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Mak-CAES Holds 2nd International GORILLA Conference

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The International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods Under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA) seeks to contribute to the realization of the Global Development Agenda 2030 and the AU Agenda 2063.

Overview

The resilience of ecological and social systems has gained heightened attention globally and are at the center of the United Nations Global Development Agenda 2030 manifesting in; (a) the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets, (b) the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015-2030 with its four priorities and 7 targets, (c) the Paris Agreement geared at keeping temperature within the 1.5 º-2 ºC threshold.

The Chair of the Organizing Committee, also Deputy Principal CAES, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze welcomes participants to the conference.
The Chair of the Organizing Committee, also Deputy Principal CAES, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze welcomes participants to the conference.

Substantial efforts by the global community have been variously invested in resilience building and sustainable systems in light of multiple exposures and threats. But huge gaps and challenges still remain that compromise realizing the desired goals. The effects of the global financial crisis, existing geo-political tensions and the emergence of COVID19 altered the resilience trajectory with new dimensions in health, natural resources and poverty. Moreover, recent events exemplified by record temperatures registered in several countries but most notably in the UK, the increasing frequency and magnitude of hydrometeorological hazards as witnessed in Uganda, the increasing loss of biodiversity (>1,000,000 species lost) as recently reported by Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have heightened the need for urgent interventions that protect vulnerable societies. A consequence of these processes coupled with other factors including but not limited to land use and land cover conversions, rapid urbanization, is that mixed progress has been registered in realizing the sustainability targets for 2030 (https://sdg-tracker.org) with Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries posting dismal progress. Uganda currently ranks 136/163 in SDG performance with an SDG Index Score of 53.5 (https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/uganda). Contextual knowledge creation and utility coupled with harnessing evolving and emerging technology are critical ingredients in building sustainable and resilience pathways and systems which the Global Sustainability Agenda aspired to achieve.

The Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Hon. Dr. Monica Musenero Masanza addressing participants.
The Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Hon. Dr. Monica Musenero Masanza addressing participants.

The 2nd GORILLA Conference

The 2ndGORILLA Conference organized by the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, and the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) sought to make a contribution to the realization of the Global Development Agenda 2030 and the AU Agenda 2063 by addressing two fundamental questions; (1) “how science, research and the academia can contribute to the expedited achievement of global targets and resolve societal challenges? (2) how local, regional and international partnerships as well as interactions between science, policy and practice can enhance the delivery and achievement of the global development targets?

Participants follow the proceedings of the conference.
Participants follow the proceedings of the conference.

The conference held on 8th-9th December 2022 at Protea Hotel in Kampala was coordinated by Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze, Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Climatic Sciences, also Deputy Principal, CAES (Chair), and Dr Jerome S. Lugumira, Natural Resources Manager (Soil and Land Use), NEMA (Co-Chair). Sponsored by UNESCO, Biodiversity Foundation, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, NORAD, UK Research and Innovation, BRAC Uganda, ARUA Water Centre of Excellence (CoE), and the Regional Centre for Mapping Resources for Development (RCMRD), the conference was attended by eminent scholars, researchers, representatives from the government and civil society organizations, and policy makers.It was presided over by the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Hon. Dr. Monica Musenero Masanza, and graced by the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University represented by the Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Finance and Administration, Prof. Henry Alinaitwe; the representative of the Executive Director, NEMA, Dr Daniel Babikwa; the Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga; and the Dean, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Prof. Fred Babweteera.

Makerere University Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Finance and Administration, Prof. Henry Alinaitwe represented the Vice Chancellor at the Conference.
Makerere University Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Finance and Administration, Prof. Henry Alinaitwe represented the Vice Chancellor at the Conference.

The conference featured a number of keynote speeches and presentations in relation to nature-based systems in mitigating Hydro-Meteorological hazards and disasters; climate smart agriculture for sustainable resilience; land degradation; migration and displacement; water management; biogeography, biodiversity and ecosystem conservation; and the future of smart cities and urban systems in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga delivering her remarks.
The Principal of CAES, Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga delivering her remarks.

Keynote addresses

Prof. Tonny J. Oyana, Principal College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS), Makerere University, also GIS and Spatial Analysis expert shared insights on optimizing biodiversity data science for societal benefits in developing countries. Dr Joy Obando, an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography at Kenyatta University delivered a presentation on building climate resilient communities and ecosystems in Sub Saharan Africa, whereas Dr Justine Namaalwa, an Associate Professor and Head, Department of Environmental Management at Makerere University addressed participants on the significance of optimizing green assets as a pathway to achieving the global development agenda. In her remarks, Prof. Namaalwa emphasized the need to preserve nature.

