced the occasion.
Multilingual Education is a pillar for Inter- Generational Learning, says the Kabaka
While delivering Kabaka’s message, Nnaalinnya hailed the School of Languages, Literature and Communication for collaboratively organising the 2024 celebration with the Nkoba Zamboggo Students Association.
As custodians of culture that cherishes and endeavors to protect and develop its own mother language (Luganda), Nnaalinnya thanked the nation of Bangladesh which initiated the idea of celebrating mother languages at the international level. This idea she reported, was embraced and promoted by UNESCO in 1999 and, has been celebrated since then.
In line with the theme of the conference, Nnaalinya said, multilingual education is a pillar for inter- generational learning which rhymes appropriately with country’s pillars, contexts and environment which is multicultural and multilingual.
Nnaalinnya also applauded the chosen theme, “Different Languages, One people: Celebrating and Harnessing Uganda’s Linguistic and Cultural Diversity” which brought the celebration of the day closer to home.
“The two themes are worth celebrating with the pomp and seriousness they deserve. Even more importantly, am very encouraged to know that youth represented by Makerere University Nkoba Zamboggo Students Association have played an active part in the organisation of the event.” She said.
She noted that such participation of the youth guarantees the promotion, protection and promotion mother languages for the preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge and cultures in a sustainable manner.
She also noted with joy that, this year’s celebration coincides with the commemoration of the Nkoba Zamboggo 34 years of existence and activity which was active in the difficult years of the 1960s.
Prioritise your mother languages and learn other languages –The Katikkiro of Buganda
The Katikkiro of Buganda Charles Peter Mayiga advised on the need to prioritise mother tongues and to learn other languages.
Mayiga said, learning a language is resourceful and that while prioritising own mother tongue, it is important to learn other languages.
“To promote mother languages is to acknowledged diversity. Our diverse heritage should be seen as the foundation of the modern African states. Every time we neglect or relegate our mother tongues, we inadvertently ignore the similarities of our different nationalities.” He said.
The Katikkiro expressed the need to acknowledge similarities to help build consensus noting that ,consensus is the true and genuine source of national unity.
He commended the university administration for restoring the former residence of Ssekabaka Edward Mutesa II and for turning it into a museum.
“A people that ignore their history can learn nothing from their experiences and that is one of the sources of constant turbulence in the world”, He said.
Makerere can only be stronger if Traditions, Culture and Heritage are Embraced – Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe
The Vice Chancellor Makerere University Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe stressed that Makerere can only be stronger if all embrace traditions, culture and heritage.
Nawangwe said the university was honored to host two important celebrations namely, the opening of the Muteesa II Museum at Makerere and hosting the international mother languages day.
“This is a historic event in our university. Kabaka Muteesa was a student at Makerere University when he was already king and that alone, is a such a big honor for us and, we must indeed be proud of that. That is why we have honoured his legacy by making the house where he stayed a museum.
“That museum is invaluable for all of us in Uganda and, I invite all Ugandans and visitors to come and witness the history of our first president of this country and one of the leaders in the struggle for independence”. The Vice Chancellor emphasised.
The Vice Chancellor appreciated the Buganda Kingdom for gracing the occasion when the university is celebrating the World’s Mother Language Day.
“There could not have been a better choice than inviting one of the cultural leaders in this country to officiate at this event and, I want to congratulate you Principal, Dean and Head of department for that vision of putting events properly in context”. Prof. Nawangwe appreciated.
The Vice Chancellor said he had picked a number of lessons from the various speakers and challenged to write his memoirs when he retires in Lugwe, then have it translated in English by others.
“But we are privileged this morning to have these important visitors to honour these two events at Makerere University, please send our highest regards to His Royal Highness the Kabaka”, Nawangwe said.
The Principal College of Humanities and Social Sciences Prof. Josephine Ahikire expressed the need for Ugandans to value their mother tongues on grounds that the African culture had the power to correct men and women adding that, there is so much to learn and put in practice.
Prof. Ahikire also noted that language is needed as a powerful instrument of connection, and teaching one another with respect that expresses our political and social state of humanness.
The Principal applauded the Buganda kingdom for the initiatives that have deepen knowledge in culture among students and staff.
Language experts called to translate, write and publish in mother tongues
In his Keynote address on the Linguistic and Cultural Landscape of Uganda Prof. Manuel Muranga said, all human beings are potentially at their most effective, their most creative, their most comfortable when using their mother tongue or first language.
“The language one spoke as an infant and grew up in, matters. It is possible to learn to write in a dominant language in one’s neighbourhood, rather than writing in one’s own, but to learn to speak that language in lieu of one’s own involves a painful death to self, a sort of denial of one’s linguistic identity”. Muranga stated.
Because of the strength of inspiration and the energy of creativity that comes from this relationship to one’s mother tongue or first language, Prof. Muranga called on language experts to start writing and publishing in their mother languages.
To harness linguistic diversity, Muranga challenged language experts and educational institutions to have as many books as possible produced in the mother tongues through direct authorship in those mother tongues and through translation into them.
“We need to say “Yes!” to a phase in our lives of adventure and experiment with our mother tongues. It will get us somewhere. The harnessing of our mother tongues, each one of his or her own, begins right here: at the point where we, especially university dons in language, literature and communication, get a pen and begin to write a letter, a story, a translation or whatever, in the mother tongue”, Prof. Muranga advised.
