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AfPEC Project Targets to Safeguard Ecosystems in the Mt. Elgon Region through Agroforestry

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*****Funded by DANIDA, Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC), a five-year project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda aims to foster to use agroforestry to prevent climate change and loss of biodiversity in the region. The project will focus on four districts namely: Mbale, Bududa, Bulambuli, and Kapchorwa. Project Partners: Makerere University, Aarhus University & University of Copenhagen (Denmark), Youth Leading Environmental Change (YLEC), Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, Stjernekommunikation, and FrellsenKaffe. Through the project, coffee farmers in the region will be supported to export their coffee to Denmark. The project team held the inception meeting on 25th-26th September 2024 in Mbale City.

Overview

Climate change and biodiversity loss are emerging as two of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity. In Uganda, natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands contribute considerably to people’s livelihoods and the national economy. However, rapid population growth has led to the degradation of these ecosystems due to increased demand for firewood and the conversion of land for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the effects of climate change, including variable rainfall patterns and higher temperatures, are leading to a rise in the frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, landslides, windstorms and hailstorms (UNEP- Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Uganda). Failure to tackle the effects of climate change threatens the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with catastrophic consequences that will hit the poorest and most vulnerable communities first and hardest (UCL Global Governance Institute, 2021). The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030 is a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems around the world, for the benefit of people and nature. It aims to halt the degradation of ecosystems, and restore them to achieve global goals. 

Prof. Mugagga welcoming participants and briefing them about the purpose of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Mugagga welcoming participants and briefing them about the purpose of the workshop.

Agroforestry as a climate change adaptation strategy

Agroforestry, the purposeful integration of trees or shrubs with crops and/or livestock at the plot, farm, and/or landscape scale, is one potential climate change adaptation strategy to increase the resilience of farmers and agricultural systems against climate risk, providing a range of biophysical and socioeconomic benefits. As highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports of 2022, agroforestry is a promising agro-ecological approach to climate change adaptation because of the multitude of co-benefits that many agroforestry systems provide including, enhanced food security and income opportunities, the provisioning of ecosystem services, and biodiversity conservation (Amy Quandt, et.al 2023). Agroforestry significantly impacts the environment in diverse ways that contribute to both global environmental goals and local sustainability. Despite of the benefits, promotion, implementation and sustainability of agroforestry practices is still not well addressed.

Participants following the proceedings of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Participants following the proceedings of the workshop.

Purpose of the AfPEC project

Coffee farmers in the Mt. Elgon Region in Eastern Uganda have traditionally with success used agroforestry that protects important water catchments and biodiversity hotspots, but these areas now experience degrading soils caused by external factors such as forest loss, soil erosion and population growth. Changes in climate have also affected farming conditions favouring more drought-resistant crops and agroforestry systems with well-developed shade. Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC), a new project funded by DANIDA aims to understand the factors that motivate coffee farmers to engage in agroforestry, and to foster the use of agroforestry to minimize the effects climate change and loss of biodiversity in the region. Specifically, the project aims to document the effects of agroforestry in terms of ecosystem services and livelihood benefits, to understand motivating factors for long-term sustainable development, and to support science-based agroforestry in practice. The project will focus on four districts namely: Mbale, Bududa, Bulambuli and Kapchorwa.

Prof. Tabuti briefing participants about the project. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Tabuti briefing participants about the project.

Specific objectives

The project will be implemented though five work packages in line with the objectives below;

1.Quantifying the potential of agroforestry in terms of ecosystem services – Under this objective the focus is to assess the benefits of various agroforestry systems, including carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and other ecosystem services. This research will help stakeholders understand the potential and limitations of different agroforestry approaches and contribute to mitigating climate change and biodiversity loss. Additionally, the findings will be used to select suitable native tree species for planting in highland coffee agroforestry systems.

Participants following proceedings of the workshop at Wash & Wills Hotel, Mbale City. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Participants following proceedings of the workshop at Wash & Wills Hotel, Mbale City.

2.Identifying livelihood benefits from agroforestry and key factors for long-term sustainable development.

3.Channelling scientific knowledge on agroforestry into practice –Given the urgent threats posed by biodiversity loss and climate change in Africa, it is imperative to translate scientific research into practical solutions. In collaboration with NGOs and local farming communities, the project team will disseminate user-friendly information and ensure that research findings directly benefit livelihoods and ecosystems. The goal is to increase local income through sustainable coffee production, carbon credits, and potentially, emerging markets for ecosystem services.

The Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
The Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant.

4. Building multidisciplinary capacity at university level –The project will train four PhD students from Uganda, and at least 12 master students from Denmark.

5. Promoting optimized agroforestry systems widely.

RDCs from the project area, Mr Bululu Alex (Bududa District) and Mr. Bwire James (Mbale) together with Mr Chemonges Joseph representative of cooperative associations in Kapchorwa at the inception meeting. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
RDCs from the project area, Mr Bululu Alex (Bududa District) and Mr. Bwire James (Mbale) together with Mr Chemonges Joseph representative of cooperative associations in Kapchorwa at the inception meeting.

Partner Institutions

AfPEC is composed of seven partners: three university partners with multidisciplinary backgrounds, three Danish and Ugandan NGOs and a private communication company. All partners work in close collaboration with four coffee farmer communities. These include; Makerere University, Aarhus University (Department of Ecoscience), University of Copenhagen, Youth Leading Environmental Change (YLEC), Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, Stjernekommunikation, and FrellsenKaffe.

On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team saying the initiative would boost Makerere's aspiration of becoming a research-led university, responding to the global development challenges. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team saying the initiative would boost Makerere’s aspiration of becoming a research-led university, responding to the global development challenges.

Project team

The overall PI is Dr Anne Mette Lykke from Aarhus University. At Makerere, the project is coordinated by Prof. John Tabuti from the Department of Environmental Management and Prof. Frank Mugagga from the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences. Other participants: Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience (Jørgen Axelsen), Makerere University (Dr Josephine Esaete and Dr Kellen Aganyira), University of Copenhagen (Ida Theilade, Nerea Turreira Garcia, Stine Kroijer), Seniors without Borders (Poul Kroijer, Lone Jacobsen, Kjeld Lanng, Frans Theilby, Lars Brodersen, Jan Thorn Clausen, Hazra Okem, Ann Grace Apiita, Emmanuel Alituha, Christopher Ejiku), Youth Leading Environmental Change (Daniel Esayu, Annet Nakkazi, Richard Tusabe),  Forests of the World (Jens Holm Kanstrup, Kristian Lybæk, Abiyu Lencho), and Stjernekommunikation (Jan Stjerne).

Some of the participants on Day One of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Some of the participants on Day One of the workshop.

AfPEC Inception meeting in Mbale City

On 25th-26th September 2024, the project team held an inception meeting in Mbale City to get stakeholder buy-in and concretize roles of team members. The meeting was attended by 52 participants including the project team, farmers from participating districts, RDCs from participating districts, representatives from the participating NGOs – Seniors without Borders, Youth Environmentalists leading Environmental Change (YLEC) and Forests of the World, and Graduate students attached to the project.

Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes.

Presentations/remarks by the project team

In his welcome address, Prof. Frank Mugagga, one of the project coordinators at Makerere University appreciated participants for honouring and turning up for the workshop, noting that it was important for the team to establish a working relationship for smooth implementation of the project. Outlining the importance of research and partnerships towards the vision and mission of Makerere University, he expressed gratitude to the funders, and the Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke for her unwavering efforts towards securing the grant.

The Chief Guest also Deputy RDC, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.Kapchorwa District addressing participants.
The Chief Guest also Deputy RDC, Kapchorwa District addressing participants.

Presenting an overview of the project, the lead Coordinator in Uganda, Prof. John Tabuti explained that although agroforestry systems have been around for long, their contribution has not been well understood and adopted. Discussing the different work packages, Prof. Tabuti said the project would document both negative and positive impacts of highland agro-ecosystems to improve their contribution to ecosystems and livelihoods.

Mr. Martin Sakajja, Deputy RDC Kapchorwa expressed gratitude for the project noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Mr. Martin Sakajja, Deputy RDC Kapchorwa expressed gratitude for the project noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large.

At the meeting, the Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant. She presented the partnership grant agreement, highlighting the research ethics considerations, rules on publications, communication and dissemination requirements, and data sharing and management as guided by DFC. She urged the project team to familiarise themselves with the regulations to ensure timely delivery of the intended outputs.