Participants attending the conference at Protea Hotel, Kampala on 8th December 2022.
Participants attending the conference at Protea Hotel, Kampala on 8th December 2022.

“Compromise nature then you fall on the targets of the Global Development Agenda.There is need to take stock of our natural assets and reflect on their value. If we are to continue with the mantra of no one should be left behind, there should be national ownership over the development process. We also need to adopt informal and formal knowledge systems,and embrace citizen science as well as global partnerships,” she explained.

The Conference Conveners, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (C) and Dr Lugumira Jerome (2nd L) with some of the keynote speakers, Prof. Tonny Oyana (2nd R), Dr Joy Obando (R), and Prof. Jan Ketil.
The Conference Conveners, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze (C) and Dr Lugumira Jerome (2nd L) with some of the keynote speakers, Prof. Tonny Oyana (2nd R), Dr Joy Obando (R), and Prof. Jan Ketil.

Prof. Jan Ketil from the Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) briefed participants on the geography of disaster risk and participatory risk management, sharing insights on harnessing sensors and geospatial technology for disaster risk management. Dr Samuel Partey from UNESCO Regional Office in Nairobi, Kenya highlighted the significance of biosphere reserves in building resilient ecosystems and societies. Dr Partey is the youth focal person for science, and the evaluation focal point for UNESCO’S Oversight Unit at the Office in Nairobi.

Prof. Tonny Oyana delivered a keynote address on optimizing biodiversity data science for societal benefits in developing countries.
Prof. Tonny Oyana delivered a keynote address on optimizing biodiversity data science for societal benefits in developing countries.

In his presentation, Prof. Heiko Baltzer from the University of Leicester, UK called for improved satellite earth observation as a measure to strengthen forest governance and livelihood resilience in Africa.

Dr. Joy Obando delivered a presentation on building climate resilient communities and ecosystems in Sub Saharan Africa.
Dr. Joy Obando delivered a presentation on building climate resilient communities and ecosystems in Sub Saharan Africa.

Panel discussion

The conference also featured a panel discussion on a number of topical issues in regard to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); research and policy formulation; building resilient communities;prioritization of resilience in government planning and budgeting;factors undermining innovativeness; and the use of geoinformation in the quest to achieve sustainable development. Discussants included Hon. Dr. Magolo John Faith, Member of Parliament Bungokho County North and member of the Parliamentary Committee on Climate Change; Mr. Othieno Odoi, Senior Planner, Trade and Tourism at the National Planning Authority; Ms. Celia Nalwadda, Senior Research Officer, Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS); Ms. Hellen Aketch, Project Manager BRAC Uganda; and Dr Anastasia Wahome, Lead, Science/Data at the Regional Centre for Mapping Resources for Development, Nairobi.

Prof. Samuel Kyamanywa (Left) together with other participants listening to the keynote speeches.
Prof. Samuel Kyamanywa (Left) together with other participants listening to the keynote speeches.

In his submission,Hon. Magolo informed participants that Parliament had passed the National Environment Act, 2019and the National Climate Change Act, 2021 to fast track the implementation of SDG 13 (Climate Action). Brac Project Manager, Ms. Hellen Aketch called for strengthened partnerships between universities and industry for increased uptake of research and sustainability of innovations. Ms. Anastasia Wahome emphasized the importance of geoinformation in disaster planning and management, whereas Dr Othieno Odoi from National Planning Authority noted that checks had been put in place to ensure issues regarding resilience, climate change, gender, and environment are catered for before government plans and budgets are passed. The discussion was moderated by Dr Patrick Byakagaba, a Lecturer in the Department of Environmental Management, CAES, Makerere University.

Prof. Justine Namaalwa addressing participants on the need to optimise green assets as pathways to achieving the global development goals.
Prof. Justine Namaalwa addressing participants on the need to optimise green assets as pathways to achieving the global development goals.

Remarks by the Minister – Hon. Dr. Monica Musenero Masanza

In her remarks, the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Hon. Dr. Monica Musenero Masanza urged Africans to embrace technology development as a measure to foster socio-economic transformation on the Continent. “Science contributes 50% to our national development. However, we haven’t done much to embrace technology development. We are blindly technology consumers, mainly relying on imports which makes it hard for us to achieve sustainable development. Africans should stop delegating thinking and work towards developing their own technology. We need to stop thinking of ourselves as consumers of technology and work on educating a thinking generation that can develop our own technology. Universities have done well but I encourage them to change their mindset and focus more on developing technology. We cannot afford as a country, in this new dispensation of green energy economies, post COVID19, and the future as envisioned in Vision 2040, to remain dependent on imported technology. We need to be more innovative,” she advised.