At the same time, Prof. Muranga also advocated for writing in one’s mother tongue on the linguistically standardised foundations of orthography that should be encouraged and even deliberately cultivated by cultural leaders and educationists. These he said, would entail sms’s and WhatApp messages, email and other types of letters, poems, short stories, long stories, biographies and autobiographies); novels, plays, newspaper articles, sermons etc. in good, interesting language.
Muranga also advocated for the use and promotion of mother languages in families especially the young, upper class and in some cases middle class, urban families, and from educated ethnically mixed marriages, whose first and strongest language is our Ugandan English.
“But we should also have textbook writers in all the academic disciplines writing in the mother tongue: Chemistry, Biology, Physics, History, Geography, Economics, Law etc. in the mother tongue. We need M.A.s and Ph.D.s that consist in the main in the production of, for example, a modern Biology or Mathematics textbook in Luganda, Lugbarati or Lukonzo through translation”. The professor stressed adding that:
“When I was in S.2 we had a textbook of Chemistry by an author called Atkinson; it was, of course, in English. I never understood the concept of valence and even today I don’t understand it. Can someone explain it to me in simple English or, preferably, in Rukiga or Luganda? A person doing an M.A. in translation would explain to us what valence is and would propose a viable, or at least debate-provoking rendering for it in his or her mother tongue.
That kind of work, should be happening in our universities. An interdisciplinary M.A. and M.Sc. in Translation would produce for us disseminators of knowledge and tools for the implementation of a tri-lingual (Mother Tongue, English and Swahili in that order) education policy which I advocate for”. Muranga stated.
Benefits from linguistic and cultural diversity
Speaking on Advantages of linguistic and cultural diversity prof. Muranga noted that the entire world’s fabric is diversity. Diversity according to the professor, is part and parcel of nature’s design, just as there are no two people who are 100% alike even when they are identical twins, so each human being has his or her own way of speaking, his or her idiolect.
He explained that multilingualism in Uganda and worldwide can, if positively embraced, lead to a language and language-based cultural industry being built around, for example, each single one of the 65 languages of Uganda and the 2080 or so languages of Africa. If this has happened in Europe, Prof. Muranga argued, then it can also happen in Africa- but it takes conviction and linguistic patriotism on the part of the speakers of these languages. If such patriotism is absent, those languages will die within a few generations of the descendants of the present-day speakers.
Prof. Muranga highlighted some of the advantages of linguistic and cultural diversity as follows:
- Sharing the culture around each of these languages can be great educational fun and can also create jobs. This sharing is, again, primarily the work of translators and interpreters. There were, as of August 2022, approximately 640,000 translators in the world. Interpreters’ statistics are harder to determine but there were in the USA alone in 2023, 52,000 interpreters and translators.
- The freedom to be creative in your mother tongue or first language is something very precious – indeed the entire freedom to access education in the mother tongue from elementary school to university is one of the principles of international justice as propounded by UN and UNESCO. Great poets and writers in general are those who write in their mother tongues (cf. Johann Gottfried Herder’s {1744-1803} essay entitled: “A true poet is one who writes in his own language”.) But it takes practice to be good even at writing in one’s mother tongue. It does not come automatically – and even I at my age I am still learning.
- Those who embrace linguistic and cultural diversity embrace world citizenship, or cosmopolitanism, at the same time; they overcome ethnocentrism. And cosmopolitanism harmonises well with a central Christian doctrine as stated in Galatians 3:28, which suggests that you cannot be a true Christian and at the same time a tribalist or a racist; the two are incompatible.
- Cultural diversity promotes tourism both domestic and interethnic/international, creating opportunities for a healthy enjoyment of positive human life and creative talent in all its variegation as music, dance, drama, poetry, architecture, engineering, indigenous knowledge, etc. Imagine we had an income-generating ethno-historical museum and a cultural centre at the headquarters of each of the 136+ districts of our current Uganda. I would like to urge the parliamentarians to vie for this kind of development.
Disadvantages:
- Linguistic and cultural diversity can be rather costly. Yet if the economy of a multilingual nation is well managed, the income from the diversity can cover the cost, yielding profits and benefits.
- Working through translators and interpreters is not direct conversation face to face and ear to ear. Something gets lost in the process of transfer.
- Some uncouth, ethnocentric minds in a multilingual and multicultural nation might be tempted to exploit linguistic and cultural diversity for secessionist ends, instead of for cosmopolitan ones. But such narrow-minded people are doomed to failure, for even in a family unit of two parents and three children, there can be division and even secession. A monolingual or even culturally homogeneous situation in a country does not guarantee harmony and peace. Look at Somalia; and remember Rwanda.
Language, as a symbol of identity, vehicle for communication, a pillar for social integration, education and development, Dean SLLC
The Dean School of Languages, Literature and Communication Assoc. Prof. Saudah Namyalo explained that the International Mother Language Day is a worldwide annual observance held on 21st February to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity which exists in many communities.
The day was first announced by UNESCO on 17 November 1999, and it was formally recognized by the United Nations General Assembly with the adoption of UN resolution in 2002. The International Mother Language Day is part of a broader initiative “to promote the preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world”.
Although languages,are a symbol of our identity, a vehicle for communication and a pillar for social integration, education and development, Prof. Namyalo observed that due to globalization processes, they are increasingly under threat, or disappearing altogether.
