Education
EBoML Project Proves Boda-Boda Riders Can Learn on the go
Enhancing Behavioural Change of Boda-Boda Riders in Uganda Using Mobile Learning (EBoML) is a three-year project initially funded for one year by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF). The goal of EBoML is to professionalise the Boda-Boda industry in Uganda using Mobile Learning (mLearning) for positive behavioural change of Boda-Boda riders. The project is being implemented in partnership with the Ministry of Works and Transport (MoWT), Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD) and Boda-Boda riders from the two pilot districts of Wakiso and Namayingo.
Speaking at the EBoML Research Dissemination Workshop held on Friday 28th May 2021, the Deputy Principal, College of Education and External Studies (CEES) and EBoML Principal Investigator (PI) Dr. Paul Birevu Muyinda noted that although the Boda-Boda industry employs more than 50% of youth, it lacks order, the riders have limited or no savings and they face a myriad of health risks.
Furthermore, riders by the “nomadic” nature of their work cannot be gathered into the organised classroom settings and given one-off training on behavioural change. The solution; take learning to the beneficiaries wherever they are, provided they have a smartphone and an internet connection.
“We therefore developed a multimedia-based Positive Behavioural Change virtual mLearning Environment (PBC-mLE) for self-paced and/or assisted lifelong learning in; safe-driving principles, health-living and entrepreneurship” remarked Dr. Birevu.
The PBC-mLE was then rolled-out in the pilot districts, evaluated and the purpose of the dissemination workshop was to present findings from that exercise.
Presenting findings from the Entrepreneurship Module, Mr. Turyakira Nazarius shared that the majority of Boda-boda riders (83%) knew the importance of saving and 69% were in the habit of saving regularly, with only 5% admitting to never having saved. The majority (40%) preferred to save with the Boda-Boda scheme, while a third (33%) opted to keep their savings in a secret location at home. 14% saved with a bank, 8% saved with a trusted person and 5% used other undeclared methods.
Further analysis revealed that solving daily household demands and paying school fees at 22% each accounted for the largest expenditure of savings. These were followed by buying household assets and caring for parents at 16% each, servicing loans (7%) and other expenditures (17%).
The Boda-Boda riders were also asked to share the most important skills they would wish to acquire. At 26%, the need for skills on how to secure more capital topped the riders aspirations. This was followed by basic knowledge about the Boda-Boda business at 22%, Marketing at 19% and Customer care at 16%. Record keeping accounted for 13% of the responses while 4% aspired to learn other skills in areas such treating cattle diseases.
At the end of the entrepreneurship module, riders were expected to know; the different ways of saving, the different types of businesses, good customer care practices and how to use savings from Boda-Boda riding to start up another business.
“Being a service industry, good or bad hygiene impacts directly on the riders’ lives and those of their customers thereby having an impact on the business” remarked team member, Ms. Lillian Mbabazi from the Department of Performing Arts and Film (PAF) as she presented findings from the Health and Safe-Living Module.
Findings revealed that 66% of Boda-Boda riders acquire health information from their fellow riders or friends, 51% from healthcare providers and 50% from family or the mass media. Other riders reported that they secure information from; health outreaches, social media, school or classes, herbalists, the internet and other sources.
A number of health issues were reported to impact the lives of Boda-Boda riders. Accidental injury, hygiene and substance abuse had the highest recorded impact at 80%, 44% and 42% respectively. Additionally, intentional injury and violence accounted for 38%, unwanted pregnancy and parenting-28.7%, Sexual health-27% and obesity-11%.
Boda-Boda riders reported a number of barriers they faced in accessing healthcare. These, in order of priority included; high costs, long waiting lists, embarrassment, lack of knowledge, long distances to facilities, time constraints and language barrier among others.
Furthermore, healthy eating, emergency services and dental services at 53%, 52% and 45% respectively were reported by the riders as aspects of healthcare that lacked sufficient information. Others reported were; mental health, prolonged disease or condition management, education about physical activity, primary health care, substance abuse and treatment, and reproductive health.
Boda-Boda riders when not on the move are usually stationed at designated stages. Under personal and workplace hygiene, only 30% of riders reported that they had access to running water for handwashing. Additionally, while 83% of riders admitted to bathing three or more times a week, 6% said they bathed only once a week. On the bright side, 39% of the riders admitted to bathing twice a day.
