Business & Management
Academicians Retooled on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA)
By Jane Anyango
Over 30 members of the academia comprising staff and graduate students from Makerere University School of Economics, Muni University and Makerere University Business School on 28th September, 2021 converged for a training on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA).
The blended seminar held physically and virtually was organized by the Environment for Development Initiative (EfD-Mak) Centre facilitated by the Makerere University don, who is also Research Fellow at the EfD-Mak center and Fulbright Scholar Dr. Nickolas Kilimani.
Dr. Kilimani streamed live from the USA on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting focusing on the Integrated Water Resources Management, Policy Analysis and Decision making.
Dr. Kilimani highlighted the recent developments in Environmental-Economic Accounting in Uganda, the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting and its objectives, Water resources accounting modules and the role of Water Accounting in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).
Dr. Kilimani observed that the national economic policy has been underpinned by macroeconomic theory and the necessary statistics are collected and arranged using the System of National Accounts (SNA) which covers all economic activity from production to consumption and accumulation, and all industries using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the key indicator.
He noted that the basic theoretical foundation of the SNA has not changed since 1953 even with the detail that has evolved with technological, economic and social change adding that, for more than 70 years, governments and business have used the information from the SNA as an information source in economic analysis and policy.
“The SNA does not adequately account for the environment and yet economic activity can adversely drive both observed and unobserved changes in it. The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) aims to address the deficiency of the traditional national accounting (the SNA) by accounting for the environment and linking it to environmental information through common concepts, definitions and classifications” Dr. Kilimani stated.
Compared to the SNA, Kilimani said, the SEEA is not yet widely used in decision making, partly because, it has recently been adopted as an international standard.
Dr. Kilimani said the objectives of SEEA are to develop a consistent data system for economic and environmental data and provide a common system to derive indicators and measure sustainable development.
He explained that the SEEA provides a better measure of national wealth to include not only produced capital but also natural capital, and assesses availability of natural resources, their use in production and final consumption and the cost of depletion. In addition Kilimani said, SEEA assess the level and cost of emissions and other waste from production and consumption and identifies monetary flows related to the environment which are already within the SNA (e.g., expenditures on environmental protection, environmental taxes and subsidies,etc.)
Dr. Kilimani underscored the role of Water Accounting in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) noting that the growing pressure on water resources and high uncertainty on future water availability have caused the urgent need for better planning and management.
He emphasized that water is not only essential to cover basic needs for humans and the environment that underpins them, it is also a key factor for the economic development of diverse sectors with conflicting interests as regard to its use.
“The IWRM paradigm is considered a good approach to deal with those complexities. It proposes a coordinated utilization of water and land resources to support economic and social development without compromising environmental sustainability.
It recognizes that water management is a key aspect since human intervention is the trigger for all trade-offs and conflicts around water. IWRM highlights the influence of catchment management on water resources quantity and quality, as well as the need to preserve the natural capital for future generations.” He added.
Dr. Kilimani said Water management is considered a social, economic, and political issue rather than just technical and therefore, stakeholder involvement in water management is needed and this translates into legal requirements for public participation and transparency in water governance.
“The value of water, the opportunity costs of its allocation, or the costs of making it available should be known and recognized in order to incentivize water use efficiency. The implementation of those legal requirements calls for making information about water publicly available in a clear and accessible way. In this sense, water accounting emerges as a useful tool to promote efficiency and transparency in water resource planning and management”, Kilimani stated.
The current and proposed framework for IWRM in Uganda
Dr. Kilimani said the existing institutional and policy framework shows the multiple institutions charged with the management of water resources in Uganda, but, there is a need for an explicit connection between water sector policies and those of the social-economic sectors, since water resources are a key input into the country’s economic and social sectors.
“The institutional framework in Uganda, provides for a key component such as Water for Production. Institutions in charge of managing the productive sectors of the economy, i.e., MoFPED, (MAAIF), and the MTTI need to link their development plans and policies with those of the water sector. A sound national water policy should relate the different development plans of the social-economic sectors in an explicit manner”. Kilimani said.
