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AfPEC Project Targets to Safeguard Ecosystems in the Mt. Elgon Region through Agroforestry

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*****Funded by DANIDA, Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC), a five-year project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda aims to foster to use agroforestry to prevent climate change and loss of biodiversity in the region. The project will focus on four districts namely: Mbale, Bududa, Bulambuli, and Kapchorwa. Project Partners: Makerere University, Aarhus University & University of Copenhagen (Denmark), Youth Leading Environmental Change (YLEC), Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, Stjernekommunikation, and FrellsenKaffe. Through the project, coffee farmers in the region will be supported to export their coffee to Denmark. The project team held the inception meeting on 25th-26th September 2024 in Mbale City.

Overview

Climate change and biodiversity loss are emerging as two of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity. In Uganda, natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands contribute considerably to people’s livelihoods and the national economy. However, rapid population growth has led to the degradation of these ecosystems due to increased demand for firewood and the conversion of land for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the effects of climate change, including variable rainfall patterns and higher temperatures, are leading to a rise in the frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, landslides, windstorms and hailstorms (UNEP- Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Uganda). Failure to tackle the effects of climate change threatens the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with catastrophic consequences that will hit the poorest and most vulnerable communities first and hardest (UCL Global Governance Institute, 2021). The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030 is a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems around the world, for the benefit of people and nature. It aims to halt the degradation of ecosystems, and restore them to achieve global goals. 

Prof. Mugagga welcoming participants and briefing them about the purpose of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Mugagga welcoming participants and briefing them about the purpose of the workshop.

Agroforestry as a climate change adaptation strategy

Agroforestry, the purposeful integration of trees or shrubs with crops and/or livestock at the plot, farm, and/or landscape scale, is one potential climate change adaptation strategy to increase the resilience of farmers and agricultural systems against climate risk, providing a range of biophysical and socioeconomic benefits. As highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports of 2022, agroforestry is a promising agro-ecological approach to climate change adaptation because of the multitude of co-benefits that many agroforestry systems provide including, enhanced food security and income opportunities, the provisioning of ecosystem services, and biodiversity conservation (Amy Quandt, et.al 2023). Agroforestry significantly impacts the environment in diverse ways that contribute to both global environmental goals and local sustainability. Despite of the benefits, promotion, implementation and sustainability of agroforestry practices is still not well addressed.

Participants following the proceedings of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Participants following the proceedings of the workshop.

Purpose of the AfPEC project

Coffee farmers in the Mt. Elgon Region in Eastern Uganda have traditionally with success used agroforestry that protects important water catchments and biodiversity hotspots, but these areas now experience degrading soils caused by external factors such as forest loss, soil erosion and population growth. Changes in climate have also affected farming conditions favouring more drought-resistant crops and agroforestry systems with well-developed shade. Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC), a new project funded by DANIDA aims to understand the factors that motivate coffee farmers to engage in agroforestry, and to foster the use of agroforestry to minimize the effects climate change and loss of biodiversity in the region. Specifically, the project aims to document the effects of agroforestry in terms of ecosystem services and livelihood benefits, to understand motivating factors for long-term sustainable development, and to support science-based agroforestry in practice. The project will focus on four districts namely: Mbale, Bududa, Bulambuli and Kapchorwa.

Prof. Tabuti briefing participants about the project. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Tabuti briefing participants about the project.

Specific objectives

The project will be implemented though five work packages in line with the objectives below;

1.Quantifying the potential of agroforestry in terms of ecosystem services – Under this objective the focus is to assess the benefits of various agroforestry systems, including carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and other ecosystem services. This research will help stakeholders understand the potential and limitations of different agroforestry approaches and contribute to mitigating climate change and biodiversity loss. Additionally, the findings will be used to select suitable native tree species for planting in highland coffee agroforestry systems.

Participants following proceedings of the workshop at Wash & Wills Hotel, Mbale City. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Participants following proceedings of the workshop at Wash & Wills Hotel, Mbale City.

2.Identifying livelihood benefits from agroforestry and key factors for long-term sustainable development.

3.Channelling scientific knowledge on agroforestry into practice –Given the urgent threats posed by biodiversity loss and climate change in Africa, it is imperative to translate scientific research into practical solutions. In collaboration with NGOs and local farming communities, the project team will disseminate user-friendly information and ensure that research findings directly benefit livelihoods and ecosystems. The goal is to increase local income through sustainable coffee production, carbon credits, and potentially, emerging markets for ecosystem services.

The Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
The Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant.

4. Building multidisciplinary capacity at university level –The project will train four PhD students from Uganda, and at least 12 master students from Denmark.

5. Promoting optimized agroforestry systems widely.

RDCs from the project area, Mr Bululu Alex (Bududa District) and Mr. Bwire James (Mbale) together with Mr Chemonges Joseph representative of cooperative associations in Kapchorwa at the inception meeting. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
RDCs from the project area, Mr Bululu Alex (Bududa District) and Mr. Bwire James (Mbale) together with Mr Chemonges Joseph representative of cooperative associations in Kapchorwa at the inception meeting.