In terms of risky sexual behaviour, whereas 65.7% of the riders reported that they had sex with one to two sexual partners in the past 12 months, 23% had engaged in sex with three or more women in the same period. On an alarming note, 57% of the riders reported that they did not use a condom in the past six months prior to the survey.
Engaging with multiple sexual partners is a high-risk sexual behavior especially in the absence of condom use. The researchers therefore sought to find out the number of women impregnated by the riders in the last twelve months. Whereas the majority (53%) reported that they hadn’t impregnated any women in the period, 36% had impregnated one, 6% two, 4% three and 1% four or more.
Further examination of the relationship between riders and the women revealed that whereas 35% had impregnated their wives and 5% their girlfriends, disturbingly, 1% had impregnated a student and another 1% a stranger. 4% admitted to impregnating a girl/woman who was neither a wife, nor a girlfriend, nor a student, nor a stranger. The majority (54%) opted not to state their relationship with the woman they impregnated.
Transactional sex between Boda-Boda riders and clients who fail to pay cash for their trips has often been talked about but with no figures of its extent. Findings from the EBoML team revealed that whereas 88% of Boda-Boda riders reported that they do not engage in transactional sex, 12% admitted to engaging in the practice.
Away from the health and safe-living, the third and final module on Safe-Driving revealed that 63% of Boda-Boda riders sampled had less than five years of riding experience. Nevertheless, 12% admitted to having more than ten years of riding experience and the rest (25%) had six to ten years of experience.
Adulthood is a regulatory requirement for operation of motor vehicles because maturity is considered a critical factor for decision making. The project therefore sought to ascertain at what age the riders first operated a motorcycle. Whereas the majority of riders (84.6%) said that they were 18 years and above at the point of first riding, 6.8% admitted to have started riding while still below 18 years of age. 8.6% of respondents said they were more than 30 years of age at their first riding attempt.
A driving permit is a legal requirement for every Boda-Boda rider. That notwithstanding, only 13% of respondents were in possession of a driving permit, with the majority (87%) having never acquired one. A further analysis of the reasons as to why riders didn’t possess permits revealed the expense involved as the biggest deterrent at 75%. Others reasons cited were; ability to freely ride without a permit (34%), ignorance of permit acquisition procedures (43%) and no time to process the permit (10%). Despite not possessing driving permits, 90% of Boda-Boda riders claimed to know the rules governing the road usage.
The pilot also sought to determine the leading causes of Boda-Boda accidents. Crossing animals at 43.5% were cited as the leading cause, followed by over speeding and other motorists/Boda-Boda riders at 41.5% and 30.5% respectively. Other causes cited included; poor mechanical condition of motorcycles, struggling for passengers with peers, overloading, excitement during celebrations, drink driving and other causes at 21.5%, 16%, 15.5%, 11%, 8.5% and 6.5% respectively.
In terms of training needs under this module, the majority (66%) of riders required training in basic mechanics to help reduce their expenses at the garage. Additionally, 65% required training in road safety while 4% preferred training in both defensive driving and understanding road signs.
The dissemination workshop would have been incomplete without feedback from the project beneficiaries. Speaking on behalf of the Boda-Boda riders, Mr. Ayebazibwe Rogers and Mr. Alibe Jonathan both based in Wakiso District thanked the EBoML team for according them the opportunity to access lifelong learning without interrupting their work schedules. The riders highlighted some of the valuable lessons learnt in each module as;
Under the Entrepreneurship Module:
- How best to start up a small scale business alongside the Boda-Boda job
- Importance of saving money even the least earnings and why one should save
- Customer care
- How to deal with losses
- Book keeping
- Good work ethics and appreciating the value of work
Under the Safe-Driving Module:
- Importance of the wearing helmets and protective gear
- Defensive driving
- Simple mechanics
- Importance of road signs and colour codes
- Smartness and presentability
- Road use in consideration of other road users
Under the Health and Safe-Living Module:
- How to avoid use of drugs and narcotics
- How to avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
- Healthy dieting
- Good personal hygiene
- A health body is the primary tool of work
- A healthy rider attracts more customers
The riders’ representatives nevertheless asked that the learning materials be adapted into simpler English and make use videos/illustrations that are relevant to the Ugandan setting.
In her remarks, Ms. Nazziwa Sharifah who represented the Permanent Secretary (PS), MoGLSD expressed her Ministry’s gratefulness at being part of the project. She said the Ministry under its Department of Occupational Safety and Health inspects workplaces for safety standards and investigates accidents, occupational diseases and dangerous occurrences. She noted that though informal, the Boda-Boda industry, was an asset to the National workforce.