In the (2015) paper, Dr. Kilimani and other researchers proposed a framework for policy analysis which relates the development plans for the different social-economic sectors to those of the water sector.
This framework he said is aimed at providing policy analysis of IWRM in a typical economy by linking e.g., agriculture, industry, households, hydro-electricity and navigation which are key sectors that primarily depend on water.
The don explained that development plans in these sectors involve several policy variables and inputs. Therefore, the interaction between the policy variables and their impacts are monitored through multiple indicators in the social-economic and ecological domains.
“Given the multiplicity of variables, the SEEA framework uses aggregated water data as do the existing approaches for analyzing the associated policy impacts.
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models also use aggregation and hierarchical decomposition in order to simplify model development and data compression to manageable sizes.
While the aggregation hides some of the temporal and spatial variability, it still preserves the fundamental trends that help to provide needed answers by policy-makers”, Kilimani said.
SEEA, a new area of interest to academicians and the Government of Government
The Director EfD-Mak Center Prof. Edward Bbaale described the seminar as the most exciting because it brought on board a new area which is of interest to the Government of Uganda.
Prof. Bbaale said, Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the National Planning Authority and other partners are trying to work on the system of Environmental-Economic Accounting away from the conventional system of National Accounting.
“Our System of National Accounting is deficient in incorporating Environmental aspects because as we produce and consume, then in one way or another, we are depleting the environment which we refer to as natural capital and this natural capital is all the time depreciating but there is no way in our conventional GDP measurements that, but now, this new system is solution to this”, Prof. Bbaale stated.
From the academic perspective, Prof. Bbaale commended the facilitator for showing participants how to undertake the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting and ably bringing participants on board in terms of the key variables that are important in this new system specific to the water sector.
The Director appreciated Dr. Kilimani for exposing participants to the policy, non-policy and the output variables and giving tips on some methods such as the Computable general equilibrium (CGE) which can be utilized to understand the impact of a policy decision on the rest of the economy in terms of the social, economic and environmental outcome.
“The lesson here is that we need to invest our time into understanding this new System of Environmental-Economic Accounting as a way of incorporating new ventures in our research as economists and academicians. And to our graduate students, this is an area worthy of investing their time and I am glad that a number of graduate students attended this seminar”, Prof. Edward Bbaale said.
Prof. Bbaale said, a number of reports are already out and that SEEA is an area which is very virgin, where very limited research has been undertaken partly because of lack of numbers that incorporate the environment into the entire national analysis.
“But now, some strides have been taken, some milestones are being achieved and if our own, Dr. Nickolas Kilimani with a Fulbright Scholar in the US is having all these on his fingertips, it is a huge resource to Makerere University, to our country and it is a starting point of deeper analysis into how the environment is being affected when we are doing our production and consumption activities”, Prof. Bbaale said.
He reported that the seminar was quite intriguing and important for national policy and pledged to arrange to involve policy makers from the Ministry of Water and Environment and the National Water and Sewerage Corporation in the next seminar.
Participants comment on the seminar
Makerere University PhD student from the School of Economics Alex Aliga, who is also a lecturer at Muni University Uganda said the seminar was timely.
“It has enriched many of the things that I had learnt in class and I had taken for granted. The System of Environment and Economic Analysis though new is very important and interesting because once you begin to understand Natural Resource Accounting and integrate it into GDP, then we get to understand the full value of our resources. In that case, it means that we may actually be richer than what we thought we are. Some of these things are not easy to bring to the GDP which is the measure of our national economy.
I got many lessons; – understanding how you can apply the theoretical things into practical and to influence policy is very important for our country. Given the fact that our resources are under attack, climatic change and environmental issues are real, we need this knowledge so as to be able to sustainably use our resources for a better future”, Mr. Aliga said.
Dr. Paul Edabu, a Senior Lecturer at Muni University said:
“The day’s seminar was an eye opener to the current situation in Uganda bearing in mind that we have two blocks of people who are in accounts and economics and there is no integration even in our ministries.
Our country is at a paradox, today people are restricted to cut trees from the forests and also carrying out farming in the wetlands and the next day, a factory is erected in the wetland. This seminar is timely and something I had yearned to learn because it incorporates the environment as a key resource into the national accounting system”, Dr. Edabu commented.