Dr. Samuel Partey briefed participants on the role of biosphere reserves in building resilient ecosystems and societies.
Dr. Samuel Partey briefed participants on the role of biosphere reserves in building resilient ecosystems and societies.

In line with the conference, the Minister emphasized the importance of geospatial tools in conserving ecosystems. Highlighting the significance of geography in developing the mobility industry, the Minister called for development of newer construction technologies. “The continued use of soil and stones in construction will lead to deformation of the ecology,” she noted.

Prof. Jan Ketil delivering his keynote address.
Prof. Jan Ketil delivering his keynote address.

Addressing participants, the Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Finance and Administration, Prof. Henry Alinaitwe decried the continued depletion of ecosystems.“Climate change resulting from the continued destruction of ecosystems has led to erratic weather conditions with severe consequences for humanity. Because of erratic weather conditions, we cannot have good produces in terms of food and we are likely to have long spells of hunger. Achieving resilient and sustainable livelihoods requires continued research and invention of technologies to address challenges of climate change. It is gratifying that this conference seeks to address many of these challenges,” he noted.

Prof. Fred Babweteera moderated Day 2 keynote presentations.
Prof. Fred Babweteera moderated Day 2 keynote presentations.

The Principal, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga reiterated the need to build resilient communities and ecosystems for improved livelihoods. “Through research, we are looking for ways of improving community resilience in order to have sustainable ecosystems for improved livelihoods. This conference serves as a platform for us to share experiences in the different ecosystem research areas and best practices in trying to curb climate change. Climate change is real and a lot has to be done. We need to re-adjust the way we do things. There are practices we have come up with in relation to our day to day activities like water conservation and soil management that will help us combat some of the hazards resulting from climate change, and at this conference, we are focusing on climate smart agriculture. As a country, we purpose to move from substance climate smart agriculture to an income-oriented climate smart agriculture,” she said.The Principal also noted that the College was committing more efforts towards achieving the sustainable development goals. “As a country, we committed to having an input to achieving the SDGs.At this conference, we are emphasizing our intention and being very proactive in ensuring that we tackle the SDGs, putting it in mind that we have only 8 years to hit our target.As researchers, we are purposing to make contribution to the realization of all SDGs, with special focus on Goal 1 that seeks to alleviate poverty.”

Dr. Magolo John Faith (L), Mr. Othieno Odoi (2nd R), Ms. Celia Nalwadda (C), Ms. Hellen Aketch (R), and Dr Anastasia Wahome (2nd L) in a panel discussion at the conference.
Dr. Magolo John Faith (L), Mr. Othieno Odoi (2nd R), Ms. Celia Nalwadda (C), Ms. Hellen Aketch (R), and Dr Anastasia Wahome (2nd L) in a panel discussion at the conference.

Addressing participants, the Chair of the Organizing Committee, Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze said the conference presented a great opportunity for conceptual, empirical and theoretical discourse on pressing sustainability and resilience issues. “The GORILLA conference serves as a platform for bridging the science-policy-practice gaps and deriving actionable and policy-oriented measures that can potentially transform societies,” he noted. He said a special publication had been planned with the African Geographical Review (AGR) journal in commemoration of Mak@100. He expressed gratitude to the sponsors of the conference and the local organizing committee.

Dr. Giregon Olupot reacting to the presentations.
Dr. Giregon Olupot reacting to the presentations.

Delivering his remarks, the Head, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Prof. Mugagga Frank appreciated the sponsors of the conference and the participants for committing time and resources to address issues crucial for sustainable management of ecosystems and livelihoods. He also appreciated the International Geographical Union (IGU) for its support towards the Uganda Geographical Association. “We profoundly thank IGU, through Prof. Michael Meadows for supporting us when we petitioned against the merger of the Bachelor of Geographical Sciences with Meteorology and Environmental Sciences at Makerere University. The petition was successful and the programmes were left as distinct disciplines,” he noted. Prof. Mugagga is the President of the Uganda Geographical Association, an organization that works to develop professional geographers with knowledge and skills to effectively address global environmental challenges. The Association conducts research on pertinent issues affecting humanity such as climate change adaptation and mitigation, landslides, floods, soil erosion and sedimentation, land degradation, regional development, ecosystems management, urbanization, population growth and development, water scarcity and food security. The Association also holds periodic retooling courses for geography teachers and other civil servants. Prof. Mugagga congratulated Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze upon being elected IGU Vice President for Africa.