“I therefore encourage Boda-Boda riders as assets in our workforce to always ensure that they wear their helmets and maintain good personal hygiene and health practices” she said.
Ms. Nazziwa reassured participants of of her Ministry’s readiness to protect the rights and safety of all workers, the majority of whom are youth. She equally recommended that since the majority of the Boda-Boda riders were either illiterate or semi-literate, the EBoML project should translate learning materials into local languages so as to reach more beneficiaries.
The MoGLSD representative also shared that the Green Jobs and Fair Labour Market Programme under her Ministry is tasked with, among other objectives, providing support to youth and women in form of affordable credit and grants at both individual and group levels. She therefore urged the Boda-Boda riders to always value their group schemes.
Representing the PS, MoWT, Mr. Bageya Waiswa, the Senior Road Safety Officer in the same ministry, Mr. Katunguka James commended CEES for the EBoML innovation that is going to tremendously address behavioural change among Boda-Boda riders and improve road safety. Pointing to the over 3,500 lives lost per year due to road traffic accidents, the PS said there was need for a multi-sectoral approach to influence the behaviour of road users in order for Uganda to achieve the 50% reduction in road traffic fatalities target by 2030.
“Riding competence and discipline is a key foundation for road safety that demonstrates the rider’s abilities to use the road without endangering his/her life or other road users” he explained.
He added that findings by the EBoML project findings would go a long way in helping Government to develop scientifically proven evidence-based interventions aimed at improving behavioural change of Boda-Boda riders in Uganda.
Mr. Bageya in his speech read verbatim by Mr. Katunguka equally pledged his Ministry’s support and continued partnership with CEES and promised that MoWT would spearhead the implementation of project findings.
He challenged every participant to play to play their part in sustainable road safety enhancement, concluding that “Road safety begins with you, with me and road safety is a shared responsibility.”
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Education
Makerere University Signs MoU with Fukui University to enhance Research, Teacher Development and STEM Education
Education
Makerere Vice Chancellor tasks CEES to re-position into Africa’s leading Centre for Graduate Training and Education Research
“Graduate Training, especially PhD production, is at the heart of Makerere University’s strategy for growth, national transformation and Africa’s development,” stated Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, the Vice Chancellor.
The Vice Chancellor made the pronouncement during his visit to the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) on Tuesday 16th June 2026. The meeting which started at 2:00pm, focused on strengthening graduate training and research at Makerere University, and positioning CEES as the leading centre for graduate training and educational research in Africa.
This discourse comes at a time when Pan-Africanists, the African Union, governments, universities and research institutions, are pushing for a more dominant role of Africa in global research and development. To realise this agenda, one of the key targets involves the training of 1 million PhDs in the next 10 years.
The strategic plan stipulates the transition of Makerere University into a research-led institution, a strategic direction that positions the University, to significantly contribute to Africa’s development and transformation through graduate training, research, innovations and community impact.
“Africa must train 1 million PhDs in the next 10 years. Makerere University must lead and make its impact. Graduate Training is our core strategy for the future. We must significantly increase graduate student numbers. We have the expertise and academic strength to train many more, with strict adherence to quality assurance and academic standards,” said the Vice Chancellor.
The Vice Chancellor’s engagement with faculty and staff on PhD training is focused on the need to consolidate the gains so far achieved. At the 76th graduation ceremony of Makerere University (24th to 27thFebruary 2026), a total of 213 students graduated with PhDs. Out of these, the College of Education and External Studies presented the highest number, a record 27 PhD graduates.
Acknowledging the positive contribution of CEES to PhD training, the Vice Chancellor’s engagement with the college leadership, faculty, researchers and staff was aimed at leveraging this strength to support higher education development in Africa.
At the College level, the meeting brought onboard, Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga-Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso-Deputy Principal, Associate Prof. Mathias Mulumba Bwanika, Dean-School of Education, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, Dean-School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Associate Prof. Jude Ssempebwa-Dean, East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, Heads of Departments, Teaching and Research Centres, Coordinators of Graduate Training, Senior faculty, researchers and staff.