SEEA and the Government of Uganda
Government of Uganda (GoU) is moving towards resource-led industrialization by developing a set of natural capital accounts under the Uganda Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) program. The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), National Development Plan, and Uganda Green Growth Development Strategy (UGGDS) recognize the challenges of development planning without accounting for its effect on natural resources, many of which are non-renewable.
In cognizance of the above, GoU with her development partner UNEP with its World Conservation Monitoring Centre arm is working with the Darwin Initiative to develop Natural Capital Accounts for Uganda.
The project is aligned with existing initiatives on natural capital accounting, i.e., the Gaborone Declaration for Sustainable Development in Africa, the UN project on Natural Capital Accounting, and the World Bank Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services programme.
The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Ministry of Water and Environment, and Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development commenced with the development of land accounts and Water accounts in 2019. Under the NCA program, the country launched the Wood Asset and Forest Resources Accounts.
Natural Capital Accounting effort is based on the international statistical standard, System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA).
Jane Anyango is the Principal Communication Officer, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES)
KAMPALA, Uganda | July 16, 2025. The Director of the Environment for Development Initiative–Makerere University Centre (EfD-Mak), Prof. Edward Bbaale, outlined key achievements, challenges, and future plans during the 2nd Advisory Board Meeting held at Makerere University with members calling for expanded scope and sustainable funding for the center’s activities.
The Advisory Board comprises 13 members drawn from Makerere University, government ministries and agencies, civil society, and the private sector. The Board’s role is to provide oversight and strategic guidance to EfD-Mak.
The EfD-Mak Centre is part of the global Environment for Development (EfD) network, comprising 15 research centers worldwide. It aims to promote evidence-based environmental policy through interdisciplinary research, academic training, and stakeholder engagement.
Addressing the board, Prof. Bbaale highlighted the center’s progress since its inception in 2019, including impactful policy engagement, capacity-building programs, and pioneering research in environmental economics.
“Our journey started in Vietnam when Makerere University was formally admitted into the EfD network. Since then, we’ve worked toward a mission of promoting inclusive growth and environmental sustainability,” said Prof. Bbaale.
Chaired by Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Makerere’s Academic Registrar and Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), the meeting also welcomed the new Deputy Director of EfD-Mak, Dr. Alice Turinawe, who replaces Prof. Johnny Mugisha.
Prof. Bbaale reported significant growth in research output, including over 150 publications and collaborations with national and international bodies such as the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), the National Planning Authority, and the Ministry of Finance. The center is currently implementing projects on forestry, climate finance, and sustainable agriculture with partners across Uganda and the wider EfD global network.
The center’s interdisciplinary approach, drawing researchers from the Colleges of Business and Agricultural Sciences, was praised for its alignment with Makerere’s research strategy.
Notably, the center has launched a new Master’s in Economic Investment Modeling, designed to integrate climate variables and natural capital into macroeconomic frameworks. “This is a timely addition as the world looks for tools to understand the economic impact of climate change,” said Bbaale.
The center has intensified policy engagements through dialogues and training programs for government officials, focusing on environmental valuation, energy transitions, and macroeconomic modeling. The Inclusive Green Economy (IGE) program, funded by SIDA, has trained senior policymakers across East Africa on sustainable finance and green transition strategies.
EfD-Mak also played a role in shaping Uganda’s National Development Plan IV, with several fellows contributing to mainstreaming environmental concerns such as clean cooking and e-mobility.
“We were proud to be recognized as a runner-up globally for policy influence on clean cooking,” Bbaale noted, adding that Makerere’s visibility within the EfD network and international platforms continues to grow.
Despite the progress, Prof. Bbaale cautioned against over-reliance on a single funder, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), stating that diversified funding is essential for sustainability.
“While SIDA remains our main supporter, we recognize that this model is not sustainable in the long term,” he said, urging the board to support efforts to secure institutional status for the center within the university’s research policy framework.
For 2025, EfD-Mak will focus on climate-smart agriculture as a thematic policy dialogue and strengthen its footprint in local government engagement. A grant targeting environmental valuation at the local level and a new project on macroeconomic modeling for climate resilience are expected to launch.