Participants in group presentations at the conference.
Participants in group presentations at the conference.

In his closing remarks, Dr Jerome S. Lugumira, Natural Resources Manager (Soil and Land Use), NEMA said government was committed to the use of science in fostering national development. He reiterated the power of networking in trying to address global development challenges and urged researchers to actively engage policy makers in their projects.

The Dean School of Agricultural Sciences, Dr. John Baptist Tumuhairwe addressing participants.
The Dean School of Agricultural Sciences, Dr. John Baptist Tumuhairwe addressing participants.

Pre-conference hackathon and training

Satellite Earth Observation (EO) provides a wide range of environmental data information which is key to the effective planning and monitoring of the environment. In this regard, the College held a three-day pre-conference hackathon on geospatial-based cloud computing for biodiversity and ecosystem resilience with the aim of engaging early career scientists, researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds to foster collaboration in the use of geospatial technology and earth observation to address sustainable development issues, especially on biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.

Participants in a pre-conference training on geospatial based cloud computing.
Participants in a pre-conference training on geospatial based cloud computing.

The College also held a three-day training on optimizing emerging geospatial technologies in evaluating climate change impacts on vegetation. Vegetation resources in tropical Africa are under increasing threat both from climate change and a spate of anthropogenic activities. Yet a substantial proportion of livelihoods in Africa is linked to environment and natural resources. Thus, the need for improved monitoring to ensure integrity and resilience of vegetation resources and ecosystems is apparent in line with the goals and tenets of the Global Development Agenda 2030. Geospatial technologies occupy a vintage position in monitoring, analysis and overall resilience building. The training aimed to, 1) equip participants with emerging tools and technologies that can be harnessed in analyzing climate change impacts on vegetation and ecosystems, 2) build an ecosystem of champions to propel the utility of geospatial technology, 3) to improve the ecosystem and vegetation resilience to climate change.

Dr. Jerome Lugumira delivering closing remarks at the end of the conference.
Dr. Jerome Lugumira delivering closing remarks at the end of the conference.

The trainings were coordinated by Dr Daniel Waiswa from the School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University; and conducted by Dr Allan Mazimwe from the Department of Geomatics and Land Management, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University; Dr Bernard Barasa from the Department of Geography, Kyambogo University; and Mr. Thomas Enuru from the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering, CAES.

Details on the 1st GORILLA Conference at: https://news.mak.ac.ug/2020/12/the-1st-international-gorilla-conference-opens-at-mak/

Please see below for conference documents.

GORILLA Keynote Presentation_Dr. Samuel Tetteh Partey, UNESCO: https://doc-0s-58-docs.googleusercontent.com/docs/securesc/b07ld2tllpi647jp9b09m7chohgqnct1/tv2v4ikl813e11s5vhhkmrlatg2j282v/1670919975000/13459373403972771569/11467171637526004956/14Vc2iWRxryo_MNXMxq0I_dLBYocO7O34?e=download&authuser=0

Hasifa Kabejja

Agriculture & Environment

Mak Strengthens Kasese, Mbale Urban Food Systems through Cross-City Learning

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The project team led by Prof. Frank Mugagga together with the farmers at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd in Kabarole District. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Farmers from Mbale City have gained new skills for strengthening urban food production following a four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District.

Supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, the programme, held from 23rd-26th September 2026, brought farmers from Mbale City into direct contact with their counterparts and practitioners engaged in diverse agricultural enterprises. The interaction provided a platform for participants to share experiences, examine practical approaches to production and enterprise management, and identify lessons that could be adapted to strengthen livelihoods and build more resilient urban food systems.

The delegation was led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Principal Investigator of the RUFS Project and a member of staff in the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University.

The RUFS PI, Prof. Frank Mugagga briefing the proprietor of BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd about the activities of the project. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The RUFS PI, Prof. Frank Mugagga briefing the proprietor of BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd about the activities of the project.

Strengthening Urban Food Systems Through Peer Learning

The exchange forms part of RUFS’ efforts to strengthen urban food systems through peer-to-peer learning, knowledge sharing, practical skills development and collaboration among farmers and other food-system actors. It builds on work undertaken during the first phase of the project (2021-2023) and second phase (2024-2026) in Mbale City and Kasese Municipality, where the project has supported farmers and stakeholders to identify food-system challenges, strengthen local capacities and promote more resilient and sustainable approaches to urban agriculture.