Mr. Hussein Mafabi, representative of farmer groups in Mbale, also Chairperson Bufumbo Agroforestry Group expressed gratitude for the project saying the local communities were eager to participate in the activities. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Mr. Hussein Mafabi, representative of farmer groups in Mbale, also Chairperson Bufumbo Agroforestry Group expressed gratitude for the project saying the local communities were eager to participate in the activities.

 In his remarks, the representative of farmer groups in Mbale District, also Chairperson of Bufumbo Agroforestry Group, Mr. Hussein Mafabi appreciated the project team and funders, noting that the initiative would greatly improve their skills in agroforestry. Highlighting the factors fuelling environmental degradation in the region, Mr. Mafabi decried the lack of a clear policy on plastic waste management, calling for support to avert the crisis. He emphasized the need to translate the project results into actual policy changes to further collaboration beyond AfPEC. “AfPEC has the support of local communities who are eager and willing to participate in the project activities,” he noted.

Ms. Hezra Okem, members, Seniors without Borders briefing participants about their activities in the region. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Ms. Hazra Okem, member, Seniors without Borders briefing participants about their activities in the region.

During the workshop, representatives from the partnering NGOs including Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, and YLEC shared their experiences working in the region, outlining success stories in coffee agroforestry that the AfPEC project can leverage to achieve its targets. Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes, whereas Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems. Speaking to participants, Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) noted that through the AfPEC project, farmers in the region will be able to export their coffee to Denmark. The team expressed willingness to support the project activities.

MSc students Emilie, Josephine and Matilda from Aarhus University, Denmark presenting their research ideas at the workshop. They are support by AfPEC and will conduct their research in the Mt. Elgon Region. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
MSc students Emilie, Josephine and Matilda from Aarhus University, Denmark presenting their research ideas at the workshop. They are support by AfPEC and will conduct their research in the Mt. Elgon Region.

Presentations by MSc and PhD students supported by the Project

AfPEC project will train four PhD students from Uganda, and at least 12 master students from Denmark.

During the workshop, three Masters Students from Aarhus University, Denmark and four PhD students from Makerere University who will be conducting research on different aspects of agroforestry in the Mt. Elgon Region, Eastern Uganda presented their research ideas to participants who provided enriching feedback.   These are; Smilie Nielsen (MSc Human Security) who will be examining the factors that motivate young coffee farmers in Mt. Elgon Region to engage in agroforestry, Ms. Josephine Fogt Anderson (MSc Human Security) who will be studying women-nature relations in agroforestry and planting initiatives (How gender equality can be addressed in tree planting and agroforestry projects), and Ms. Matilda Willemoes who will be exploring the potential for carbon sequestration and storage in coffee Forestry systems.

The students receiving feedback on their presentations from one of the supervisors on the AfPEC Project, Prof. Frank Mugagga. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
The students receiving feedback on their presentations from one of the supervisors on the AfPEC Project, Prof. Frank Mugagga.

The PhD students include Mr. Patrick Kayima who will study value chain and livelihood benefits of coffee agroforestry, and Ms. Patricia Adoch who will evaluate the influence of different management practices of coffee agroforestry systems on pollinators and pests in the Mt. Elgon Region. Ms. Joyce Lunyolo will conduct research on incentives for stewardship efforts in coffee agroforestry among farmers in the region, whereas Mr. Derick Kisegu will study and document the contribution of Arabica coffee agroforestry systems in mitigation and adaptation to climate change in fragile highland ecosystems of Uganda.  

PhD students Patrick, Patricia and Derick presenting their research ideas to participants at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD students Patrick, Patricia and Derick presenting their research ideas to participants at the workshop.

The students will be supervised by academics from the partner institutions namely: Prof Anne Mette Lykke, Prof. John Tabuti, Prof. Frank Mugagga, Dr. Josephine Esaete, Prof. Ida Theilade, Dr. Kellen Aganyira, Prof. Stine Kroijer, and Prof. Katrine GroFriborg.

PhD student Patricia interacting with her supervisor Dr Anne Mette Lykke at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD student Patricia interacting with her supervisor Dr Anne Mette Lykke at the workshop.