Prof. Bbaale also cited a clean audit and positive external evaluation as indicators of the center’s strong governance and operational efficiency.
Quoting Pope Francis, he closed with a warning on the urgency of environmental action: “God always forgives. Men sometimes forgive. But nature never forgives.”
Board Chairperson Calls for Stronger Alignment with SDGs and Inclusivity in Research Programs
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Chairperson of the Advisory Board called for deeper integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), inclusivity, and results-based reporting in the Centre’s research and academic programs.
Prof. Buyinza congratulated the EfD-Mak team led by Director Prof. Edward Bbaale on their notable achievements across academic training, research, and policy engagement.
“We want to congratulate you and your entire team for all the academic and impact achievements you have made,” Prof. Buyinza said. “You can clearly see the success at the academic training level, at the research level, and policy engagement. These are strong pillars of your program.”
However, the Chairperson emphasized the need to explicitly link the Centre’s work to Uganda’s national development agenda and global frameworks.
“What we want to see more of in future presentations is a clear connection to the Sustainable Development Goals,” he said. “Any investment going into research or human capital development must be traceable to the SDGs and the National Development Plan. This is essential, especially when responding to expectations from institutions like the National Planning Authority.”
Prof. Buyinza also urged the Centre to enhance inclusivity in its fellowship and research programs by targeting underrepresented groups, including students and researchers with special needs.
“You are doing well with your agenda and research priorities, but now it is time to move further toward inclusivity,” he said. “Let’s also see data on gender representation and the involvement of individuals with special needs. That would reflect equitable capacity development.”
He applauded the Centre’s results-based management approach and its focus on tangible outcomes. “I’m happy you did not dwell on challenges,” he added. “It shows maturity and strategic focus.”
Prof. Buyinza concluded by inviting reflections from other board members on areas where the Centre could improve, encouraging a collaborative approach to continuous development.
Board Members Call for Stronger Private Sector Links, Local Engagement, and Global Positioning for EfD-Mak Centre
Members of the Advisory Board for the Environment for Development Initiative praised the Centre’s achievements in research and policy influence but called for greater integration with the private sector, deeper engagement with local development initiatives, and enhanced visibility on the global stage.
Several board members shared constructive feedback following a presentation by the Centre’s Director, Prof. Edward Bbaale, outlining the Centre’s milestones and strategic direction.
Julius Byaruhanga representing the Private Sector Foundation Uganda (PSFU), applauded the Centre for bridging the gap between academia and policymaking but urged for a similar approach with the private sector.
“Much of the research generated in academia doesn’t speak to private sector investment,” Byaruhanga said. “We need partnerships that show how climate and energy research can guide private sector financing, especially around energy efficiency.”
He proposed collaboration between EfD-Mak and PSFU in energy efficiency and policy advocacy, noting PSFU’s experience with several donor-funded projects and its role as the apex body influencing government policy on behalf of the business community.
Onesmus Mugyenyi, from acivil society organisation, emphasized the need for coordination among actors working on similar thematic issues, especially in policy advocacy.
“When we don’t coordinate, we duplicate efforts and end up with incomplete or stuck projects,” Mugyenyi said. “Mapping stakeholders and integrating practitioners into training would greatly enhance both policy impact and student learning.”
He also stressed sustainability and advised leveraging the Board’s networks to support resource diversification and long-term institutionalisation of the Centre’s initiatives.
Dr. Sam Mugume, representing the Ministry of Finance, recognized the Centre’s contribution to national capacity building, particularly in climate finance and macroeconomic modeling.
“You’re doing important work,” Mugume said. “But we now need to scale up and integrate your training and modeling capacity into broader macroeconomic planning for climate resilience, both nationally and at the African continental level.”
He noted the Ministry’s current engagement with a coalition of African finance ministers on climate action, urging the Centre to establish itself as a key academic partner in that process.
Apollo Kagwa, from the National Planning Authority (NPA), commended the Centre for its academic rigor but highlighted the need for grassroots relevance.
