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Environmental Chemistry for Sustainable Development (ECSDevelop) Project Launched

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Overall Objective: The ECSDevelop Project launched at Makerere University on 8th June 2022 aims to increase capacity and contribution of environmental chemistry research in higher education in a bid to address the local and global priority needs in improving water quality.

The ECSDevelop Project Principal Investigator, Dr. Christine Betty Nagawa
The ECSDevelop Project Principal Investigator, Dr. Christine Betty Nagawa

East Africa faces serious challenges in relation to atmospheric, soil and water pollution. The Lake Victoria basin and the Albertine Graben have not been spared either. The Lake Victoria Basin that is shared by Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania has undergone rapid urbanization in the last three decades. The high population density, rapid industrial growth and wastewater treatment plants in the vicinity of the lake have been reported as some of the sources of environmental contaminants such as plastic debris and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aquatic ecosystems such as Lake Victoria have been reported as endpoints for plastics of all sizes, including microplastics. The harmful effects of microplastics such as starvation, death, oxidative damage, developmental defects and neurotoxicity to organisms have been reported. However, studies on the extent of microplastics pollution in fresh water bodies such as Lake Victoria and River Nile are limited.

The Environmental Chemistry for Sustainable Development (ECSDevelop) project, a joint programme between Makerere University, Uganda; Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kenya; the University of Natural Sciences and Life Sciences, Vienna; and Kyambogo University targets to investigate the seasonal fluxes, sources and trophic transfer of microplastics within the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Victoria and River Nile. To establish the effect of petroleum exploration and production activities carried out in the Albertine Graben, the research team will examine multifaceted application of nanotechnology in the field of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.

The Project team members - Dr Christine Betty Nagawa (L), and Dr Kyarimpa Christine (R) share notes at stakeholders engagement.
The Project team members – Dr Christine Betty Nagawa (L), and Dr Kyarimpa Christine (R) share notes at stakeholders engagement.

The overall objective of the ECSDevelop Project is to increase capacity and contribution of environmental chemistry research in higher education in a bid to address the local and global priority needs in improving water quality and advancement of remediation technologies. Through the project, the researchers will explore regional capacities to jointly streamline existing curricula on environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology; develop a novel cost-effective state of the art technology to track and clean up contaminants in wastewater using locally available resources such as moringa oleifera and other plant materials; and develop efficient remediation technologies for crude oil contaminated soils and water of the Albertine Graben, Uganda.

The project will also support training of 5 PhDs and 4 MSc graduate researchers at Makerere University, Kyambogo University and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kenya.

The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta launched the project.
The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta launched the project.

The three-year project launched by the Principal, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta on 8th June 2022 is funded by the Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development (APPEAR). The Principal Investigator is Dr Christine Betty Nagawa from the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University. Other members of the consortium are; Dr Patrick Sebugere from the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), Makerere University; Dr Christine Kyarimpa from Kyambogo University, Uganda; Dr Solomon Omwowa from Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Kenya; Mr Silver Odongo, Makerere University; and Ms. Emily Chelangat (KAFUCO).

Some of the participants at the ECSDevelop Project stakeholders engagement.
Some of the participants at the ECSDevelop Project stakeholders engagement.

Impact of the project

  • Under the project, curriculum in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology will be developed. It will be practical oriented to address the increasing societal challenges in environmental pollution and climate adaptations.
  • Publications, patents and policy briefs arising from research results will form an important baseline for new knowledge and technologies to be adopted. 
  • The project intends to equip local farmers with relevant skills to boost the production of moringa and gooseberries, which will be a sustainable source of the scaled-up bioremediation technologies. This will in the long run contribute to environmental conservation in the Lake Victoria basin and Albertine graben, and improve livelihoods among the famers through sale of moringa and gooseberries.
One of the Masters students supported by ECSDevelop, Mr Simon Ocakacon presents his research project.
One of the Masters students supported by ECSDevelop, Mr Simon Ocakacon presents his research project.