Remarks by the Chief Guest

Addressing participants, the Deputy RDC Kapchorwa District, Mr. Martin Sakajja, on behalf of the Resident District Commissioners (RDCs) in the project area, expressed gratitude for the initiative noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large. “Agroforestry represents the fusion of agricultural productivity with ecological conservation—a synergy that is critical for sustainable development in our times. For generations, rural populations have depended on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Yet, we know the challenges farmers face: declining soil fertility, erratic rainfall, and dwindling forest resources. Agroforestry addresses these issues by promoting sustainable agricultural practices that not only enhance food security but also generate additional sources of income from forest products such as fruits, timber, and medicinal plants. Through this project, we envision empowering farmers to increase their yields while preserving the natural resources they rely on. By embracing agroforestry, we are not only reducing our vulnerability to climate change but also contributing to global climate goals. I commend Makerere University and all the partners involved in this project for their vision and dedication,” he noted.

PhD student Derick Kisegu discussing his project with his supervisors. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD student Derick Kisegu discussing his project with his supervisors.

Remarks by the representative of Makerere University

On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team for the initiative noting that it aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the National Development Plan, and the Parish Development Model. “The project is also in tandem with our strategy of transforming Makerere into a research-led University responding to national, regional, and global development challenges, and contributing to global knowledge generation. Its commitment to capacity building through Masters and PhD trainings, community engagement, and internationalization is equally commendable.” He appreciated the funders for supporting AfPEC and several other projects in Uganda.

College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD students Patrick Kayima and Joyce Lunyolo interacting with their supervisors.

The workshop was moderated by Dr Josephine Esaete, Dr Vincent Muwanika, and Dr Kellen Aganyira from Makerere University.

Dr Henry Ssemakula commenting on the PhD students' presentations. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Henry Ssemakula commenting on the PhD students’ presentations.

On the final day of the workshop, the project team conducted a reconnaissance tour of three research sites namely; Bufumbo in Mbale, Buginyanya in Bulambuli District, and Sipi in Kapchorwa District. 

A participant from YLEC sharing his views. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
A participant from YLEC sharing his views.

More photos from the workshop

Dr Josephine Esaete moderating one of the sessions during the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Josephine Esaete moderating one of the sessions during the workshop.

Dr Vincent Muwanika from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University moderating one of the sessions during the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Vincent Muwanika from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University moderating one of the sessions during the workshop.

Dr Kellen Aganyira, member of the AfPEC project from Makerere University at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Kellen Aganyira, member of the AfPEC project from Makerere University at the workshop.

Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) addressing participants at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) addressing participants at the workshop.

Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems.

Prof. Mugagga addressing farmer groups in Bufumbo Sub County about the project. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Mugagga addressing farmer groups in Bufumbo Sub County about the project.

Project team with farmer groups in Bufumbo, Mbale after their interaction. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Project team with farmer groups in Bufumbo, Mbale after their interaction.

Hasifa Kabejja

Agriculture & Environment

TORCH Project Deepens Climate Action and Sustainable Agriculture Through Community Living Lab in Kabale

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Construction of the Biogas production system at the host farmer’s home in Kabale. Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment (TORCH) Project Living Lab model project monitoring and progress review meeting, 27 April 2026 in Kabale Uganda, East Africa with participantion from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.

Makerere University, in partnership with local, regional, and international institutions, is advancing climate-smart agriculture and sustainable livelihoods through the TORCH Project – Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment.

TORCH is a collaborative initiative designed to help communities respond to climate change through practical innovations, research, and inclusive partnerships. Implemented across Uganda, South Sudan, and Austria, the TORCH Project is focused on strengthening academic and community collaborations in outreach, training, and research aimed at building a cleaner energy future and a zero-emission society. In Uganda, one of the flagship interventions is the establishment of a Living Lab in Kabale District, Kamuganguzi Sub County Nyabumba Village, where farmers, students, researchers, and development partners are working together to test and demonstrate environmentally friendly technologies that can improve household welfare while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

A Community-Centred Response to Climate Change

The Living Lab model places communities at the centre of innovation. Rather than introducing externally designed solutions, the project works directly with local households to identify challenges affecting their livelihoods and co-create practical responses suited to their environment.

A project monitoring and progress review meeting was held on 27 April 2026 in Kabale, bringing together key stakeholders to assess achievements, review ongoing activities, and plan the next phase of implementation. Participants included representatives from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.

Addressing the participants, Dr Patrick Musinguzi, Principal Investigator from Makerere University, explained that climate change is no longer a distant concern but a present-day challenge affecting every sector of society, including agriculture, health, energy, and livelihoods.

