Professor William Senteza Kajubi, the first African to receive a Fulbright scholarship in 1952 and a renowned educationist who diversified and chaired a committee to review Uganda’s Curriculum in 1990 was remembered and celebrated by Makerere University College of Education and External studies (CEES) in a public lecture that happened on 22nd September 2022 at the Yusuf Lule teaching facility Auditorium at Makerere University.
The ceremony themed “Internationalization of Higher Education in the next Century” presided over by the United States’s Ambassador to Uganda Her Excellency Natalie Brown brought together many academicians, educationists and students across the world to celebrate the life and achievements of the person of Professor William Senteza Kajubi. In attendance were Vice Chancellors from Ugandan universities e.g. Soroti, Muni, Bishop Stuart, Bugema, Ndejje and Busitema.
Besides remembering the life of Prof. Kajubi, this public lecture also happened to be marking the Makerere University’s 100 year anniversary, Uganda’s 60 years of independence and its fruitful relationship with the United States that has paved way for the Fulbright Scholarship program and many other partnerships that have impacted lives of Ugandans.
While addressing the congregation, the Principal College of Education and External Studies (CEES) Professor Anthony Mugagga hailed Professor Kajubi for the 1989 report on Education which the National Resistance Movement government incorporated into its 10-point program.
“In 1954 when Pope Leo the 10th appointed Ben Kiwanuka as the first African Bishop, he cautioned him to be successful so that he can inspire more African theologians. Kajubi never got lost in the States, neither did he do drugs but he clang to studies and paved way for other scholars of the Fulbright Scholarship program,” added Professor Mugagga who concluded his remarks cautioning the congregation to emulate Prof. Kajubi, and also thanked all staff who participated in seeing this event a success.
On behalf of the Senteza Kajubi family, his son Wasswa Kajubi expressed their deepest gratitude and honor to Makerere University and CEES administration for always remembering their loved one even when he passed on long time ago.
The Chairperson Makerere University Council Mrs.Lorna Magara highlighted how the Late Prof. Kajubi’s life symbolized hard work, persistence and courage to pursue excellence and greatness. She added that Prof. Kajubi’s passion for education at Makerere and the University of Chicago resulted into a lot of phenomenal education reforms that saw admission of private sponsored students to Makerere.
“Prof. Sentenza Kajubi’s life symbolized hard work, passion for the profession, creativity, innovation, and courage to pursue and carry out a vision”. This hard work ethic, Mrs. Magara informed the gathering, was reinforced daily by a family motto in the Kajubi sitting room, “OMULIMU LYE LINNYA LY’OMUNTU,” which may be translated as ONE’S WORK IS ONE’S NAME.
The late Prof. Kajubi’s passion and pursuit for knowledge can be traced through his education journey, from Mengo Junior Secondary school to Kings College Budo, to Makerere University, and on to the University of Chicago on a Fulbright Scholarship graduating with an MSC. with a concentration in Geography. Upon return, he embraced the privilege and honor of serving as a teacher, and Administrator. His dedicated service saw him rise through the ranks to serve as Director, National Institute of Education (1964- 1977) and twice as Vice Chancellor, Makerere University (1977-1979; 1990-1993).
Her Excellency Natalie Brown the United States Ambassador to Uganda said,” Professor Kajubi is a shining star among Fulbright alumni, in Uganda and beyond. He traveled to the U.S. in 1952 as a Fulbright student to pursue a master’s degree at the University of Chicago. He returned to make great contributions to the education sector in Uganda and the region. His two-time tenure appointments at the helm of this university demonstrate his outstanding leadership ability”. Professor Kajubi did not limit himself to education alone, he went on to serve as a delegate to Uganda’s Constituent Assembly which created the new constitution in 1995, among other things. His legacy of service to his country remains an inspiration to generations of faculty and students alike”.
Ms. Brown said the US Mission in Uganda are proud to manage the Fulbright program in Uganda where 12 Ugandan Fulbright grantees were sent this year to academic programs for Masters, PhD and research in the United States, and in exchange Uganda welcomed nine U.S. Fulbrighters to conduct research.
Makerere University and the people of America have had great partnerships that have seen America’s public Health enthusiasts and other specialists come to Uganda to conduct research. They include the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and so many others.
The keynote speaker of the day and the Vice President and Associate Provost for Internationalization at the University of Notre Dame, Dr. Michael Pippenger challenged African Universities to ensure solidarity, commitment and transparency if they actually want to internationalize since it not only helps them realize weaknesses, strengths and potential areas of collaboration but also builds transformative and global minded students.
“It is not the MOUs and agreements we sign that show internationalization, but rather the work we do while together on ending pandemics, fostering rule of law and other community impactful engagements. Surprisingly Prof Kajubi knew all this”. Concluded Dr. Pippenger who urged universities to stick to their visions and missions which should reflect on the communities they serve.