Stakeholders engagement

The research team held a two-day (7th-8th June 2022) meeting to introduce the project to stakeholders. The two-day workshop featured the launch of the project, presentations by Masters and PhD students, and a plenary discussion on how best to manage the project.

During the workshop, the Principal, CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta and the Head, Department of Chemistry at Makerere University, Dr. John Wasswa pledged total support towards the implementation of the project.

The Head, Department of Chemistry, Dr. John Wasswa pledged full support to the project.
The Head, Department of Chemistry, Dr. John Wasswa pledged full support to the project.

At the plenary session, stakeholders deliberated on the best modes of engagement with different stakeholders to increase impact of the project. They also discussed the gaps in the project and brainstormed on ways of sustaining the project. Participants called for massive sensitization on the dangers of microplastics and involvement of communities in the implementation of the project.

Mr. Timothy Omara, a prospective PhD Student will investigate the sources, seasonal variations, trophic transfer and magnetic carbon nanotube removal of microplastics from Lake Victoria.
Mr. Timothy Omara, a prospective PhD student will investigate the sources, seasonal variations, trophic transfer and magnetic carbon nanotube removal of microplastics from Lake Victoria.

Research projects of students sponsored by the ECSDevelop project

  1. Application of Nano particles in Bioremediation of Oil Spill in the Albertine Graben, Uganda– Abura Tobby Oliwit from the Department of Chemistry, CoNAS, Makerere University
  2. Assessment of Acaricide Residues in Trans Nzoia County and Mechanism of their Adsorption by Zeolites – Sifuna Douglas Bukhebi from Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Kenya
  3. Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract and gills of Oreochromis niloticus from fish breeding areas of northern Lake Victoria– Faith Atukwatse, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University
  4. Seasonal variations in the levels and trophic transfer of microplastics and nanoplastics in Lake Victoria basin – Godfrey Muhwezi, Department of Chemistry, Kyambogo University
  5. Investigating Sources of Microplastic Contaminants into Lake Victoria through Nakivubo Channel – Simon Ocakacon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University
  6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hexachlorobenzene Adsorption on zeolites – Manada Timothy, Department of Physical Sciences, (JOOUST), Kenya
  7. Sources, Seasonal variations, trophic transfer and magnetic carbon nanotunbe-removal of microplastics from the Ugandan portion of Lake Victoria – Omara Timothy, Uganda National Bureau of Standards
  8. Sorption of Dichlorophenyltrichloroethane, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine, and Glyphosate by activated charcoal and moringa husks in a packed small diameter column – Ahimbisibwe Michael, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Makerere University
  9. Quantification, spatial prediction and green nano remediation of crude oil contamination in the soils and water of the Albertine Graben, Uganda, Amina Nalweyiso, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Makerere University

Hasifa Kabejja

Natural Sciences

CoNAS Annual Report 2024

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Cover page of the CoNAS Annual Report 2024. College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) is one of the 9 constituent colleges of Makerere University, dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge and education in Uganda.

Comprising two schools and seven departments, CoNAS offers cutting-edge research and academic programs across diverse fields, including chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biological sciences.

The College is committed to nurturing innovative thinkers and leaders who can tackle the complex challenges of today’s world through scientific exploration and discovery. With a long-standing tradition of academic excellence, CoNAS plays a central role in shaping Uganda’s scientific and technological future. It fosters a culture of critical thinking, problem-solving, and sustainable development. The College’s distinguished faculty, state-of-the-art laboratories, and collaborative research initiatives continue to inspire and develop world-class professionals who make significant contributions to both national and global progress.

This edition of the report highlights the activities and achievements of 2024, aligned with the University’s strategic focus on Innovative Teaching and Learning, Research, Innovations and Technology Transfer, and Strategic Engagement and Partnerships.

