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Involve Stakeholders in COVID-19 Vaccine Priority Setting, Mak Bioethicists urge Government

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By Joseph Odoi

As Uganda rolls out vaccines in an effort to kick out coronavirus, Bioethicists from Makerere University have urged Government to involve all stakeholders in priority setting for COVID-19 vaccination.

This call follows a latest study which sought to establish ethical and social issues for COVID-19 vaccination in the country.

While disseminating preliminary findings of the study titled ‘Ethical And Social issues for COVID-19 vaccine priority setting and access in Uganda’, Associate Professor Joseph Ochieng from the Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences (CHS), Makerere University said one of the most effective ways for public buy-in for new interventions is effective stakeholder engagement using the down-up model so that all stakeholders feel they have a say and their input is valued.

“When people are adequately involved in the decision making, they tend to adequately accept the results and take them up because they feel they own them. So we set out to access the different stakeholders whether they’re aware of the ethical issues associated with priority setting and how they’re going to handle priority of vaccine access in Uganda,” he explained while at Anatomy Department Building on 19th March, 2021. 

Prof. Ochieng further noted that there should a proactive, open (to the public) and evidence-based engagement of as many stakeholders as possible in these and related processes.

’This is important to build and sustain public support to and trust in health systems, all of which are critical in ensuring an equitable and efficient health system’’ he added

With regard to priorities, the Bioethicists state that since the quantities for the COVID-19 vaccine coming in are small, there should be a pre-determined evidence-based criterion for deciding who gets what first, and who should lose out or wait for the next opportunity

“Setting those priorities of who is vaccinated when has a number of ethical and social issues with questions.

We came up with this study to see how we can contribute to this issue of priority setting and vaccine access so that everyone feels it’s a fair process. If people believe it’s fair, then it’s ethical and acceptable and likely to be taken up,” Prof. Ochieng explained.

Findings

As Part of the preliminary findings, Dr. John Barugahare, Co-investigator and Senior Lecturer at Department of Philosophy, Makerere University said COVID-19 could be controlled by first attending to people who are likely to spread the disease like travelers; including truck drivers who have been associated with this disease whenever they traverse the country.

“We’ve heard from taxi drivers and conductors saying that they’re exposed to the risk of infections from passengers everyday by virtue of their work and they increase the risk of transmission to other passengers. However, they don’t understand why the elderly in rural areas are having priority over them,” he said.

Dr. Baruhagare further says that there is need to harmonize WHO immunization guidelines by setting priorities which fit into the local context as each country has its unique challenges.

Moving forward, the researchers recommend public engagement to create awareness on vaccination guidelines

“If the guidelines are developed, they should be freely available and well publicized. There should also be a continuous process of priority setting,” Prof. Ochieng noted.

“In future, such processes of setting priorities should be more open and transparent. There should be sufficient efforts to involve the public and seek opinions on what they think as opposed to having a few individuals to guide in the decision making process,” added Dr. Barugahare.

Funded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the study involved key informant interviews and in-depth interviews with a number of key stakeholders in COVID-19 intervention like bioethicists, clinicians, public health experts, policy makers, lawyers, human rights activists and scientists.

Mark Wamai

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PhD Fellowship Opportunity: NETOMA Study

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Dr. Henry Komakech (centre) stands with fellow MakSPH PhD graduands at Makerere University’s 76th Graduation Ceremony (L–R): Dr. Olivia Nakisita, Dr. Aber Harriet Odonga, Dr. David Lubogo, Dr. Samalie Namukose, Dr. Moses Ntaro and Dr. Jimmy Osuret. February 25, 2026, Freedom Square, Makerere University. Makerere University School of Public Health Communications Office, Graduation Profiles Series, 76th Graduation Ceremony, Dr. Henry Komakech, “Effects of the Repatriation of Refugees on the Health Services of the Host Populations in the West Nile Districts of Arua, Moyo, and Adjumani,” Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University School of Public Health invites applications for a PhD fellowship under the Wellcome Trust-supported NETOMA study, which examines the coexistence of health worker shortages and unemployment among qualified health professionals in Africa.