At the University level, given the centrality of CEES to Makerere University’s mission of advancing knowledge, building capacity, and transforming lives, the meeting attracted the following University Officials who enriched the discourse on graduate training and research: Prof. Henry Alinaitwe- Deputy Vice Chancellor (Finance and Administration), Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi-Academic Registrar, Prof. Julius Kikooma-Director, Graduate Training, Prof. Robert Wamala-Director, Research, Innovations and Partnerships, Prof. Sylvia A.N. Nannyonga-Tamusuza-Head, Grants Administration and Management Support Unit (GAMSU), Associate Prof. William Tayeebwa-Managing Editor, Makerere University Press, Dr. Margaret Nagwovuma-representative from the Makerere University Technology and Innovation Centre, Prof. Fredrick Jones Muyodi-Head of the Makerere University Writing Centre, Mr. Andrew Mwesigwa-from Makerere University Library, and Mr. Gordon Murangira-Personal Assistant to the Vice Chancellor.
Vice Chancellor’s presentation to CEES
Prof. Nawangwe appreciated the College for championing the Competence-Based Education (CBC) agenda at Makerere University, other Universities in Uganda, and in the region. He commended the School of Education for training staff in teaching pedagogy, which is a core component in the delivery of teaching and learning at Makerere University.
Prof. Nawangwe’s presentation highlighted the following: Graduate training as a core strategy, the central role of CEES and teachers to national transformation, enabling increase in graduate student enrolment through online and flexible learning (IODel), adherence to quality assurance and academic standards, positioning Makerere as a continental leader, resource mobilization and sustainability.
CEES and national transformation
The Vice Chancellor reiterated the central role of preparing quality teachers and education professionals. “Teachers are critical to the nation. If we transform teachers, we transform the nation. Quality teacher education must be at the heart of what we do,” he stressed.
Online and Flexible Learning
Acknowledging the reality that many teachers and working professionals cannot leave their jobs to study, the Vice Chancellor called for the expansion of online and blended programmes. “Online and flexible learning will allow more people to study while staying where they are. This will significantly increase access and enrolment,” he said.
Resource mobilization and Sustainability
Submitting that growth requires adequate resources, the Vice Chancellor called upon staff and researchers to attract more partnerships, grants and subscriptions. He stated that increased enrolment and innovative programmes will strengthen sustainability.
Envisioning the desired future
According to the Vice Chancellor, if the College of Education and External Studies implements the aforementioned strategies, more PhDs will be trained, more teachers and professionals will be upskilled, online programmes will lead to greater access to education, stronger research output and impact will be registered, and as such, Makerere University will be recognized as Africa’s graduate training hub.
CEES Principal presents report on graduate training and research
Renowned for his consultative and team-building approach, Principal, Prof. Mugagga engaged staff and the various research teams, during the preparation for the Vice Chancellor’s visit to the College. Consequently, on 14th May 2026, staff and researchers, convened in the CEES Smart Room, to discuss and provide input, into the proposed College’s presentation on research and graduate training. The members of staff agreed that the College’s presentation to the Vice Chancellor should feature the following: Graduate Training and Research at CEES, Research Priorities, Schools, Institutes and Centres, CEES Research and Graduate Training Strategy, Journals at CEES, the Books Project, Funding Challenges, Teaching, Learning and Quality Assurance, Knowledge Transfer Partnerships and Networking.
Principal presents CEES Research Priorities
Welcoming the Vice Chancellor and his delegation, the Principal mentioned that 16th June 2026, will be remembered as a special and historic day at CEES, with respect to the execution of graduate training and research.
Pleased to share a detailed report with input from staff and various research teams, the Principal outlined the following research priorities:
- Graduate Training and Research (GTR)
- Competence Based Education (CBC)
- Inclusive Education
- Teacher Wellbeing and Mental Health
- Educational Technology
- Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
- Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
- Early Childhood Education and Development
Artificial Information (AI) Centre, and Development of Play materials for Children
On behalf of the College, Prof. Mugagga expressed the commitment of CEES to set up an AI Centre, as well as, developing play materials that are crucial in the children’s formative years, early child education, nursery and primary school levels. To appreciate this strategic approach, Prof. Mugagga called upon the Vice Chancellor and the University officials to read the works titled: The Challenges of Play materials in rural Uganda.
CEES Research and Graduate Training Strategy
The Principal presented that the College had embarked on a wide plan to build a robust research-culture promoting practitioner action research and aligning graduate programs with macro policies such as the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) implementation, inclusive education, teacher well-being and mental health, the National Teacher Education Policy 2019, Uganda’s Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Policy 2026, the National Development Plan (NDP IV), Uganda’s Vision 2040 agenda, plus other relevant global policies such as the Sustainable Development Goals-UN SDGs Agenda, and the Makerere University Strategic Plan.