Funded under the AgriFoSe2030 programme, RUFS places strong emphasis on learning through practical experience. Rather than relying solely on classroom-based training, the exchange enabled farmers to observe agricultural enterprises firsthand and learn directly from practitioners. This hands-on approach gave participants an opportunity to explore practical solutions and consider how farming and enterprise-management practices could be adapted to the conditions of Mbale City.

The Proprietor of BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd, Mr. Julius Bigabwa briefing the team about his enterprises. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Proprietor of BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd, Mr. Julius Bigabwa briefing the team about his enterprises.

The programme featured learning sessions at agricultural enterprises and production sites in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District, each offering a different perspective on urban and peri-urban food production, enterprise management and livelihood diversification.

The farmers visited four farms in Kasese Municipality, including Citrus Agrotech Ltd and Sunice Farm, as well as Mubuku Irrigation Scheme.

Farmers’ Engagement at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd

A major highlight of the programme was the tour of BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd in Kabarole District, an agricultural enterprise founded in 2008. Beyond agricultural production, BIGLAD provides practical training in agriculture, entrepreneurship, financial management and environmental conservation, offering an integrated approach to improving livelihoods through agriculture.

The team touring the enterprises at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team touring the enterprises at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd.

At the enterprise, the Mbale City farmers were introduced to a diverse range of agricultural enterprises, including bananas, tea, vanilla, macadamia, stevia, yacón and chives, alongside fish farming, poultry and livestock production. The experience illustrated how different enterprises can be combined to maximize the use of available land and resources, spread production risks and create multiple sources of household income.

Guided by the proprietor and 2nd runner-up of the 2017 Harvest Money Expo, Mr. Julius Bigabwa, the farmers gained a broader understanding of agriculture as a business enterprise rather than a subsistence activity. They learnt that successful farming requires deliberate planning, proper record-keeping, prudent financial management, careful selection of enterprises and continuous attention to markets.

The visit also underscored the importance of understanding the entire production chain-from selecting suitable enterprises and managing inputs to production, post-harvest handling, value addition and marketing.

The farmers learning about fish farming at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The farmers learning about fish farming at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd.

Diversification and Value Addition

One of the key lessons from BIGLAD was the value of enterprise diversification. Engaging in a range of crop and animal enterprises can reduce dependence on a single source of income and strengthen farmers’ ability to manage production challenges, market fluctuations and changing environmental conditions. The experience encouraged participants to consider how complementary activities can be integrated to strengthen household livelihoods.

The farmers also gained insights into value addition and efficient resource utilization. Rather than viewing agricultural produce solely as raw commodities, they explored ways of increasing value and returns through improved production practices, processing, packaging and market-oriented approaches. The integration of environmental conservation into agricultural activities further underscored the need to pursue productivity while protecting the natural resources on which farming livelihoods depend.

For the Mbale City farmers, the experience at BIGLAD offered more than exposure to different agricultural enterprises. It provided a practical framework for planning farming as a business, diversifying strategically, adding value, managing resources responsibly and identifying opportunities for more sustainable returns.

Mr. Bigabwa explaining to the farmers about the fish feeding process. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Bigabwa explaining to the farmers about the fish feeding process.

Sharing experiences at Citrus Agro-tech Ltd

For Ms. Kabugho Rebecca, a mixed farmer in Kasese and Manager of Citrus Agro-tech Ltd, farming is a journey of learning, adaptation and perseverance. Her story offered the Mbale City farmers an opportunity to learn from the experiences and challenges that have shaped her agricultural enterprise.

Managing poultry, piggery, banana, tomato, mango and vegetable enterprises, Rebecca has learnt the value of diversification, proper record-keeping and understanding the market. Her experience highlighted how decisions concerning labour, feed, records, market access and enterprise selection can influence the performance and sustainability of a farming business.

She also emphasized the importance of securing reliable water supplies to help farmers sustain production under changing weather conditions.

Farmers learning about macadamia cultivation and its uses. Macadamia is a nutritious tree nut commonly eaten as a snack and used in cooking, baking and oil production. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Farmers learning about macadamia cultivation and its uses. Macadamia is a nutritious tree nut commonly eaten as a snack and used in cooking, baking and oil production.