“EfD-Mak still operates at a high level,” Kagwa observed. “We need to bring its research down to address real issues in communities—how does it inform programs like the Parish Development Model (PDM)?”
He proposed the Centre tap into government consultancy opportunities and leverage alumni networks to generate internal revenue. Kagwa also encouraged participation in global climate policy spaces, such as the upcoming COP meeting in Brazil, and to develop capacity in climate economics.
Chairperson Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi welcomed the feedback and praised board members for offering actionable insights.
“These are excellent observations,” Prof. Buyinza said. “The next phase must involve deepening our links with the private sector, coordinating better with government and civil society actors, and preparing to expand our impact from local to global levels.”
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda.
Business & Management
Makerere’s PIM Centre Concludes Training on Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI)
July 11, 2025 | Jinja, Uganda
The Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence at Makerere University successfully concluded a two-week training on the Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) – Integrated Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, equipping 34 economists from various Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) with critical policy evaluation and fiscal analysis skills.
The closing ceremony, held at the Pearl on the Nile Hotel in Jinja on July 11, 2025, marked a significant milestone in Uganda’s public finance management reform agenda. Participants received certificates in recognition of their commitment and newly acquired competencies under the revised Guidelines for Financial Clearance, which took effect on July 1, 2025.
Commissioner Paul Mwanja, who represented the Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury, officiated the ceremony. In his remarks, he commended participants for their dedication despite the demanding timing, coinciding with the financial year-end and the launch of the Fourth National Development Plan (NDP IV). He emphasized that the training comes at a critical moment as Uganda enters a growth-focused fiscal year and prepares for the 2026 general elections.
“The Revised Guidelines for Financial Clearance mark a paradigm shift towards a more data-driven, transparent, and inclusive approach to policy and legislative evaluation,” Mwanja stated. “You are the first wave of reformers. Go back as champions, create demand for quality analysis, and drive the change we want to see.”
The CFI training was designed to deepen participants’ ability to assess the financial and economic implications of government proposals, identify potential winners and losers, and design safeguards for vulnerable groups. It also aims to strengthen MDAs’ capacity to prepare their own Statements of Financial Implications and align with Regulatory Impact Assessments.
Representing the PIM Centre, Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu, Dean of the School of Economics at Makerere University, lauded the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) for its foresight in establishing the Centre in 2023. He described the training as a powerful response to Uganda’s triple policy challenge: scale, scarcity, and speed.
“This certificate program doesn’t just teach you to ask if a project is beneficial,” Prof. Okumu said. “It trains you to assess whether it is beneficial, affordable, and resilient in real-world fiscal contexts. That is how we build trust in public spending and deliver smarter infrastructure, services, and jobs.”
Prof. Okumu also charged graduates to apply their skills at project, portfolio, and policy levels—prioritizing value for money, institutionalizing evidence-based decision-making, and mentoring future cohorts. “Go forth and make every shilling count,” he concluded.
The Ministry announced that the next CFI training cohort will commence in August 2025, as part of a nationwide rollout to ensure all government institutions are staffed with analysts capable of implementing these reforms. The long-term goal is to establish a government-wide foundation of professionals committed to fiscal discipline, data integrity, and evidence-based policymaking.
The event closed with optimism and a renewed commitment to strengthening Uganda’s public finance systems through knowledge, rigor, and reform-minded leadership.
Business & Management
School of Business Conducts Strategic Leadership Training for Makerere University Managers
Makerere University School of Business under the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) is conducting a five-day strategic leadership training for the first cohort of University managers.
The Executive training (7th to 11th July 2025) for middle and top level managers seeks to foster leadership capacity in line with the University’s strategic goals. The participants nominated from the different units within the University include: Deputy Principals, Deans, Heads of Departments, and Heads of sections in Administrative Units.
The Strategic Leadership course covers critical areas such as Strategic leadership overview and contemporary issues, Driving strategic leadership to promote organizational performance and success, Leading people in Organizations, Organizational culture and productivity, Strategic Communication, and Organizational change and development.