“Every two weeks a language disappears or dies. When a language dies, it takes with it an entire cultural and intellectual heritage. Not only that, we also lose perspectives, ideas, opinions and most importantly, we lose a unique way of being human.Opportunities, traditions, memory, unique modes of thinking and expression which are valuable resources for ensuring a better future also lost. Sadly, close to 45% of the estimated 7000 languages spoken in the world are endangered, threatened or near extinction. Only a few hundred languages have genuinely been given a place in education systems and the public domain, and less than a hundred are used in the digital world.” Prof. Namyalo observed.
Namyalo called on participants to reflect, understand and appreciate that although Ugandans are diverse in terms of the languages and cultures they possess, they are one.
She explained that Africa’s divisive seed was planted with the advent of colonialism and the Berlin Conference that gave Africa its modern states. The artificial borders and the dirty politics that ensued according to the professor, made people think that they are different.
The present ethnic emblems according to Dean Namyalo, are more of geographical markers than distinct cultural entities. For instance, she said, one is a Musongora because they come from Busongora.
“Today, we recognize over 50 ethnic groups, but we need to be political about this and invest in our history in order to cement our rootedness and recognise the bonds that hold us together. Unless we understand the importance, of unity in diversity and stop giving lip service to multiculturalism we shall continue to see new kingdoms and ethnic groups emerging”, Dean Namyalo warned.
Just from our myths, Prof. Namyalo highlighted that the Baganda are related to the Bagisu, and the Bagisu are related to the Basamia, Banyole, and the entire Luhya community in Eastern Kenya. Their language intelligibility attests to this. The Bagisu are linguistically and culturally related to the Bakonzo, who are related to the mountainous Bakiga. The Bakonzo are 1 million people in Uganda, while their kin are over 6 million in Eastern DRC called the Bayira (this is just one example of the colonial border problems).
The kin of the Bamasaba: The Baganda (Via the myth of Kintu/Kuntu) are linked to the Banyoro, the Banyoro are connected to the Batooro and Banyankole- Bakiga, and Banyarwanda because they all belong to the Kitara empire and their cattle keeping and agricultural practices demonstrate this. When Kitara disintegrated with the fall of the Bacwezi, the Biito Luos took over. There is a close linkage between the Luos and the Banyoro, especially, the ruling families in Bunyoro, Tooro, Buganda, Busoga, and Ankole are all of Luo origin. The Luos are cousins to the West Nilers, who have a close affinity to the Lango. The Lango are Luo in terms of language but, genetically and culturally, are linked to Itesots, Karamojongs, Masai, and Turkana.
Makerere to start teaching Advanced Lusoga, Ateso and other languages – Head Dept. of African Languages
The Conference Convener and Head of Department of African Languages Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe explained that department was established in 2012, having been part of the then Institute of Languages, which had also been part of the Department of Languages. At present, five degree subjects at undergraduate level namely; Luganda Advanced, Kiswahili Advanced, Kiswahili Beginners, Runyakitara Advanced and Luo Advanced are offered.
“We have proposed to start teaching Lusoga Advanced and Ateso Advanced. We believe these will be part of the subjects in the next admission in August 2024, as BA Arts is in the final stages of re-accreditation. The syllabus for Lugbarati Advanced is also in the final stages of development. Our mission is to ensure that all local languages taught at the secondary level in Uganda are also taught at the department”, Dr. Gumoshabe said
At the masters level, Dr. Gomushabe said , they have MA in African Languages. During the revision period, it was agreed to re-introduce MA in Luganda, MA in Kiswahili and MA in Runyakitara and to continue to develop indigenous languages as capacity is built. The department also offers PhD in African Languages by Research.
Dr. Gomushabe appreciated the persons who spearheaded the teaching of local languages especially Prof. Livingstone Walusimbi (RIP), Prof. Kasalina Matovu (RIP), Prof. Ruth Mukama, Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire, Prof. Manuel Muranga, Mrs. Shirley Byakutaga, Prof. Edith Natukunda and Ms. Jane Alowo.
At the level of staffing, the head reported that the department has 9 PhDs, and 5 registered PhD members of staff with one at the Associate Professor level. The students offering the subjects in African Languages are doing BA Arts, BA with education, BA Social Sciences. The department also service programs in the Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Computing and Information Sciences and Education and External Studies.
The Aim of the conference
Gumoshabe said the aim of the conference is to motivate discussion between national scholars and stakeholders of language and culture in Uganda and beyond.
“It is on this day that we celebrate cultural diversity and appreciate the sweetness in our mother tongue through cultural entertainment of different forms, presentations and discussions. It is through our mother tongue that we can preserve our cultural heritage. This is a God-given gift that we should never lose”, he said
Mother language according the convener, is a natural heritage and a foundation of identity. He stressed that what is important is to embrace unity in diversity by respecting and promoting diverse languages as they are in the motherland Uganda and this will enable document indigenous knowledge systems to supplement what is got from other countries.
Even in the face of development, civilization and modernization, Gumoshabe stated that mother languages should never be forgotten on reason that , there is no country on record that has developed using a foreign language.
“All countries that have developed have started by indigenizing knowledge and a foreign language has supplemented their efforts. This applies to both populous and less populous countries”, Dr. Gumoshabe asserted,
Gumoshabe cited Iceland with a population of 399,189 as of January 2024 that uses the Icelandic language as their official language. Since it has a small population, they would have used one of the European languages but they opt to use their indigenous language and their GDP per capita is $69,833.