Research Institutes and Centres
The Principal reported that the following institutes and centres are crucial in the promotion of graduate training activities and research: Makerere Institute of Teacher Education and Research (MITER), Centre for Teaching and Learning Support (CTLS), Makerere University Early Childhood Care and Education Research Centre, The Centre for Wisdom Pedagogy (CWP), The Centre for Lifelong Learning (CLL), and the Institute of Open, Distance and e-Learning (IODel).
Research Outputs and Projects
The Principal outlined some of the following research outputs and projects: Competence-Education Blueprint designed to transition higher education regulators and universities toward CBE in East and West Africa, MiSet Project-Mindset Change and Social Economic Transformation from the People’s World, PhD Pedagogy and Mapping, Department of Adult and Continuing Research Seminar Series, Online postgraduate diploma in Education and the ongoing curriculum development steps, CEES and the National Council for Higher Education are implementing the TRUCE project (funded by the European Union) to transition East and West African Universities to Competence Based Education, Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) Exhibition, and School Stakeholders Workshop.
Book Projects and Journals at CEES
The meeting noted in partnership with the Makerere University Press (MakPress) several books on different disciplines have been authored by CEES faculty members, and old journals in the Education Journals are being revitalized. The MakPress scans the old journals, applies for the ISSN, and ensures that articles are given the digital object identifier.
The College Journals include:
Makerere Journal of Higher Education (MAJOHE) (ISSN: 1816-6822 [print]; 2707-6113 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/majohe
Makerere University Journal of Research and Innovations in Teacher Education (RITE) https://rite.mak.ac.ug/editorial-board
The College is also in advanced stages of re-establishing the Uganda Journal of Education.
Key Challenges affecting graduate training and research at CEES
The Principal reported that the desire for CEES to become a graduate training hub is constrained by the following factors: Low staffing levels, financial constraints, and overwhelming workload for staff with respect to teaching, learning and supervision.
Low staffing levels: CEES faces a challenge of under-staffing in both academic and administrative units.
Financial constraints: “The budget is inadequate. We are running the same budget for the last five years, yet the College has new programmes, and subject areas, which have raised the undergraduate student numbers by almost 1000 more students,” he revealed.
Overwhelming supervision workload: Each supervisor at CEES has over 16 PhD and Masters’ students to supervise. The overwhelming workload for staff in teaching and learning affects time dedicated to research and supervision. In addition, “Graduate supervision is not officially considered as a teaching load except during promotion or at post retirement contract.”
Wrapping Up
After listening to the detailed presentation by the CEES Principal, and the brief reports from the ten (10) offices/entities, which indicated the existing working relationship with the College, the Vice Chancellor congratulated the College leadership and staff upon the milestones in teaching and learning, research, graduate training, teacher education, and knowledge transfer partnerships.
Responding to the issue of graduate financing, the Vice Chancellor revealed that he had noted the concerns raised in the College’s presentation, and pointed out that the views therein will enrich his submission to government as he puts across a strong case for funding.
The Vice Chancellor informed the faculty members at the College that the University Management had embarked on discussions and consultations aimed at providing incentives to staff who supervise PhD students. “The issue of incentivizing staff who supervise PhD students is being discussed by the University Management. We will prioritize this key component of graduate training,” he said.
On the issue of limited space for graduate students, and their supervisors, the Vice Chancellor informed the meeting, that this was being addressed through the USD 8 million investment building for graduate training and research (being constructed opposite Lumumba Hall of Residence).
Vote of Thanks
The Deputy Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso, expressed the readiness of the College to continue working with the University leadership, staff and stakeholders to align CEES programmes with the University-led agenda.
“We commit to do much better. We commit to engage with the various Offices to propel the Makerere University research-led agenda. We will continue to be intentional on graduate training and research,” he said.
East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development
The meeting climaxed with a brief tour the Vice Chancellor, and the University Management Members, to the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development. Spearheaded by the Dean, Associate Prof. Jude Ssempebwa, the engagement at this particular entity, focused on gaining a deeper understanding and appreciation of the mandate of the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development in graduate training and research.
Conclusion
The meeting which underscored the centrality of the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) to Makerere University’s mission of advancing knowledge, building capacity, and transforming lives ended at 6:00pm.
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