The course is delivered by seasoned facilitators from the School of Business, the private sector, industry and business community namely Associate Prof. James Wokadala, Associate Prof. Godfrey Akileng, Dr. Martin Bakundana, Dr. Sam Eyamu, Dr. S.B. Wanyama, Ms. Irene Nayera, Mr. Henry Rugamba, and Mr. Ronald Bbosa.
Addressing the participants, the Dean-School of Business, Associate Prof. Godfrey Akileng pointed out that learning was a continuous process, stating that the training was aimed at fostering professional leadership development and lifelong learning.
He elaborated that the training brings on board university leaders who are entrusted with managing people. Emphasizing that people are the most important resource in an organization/institution, the Dean highlighted the need to train and equip those managing offices, with strategic leadership knowledge, skills and values.
Unpacking the concepts of leadership and management, Associate Prof. Akileng revealed that most organizations need leaders, and not managers. In light of this, he stated that most business schools in the world were emphasizing leadership more than management. He explained the paradigm shift from traditional management practices to leadership-focused training, with a special call to leaders to always adapt and navigate complex organizational environments.
The Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences, Prof. Edward Bbaale, represented by the Deputy Principal-Associate Prof. James Wokadala underscored the College’s pivotal role as a hub of excellence in Business, Economics, and Management. The Principal highlighted the growing significance of strategic leadership in today’s academic and professional landscapes, noting that even seasoned leaders must continue evolving in their leadership practices.
Sharing his lived experience, Associate Prof. James Wokadala, disclosed that a significant number of people entrusted with offices or managerial positions fear to make decisions. “One of key challenges faced by several organisations and universities is the fear by leaders and managers to take bold decisions. To address this challenge, this strategic leadership training conducted by the School of Business has been designed to empower you, with knowledge and skills in strategic decision making,” he stated.
The Coordinator of Partnerships and Collaboration, Dr. Martin Bakundana highlighted the importance of the program in developing leadership skills in a dynamic business environment. He acknowledged the growing relevance of leadership concepts such as transformational and thought leadership.
“We are at a turning point in the world of leadership, and it is essential for Makerere University to prepare its leaders for the challenges ahead,” Dr. Bakundana said. He encouraged participants to engage with the support team throughout the training, reinforcing the collaborative nature of leadership development. Dr. Bakundana is a Lecturer in the Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business, at the College of Business and Management Sciences.
The remarks from the aforementioned University officials, set the pace for the training sessions. The first day featured two topics: Strategic Leadership Overview and contemporary issues by Associate Prof. Godfrey Akileng, and Driving Strategic Leadership to promote Organizational performance and success by Dr. Sam Eyamu.
Presenting the Strategic Leadership overview and contemporary issues, Associate Prof. Akileng tackled the following: The concept of change and the need to adapt, disruption being the new normal, strategic leadership styles, strategic leadership skills, as well as the principles of strategic leadership.
He kicked off his presentation by a powerful quote that enabled the audience to understand and appreciate the current business terrain. “We stand on the brink of technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, relate to one another. In its scale, scope and complexity, the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before,” Klaus Schwab Founder and Executive Chairman World Economic Forum.
Associate Prof. Akileng stated that change is a fact that is inevitable in our lives, with the landscape in which we work, constantly changing. He mentioned that organizations/institutions as well as Organizational settings do change, which necessitates leaders and staff to adapt to the trends by doing things differently. “I implore the leadership and staff to change the way they do things, if we are to survive,” he said.
Acknowledging that disruption is the new normal, he encouraged the participants to confront VUCA situations through strategic decision making. Coined in the early 2000’s, the military-derived an acronym-VUCA, which stands for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and, Ambiquity.
Cognizant that change is inevitable, and that VUCA situations are prevailing in most organizations and business settings, Associate Prof. Akileng introduced the different strategic leadership styles namely transformative, visionary, transactional, and collaborative. He challenged the participants to apply the best leadership style or a blend of them.
For instance, Associate Prof. Akileng advised the middle and top level managers to utilize the collaborative leadership style when marketing a brilliant idea or an innovation. “You must work with others or behind the scenes to ensure that those in authority understand and support your idea.”