Rebecca’s experience further highlighted the opportunities that arise when farmers move beyond primary production into value addition and other stages of the agricultural value chain. Her hatchery, for example, has created an additional income stream while responding to the needs of other farmers.

Through Citrus Agro-tech Ltd, she also supports small-scale farmers through training in agricultural enterprises and agronomic practices, supplies banana seedlings and provides internship opportunities for agriculture students. Her enterprise has evolved into more than a production site – it is also a space for knowledge sharing, practical learning and mentorship.

Understanding the market has been equally important to her enterprise. In her poultry business, the surrounding community provides a ready consumer base, illustrating how farmers can strengthen their businesses by understanding local demand and aligning production with market needs.

The farmers touring the fish ponds at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The farmers touring the fish ponds at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd.

For the Mbale City farmers, Rebecca’s experience provided practical lessons relevant to their own circumstances. It highlighted that progress in farming depends not only on the size of a farm or number of enterprises, but also on how effectively farmers use available resources, learn from experience, respond to challenges and continuously improve their practices.

The learning exchange was not one-way. As they interacted with Rebecca and observed her enterprises, the Mbale City farmers also shared their own experiences and practical suggestions for strengthening her operations. Among the issues discussed was pest management, including approaches that could improve efficiency, reduce wastage and strengthen enterprise performance.

Learning from Other Farms and Mubuku Irrigation Scheme

The learning continued at Sunice Farm, owned by Ms. Eunice Mutooro Sunday, and at the farm of Ms. Masika Nevercate, both in Bulembia Division, Kasese Municipality. Through interactions with the farmers, the Mbale delegation gained practical insights into vegetable production, enterprise management and ways of improving productivity using available resources.

The farmers in the tea plantation at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The farmers in the tea plantation at BIGLAD Agri-Tourism Farm Ltd.

They also learnt from Ms. Grace Masika, a smallholder farmer in Central Division, Kasese Municipality, whose experience offered insights into how small-scale agriculture can contribute to household livelihoods.

At Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, the farmers gained practical insights into irrigated crop production, with a focus on rice and maize. The visit exposed them to different stages of crop production, from land preparation and planting to water management, crop maintenance and harvesting. It also enabled participants to appreciate how irrigation can support more reliable production, improve productivity and reduce dependence on seasonal rainfall.

Lessons Learnt

The programme demonstrated that valuable agricultural knowledge does not only come from formal training or technical experts. Farmers themselves are an important source of practical knowledge, innovation and experience. Direct interaction with fellow farmers gave the Mbale City delegation insights grounded in real-life experience.

Mr. Bigabwa briefing the team about his livestock enterprise. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Bigabwa briefing the team about his livestock enterprise.

The exposure to diversified agricultural enterprises, agri-tourism, entrepreneurship and irrigation provided practical ideas that farmers could reflect on and adapt to their own circumstances. Key lessons included:

i) Diversification can strengthen household incomes: Farmers learnt the importance of diversifying beyond a single enterprise to spread risk and create multiple sources of income. Combining crop production with livestock, poultry and other complementary enterprises can generate income at different times of the year and reduce dependence on one livelihood source.

ii) Farming requires patience, consistency and passion: Experiences shared by host farmers showed that successful farming takes time. Farmers need to remain committed to their enterprises, learn from setbacks and consistently improve their practices. Passion and persistence were identified as important qualities for sustaining an agricultural business.

Mr. Bigabwa takes the team through the process of adding value to macadamia nuts. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Bigabwa takes the team through the process of adding value to macadamia nuts.

iii) Strong partnerships create opportunities for growth: The exchange reinforced the value of building relationships with fellow farmers, local institutions, technical experts, markets and other stakeholders. Partnerships can provide access to knowledge, skills, inputs, markets and new opportunities that individual farmers may struggle to access on their own.

 iv) Make informed investment decisions: The farmers learnt that not every seemingly attractive agricultural venture is necessarily profitable. Before investing, farmers need to consider the costs of production, available markets, expected returns, labour requirements, risks and the time required to generate income. Careful assessment can help farmers avoid putting resources into enterprises that may not provide adequate returns.

v) Every coin earned from sales should be accounted for: Proper financial record-keeping emerged as an important lesson. Farmers need to know how much they spend on inputs, labour, transport and other operational costs and how much they earn from sales. Keeping track of income and expenditure enables farmers to determine whether an enterprise is profitable and make better decisions about reinvestment.