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Preparing Graduates for Life after University: CoNAS Launches Terminal Seminar for Final Year Students

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Dr. Godfrey Kawooya Kubiriza, one of the key architects of the programme, briefs participants on the significance of the seminar. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Relevance of the seminar

Transitioning from university life to the professional world can be a daunting experience for many graduates. This challenge is particularly pronounced in Uganda, the broader East African region, and across Africa, where many university leavers find themselves ill-equipped to face the realities of life after school. Issues such as limited career guidance, lack of personal development resources, and insufficient awareness of societal expectations leave many graduates unprepared for what lies ahead.

According to data from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), the youth unemployment rate in the country stands at approximately 13.3%. Each year, over 400,000 graduates join the job market, all vying for a mere 9,000 available formal employment opportunities. This staggering imbalance creates a climate of intense competition, often resulting in widespread disillusionment, anxiety, and in severe cases, depression – largely due to the absence of structured transition programmes to support young people during this critical phase of life.

While some graduates manage to find employment, launch entrepreneurial ventures, or pursue further academic study, many others struggle with prolonged unemployment or underemployment. This vulnerable group is at risk of turning to detrimental coping mechanisms such as substance abuse, criminal activity, or social withdrawal. One of the root causes of this unpreparedness is the lack of mentorship and real-world guidance in key areas such as workplace conduct, professional ethics, entrepreneurship, leadership, and personal financial management.

In response to this pressing need, the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) at Makerere University, through its School of Biosciences, has launched an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students. Spearheaded by Heads of Departments within the School, the seminar is designed to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and the realities of post-university life by equipping students with essential life and career skills.

Dr Kubiriza addressing participants. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Kubiriza addressing participants.

Objectives of the Terminal Seminar

The seminar aims to:

  1. Impart practical knowledge on workplace ethics, professional behaviour, and employability.
  2. Cultivate entrepreneurial thinking and leadership skills, enabling students to create their own opportunities.
  3. Provide strategies for coping with unemployment, social pressure, and the transition period.
  4. Raise awareness about mental health and equip students with tools to manage transition-related stress.
  5. Offer insights into navigating employment in public and private sectors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the global job market.
Prof. Juma Kasozi, Deputy Principal of CoNAS, praised the initiative as a timely and strategic intervention that would equip students with practical skills and emotional resilience for today’s dynamic job market. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Juma Kasozi, Deputy Principal of CoNAS, praised the initiative as a timely and strategic intervention that would equip students with practical skills and emotional resilience for today’s dynamic job market.

Expected Outcomes

By the end of the programme, students are expected to:

  1. Gain a broader awareness of career and self-employment opportunities.
  2. Develop realistic expectations about the challenges and opportunities post-university.
  3. Experience reduced levels of frustration and vulnerability to harmful behaviours.
  4. Build connections and networks with industry professionals and mentors.
Mr. John Walugembe, Executive Director of the Federation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Uganda, highlighted the value of time management and integrity in building a successful career. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. John Walugembe, Executive Director of the Federation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Uganda, highlighted the value of time management and integrity in building a successful career.

2025 Terminal Seminar Event Highlights

On 23rd April 2025, CoNAS held its flagship Terminal Seminar for Final Year students set to complete their studies in June 2025. The seminar was coordinated by Dr. Godfrey Kawooya Kubiriza, Head, Department of Zoology, Entomology, and Fisheries Sciences, with support from Dr. Barbra Nerima and Dr. Joel Isanga, both faculty members from the Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology.

Mr. John Walugembe, Executive Director of the Federation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Uganda, highlighted the value of time management and integrity in building a successful career. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. John Walugembe addresses participants.

The event featured a series of empowering sessions, designed to help students navigate the transition from academic life to the professional world. Key topics included career planning, workplace ethics, entrepreneurship, and mental well-being.

A line-up of seasoned professionals and motivational speakers – including Mr. John Walugembe, Executive Director of the Federation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Uganda, and Dr. Catherine Mbidde, Ag Director, Makerere University Innovations Pod (UniPod), also Lecturer at the School of Business at CoBAMS, shared their personal journeys, professional insights, and practical advice for thriving beyond the university walls. Other Speakers included Dr. Alex Behakanira from the Department of Mathematics, Makerere University; Mr. Henry Nsubuga, Manager, Counselling and Guidance Centre, Makerere University; Mr. Maurice Ssebisubi, Senior Programme Officer (Fisheries and Environment) at the Embassy of Iceland; and Ms. Sylvia Kajubi, Deputy Principal at the Insurance Training College of Uganda.