He argued that, now that English is here to stay, all efforts should be put into developing mother languages and being multilingual. He added that, knowing four languages significantly increases chances of success in adulthood.
Dr. Gumoshabe extended gratitude to the college leadership for the tremendous support given for the success of this conference.
Gumoshabe thanked Keynote speakers, Prof. Manuel Muranga and Mr. Richard Nzogi and the panelists, for accepting for honoring the invitation and sharing their expertise and experiences..He also appreciated the Organizing Committee for this Conference headed by Dr Fridah Katushemererwe together with the different student associations especially Nkobazamboggo spearheaded by Mr Adrian Lubyayi, for tireless efforts in making this day colourful.
Finally, the convener thanked the Centre for Languages and Communication Services, the Principal, College of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Vice Chancellor, for the financial support that has made this day successful.
Humanities & Social Sciences
College of Humanities and Social Sciences Launches Five Groundbreaking Publications
The College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) on 11th December 2025 celebrated the launch of five scholarly books, marking a significant milestone in the College’s contribution to academic research and discourse. The event brought together faculty, students, and distinguished guests, highlighting the College’s commitment to advancing knowledge, preserving institutional memory, and fostering innovative scholarship.
Advancing Knowledge: Recognizing Authors and Promoting Research Excellence
Representing the Vice Chancellor and Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), Acting (Ag.) Deputy Vice Chancellor for Finance and Administration, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta, commended CHUSS on the launch of its five scholarly publications. He highlighted the significance of these works in advancing research, preserving institutional memory, and enriching student-centered teaching. Prof. Ireeta acknowledged the support of the Mellon Foundation under the Center of Excellence for Research, Teaching, and Learning (CERTL), as well as the contributions of the College’s faculty, research teams, and support staff. He emphasized that these publications not only strengthen the College’s academic profile but also foster critical thinking, informed debate, and national and international engagement, offering valuable resources for both scholars and the wider community.
Prof. Robert Wamala, Director of the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships (DRIP), praised the CHUSS for the launch of five scholarly publications, emphasizing the dedication, intellectual rigor, and perseverance of the authors. He highlighted that these works—three books and a journal—demonstrate the critical role of the humanities and social sciences in shaping national development, informing public debate, and contributing to global discourse. Prof. Wamala commended the College for fostering a research environment that supports capacity building, collaborative networks, and high publishing standards, noting that the publications document African realities, preserve institutional memory, and provide knowledge that resonates locally and internationally. He encouraged continued scholarly collaboration, underscoring the university’s commitment to strengthening research governance and advancing its agenda as a leading center for African scholarship.
Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala, Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, warmly welcomed all attendees to the book launch, emphasizing the college’s pivotal role as the intellectual bridge connecting all other faculties at Makerere University. She acknowledged the presence and contributions of publishers, editors, management, and authors, noting that the success of such scholarly works relies on collaborative support across the University. Prof. Nkabala celebrated the dedication of homegrown talent, highlighting the importance of nurturing research, writing, and publication within the college. She also shared exciting updates on the establishment of the Office of Grants, Research Resource Mobilization, and Graduate Training, underscoring the college’s commitment to structured leadership, research excellence, and capacity building.
Celebrating Excellence: Contributions from University and Partner Publishers
Dr. William Tayeebwa, Head of Makerere University Press, celebrated a landmark day for the institution, highlighting the Press’s remarkable productivity and impact. He reflected on the recent launches, including Reinventing Uganda and Memory and Method for Material, and noted the impressive volume of over 15 publications released this year alone. Dr. Tayeebwa emphasized the Press’s commitment not only to publishing new works but also to republishing significant titles that have sold out globally, ensuring continued access to vital scholarship. A particular highlight was the revival of the Makerere Journal of Languages, Literature and Communication, which had not seen a publication since 1991; archival issues dating back to 1975 are now being digitized and made accessible online. He also stressed ongoing efforts to enhance the international visibility of the University’s journals through indexing and quality standards, underscoring the Press’s role in strengthening academic scholarship and advancing Makerere University’s global reach.
Speaking on behalf of Fountain Publishers, Mr. Tom Tibaijuka highlighted the long-standing partnership between the publishing house and Makerere University, noting the collaborative efforts that have helped nurture local scholarship. He emphasized that, despite the commercial nature of Fountain Publishers, their mission extends beyond profit to supporting scholarly contributions that enrich society. Mr. Tibaijuka praised the recently launched book, which features 12 chapters and 11 contributors, commending both the authors and the editorial team for their dedication in harmonizing such a complex manuscript. He noted the book’s alignment with the new competency-based curriculum promoted by the National Curriculum Development Authority, emphasizing its relevance in fostering critical thinking, innovation, and problem-solving skills in education. He concluded by congratulating all involved and encouraging educators and stakeholders to engage with the publication as a valuable resource for navigating contemporary educational challenges.