The farmers learning about value addition to macadamia nuts. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The farmers learning about value addition to macadamia nuts.

vi) Plan labour strategically to ensure smooth operations: The farmers learnt that relying heavily on casual or seasonal workers can disrupt farm operations. They recognized the importance of planning labour needs in advance, developing reliable sources of labour and, where feasible, adopting practices and technologies that reduce reliance on labour-intensive activities.

vii) Sustainability requires continuity across generations: Engaging younger family members can help ensure continuity of agricultural enterprises, preserve valuable experience and knowledge, and support the long-term sustainability of farming activities.

viii) Farmers should embrace new opportunities: The exchange encouraged farmers to remain open to new ideas and opportunities that can strengthen their farming enterprises.

Some of the products developed from macadamia nuts. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the products developed from macadamia nuts.

ix) Organic farming can support sustainable production: The farmers appreciated how organic practices can improve soil health, reduce reliance on synthetic inputs, lower some production costs and promote environmental sustainability through better use of locally available resources.

x) Understanding the quality of soil helps farmers make better production decisions: Farmers learnt the importance of observing and understanding their soils before deciding what to plant. Simple observations of soil characteristics, combined where possible with appropriate soil testing and technical advice, can help farmers identify crops that are better suited to particular areas and improve productivity.

xi) Adapt farming practices to local conditions: Farmers learnt that crops and practices suited to one area may not perform similarly elsewhere, making it important to consider local weather, soils and growing conditions.

The project team and the farmers with Kasese Municipality Deputy Mayor, Mr. Mupango Rabson. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The project team and the farmers with Kasese Municipality Deputy Mayor, Mr. Mupango Rabson.

xii) Start small and grow gradually: Farmers do not always need large amounts of capital to start a new enterprise. Beginning on a manageable scale enables them to gain experience, test the market, address challenges and improve their practices before reinvesting and expanding.

Local Government Appreciation

In the course of the field trip in Kasese Municipality, the team interacted with the Deputy Mayor, Mr. Mupango Rabson, who commended the RUFS Project for its timely and forward-looking approach to strengthening urban food systems.

He appreciated the project’s contribution to equipping communities with practical knowledge and solutions for addressing the interconnected challenges of rapid urbanization, food security and livelihoods.

Ms. Kabugho Rebecca, in yellow t-shirt, briefs the farmers on her banana enterprise. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ms. Kabugho Rebecca, in yellow t-shirt, briefs the farmers on her banana enterprise.

A similar engagement will be held in Mbale City from 7th-10th October 2026.

Photos of other activities/farms toured

Dr. Henry Mbowa from AidEnvironment training the farmers on pest management. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Henry Mbowa from AidEnvironment training the farmers on pest management.

The team being briefed about the process of maize and rice production at Mubuku Irrigation Scheme. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team being briefed about the process of maize and rice production at Mubuku Irrigation Scheme.

The team also visited Sunice Farm, where vegetable production is the main agricultural enterprise. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The team also visited Sunice Farm, where vegetable production is the main agricultural enterprise.

Some of the team members at Ms. Masika Grace's home. Ms. Masika is a smallholder farmer in Central Division, Kasese Municipality. Farmers from Mbale City four-day learning exchange programme in Kasese Municipality and Kabarole District to gain new approaches to strengthening urban food production, 23rd-26th September 2026, supported by the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) Project, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the team members at Ms. Masika Grace’s home. Ms. Masika is a smallholder farmer in Central Division, Kasese Municipality.

Link to the pictorial of the activities:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1WyKkMEwefJHufr-ERzcu9NUdI3fzgIYy?usp=sharing

More about RUFS: https://news.mak.ac.ug/2025/08/mak-launches-phase-ii-of-the-rufs-project-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-food-security-in-kasese-mbale-districts/

Hasifa Kabejja

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Agriculture & Environment

Makerere Students Win Inter-University Tourism Quiz Competition

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The tourism students receiving a certificate in recognition of their performance. Courtesy Photo. Makerere University Students Win Inter-University tourism quiz that tested students’ knowledge of tourism, Ugandan culture and heritage, as well as their ability to interpret photographic representations of tourism attractions at the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, Makerere University Business School (MUBS) and the Uganda Tourism Board workshop on theme “ Digital agenda, artificial intelligence to redesign tourism", 18th September 2026, Makerere University Business School (MUBS), Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

On Friday 18th September 2026, the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, Makerere University Business School (MUBS) and the Uganda Tourism Board held a workshop on a theme “ Digital agenda, artificial intelligence to redesign tourism”.