Prof. William Senteza Kajubi served as the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University at two different intervals 1977 – 1979 and 1990 – 1993. He was also a member of the constitutional Assembly that drafted Uganda’s constitution of 1995. He devoted his life to Academics and impacting communities until his death on May 1st, 2012.
Background
Prof. Senteza Kajubi was born in 1926, in Singo county (modern day Mityana District), to Yoweri Bugonzi Kajubi and Bulanina Namukomya. His family later moved closer to the capital and settled in Busega, a suburb in the outskirts of Kampala, where he began his long journey with, or rather in, education at the Mackay Memorial Primary School in 1933. He then attended Mengo Junior School from 1941 to 1943 before transferring to King’s College Budo for his Advanced Level, finally making it to Makerere College in 1947 where he pursued a Bachelor of Arts with a Diploma in Education.
Shortly after he graduated, Prof. Kajubi taught at Kako Junior Secondary School before going to the University of Chicago for a Master of Science in Geography. Later, in 1955, he went back to his alma mater, King’s College Budo, and taught Geography. It was during this period that he taught other notable personalities in Uganda’s history such as Mathew Rukikaire and Prof. Apolo Nsibambi in a predominantly white environment. The only other native teachers at Budo, then, were the Deputy Headteacher, Mr. Sempebwa and Erisa Kironde, an English language teacher.
As one of the few Protestant members of a predominantly Catholic Democratic party (DP), Senteza Kajubi was a member of the National Symbols Committee which was tasked with selecting the national anthem, flag and coat of arms.
His political acumen propelled him to chair a number of government boards over the years until he directly participated in electoral politics in 1994 as a delegate of the Constituent Assembly representing Kyadondo North.
Two years after Uganda got independence, now a lecturer at Makerere University, Prof. Senteza was appointed the Director of National Institute of Education. He served there until 1977 when he became Vice Chancellor for the first time.
Education Policy Formation in Uganda
As the Secretary General of the Uganda Teachers’ Association from 1959 to 1962, Prof. Senteza Kajubi was a member of the famed Castle Commission on Uganda’s post-independence education policy framework.
Instituted and appointed in January 1963, the Castle Commission had been tasked with examining the content and structure of education in Uganda in light of the approved recommendations of the International Bank Survey Mission Report, Uganda’s financial position and its future manpower requirement.
In the execution of its mandate, the commission dealt with a dilemma; if the formulated policy disproportionately focused on universal primary education and adult literacy while neglecting secondary, tertiary and higher education, it would fail to produce high level manpower which was required to staff government and teach in schools. However, on the other hand, the country did not have the resources to make improvements across the board and had to prioritise one option to the detriment of the other.
Since Makerere was still under the University of East Africa and higher education was still an inter-territorial responsibility, the commission instead focused on prioritising teacher-training, expanding secondary school enrolment and improving relevance, quality and access of primary education in remote areas.
In 1977, during his first tenure as the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Kajubi went on to chair the Education Policy Review Commission (EPRC) which was appointed by Idi Amin’s Minister of Education, Brig. Barnabas Kili.
Owing to the political climate at the time, the education system was facing even dire problems. The gross human rights violations had led to a mass exodus of highly qualified professionals from civil service, teachers and university faculty into exile. Imploding diplomatic relations rendered external assistance with regard to education inexistent and the government had to deal with shortages from personnel to instructional material.
Prof. Senteza Kajubi was then tasked with the responsibility of leading an effort to circumvent some of these challenges and therefore keeping the education system in Uganda alive. Unfortunately, the findings and recommendations of the report, from its members and constituent sub-committees were overtaken by events in 1979 when war broke out and the Idi Amin regime was overthrown. The report was shelved and never formally presented to cabinet.
In 1987, after the ascendancy of the NRM government into power, another commission, once again headed by Prof. Senteza Kajubi, was appointed. Still under similarly unique circumstances, this commission too had to work within the socio-economic confines of a post-war society riddled with scarcity of resources. Eighteen months later, the commission’s report was produced in January 1989.
The most notable outcome of this committee report was a government white paper which brought to life the famous Universal Primary Education. This recommendation alone, for all its limitations, has contributed significantly to literacy levels in Uganda and to the education system as a whole.
After chairing the second Kajubi commission, he then became the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University for the second time, from 1990 to 1993, preceded by Prof. George Kirya and succeeded by Prof. John Ssebuwufu.
The Fulbright Program
In 1952, Prof. Senteza went on to the University of Chicago, on a Fulbright Scholarship, to pursue a Master of Science in Geography, making him the first African beneficiary of this scholarship program.