The successful candidate will undertake doctoral research involving ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative analysis of health workers’ professional identities, employment experiences and livelihoods. Applicants should hold a Master’s degree in Anthropology, Sociology, Development Studies, Political Economy or a closely related discipline, with training in qualitative research methods.

Application deadline: 21 October 2026

Full details and application instructions: https://sph.mak.ac.ug/careers/?view_job=21462

Mak Editor

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Makerere-Mulago Host Oncology Specialist – Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG

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Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG during his interview with the Public Relations Office on 7th October 2026. Public Relations Office interview with Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG, German oncology reconstruction specialist, surgeon, trainer at the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (THD), and researcher on cancer from the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Germany. 7th October 2026, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Through a European Union (EU) funded initiative, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital are hosting a German oncology reconstruction specialist Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG. AUNG is a surgeon, trainer at the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (THD), and researcher on cancer from the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Germany.

With his international expertise in oncology and medical management roles at his home institution, his visit is a valuable addition to Uganda’s capacity building efforts in medical advancement.

Prof. Aung who arrived in Uganda in late September 2026 and has since then conducted free identified patient specialised surgeries and training for locals. These are expected to span two weeks. For the period, his service intersects medical expertise and humanitarian efforts.

This is not Prof. Aung’s first time in the country; his first major visit was in 2023, when he performed life-changing free surgeries on early patients. He then made medical history in June 2024 when he arrived to perform Africa’s first-ever lymph node transplant at Mulago Hospital.

It was against this background that the Makerere Public Relations Office engaged him in an exclusive interview to share his philosophy on medical service, his experiences in oncology reconstruction, and his unwavering belief that passion and dedication rather than just resources are the true drivers of sustainable medical progress.

Transforming Lives Through Oncology Reconstruction

At the heart of his mission through the ERASMUS – Oncology/Lymphedema project, is the treatment of lymphedema, a condition often referred to as elephantiasis.

In Europe, such surgeries can cost between 80,000 and 100,000 euros, making them inaccessible to many.

Thankfully, Professor and his team, including some of his post graduate students like Anna Friedrich (B.Sc) and Sophia Waser (B.Sc., PA) from the Institute of Medical Science and Engineering, have once again brought this specialised care to Uganda pro bono.

Professor AUNG with the article author. Public Relations Office interview with Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG, German oncology reconstruction specialist, surgeon, trainer at the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (THD), and researcher on cancer from the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Germany. 7th October 2026, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor AUNG with the article author.

He highlights the story of a teacher who, after receiving surgery, regained her quality of life and returned to the classroom. For him, the impact is exponential. “You change one life, but this person changes a lot in the community.”

This shift from individual surgery to the long-term wellbeing of the community, reinforces the local impact of these services.

Professor AUNG’s Personal Conviction

The professor confessed that inherently, he commands himself that beyond knowledge, true progress is driven by passion and will rather than resources.

He does not agree with those that think money and resources are the sole prerequisite for change in the medical world, stating, “you cannot change with money only.” Rather, he upholds the importance of personal decision and commitment.

When discussing the challenges of working in resource-limited settings, he maintains a simple, direct explanation “it’s always beyond the money.”

Ultimately, the Professor believes that if he can provide the spark, his students and patients can carry through with the same flame for significant change.

Motivation to Serve in Uganda

When asked about his inspiration for entering the field and now volunteering to work in Uganda, he explained that his primary goal was always to serve others. “That’s why I finished my medical school to help as many people as possible with my skills.”

Professor AUNG gestures during the interview. Public Relations Office interview with Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG, German oncology reconstruction specialist, surgeon, trainer at the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (THD), and researcher on cancer from the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Germany. 7th October 2026, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor AUNG gestures during the interview.

He views his medical expertise not as a tool for the privileged, but as a universal resource., “People are all the same, their anatomy is the same. So, I can help all these people pretty well,” Prof AUNG remarked.

His approach is motivated by a pay it forward dogma where treating a single patient creates a broader societal benefit. He illustrates this through his work with patients who, after surgery, are able to return to their professions like the teacher earlier mentioned.

Tips for Medical Professionals working in Uganda

As a foundation for professional growth, the Professor advised medical professionals working in Uganda to prioritise genuine interest in their work because he believes it is “the most important…” for “if you are interested, you will go far in the profession.”