He said the TORCH Project seeks to support communities with solutions that progressively reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving resilience and productivity. “The project is about greenhouse gas emissions. We need to see how to progressively reduce or cut down the emissions,” Dr Musinguzi said.

He further observed that universities have a responsibility to generate knowledge that solves real community problems and supports sustainable national development.

Practical Technologies Already Transforming Rural Households

The Kabale Living Lab has identified several priority technologies based on the specific needs of farming households in the area. According to Prof. Phelix Mbabazi Businge, the Project Coordinator from Kabale University, four technologies were prioritized after consultations with the host family and surrounding community.

These include:

  1. Biogas Systems

The biogas technology is to convert animal and organic waste into clean cooking fuel, reducing dependence on firewood and charcoal while lowering indoor air pollution. It will also provide nutrient-rich slurry that can be used as organic fertilizer.

Biogas system under construction. Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment (TORCH) Project Living Lab model project monitoring and progress review meeting, 27 April 2026 in Kabale Uganda, East Africa with participantion from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.
Biogas system under construction.
  1. Woodlots

A woodlot of 500 trees (Calliandra, Grevilia and Gliricidi) was planted. The establishment of the woodlots is to promote sustainable fuelwood production, restores degraded land, and contribute to carbon sequestration. This will help reduce pressure on natural forests.

  1. Food Warming Baskets

These traditional but energy-efficient baskets help retain heat in cooked food, reducing the need for repeated reheating and minimizing fuel consumption.

Food Warming Baskets. Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment (TORCH) Project Living Lab model project monitoring and progress review meeting, 27 April 2026 in Kabale Uganda, East Africa with participantion from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.
Food Warming Baskets.
  1. Rainwater Harvesting Tanks

Water harvesting systems improve access to clean water for domestic use, livestock, and small-scale farming, especially during dry periods.

Assoc. Prof. Busingye reported that implementation of these technologies is progressing steadily and that the host farmer has already expressed satisfaction with the impact of the project.

He called upon local residents to continue supporting students and researchers who will be using the site as a learning and demonstration centre even after the project officially closes.

Empowering Youth as Drivers of Green Transformation

Recognizing that youth are central to future sustainability, the TORCH Project has partnered with Youth Go-Green, an organization working to mobilize young people around environmental conservation, entrepreneurship, and community development.

Speaking during the meeting, Mr. Muhumuza Edwin, the organization’s coordinator, said Youth Go-Green currently works with more than two million young people across Uganda through national and regional structures.

He stressed that agriculture remains one of the most strategic sectors for youth employment and economic transformation.

“Farming is one of the key priority areas that we need to emphasize and improve,” he said.

He encouraged young people and community members to actively participate in the project and support one another in adopting sustainable farming practices.

Host Farmer Shares Life-Changing Experience

At the centre of the Kabale Living Lab is Mr. Charles Byarugaba, the host farmer whose home now serves as a practical learning site for the community.

Mr. Byarugaba explained that before engaging with the TORCH Project, farming in the area was often done without planning, resulting in low productivity, inefficiency, and financial losses.

“Traditionally, I used to engage in unplanned business and farming. We would benefit little or find ourselves at the losing end before we started working with the TORCH Project,” he said, noting that the project had introduced him to better planning, enterprise management, and more sustainable farming methods. Beyond his own household, he sees the Living Lab as an opportunity for the wider community to learn improved practices that can reduce poverty, improve nutrition, and create more reliable incomes.

Mr Byarugaba expressed appreciation to the project partners for selecting his farm as a demonstration site and pledged continued cooperation.

Research that Begins With Communities

Mr. Andreas Bauer, a representative from the Institute of Development Research at BOKU University, highlighted the TORCH Project’s unique participatory research approach.

He explained that unlike conventional research models where experts first define scientific questions and later seek communities to test them, TORCH starts by listening to people.

“Before we come up with a research question, we talk to the community and see what their issues are in their livelihoods. We ask what should be done to make a difference in the local communities,” he said.

This method ensures that research outputs are relevant, inclusive, and responsive to the real needs of farmers and households.

The model also provides students with valuable field-based learning opportunities, exposing them to applied research, stakeholder engagement, and innovation for development.

Strengthening Academic Partnerships Across Borders

The TORCH Project demonstrates the power of cross-border academic collaboration in solving pressing development challenges. Key partner institutions include: Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Kyambogo University, Busitema University and University of Juba

Together, these institutions are combining expertise in agriculture, climate science, energy systems, community engagement, and higher education to build solutions that can be replicated across East Africa.