Prof. Rev. Sr. Dominica Dipio, representing the African Humanities Series Publisher, provided an overview of the series’ evolution and its impact on the continent’s humanities scholarship. She explained that the series began in 2014 as part of the African Humanities Program, initially supporting doctoral completion, before shifting focus to early-career mentorship to cultivate a new generation of humanities scholars. Over the past 15 years, the program has benefitted over 500 fellows across Uganda, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, and Tanzania, nurturing research and publications that address a wide range of humanities and social sciences disciplines, including philosophy, literature, languages, sociology, politics, and culture. Prof. Dipio emphasized that the series combines the experience of senior scholars with emerging voices, producing accessible, globally relevant work. She also highlighted an upcoming fellowship program designed to support early-career researchers for up to ten years, encouraging increased participation from Uganda to ensure broader engagement in the continent-wide initiative. The book being launched, she noted, exemplifies the series’ commitment to engaging, applied humanities that speak to everyday societal challenges, demonstrating the relevance and reach of African scholarship.
Championing African Scholarship and Knowledge Production
Prof. Josephine Ahikire, Principal Emeritus of CHUSS and Project Principal Investigator (PI) for Mellon Projects at Makerere University, emphasized the transformative role of the College’s publications in shaping African scholarship. She highlighted that these edited books and journals go beyond traditional metrics of academic recognition, creating vibrant scholarly communities where ideas are shared, debated, and collaboratively developed. Prof. Ahikire noted the importance of centering African-generated knowledge, reclaiming histories, and exploring underrepresented topics such as the social and cultural dimensions of motherhood. She applauded the project teams for their dedication and collaboration, describing the 2025 book launches as the beginning of a broader effort to document and disseminate African perspectives, ensuring that the continent’s intellectual contributions are recognized, celebrated, and preserved for future generations.
Prof. Andrew Elias, Director of the Centre of Excellence in Research, Teaching and Learning (CERTL), highlighted the critical relevance of the book Reclaiming Learning: Struggles and Innovations in Higher Education, noting that it arrives at a pivotal moment for Ugandan universities. He emphasized that growing enrollment, limited resources, and structural challenges—including large class sizes, inadequate facilities, and unequal access to online learning—have impacted the quality of education. The book, he noted, not only validates these shared experiences but also showcases innovative practices by Ugandan lecturers, from contextualized teaching methods to active learning strategies and the use of indigenous knowledge. Prof. Elias underscored that meaningful educational change requires institutional support, inclusive policies, and professional development, reminding stakeholders that effective pedagogy is a shared responsibility. The volume, he concluded, serves as both a practical guide and an inspiration for educators, policymakers, and institutions seeking to place students at the center of learning while promoting justice, inclusion, and human dignity in higher education.
The Five Publications and Their Impact
Reclaiming Learning: Pedagogical Struggles and Innovations in Higher Education in Uganda (Prof. Andrew Ellias State et al.) explores student-centred teaching and innovative approaches in African higher education, supported by the Mellon Foundation through CERTL.
Reading Archives, Memory and Method from Makerere University (Assoc. Prof. Edgar Nabutanyi, Dr. Amon Ashaba Mwiine, Prof. Josephine Ahikire, Dr. Edgar Taylor, Dr. Pamela Khanakwa, and Dr. Levis Mugumya, highlights the importance of archives and memory in shaping scholarship and reclaiming African narratives, funded by the Mellon Foundation’s AMM project.
Living with Others: Ethnic Conflict and Pluralism in Uganda’s Greater Kibaale Region (Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo) examines identity, conflict, and co-existence, offering insights toward social justice and peaceful co-living, supported by the African Humanities Foundation.
The Makerere Historical Journal (Vol. 6, No. 1, 2025) (Deo Katono, Rebecca Glada, Edgar Taylor, and Christopher Muhoozi.) continues the university’s tradition in historical scholarship, nurturing emerging scholars and deepening debates, published by Makerere University Press.
Makerere Journal of Languages, Literature and Communication (Vol. 1, Issue 1) which is the inaugural issue marks a milestone for the School of Languages, Literature and Communication (SLLC), promoting cross-disciplinary dialogue, with support from the Center for Languages and Communication Services and Makerere University Press.
Humanities & Social Sciences
Makerere University Press launches a Groundbreaking Book “Gender, Social Norms and Agency: Perspectives from East Africa,” Sparking a New Era of Collaborative Action for Gender Equality in the Region
By Wilber Tumutegyereize
Kampala, Uganda — In a significant event that fused academia with practical activism, Makerere University Press launched the highly anticipated book “Gender, Social Norms and Agency: Perspectives from East Africa” at the Golf Course Hotel in Kampala. Edited by Professor Paul Bukuluki and Dr. Daphine Agaba Kabagambe. this book represents a crucial contribution to the field of gender studies, focusing on the complex interplay between gender, social norms, and agency across East Africa.
The book’s launch brought together scholars, development practitioners, and activists who are committed to advancing gender equality, social justice, and transformative change in the region. It marks a pivotal moment in the ongoing dialogue around gender, social norms, and how these deeply rooted cultural forces shape the experiences of women, men, and marginalized groups in East Africa.
Mr. Aloysius Nyombi, the Technical Advisor, Social Norms. As a key partner in the creation of the book set the tone for the evening by celebrating the collaborative efforts that brought together a diverse group of researchers and practitioners.
“The launch of this book is a celebration of collaboration,” Nyombi stated. “We are here not just to celebrate an academic achievement, but also to honor the work that’s being done in communities across East Africa. What we are doing on the ground must be documented, and it must be accessible to all.”
Nyombi’s comments highlighted the importance of bridging the gap between research and real-world application, underscoring the value of such academic works for informing policy and driving social change. His emphasis on collaboration between researchers, NGOs, and practitioners reinforced the book’s focus on addressing gender-related issues in a tangible and actionable way.