Dr. Catherine Mbidde, Acting Director of the Makerere University Innovation Pod, addressed students on leveraging the digital landscape to boost their careers. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Catherine Mbidde, Acting Director of the Makerere University Innovation Pod, addressed students on leveraging the digital landscape to boost their careers.

Sharing his personal journey, Mr. John Walugembe offered valuable insights to students, emphasizing the critical importance of time management in shaping a successful career. He encouraged them to cultivate patience, resilience, and integrity as they transition from academic life into the professional world.

Mr. Walugembe also urged the students to maintain an open mind when approaching the job market. “You should not confine yourselves to roles within your academic fields. Remain open to exploring a wide range of opportunities that may arise. You need to approach the job market with flexibility,” he advised.

In his remarks, Dr. Alex Behakanira from the Department of Mathematics, Makerere University emphasized the need to remain open-minded and adaptable. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
In his remarks, Dr. Alex Behakanira from the Department of Mathematics, Makerere University emphasized the need to remain open-minded and adaptable.

In addition, he highlighted the dual significance of academic excellence and strong professional networks, noting that good grades can open doors, but relationships and connections often determine how far one can go in their career journey. “The best way to build networks is to improve your value,” he advised.

 Addressing the students on how to leverage the digital landscape to advance their careers, Dr. Catherine Mbidde emphasized the transformative potential of digital tools in shaping future opportunities. She, however, expressed concern over the growing trend of digital tool misuse – platforms that could otherwise be harnessed to explore career paths and unlock job prospects.

Mr. Maurice Ssebisubi, Senior Programme Officer (Fisheries and Environment) at the Embassy of Iceland, also an alumnus of CoNAS sharing his experiences. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Maurice Ssebisubi, Senior Programme Officer (Fisheries and Environment) at the Embassy of Iceland, also an alumnus of CoNAS sharing his experiences.

Dr. Mbidde urged the students to invest in nurturing their entrepreneurial skills, encouraging them to proactively develop plans, engage in regular self-assessment, and seek out mentors who can offer guidance and support along their professional journeys. She underscored the importance of spiritual grounding, advising students to cultivate a strong relationship with God as a source of direction and resilience in navigating the complexities of their career paths.

Mr. Basiima Collins from UniPod emphasized the importance of a mind-set shift as graduates navigate their career paths. He urged students to actively participate in networking events and foster an entrepreneurial mind-set, stressing that these actions are essential for personal and professional growth. “By embracing opportunities for networking, you can build valuable connections and open doors to new possibilities. Additionally, cultivating an entrepreneurial mind-set allows you to approach challenges with creativity, resilience, and a proactive attitude, which are crucial qualities for success in today’s dynamic job market.”

Dr Joel Isanga from the Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at CoNAS moderated the session. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr Joel Isanga from the Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at CoNAS moderated the session.

Addressing students on the significance of mental health in the journey of career development, Dr. Alex Behakanira emphasized the need to remain open-minded and adaptable. He noted that although job opportunities may appear scarce, the broader landscape of opportunities remains vast and ever-evolving. Dr. Behakanira encouraged students to strive for relevance not only in their professional environments but also within their homes and communities, underlining the importance of being well-rounded individuals. Echoing this sentiment, Mr. Henry Nsubuga stressed the importance of safeguarding one’s mental well-being throughout their career path. He advised students to cultivate a resilient mind-set and to be intentional about steering clear of situations that may lead to emotional distress or depression.

Dr Joel Isanga from the Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at CoNAS moderated the session. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Joel Isanga moderates the session.