The student exchange scholarship program, which was started shortly after the Second World War by an act of Congress, was named after the American Senator J. William Fulbright, its framer. He made the case that “educational exchange could turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanising of international relations.”
Through his notable achievements and illustrious career, it is clear that this initiative to bridge cultural gaps through an international education exchange program had Prof. Senteza as one its successes.
The U.S Ambassador to Uganda William W. Popp, has called on institutions of higher learning to groom and shape active citizens. The ambassador was delivering a keynote address at the Annual Prof. William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture, held on Thursday October 3, 2024 at Makerere University’s Yusuf Lule Auditorium.
“Higher education is not just about earning degrees; it is about cultivating the skills and values that create active, engaged citizens who can contribute to a better world,” H.E. William W. Popp said.
Ambassador Popp emphasized the crucial role universities play in nurturing responsible citizens. By fostering debate, advocacy and governance participation, universities equip students with the tools needed for leadership in their communities and beyond. “Universities are essential for promoting civic participation, critical thinking, and informed citizenship—key components of a healthy democracy. A vibrant democracy relies on citizens who can engage constructively and peacefully with each other and their leaders,” he explained.
He elaborated on how universities contribute to civic education by offering courses in disciplines like political science, history, and sociology. These programs inform students about democratic systems, civil rights, and global issues, while also providing platforms for interaction with current and former political leaders, he said.
Ambassador Popp highlighted the importance of fostering critical thinking and debate. “By engaging in discussions around complex issues, students learn to form informed opinions and engage in responsible democratic discourse.” He noted that universities empower individuals through education, internships, and student councils, laying the groundwork for active and informed citizenship. “History shows that universities are incubators of social movements, where students challenge the status quo and advocate for policies that benefit society.”
Panel discussants
Dr. Pamela Tibihikirra-Kalyegira, Director of the Law Development Centre, reinforced these points by outlining three core roles of universities: teaching, applied research, and community engagement. “We must reflect on how well we are fulfilling these responsibilities,” she urged, encouraging students to adopt a lifelong learning mindset and recognize that no one can know everything.
Dr. Ruth Biyinzika, Coordinator of the GROW Project at the Private Sector Foundation Uganda (PSFU), shared insights on various opportunities available to students that can help them navigate their career paths. She also called on parents to actively engage in shaping their children’s educational journeys before they transition to higher education institutions.
In honoring the legacy of Prof. Senteza Kajubi, Makerere University Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe praised him as one of Uganda’s most influential educationists. A two-time Vice Chancellor and the first Fulbright from Uganda, Prof. Kajubi opened doors for many African students to benefit from the Fulbright scholarship. Prof. Nawangwe recalled his personal friendship with Kajubi, highlighting the wisdom he gained from him.
During Uganda’s struggle with the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Prof. Kajubi played a pivotal role in establishing a partnership between Makerere University and Case Western Reserve University in the U.S., which helped train staff to manage the crisis. “The first COVID-19 testing kits we received at Mulago Hospital were donated by Case Western Reserve University—400,000 free kits,” noted Prof. Nawangwe, emphasizing the enduring impact of Prof. Kajubi’s contributions to Makerere University and Uganda.
Through these discussions, the lecture underscored the vital role of higher education in not only developing individual capabilities but also fostering a more engaged and informed citizenry, ultimately contributing to a stronger democracy.
Scholars at Makerere University have developed a set of competencies to guide graduate secondary school teachers in Uganda, focusing on effectively teaching students under the new lower secondary curriculum. The initiative, spearheaded by Dr. Yuda Taddeo Kaahwa as Principal Investigator (PI), includes contributions from Dr. Rebecca Nambi, Dr. Richard Balikoowa, Mr. Edward Kansiime, and Mr. Cale Santus.
This research project, funded by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere UniversityResearch and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF), gathered data from teachers, head teachers, and curriculum specialists across various regions. The findings were unveiled on September 12, 2024, during a dissemination workshop at Makerere University.
“Our research found that most teachers are still using the old curriculum and are not meeting the required standards for teaching under the new lower secondary curriculum,” Dr. Kaahwa revealed. He emphasized the need for a paradigm shift, highlighting that the new curriculum requires a learner-centered approach, unlike the traditional teacher-centered methods.
The survey was conducted across 15 schools, with 25 participants from each institution, as well as 30 curriculum specialists. The study revealed significant gaps in the teachers’ readiness to implement the new Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC), as many were trained under the old curriculum.
To address this, the scholars have outlined plans for training sessions at teacher training institutions, aiming to equip future educators with the skills necessary to meet the new curriculum’s demands. Dr. Kaahwa called for government support to ensure the successful implementation of this project, which has so far focused on teachers in the Humanities, Sciences, History, and Languages.