This event was held at Makerere University Business School (MUBS) where 15 universities participated; 

  1. Makerere University 
  2. ⁠MUBS
  3. ⁠Kampala International University 
  4. ⁠Metropolitan International University 
  5. ⁠Muteesa 1 Royal University 
  6. ⁠ISBAT university 
  7. ⁠Avance University 
  8. ⁠Uganda Wildlife and Research Training Institute
  9. ⁠Uganda Hotel and Tourism Training College
  10. ⁠Kyambogo University 
  11. ⁠International University of East Africa
  12. ⁠Ndejje University 
  13. ⁠Islamic University in Uganda
  14. ⁠St. Lawrence University 
  15. ⁠Uganda Christian University
The tourism students jubilate upon receiving the trophy. Courtesy Photo. Makerere University Students Win Inter-University tourism quiz that tested students’ knowledge of tourism, Ugandan culture and heritage, as well as their ability to interpret photographic representations of tourism attractions at the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, Makerere University Business School (MUBS) and the Uganda Tourism Board workshop on theme “ Digital agenda, artificial intelligence to redesign tourism", 18th September 2026, Makerere University Business School (MUBS), Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The tourism students jubilate upon receiving the trophy. Courtesy Photo.

A highlight of the workshop was an inter-university tourism quiz that tested students’ knowledge of tourism, Ugandan culture and heritage, as well as their ability to interpret photographic representations of tourism attractions. Makerere University’s tourism students emerged as the overall winners, demonstrating strong knowledge and understanding of Uganda’s tourism sector. The winning team was presented with a trophy by the Head of the Tourism Department at MUBS, Dr. Celestine Katongole, in recognition of their outstanding performance.

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

Call for Abstracts – 4th International GORILLA Conference 2026

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Call for Abstracts – 4th International GORILLA Conference 2026. 4th International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA), 30th November-4th December 2026, Commonwealth Resort Munyonyo, Kampala, Uganda. Organised by the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University

Deadline for submission of Abstracts: Wednesday, 30th September 2026

The Organizing Committee of the 4th International Conference on Geographical Science for Resilient Communities, Ecosystems and Livelihoods under Global Environmental Change (GORILLA) invites researchers, practitioners, policymakers and other stakeholders to submit abstracts for oral and poster presentations. The conference will be held from 30th November-4th December 2026 at the Commonwealth Resort Munyonyo, Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract requirements:

  1. Submit a 250-word abstract addressing one of the conference sub-themes.
  2. Oral and poster presentations are accepted.
  3. Proposals for special sessions may also be considered.
  4. Abstracts should be submitted online through https://gorilla.mak.ac.ug/ by Wednesday, 30th September 2026.
  5. Submissions will undergo peer review and will be considered on a rolling basis.

Key sub-themes include:

  1. Geographies of Climate Change Resilience: Contradictions and Opportunities
  2. Environmental Risk and the increasing Polycrisis
  3. Geospatial Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability of Livelihood
  4. Emerging Geographic Technologies and Innovations for Resilience
  5. Green-based transitions for sustainable livelihoods
  6. Cities of the Future: Reimagining Urbanity in the Age of Innovation and Sustainability
  7. Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Nature-based Solutions
  8. Biodiversity, Biogeography and Ecosystem for Societal Resilience
  9. Early Warning Systems and Anticipatory Actions for Resilient Communities
  10. Geographies of water systems resilience
  11. The Changing geography of agrifood systems
  12. Climate mobility, displacement and natural resource conflict

Objectives of the Conference

  1. To facilitate the exchange of contemporary resilience-building knowledge and innovations across disciplines.
  2. Enhance dialogue to bridge the science-policy-practice interface to address deficits that are limiting the resolution of pressing resilience challenges and shape policy agendas.
  3. Enhance capacities and capabilities of early career scientists through mentorship and dedicated training focused on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
  4. Increase knowledge and scientific outputs from Sub-Saharan Africa by facilitating special issue publications
  5. Provide an opportunity for increased networking and beneficial partnerships from attendees with varied backgrounds and professional affiliations to address complex sustainable development challenges

Details can be obtained from the conference website: www.gorilla.mak.ac.ug or by sending an email to: gorilla.conference@mak.ac.ug

Registration for the Conference: gorilla.mak.ac.ug/register

GORILLA Conference Secretariat

Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University
P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

Contact Persons:

Prof. Yazidhi Bamutaze – Local Organizing Committee Chair

Tel: +256 772 696 751

Dr. Jerome Lugumira – Co-Chair

Tel: +256 785 207 156

Hasifa Kabejja

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