 In his remarks, Prof. Juma Kasozi, the Deputy Principal of the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) and Head of Academics, expressed his appreciation for the initiative. He commended the effort as a timely and strategic intervention aimed at equipping students with the practical knowledge and emotional resilience necessary to navigate the dynamic and often challenging world of work. Prof. Kasozi emphasized that such initiatives play a crucial role in bridging the gap between academic theory and real-world application. He extended sincere gratitude to the seminar coordinators, praising their foresight and dedication in conceptualizing and organizing the programme.

The Terminal Seminar will be held on an annual basis.

The Dean, School of Biosciences at CoNAS, Prof. Arthur Tugume graced the event. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Dean, School of Biosciences at CoNAS, Prof. Arthur Tugume graced the event.
Some of the Final Year students at the seminar. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the Final Year students at the seminar.
Some of the students who participated in the session alongside the organizers and guest speakers. College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) through School of Biosciences launch of an innovative initiative – the Terminal Seminar/Symposium for Final-Year Students, 23rd April 2025, Room 201/202, JICA Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the students who participated in the session alongside the organizers and guest speakers.

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Natural Sciences

Novel Chicken Feed with a Cocktail of Bacteriocins and Phytobiotics

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Phyto-Nutra, a healthy, safe, organic, nutritious, antibiotic-free chicken feed formulation for healthy humans by Dr. Alice Nabatanzi, Senior Lecturer, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), funded by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF), Kampala, East Africa.

By Dr. Alice Nabatanzi

Due to the frequent use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of poultry by Ugandan farmers, antibiotic resistance is on the rise. This has resulted in an outbreak of poultry and human diseases in addition to drug residues in chicken meat being consumed by the majority of Ugandans. Thus, “If you are eating chicken daily then you could be at a high risk.” These residues have spilled into the environment and also contaminated the food for the indigenous free-range chicken which people thought were safer to eat. Interestingly, some consumers think cooking chicken can reduce antibiotic residue levels, but it does not completely remove them. Boiling or frying chicken can cause antibiotic residues to migrate into the cooking liquid, but they don’t guarantee full degradation or elimination.

Looking at the situation at hand, I went back to our indigenous knowledge systems in a quest to formulate an organic poultry feed since natural solutions have proven safer, effective, and sustainable. But remember, to break the cycle or solve any problem, we have to start from the roots and this is by improving the diet for our poultry and ruling out the use of conventional antibiotics. Thus, I went ahead to investigate natural bacteriocins and phytobiotics which I integrated into a special feed for chicken. In addition to the feed is a probiotic solution for gut health.

Phyto-Nutra pellets and their packaging. Dr. Alice Nabatanzi, Senior Lecturer, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) with her Phyto-Nutra chicken feed formulation.
Phyto-Nutra pellets and their packaging.

Special thanks to the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF) for funding this research to prototypes.

Dr. Alice Nabatanzi, Senior Lecturer, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) with her Phyto-Nutra chicken feed formulation.
Phyto-Nutra pellets and booster in their packaging.

Soon we will commence bulk processing and take the feed to the market but before that, we will scientifically validate the feed through efficiency testing in comparison with imported feeds and Uganda-produced feeds. Furthermore, we will produce different feeds to meet the needs of the different types of chicken (broilers, layers, dual-purpose). This will put our product in a better place on the market and also be able to convince our customers with concrete scientific evidence. In addition, we want to change the mindsets of the majority of Ugandans, especially poultry farmers, and let them understand that Organic poultry farming is the best as it results in quality meat, quality eggs, quality fertilizer, and more returns/ profits.

Phyto-Nutra, a healthy, safe, organic, nutritious, antibiotic-free chicken feed formulation for healthy humans by Dr. Alice Nabatanzi, Senior Lecturer, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), funded by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF), Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. Alice Nabatanzi.

In conclusion, we need to embrace our indigenous systems and remember that once we were healthier without cancer, strange disease conditions, and rampant fertility issues. This is majorly because we consumed clean food as opposed to now where our food is highly contaminated with drug residues.

Dr. Alice Nabatanzi is a Senior Lecturer in the College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), Makerere University

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