The Power of Local Expertise:
Dr. Ruth Nsibirano, The Director of the Institute of Gender and Development Studies at Makerere University spoke passionately about the significance of the book in deepening the understanding of gender norms within the East African context. She stressed the need for locally relevant research that reflects the lived experiences of communities.
“This book is not just an academic publication; it is a tool for social change,” Dr. Nsibirano said. “It provides us with a critical lens through which we can examine the norms and practices that continue to shape gender roles in our societies. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for making lasting change.”
Dr. Nsibirano emphasized the importance of the book’s multidisciplinary approach, which brings together academic scholars, field practitioners, and activists to create a well-rounded narrative. Her reflections resonated deeply with the audience, who were united in their shared commitment to gender equality.
A Vision for Collaborative Academia
Professor Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala, the Principal of Makerere University’s College of Humanities and Social Sciences underscored the importance of institutional support and collaboration in academic publishing. Representing the Chief Guest, Professor Sarah Ssali, the First Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs) at Makerere University, Professor Nkabala conveyed her pride in the academic community’s collective effort to produce the book.
“It is an honor to be part of this project, which is a true reflection of the collaborative spirit at Makerere University,” Professor Nkabala said. “This book is a testament to the commitment of our researchers, students, and faculty members who are dedicated to addressing the most pressing social issues of our time.”
Professor Nkabala spoke about the increasing urgency to address issues such as unpaid care work, child marriage, and violence against women, topics that the book explores in depth. She praised the book for its holistic approach, combining theory and practice to offer insights that can be directly applied to social and policy interventions.
“The power of this book lies in its ability to challenge harmful gender norms and provide solutions that can transform societies,” she said.
The book’s co-editors, Dr. Daphine Agaba Kabagambe and Professor Paul Bukuluki, who shared the journey of bringing the book to fruition, expressed their deep commitment to shedding light on the social norms that influence gender behavior in East Africa and how such norms can be transformed for greater gender equality.
Dr. Agaba Kabagambe, a senior lecturer at Makerere University, reflected on the importance of examining how social norms in East Africa influence the lives of women, men, and children. She noted that while much of the discourse around gender focuses on laws and policies, there is still a significant gap in understanding how entrenched norms and cultural practices impact the real-life experiences of individuals.
“We wanted this book to serve as both a scholarly resource and a practical guide for those working to change societal behaviors,” Dr. Agaba Kabagambe explained. “The research inside this book offers a deeper understanding of how gender and social norms shape our world, and it provides us with tools to challenge and change those norms.”
Professor Bukuluki, expanded on the book’s focus on action-oriented research. He noted that while the book provides theoretical insights into gender norms and agency, it also includes valuable contributions from field practitioners working in communities across East Africa. These chapters are crucial for bridging the gap between academia and the grassroots work being done to promote gender equality.
“This book reflects the intersection between theory and practice,” Professor Bukuluki explained. “We wanted to include not only the academic perspective but also the voices of those who are working in the field, dealing with the realities of gender inequality on a daily basis.”
The book is structured around 13 chapters that explore themes such as unpaid care work, the impact of technology on gender roles, and communication about sexuality. These chapters bring together academic theory with practical insights from development practitioners and community leaders across Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and beyond.
The Role of Makerere University Press
Mr. Elvis Lubanga, representing Dr. William Tayebwa, the Chief Managing Editor of Makerere University Press, highlighted the press’s pivotal role in bringing the book to life. Lubanga’s remarks underscored the importance of publishing local research that meets international academic standards while remaining grounded in the realities of East African communities.
“At Makerere University Press, we take pride in producing works that reflect the unique challenges and opportunities of the Global South,” Lubanga said. “This book is not just an academic text; it is an important contribution to the ongoing conversation about gender equality and social transformation.”
Lubanga emphasized the press’s commitment to ensuring that local knowledge and research are accessible to global audiences, while also supporting the work of local scholars. He noted that the book is available both in print and online, making it accessible to readers across East Africa and the wider world.
Dr. Aramanzan Madanda representing Mr. Apolo Gabazira the Country Director of CARE International Uganda, shared the organization’s appreciation for the book, noting how it aligns with CARE’s mission to empower women and girls and address gender-based inequalities in East Africa.
“CARE Uganda has long been committed to addressing the root causes of gender inequality,” Dr. Madanda said. “This book is a crucial tool for organizations like ours, helping us better understand the social norms that perpetuate gender-based violence and other forms of inequality.”
Mr. Yiga Deo, Executive Director of the Impact and Innovation Development Center (IIDC), highlighted the importance of bridging the gap between academic research and community action, emphasizing that sustainable gender equality requires locally informed, innovative approaches. Mr. Deo urged collaboration between universities, civil society, and policymakers to ensure that research informs real-world interventions. He called for a reimagining of development practices that center on culture as a foundation for progress, ensuring that knowledge translates into lasting, transformative change.
Through the launch of “Gender, Social Norms and Agency: Perspectives from East Africa”, Makerere University Press has provided a much-needed resource that will inspire further research, action, and policy reform. The book’s insights will not only enrich the academic community but also inform the work of development practitioners, policymakers, and activists who are striving to create a more just and equal East Africa.