Partner Institutions

AfPEC is composed of seven partners: three university partners with multidisciplinary backgrounds, three Danish and Ugandan NGOs and a private communication company. All partners work in close collaboration with four coffee farmer communities. These include; Makerere University, Aarhus University (Department of Ecoscience), University of Copenhagen, Youth Leading Environmental Change (YLEC), Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, Stjernekommunikation, and FrellsenKaffe.

On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team saying the initiative would boost Makerere's aspiration of becoming a research-led university, responding to the global development challenges. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team saying the initiative would boost Makerere’s aspiration of becoming a research-led university, responding to the global development challenges.

Project team

The overall PI is Dr Anne Mette Lykke from Aarhus University. At Makerere, the project is coordinated by Prof. John Tabuti from the Department of Environmental Management and Prof. Frank Mugagga from the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences. Other participants: Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience (Jørgen Axelsen), Makerere University (Dr Josephine Esaete and Dr Kellen Aganyira), University of Copenhagen (Ida Theilade, Nerea Turreira Garcia, Stine Kroijer), Seniors without Borders (Poul Kroijer, Lone Jacobsen, Kjeld Lanng, Frans Theilby, Lars Brodersen, Jan Thorn Clausen, Hazra Okem, Ann Grace Apiita, Emmanuel Alituha, Christopher Ejiku), Youth Leading Environmental Change (Daniel Esayu, Annet Nakkazi, Richard Tusabe),  Forests of the World (Jens Holm Kanstrup, Kristian Lybæk, Abiyu Lencho), and Stjernekommunikation (Jan Stjerne).

Some of the participants on Day One of the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Some of the participants on Day One of the workshop.

AfPEC Inception meeting in Mbale City

On 25th-26th September 2024, the project team held an inception meeting in Mbale City to get stakeholder buy-in and concretize roles of team members. The meeting was attended by 52 participants including the project team, farmers from participating districts, RDCs from participating districts, representatives from the participating NGOs – Seniors without Borders, Youth Environmentalists leading Environmental Change (YLEC) and Forests of the World, and Graduate students attached to the project.

Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes.

Presentations/remarks by the project team

In his welcome address, Prof. Frank Mugagga, one of the project coordinators at Makerere University appreciated participants for honouring and turning up for the workshop, noting that it was important for the team to establish a working relationship for smooth implementation of the project. Outlining the importance of research and partnerships towards the vision and mission of Makerere University, he expressed gratitude to the funders, and the Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke for her unwavering efforts towards securing the grant.

The Chief Guest also Deputy RDC, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.Kapchorwa District addressing participants.
The Chief Guest also Deputy RDC, Kapchorwa District addressing participants.

Presenting an overview of the project, the lead Coordinator in Uganda, Prof. John Tabuti explained that although agroforestry systems have been around for long, their contribution has not been well understood and adopted. Discussing the different work packages, Prof. Tabuti said the project would document both negative and positive impacts of highland agro-ecosystems to improve their contribution to ecosystems and livelihoods.

Mr. Martin Sakajja, Deputy RDC Kapchorwa expressed gratitude for the project noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Mr. Martin Sakajja, Deputy RDC Kapchorwa expressed gratitude for the project noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large.

At the meeting, the Project PI, Dr Anne Mette Lykke briefed participants on ethics and the rules governing the DANIDA AfPEC Grant. She presented the partnership grant agreement, highlighting the research ethics considerations, rules on publications, communication and dissemination requirements, and data sharing and management as guided by DFC. She urged the project team to familiarise themselves with the regulations to ensure timely delivery of the intended outputs.

Mr. Hussein Mafabi, representative of farmer groups in Mbale, also Chairperson Bufumbo Agroforestry Group expressed gratitude for the project saying the local communities were eager to participate in the activities. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Mr. Hussein Mafabi, representative of farmer groups in Mbale, also Chairperson Bufumbo Agroforestry Group expressed gratitude for the project saying the local communities were eager to participate in the activities.

 In his remarks, the representative of farmer groups in Mbale District, also Chairperson of Bufumbo Agroforestry Group, Mr. Hussein Mafabi appreciated the project team and funders, noting that the initiative would greatly improve their skills in agroforestry. Highlighting the factors fuelling environmental degradation in the region, Mr. Mafabi decried the lack of a clear policy on plastic waste management, calling for support to avert the crisis. He emphasized the need to translate the project results into actual policy changes to further collaboration beyond AfPEC. “AfPEC has the support of local communities who are eager and willing to participate in the project activities,” he noted.

Ms. Hezra Okem, members, Seniors without Borders briefing participants about their activities in the region. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Ms. Hazra Okem, member, Seniors without Borders briefing participants about their activities in the region.

During the workshop, representatives from the partnering NGOs including Seniors without Borders, Forests of the World, and YLEC shared their experiences working in the region, outlining success stories in coffee agroforestry that the AfPEC project can leverage to achieve its targets. Prof. Jørgen Axelsen briefed participants on the biological pest control processes, whereas Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems. Speaking to participants, Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) noted that through the AfPEC project, farmers in the region will be able to export their coffee to Denmark. The team expressed willingness to support the project activities.