Way Forward

As implementation continues, stakeholders reaffirmed their commitment to expanding successful interventions, increasing community participation, and strengthening research outputs that support sustainable development.

For Makerere University, the TORCH Project reflects the institution’s broader commitment to research excellence, innovation, and community transformation. By connecting academic knowledge with local realities, the University is helping communities build resilience against climate change while creating pathways to cleaner energy, food security, and inclusive growth.

With climate pressures increasing across the region, the Kabale Living Lab stands as a strong example of how universities and communities can work together to shape a more sustainable future.

Dr. Patrick Musinguzi, PI from Makerere University addressing participants during the project monitoring and progress review meeting held on 27 April 2026 in Kabale. Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment (TORCH) Project Living Lab model project monitoring and progress review meeting, 27 April 2026 in Kabale Uganda, East Africa with participantion from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.
Dr. Patrick Musinguzi, PI from Makerere University addressing participants during the
project monitoring and progress review meeting held on 27 April 2026 in Kabale.

The project team during the review workshop in Kabale. Towards a Clean Energy and Zero-Emission Society in East Africa: Strengthening Academic and Community Collaboration in Outreach, Training, and Research for Green Growth and a Healthy Environment (TORCH) Project Living Lab model project monitoring and progress review meeting, 27 April 2026 in Kabale Uganda, East Africa with participantion from Makerere University, BOKU University (Austria), Kabale University, Youth Go-Green, as well as students, researchers, farmers, and community leaders.
The project team during the review workshop in Kabale.

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

APCCO Coffee Agroforestry Project Training, Research and Community Outreach Activities Report

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Makerere University Academic / Research supervisors interacting with one of the PhD students concerning the shade intensity evaluation experiment at NARO-NaCORI, Mukono district.

This report provides an update on ongoing training, research and community engagement activities being done under the DANIDA-funded APCCO Coffee Agroforestry Project that is being implemented at Makerere University under collaboration with NARO-University of Copenhagen (UCPH), National Coffee Research Institute Uganda (NaCORI), Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MuZARDI), CURAD Incubator, GrowGrounds, NewForesight, and Regen Farmer. This report highlights part of students’ PhD research studies being conducted in Mukono and Nakaseke districts focused on understanding how Robusta Coffee Agroforestry systems can contribute to improving smallholder livelihoods, closing the living income gap, and enhancing climate resilience. The APCCO project seeks to promote sustainable coffee agroforestry systems that deliver environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience, while also improving household welfare. Integrating trees into Robusta coffee farms is a proven strategy to enhance smallholder productivity and build resilience to climate variability. As a multi-benefit nature-based solution, tree integration can improve ecosystem services, support climate adaptation, and strengthen livelihoods when effectively managed. However, its adoption remains uneven, constrained by gaps in farmers’ knowledge, socio-cultural and economic barriers, and misconceptions, particularly under increasing climate pressures. This project aims to investigate farmers’ knowledge of tree species, the factors influencing their integration and the performance of Robusta coffee in central Uganda.

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

Re-Advertised Call for Applications: QCF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships

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Prof. Gorettie Nabanoga, Principal of CAES plants a tree to signify the launch of the 30-acre Botanical Gardens at the Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo (MUARIK). Makerere University College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Wakiso Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University’s Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences in partnership with Quadrature Climate Foundation and Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre are seeking two fellows for Quadrature Climate Foundation (QCF) Fellowship Programme. This is a two-year post-doctoral programme fully funded by QCF, which is an independent charitable foundation working for a greener and fairer future. Applications for the two-year post-doctoral fellowship are invited from individuals with demonstrated interest and expertise in locally led adaptation to climate change research. This initiative is a unique and excellent opportunity to expand the network of interested individuals with researchers and decision-makers, as well as deliver action-oriented research to inform policy and practice. Depending on their interest, each applicant should choose one of the two thematic areas offered under the fellowship program:

  1. Knowledge co-creation for locally led adaptation to climate change
  2. Decentralised decision making for effective climate change adaptation and resilience

The Fellow working on the Thematic Area 1: knowledge co-creation for locally adaptation will explore collaborative learning processes (including informal learning) for climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers with focus on Uganda, with linkages to related work in Bangladesh, Mozambique and Napal. The overall intention is to generate understanding of how decision making processes, across scales, can be linked to local and context specific knowledge systems and process for epistemic just adaptation. The key research questions are:

  • What does the process of co-creating knowledge for locally led climate change adaptation look like in a rural smallholder farming setting of a Least Developed Country (LDC)?
  • What are the possibilities, promises and pitfalls of knowledge co-creation for locally led adaptation planning?