As Dr. Daphine Agaba Kabagambe aptly stated, the book is a “bridge between theory and practice,” and it will undoubtedly be an essential resource for anyone committed to understanding and challenging the social norms that shape gendered behavior across East Africa.
The launch of “Gender, Social Norms and Agency: Perspectives from East Africa” is a landmark moment in the ongoing quest for gender equality and social justice in the region. With contributions from leading scholars, development practitioners, and gender experts, this book provides an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand and transform the gendered social norms that impact millions of lives in East Africa. The collaboration betweenMakerere University Press, scholars, and community-based organizations highlights the importance of a unified effort to address the region’s most pressing gender-related issues.
Through its innovative approach, combining theory and practice, this book promises to be a catalyst for change in the fight for gender equality and social transformation across East Africa.
Humanities & Social Sciences
Hon. Mao Urges African States to Institutionalise Accountability in Governance
By Jane Anyango and Zaam Ssali
Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Hon. Nobert Mao, has urged Uganda and other African countries to adopt governance systems that firmly entrench accountability and civil liberties at all levels of leadership.
Mao made the call on Wednesday while presiding as Chief Guest at the World Philosophy Day celebrations held at Makerere University. The two-day conference, running from 19th–20th November 2025, was organized by the Department of Philosophy in collaboration with the School of Law, UNESCO and the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung under the theme: “30 Years of the 1995 Constitution: Gains, Pitfalls and Prospects.”
The event, hosted in a hybrid format at the Makerere Main Hall, featured academic papers, screenings of Constituent Assembly debates, panel sessions with drafters of the Constitution, creative performances and exhibitions on Uganda’s constitution-making journey.
Mao warned that Africa’s current political systems risk turning leadership terms into ritualistic cycles where leaders serve five-year mandates without meaningful public accountability. He argued that genuine democracy must be tied to transparent governance, citizen oversight and an environment where civil liberties are respected.
“We need to balance accountability and civil liberties with national unity and stability,” Mao said, dismissing claims that demanding civil liberties threatens peace. “That is a false dichotomy. A government can be both accountable and stable.”
He stressed that Ugandans must remain free to speak openly about governance failures, injustices and past atrocities, noting that national healing requires courage to confront uncomfortable truths. He also cautioned political actors against manipulative tribal politics, calling for a shift toward consensual and tolerant political engagement.
Mao challenged universities to take the lead in deepening political discourse, saying academia must dissect complex national issues and guide public understanding. “If there is one place where citizens should discuss even the most contentious subjects, it is a university,” he said, praising Makerere University for fostering open inquiry.
Reflecting on the 30-year journey of the 1995 Constitution, Mao noted that while it remains “an infant,” it has endured significant tests, including violations of land rights and widespread public concerns about inadequate protection of marginalized groups. However, he welcomed the judiciary’s role in striking down unconstitutional provisions in laws such as the Police Act and the UPDF Act.
Looking ahead, Mao emphasized that the real test of Uganda’s constitutionalism will be the country’s ability to achieve a peaceful transition of political power — a milestone he described as crucial for democratic maturity.
He concluded by urging citizens to uphold their civic duty in shaping political culture across Uganda and the continent, saying: “Citizens have an obligation to shape the minds of those who participate in politics.”
VC Hails Makerere’s Historic Role in Shaping Uganda’s Constitutional Journey
Delivering the Vice Chancellor’s message on behalf of Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala said the university was proud to host the commemoration under the timely theme, “30 Years of the 1995 Constitution: Gains, Pitfalls and Prospects.” She emphasised that the gathering provides an essential platform for citizens, scholars and practitioners to interrogate one of the most significant instruments in Uganda’s governance architecture.
Prof. Nkabala conveyed the Vice Chancellor’s appreciation for the interdisciplinary nature of the conference, which brings together academics, constitutional drafters, philosophers, legal scholars, creatives and the general public for collective reflection. She noted that the 1995 Constitution remains central to Uganda’s political, social and economic landscape, and that 30 years on, the country stands at a critical juncture to assess its relevance and durability.
Highlighting Makerere University’s indispensable role in shaping Uganda’s constitutional evolution, she recalled that several of the nation’s most influential constitutional thinkers were Makerere academics. These include Prof. Frederick Ssempebwa, Dr. Dan Mudoola, Prof. Phares Mutibwa, Mwambusya Ndebesa and Prof. James Kigongo, all of whom made direct contributions to the crafting of the 1995 Constitution. Their involvement, she said, reflects the university’s longstanding commitment to national development, political thought and ethical leadership.
According to the Vice Chancellor, Makerere continues to advance constitutional scholarship through teaching and research in human rights, ethics, political philosophy, critical thinking and governance. The School of Law, Prof. Nkabala noted, remains an anchor in nurturing legal minds through robust constitutional law training, shaping professionals who contribute directly to Uganda’s governance processes.
She thanked UNESCO and the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung for supporting the event and for their continued partnership with Makerere in strengthening philosophical inquiry, democratic governance and academic freedom. The Vice Chancellor also commended the organising committee for assembling a rich programme featuring academic papers, screenings of Constituent Assembly debates, exhibitions and reflective performances.
The Constitution is a Document of Life- Prof. Helen Nkabala
Speaking in her own capacity as Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS), Prof. Nkabala praised the Department of Philosophy for sustaining intellectual vibrance within the college. Describing the department as a “beehive,” she noted that it had already hosted three major reflective events this year—each aimed at deepening national dialogue on governance, ethics and social cohesion.