“A secondary school teacher must be creative, with excellent communication skills, to effectively convey knowledge to their learners,” Dr. Kaahwa stated, also stressing the importance of integrating technology into the learning process. He noted that the new curriculum’s learner-centered approach emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration, making teacher creativity and adaptability vital.
Dr. Richard Balikoowa proposed the creation of discussion groups among teachers to foster interpersonal communication skills and boost learner confidence. “Teachers must possess diverse knowledge in their disciplines and be able to identify and nurture their learners’ strengths and weaknesses,” he added.
The research, which began in 2022 following the introduction of the new curriculum, found that many teachers lacked a deep understanding of the competencies required for the CBC. This gap is largely due to teachers being trained in the outdated curriculum and needing time to “relearn” the new teaching strategies.
Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, Principal of the College of Education and External Studies (CEES), commended the scholars for their impactful research, which is poised to drive significant progress in Uganda’s education system. He highlighted the project as a crucial step toward improving teacher effectiveness under the new curriculum.
Prof. Fred Masagazi Masaazi, Chairperson of Mak-RIF, also praised the project, labeling it one of the most successful initiatives aimed at enhancing the competence profile of graduate secondary teachers in Uganda. He pledged ongoing support to ensure the project’s successful implementation, with the goal of shifting teacher practices to align with the new curriculum’s objectives.
However, challenges remain in ensuring widespread adoption of the new curriculum, particularly in private schools, where teachers are often unable or unwilling to attend government-organized training sessions. Nansana Municipal Inspector of Schools, Mr. Patrick Desire Nsubuga, emphasized the need for collective action from all stakeholders. “If we all agree to acquire the necessary skills, our children will better understand the curriculum,” he said.
Mr. Kinosa Daniel Mutumba, a teacher at Walibo Seed Secondary School in Luuka District, urged the government to deploy facilitators with in-depth knowledge of the new curriculum. “Some facilitators lack the expertise needed to guide teachers, which ultimately affects learners, especially when it comes to interpreting complex scenario-based questions in humanities subjects,” Mr. Mutumba remarked.
He also called on the government to provide more funding to fully implement the new curriculum and to increase the number of instructors available to train teachers in different districts.
As scholars continue refining the competencies and training frameworks, the hope is that teachers across Uganda will be better equipped to provide high-quality education under the Competence-Based Curriculum, thereby improving learning outcomes for students nationwide.
In a significant step towards advancing digital education in Uganda, 12 lecturers from various universities across the country recently convened at Makerere University for specialized training on research methodology and the presentation of research findings. The training, part of the Digital Education Practitioner Networks, is supported by the University of Edinburgh’s MasterCard Foundation Scholars Program.
This initiative is part of a broader effort to build digital capacity and foster practitioner networks across higher education institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. The project, hosted by the University of Edinburgh in partnership with Mastercard Foundation, emphasizes inclusion, focusing on educators who serve traditionally underrepresented groups, such as women, individuals with disabilities, and forcibly displaced populations.
Held at the College of Business and Management Sciences from September 1 to 3, 2024, the training was facilitated by two esteemed lecturers from the University of Edinburgh—Dr. Michael Gallagher and Dr. Peter Evans. Over the course of three days, the participating educators engaged in immersive sessions that honed their digital pedagogy skills, curriculum design techniques, and use of cutting-edge educational technologies.
This was an intensive three days of teaching, learning and discussion that was very valuable to the Scholars but also for us in better understanding the context of digital education in higher education in Uganda.
Mastercard Foundation Scholar, Alice Nakalema, lecturer from Bugema University and a participant in the program, highlighted how the training has broadened her understanding of educational mobility, online assessments, and the role of feedback in learning. “There is a wealth of information online,” Nakalema noted, adding that tools such as Miro boards have enriched her personal learning experience.
Dr. Sarah Bimbona, from Makerere University, also a Mastercard Foundation Scholar, shared her enthusiasm for the course, which she believes has given her a competitive edge in her teaching career. “Although I am a teacher, I wasn’t really grounded in education. This training has provided me with the digital pedagogy skills, curriculum design insights, and the use of educational technologies that I needed,” she explained.
Dr. Bimbona is committed to using her newfound knowledge to stay abreast of the latest trends in digital education, with the goal of transforming her teaching methods and enhancing the learning experience of her students.
The Digital Education Practitioner Networks project is one of three key work packages under the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at the University of Edinburgh, aimed at empowering educators and driving inclusion in higher education. Through initiatives like these, the future of education in Uganda and across sub-Saharan Africa is becoming more equitable, digitally enhanced, and forward-thinking.
Makerere University, as a key partner in this program, remains dedicated to leading efforts in digital education transformation, creating avenues for innovation, and strengthening the capacity of educators to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving educational landscape.