He further reinforced the human capacity point, noting, “no matter what kind of equipment you have… it all depends on the people operating them and the patient.”

Professor AUNG concluded by encouraging doctors to overcome resource fears through action, stating, “If you want to create impact or change, you do.”

Dr. AUNG is part of the Lymphoedema Warriors Association (LWAU) in Uganda. He describes it as a grassroots organisation and commends them for “leveling the grond”. He reiterated his commitment to work with the organisation in reviewing patient reports to determine the best course of treatment.

Elvis Lubanga, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Elvis Lubanga

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Makerere Public Health Showcases EU Funded Research

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Makerere University’s School of Public Health (MakSPH) showcased research, training and international partnerships supported through European Union funding during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair 2026 held at Makerere University.

The fair brought together students, researchers, academics, government representatives and development partners to explore opportunities in education, research, innovation and international collaboration, while celebrating 50 years of partnership between Uganda and the European Union.

Through its exhibition, MakSPH highlighted research and capacity building initiatives addressing public health challenges including infectious diseases, non communicable diseases, health systems, climate change and pandemic preparedness.

18 EU funded projects supported at MakSPH

Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of Students, School of Public Health, said the School has benefited from 18 EU funded projects over the past five years, supporting research and training across several areas of public health.

Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze explains MakSPH research projects to Acting Minister of Education and Sports Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo during a tour of exhibition stands at the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair.

She said the projects have contributed to the training of PhD researchers and the development of research addressing infectious diseases and prevention, non communicable diseases, health systems, climate change and health.

Prof. Wanyenze also highlighted a new five year programme which started in 2021 that is aiming at strengthening capacity for research on pandemic preparedness and response, including outbreaks such as Ebola.

Stella Kakeeto interacts with students during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair

Another programme being undertaken with the Ministry of Health and Karolinska Institute focuses on improving maternal health while also addressing adolescent pregnancy and the health of mothers and children.

She described partnerships as critical to advancing science and innovation, noting that collaboration allows researchers in Africa and Europe to share knowledge and strengthen the impact of research on communities.

Research partnerships strengthen innovation

Prof. Robert Wamala, Director of the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships at Makerere University, said the exhibition provided an opportunity to showcase EU funded projects across the University.

He noted that the School of Public Health alone has more than 18 such projects, while other colleges also have several EU supported initiatives.

Prof. Julius Okuni

One of the projects showcased was PREPARE TID, a partnership aimed at developing rapid diagnostic technologies for emerging and re emerging infectious diseases.

Prof. Julius Okuni, Associate Professor of Veterinary Pathobiology and Molecular Diagnostics at Makerere University, said the project brings together universities, industries and other organisations from Africa and Europe.

The project is working to develop technologies that can quickly identify pathogens responsible for outbreaks such as Ebola, Rift Valley fever and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever.

According to Prof. Okuni, Makerere is involved in field and laboratory work to test and refine the technologies before they can be delivered to end users.

Fair provides platform for research visibility

For researchers at MakSPH, the fair also provided an opportunity to increase the visibility of ongoing research and create new connections with researchers, policymakers and potential funders.

Dr. Raymond Tweheyo, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, said such exhibitions allow researchers to share their work and identify others working on related challenges.

Dr. Raymond Tweheyo and Assoc. Prof. Angelina Kakooza Mwesigye at the exhibition

He cited the CONNECT for Health project, which focuses on transforming non-communicable disease care in Uganda through collaboration with partners across several countries.

Dr. Tweheyo said exhibitions can help researchers connect with policymakers, civil society organisations and other partners who can contribute to translating research into practical solutions.

Assoc. Prof. Angelina Kakooza Mwesigye, Associate Professor and Child Neurologist at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, also emphasised the importance of exposing young people to international research opportunities.

She said the long standing Uganda Europe partnership provides opportunities for the next generation of researchers to learn, build networks and prepare for future research collaborations.

The School of Public Health’s participation highlighted the role of international partnerships in strengthening research capacity, supporting innovation and developing evidence based responses to Uganda’s public health challenges.

Allan Ainematsiko

Bachelors of Journalism and Communication

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