She reaffirmed the value of the humanities in shaping societies, especially at a time when they face diminishing global attention. She said UNESCO and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung had played an invaluable role in elevating philosophical and humanities-based conversations that influence national decision-making.
Referencing Jawaharlal Nehru, Prof. Nkabala reminded participants that a constitution is “a document of life” whose meaning, strength and sanctity must be tested continually through informed debate, societal engagement and scholarly critique.
She argued that reflecting on 30 years of Uganda’s Constitution requires examining both its successes and limitations, acknowledging that age brings opportunities for wisdom but also exposes emerging challenges.
Prof. Nkabala further applauded Makerere management for providing space and institutional support for critical conversations, noting that such platforms ensure that universities remain central to shaping national identity, governance and collective aspirations.
Academics Must Lead Renewal of Uganda’s Constitution Amid Weakening Checks and Balances – Dr. Zahara Nampewo
Delivering remarks on behalf of the Dean of the School of Law, Deputy Dean Dr. Zahara Nampewo emphasized that constitutions are more than legal documents—they are ideological and political texts that rely on the will of the state for enforcement.
“Constitutions are not just legal documents. They are ideological and political texts. And therefore they are only as strong as the will of states to enforce their provisions,” she said.
She observed that Uganda’s Constitution has undergone numerous amendments that have weakened its original balance of power and checks and balances, undermining guarantees such as equality, democracy, social justice, and progress.
“Today, however, it has undergone the surgical knife a number of times with the result that the balance and distribution of power…have in reality been emasculated,” Dr. Nampewo said.
The Deputy Dean urged scholars to use their expertise to strengthen the Constitution and foster a culture of transformative and progressive constitutionalism. “As academia, we have a social function to contribute to its enforcement and strengthening because the past is never past,” she stated.
She also cited historical lessons, referencing George Washington’s caution on constitutional amendments: “Though Congress had the power to amend the Constitution, this was a power that should be used sparingly and only in the clearest of cases.”
Dr. Nampewo concluded with a call for collective action: “Alone, we are fragile, like butterfly wings. But when we flap those wings all together, that’s when we make a storm.”
Philosophical Reflection Central to Evaluating Uganda’s Constitutional Progress – Dr. Dickson Kanakulya
Dr. Dickson Kanakulya, Head of the Department of Philosophy, highlighted the philosophical and jurisprudential roots of constitutionalism, stressing that the 1995 Constitution emerged to address post-colonial challenges such as poor governance, poverty, and weak social cohesion.
“The 1995 Constitution was made purposely to address the challenges Uganda faced…including issues of bad governance, poverty, poor or weak social cohesion among others,” he said.
Dr. Kanakulya traced constitutional ideas to classical philosophy, noting the ongoing debate between Plato, who argued society should be led by virtuous leaders, and Aristotle, who insisted that good laws shape good citizens. “Aristotle observed that good laws make good men. While Plato argued that good men make good laws and good policies,” he explained.
He described the conference as a platform for critical assessment of the Constitution’s 30-year journey. “This conference gives us the opportunity to make a critical assessment of how far we have gone for the last 30 years. Obviously there are gains, there are challenges, there are prospects and we need to take stock of all these,” he said.
Dr. Kanakulya also highlighted the importance of collaboration, praising UNESCO, the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Makerere University leadership, and faculty for supporting the event. “This collaboration between the School of Law, Department of Philosophy and Conrad plus UNESCO is a very welcome growth and development…and we want to thank their generous support, both moral and financial,” he said.
He conveyed the commitment of the School of Liberal and Performing Arts to fostering critical thinking and liberal ideas: “The School of Liberal Performing Arts is committed to shape the minds of men today. We are a liberal school and we allow liberal thinking.”
Constitutional Drafters and Constitutional Assembly Members give context
A Panel Discussion comprised of Prof. Fredrick Ssempebwa, Hon. Hope Mwesigye and Hon. Loice Biira Bwambale provided context to the drafting and promulgation of the 1995 Constitution. Prof. Ssempebwa was a member on the Uganda Constitutional Commission which consulted the population and made proposals for inclusion in the 1995 Constitution. Hon. Mwesigye and Hon. Bwambale were Constitutional Assembly delegates.
In their presentations and plenary discussion, the following issues were highlighted: 1. The 1995 Constitution was good if it had been implemented in letter and spirit 2. the presidency was given a lot of power, however consensus had been reached that checks and balances had been provided to check the power. Unfortunately, Parliament which was entrusted with an oversight role to implement the checks and balances has not delivered; 3. Whatever is included in a constitution to entrench it, the leadership in government and their values determine whether it works or not; 4. The general population including members of Parliament have not read the constitution, all this arising from poor civic education; 5. The Electoral Commission and Human Rights Commission were tasked to handle Civic Education of the population, this hasn’t been done; 6. Political goodwill from the lowest levels of government is lacking. Goodwill of government determines whether a constitution remains intact without unnecessary amendments. 7. Academia and research institutions should provide critique when things aren’t right.
The World Philosophy Day conference continued over the next days with panel discussions, academic papers, and exhibitions aimed at deepening understanding of Uganda’s constitutional framework and inspiring dialogue on ethical leadership, governance, and societal transformation.
Jane Anyango and Zaam Ssali are Communication Officers for CHUSS & School of Law respectively.
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