Drawing on lessons from past industrial revolutions, Associate Prof. Akileng emphasized that embracing technological advancements is critical for staying relevant. “History shows us that industries that failed to adapt to new technologies inevitably failed to compete,” he remarked.
Specific to education, he explained that COVID-19 disrupted teaching and learning. He added that most of the Universities in Africa that were pre-dominantly delivering lectures through physical interaction had to change and adapt to the terms and conditions dictated by the new normal. Universities embraced blended learning in order to overcome the disruption that threatened their comfort zones and preferred way of doing things.
He cited Makerere University, which deployed a blend of transformative, participant, and collaborative strategic leadership styles to rejuvenate its online learning systems/platforms. The Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), the College of Education and External Studies through its Institute of Open, Distance and e-Learning (IODel) worked with Colleges and the Directorate of ICT Support services (DICTS) to bring on board academic staff.
The Dean, School of Business indicated that the new normal in university education involves integration of online teaching, digital pedagogies, artificial intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR) in teaching and learning, research and community engagements.
He called upon the participants to take into account the following strategic leadership skills: Foresight, curiosity, decisiveness, active listening, communication and diplomacy. He stressed that active listening is a key skill for a strategic leader.
Tackling the principles of Strategic leadership, the Dean-School of Business pointed out that strategic leaders are always on the top. He added that strategic leaders are innovative individuals, who are always pushing through brilliant ideas.
He notified the participants that strategic leaders take on the format of an eagle. “You must have a great vision with ability to navigate stormy turbulence, exhibit fearlessness, take the initiative, and have a high sense of self determination.”
Presenting to the participants, Dr. Sam Eyamu, from School of Entrepreneurship and Management at Kyambogo University, provided insights into strategic leadership with an emphasis on organizational performance. He defined leadership as the ability to create a lasting legacy through collaboration. “Effective leadership inspires and unites teams, ensuring that their collective efforts have a long-term impact,” he said.
Dr. Eyamu guided that strategic leaders must work with others, be able to influence, and must create change. He articulated that strategic leaders should embrace Artificial Intelligence (AI). He advised university leaders and staff to accept that AI is the new normal, and work together to come up with policies and approaches on the integration of AI in the university systems and processes.
He added that strategic leaders should be resilient with ability to survive and lead the team to the desired goal. He called upon the participants to set goals, use key performance indicators, come up with work plans, score cards, and among other methods that measure performance. He introduced several tools designed to align strategy with performance, including the Balanced Scorecard, Objectives and Key Results (OKRs). Dr. Eyamu disclosed that celebrating small successes can accumulate into significant organizational momentum.
Dr. Eyamu highlighted two distinct leadership approaches: Rapid Fire Leadership, which encourages trying multiple strategies quickly and the Sniper Leadership that focuses on a more deliberate and calculated approach.
He argued that both approaches are valid depending on the available resources, with resilience and persistence being key to success in either model. He also emphasized the importance of clear strategic direction, ensuring that all team members understand their roles in achieving organizational goals.
Additionally, Dr. Eyamu stressed the critical importance of performance measurement tools, such as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), work plans, and the Balanced Scorecard, to track progress toward strategic goals. He introduced performance dashboards, which provide real-time data, and benchmarking, which allows organizations to compare their performance with industry best practices.
Dr. Eyamu introduced the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework, which balances social impact, environmental sustainability, and financial performance. He said that organizations must take a holistic approach to success, considering more than just the financial outcomes.
Presenting the practical tips for success, he encouraged the participants to; adopt a performance measurement framework and tool, foster and reward a culture of accountability and results, lead by example, be transparent by ensuring a consensual decision-making process, and empower team members through delegation of duties and trusting them to deliver.
The first day of the Strategic Leadership Training ignited the strategic leadership potential of the participants, which involves getting out of the comfort and safe zone, to champion the transformation at the institutional or Unit levels. The University leaders and participants in general, were encouraged to take charge by being alert, studying the times and trends, as well as coming up with innovations and strategies to create a positive difference.
The Strategic Leadership Training was moderated by Dr. Martin Bakundana-Coordinator of Partnerships and Collaboration assisted by Ms. Ritah Namisango-Principal Communication Officer.
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