The research will intentionally contribute to methodological and practice advances in co-creation of knowledge for locally led climate change adaptation.

The research on Thematic Area 2: decentralized decision making for effective adaptation and resilience will undertake scientific interrogation of a climate finance mechanism that has been designed for locally led adaptation and resilience in Uganda. The Fellow will largely focus on testing selected assumptions behind the design of the mechanism. The key questions are:

  • How does effective locally led climate change adaptation and resilience building investment decision making look like in practice?
  • What works and how does it work? What does not work and why?

Key considerations in the research will include local leadership, inclusion, context specificity, cross-scale, and capability strengthening. The targeted contributions of the fellowship include improved knowledge management for climate resilience planning and decision-making, strengthened evidence-based research-policy-practice dialogues, framework(s) for integrating local and experiential knowledges in resilience building investment decision making processes, among others.

The Fellows will be based, full-time, at Makerere University, Kampala as a core member of the team working on locally led adaptation and resilience. Their work will be conducted under the auspices of the Least Developed Countries Universities Consortium on Climate Change (LUCCC) through which Makerere University is engaged in research and knowledge management collaborations. The Fellowships will focus on Uganda, but with deliberate linkages across LDCs, which might necessitate travels for in-person working meetings.

Roles and responsibilities of the Postdoctoral Research Fellow

The Fellow will be highly motivated to work with a transdisciplinary research team, grow their research expertise, engage with climate change researchers, decision-makers, practitioners and generate different categories of publications. Makerere University will mentor to the Fellow to provide professional development support. Where needed, the Fellow will participate in teaching and community outreach activities including knowledge sharing in ways that foster collaborative research for adaptation policy and practice.

Requirements:

  • A PhD, awarded within the previous five years, in a related discipline (e.g., geography, climate and society, sustainability, adaptation governance, epistemic justice, climate finance).
  • Knowledge and experience of locally led adaptation
  • Experience in synthesizing and managing datasets and literature.
  • Experience in, and knowledgeable of, participatory and collaborative action-oriented research methodologies and tools.
  • Demonstrated ability to produce research information products for different audiences.
  • Excellent written and verbal communication skills in English
  • Demonstrated interest and experience in transdisciplinary collaborations across-scales including with local communities, decision-makers and practitioners
  • Experience in giving international oral presentations and interest in public communication for wide-ranging categories of audiences
  • Data and information visualisation skills will be an added advantage

Application requirements:

Applicants should submit a single PDF with: (i) an application letter not longer than 2 pages that includes indication of theme of interest, a description of demonstrated research interests, research expertise, and an explanation of how they can work as part of the transdisciplinary research team in line with the fellowship objectives described above; (ii) a CV including a publication list; (iii) copies of academic transcripts and/or certificates; (iv) an example of written work; (v) email addresses of two references who have been directly involved in their PhD research.

Applicants must submit the PDF application document to colocal.caes@mak.ac.ug. Please type “LUCCC PDR Application: COLOCAL-Makerere” as the subject line of the email.

Closing date

Midnight (GMT+3) on 15th May, 2026 or until the position is filled.

Selection process

Eligible and complete applications will be considered followed by communication with short-listed applicants. Makerere University, in consultation with Quadrature Climate Foundation and the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, will conduct interviews of the short-listed applicants.

If you have not heard from Makerere University within two months of the deadline, please assume your application has been unsuccessful.

Contact details for enquiries about this post-doc fellowship: colocal.caes@mak.ac.ug

Makerere University reserves the right to

  • Disqualify ineligible, incomplete and/or inappropriate applications;
  • Change the conditions of the award or to make no awards at all

-The QCF Fellowship Programme is a two-year, post-doctoral programme fully funded by Quadrature Climate Foundation (QCF).

-Quadrature Climate Foundation is an independent charitable foundation working for a greener and fairer future. For more information on QCF, please visit qc.foundation.

Hasifa Kabejja

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