MSc students Emilie, Josephine and Matilda from Aarhus University, Denmark presenting their research ideas at the workshop. They are support by AfPEC and will conduct their research in the Mt. Elgon Region. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
MSc students Emilie, Josephine and Matilda from Aarhus University, Denmark presenting their research ideas at the workshop. They are support by AfPEC and will conduct their research in the Mt. Elgon Region.

Presentations by MSc and PhD students supported by the Project

AfPEC project will train four PhD students from Uganda, and at least 12 master students from Denmark.

During the workshop, three Masters Students from Aarhus University, Denmark and four PhD students from Makerere University who will be conducting research on different aspects of agroforestry in the Mt. Elgon Region, Eastern Uganda presented their research ideas to participants who provided enriching feedback.   These are; Smilie Nielsen (MSc Human Security) who will be examining the factors that motivate young coffee farmers in Mt. Elgon Region to engage in agroforestry, Ms. Josephine Fogt Anderson (MSc Human Security) who will be studying women-nature relations in agroforestry and planting initiatives (How gender equality can be addressed in tree planting and agroforestry projects), and Ms. Matilda Willemoes who will be exploring the potential for carbon sequestration and storage in coffee Forestry systems.

The students receiving feedback on their presentations from one of the supervisors on the AfPEC Project, Prof. Frank Mugagga. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
The students receiving feedback on their presentations from one of the supervisors on the AfPEC Project, Prof. Frank Mugagga.

The PhD students include Mr. Patrick Kayima who will study value chain and livelihood benefits of coffee agroforestry, and Ms. Patricia Adoch who will evaluate the influence of different management practices of coffee agroforestry systems on pollinators and pests in the Mt. Elgon Region. Ms. Joyce Lunyolo will conduct research on incentives for stewardship efforts in coffee agroforestry among farmers in the region, whereas Mr. Derick Kisegu will study and document the contribution of Arabica coffee agroforestry systems in mitigation and adaptation to climate change in fragile highland ecosystems of Uganda.  

PhD students Patrick, Patricia and Derick presenting their research ideas to participants at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD students Patrick, Patricia and Derick presenting their research ideas to participants at the workshop.

The students will be supervised by academics from the partner institutions namely: Prof Anne Mette Lykke, Prof. John Tabuti, Prof. Frank Mugagga, Dr. Josephine Esaete, Prof. Ida Theilade, Dr. Kellen Aganyira, Prof. Stine Kroijer, and Prof. Katrine GroFriborg.

PhD student Patricia interacting with her supervisor Dr Anne Mette Lykke at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD student Patricia interacting with her supervisor Dr Anne Mette Lykke at the workshop.

Remarks by the Chief Guest

Addressing participants, the Deputy RDC Kapchorwa District, Mr. Martin Sakajja, on behalf of the Resident District Commissioners (RDCs) in the project area, expressed gratitude for the initiative noting that it holds immense significance for the country and world at large. “Agroforestry represents the fusion of agricultural productivity with ecological conservation—a synergy that is critical for sustainable development in our times. For generations, rural populations have depended on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Yet, we know the challenges farmers face: declining soil fertility, erratic rainfall, and dwindling forest resources. Agroforestry addresses these issues by promoting sustainable agricultural practices that not only enhance food security but also generate additional sources of income from forest products such as fruits, timber, and medicinal plants. Through this project, we envision empowering farmers to increase their yields while preserving the natural resources they rely on. By embracing agroforestry, we are not only reducing our vulnerability to climate change but also contributing to global climate goals. I commend Makerere University and all the partners involved in this project for their vision and dedication,” he noted.

PhD student Derick Kisegu discussing his project with his supervisors. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD student Derick Kisegu discussing his project with his supervisors.

Remarks by the representative of Makerere University

On behalf of Makerere University, Dr Henry Ssemakula appreciated the project team for the initiative noting that it aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the National Development Plan, and the Parish Development Model. “The project is also in tandem with our strategy of transforming Makerere into a research-led University responding to national, regional, and global development challenges, and contributing to global knowledge generation. Its commitment to capacity building through Masters and PhD trainings, community engagement, and internationalization is equally commendable.” He appreciated the funders for supporting AfPEC and several other projects in Uganda.

College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
PhD students Patrick Kayima and Joyce Lunyolo interacting with their supervisors.

The workshop was moderated by Dr Josephine Esaete, Dr Vincent Muwanika, and Dr Kellen Aganyira from Makerere University.

Dr Henry Ssemakula commenting on the PhD students' presentations. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Henry Ssemakula commenting on the PhD students’ presentations.

On the final day of the workshop, the project team conducted a reconnaissance tour of three research sites namely; Bufumbo in Mbale, Buginyanya in Bulambuli District, and Sipi in Kapchorwa District. 

A participant from YLEC sharing his views. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
A participant from YLEC sharing his views.

More photos from the workshop

Dr Josephine Esaete moderating one of the sessions during the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Josephine Esaete moderating one of the sessions during the workshop.

Dr Vincent Muwanika from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University moderating one of the sessions during the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Vincent Muwanika from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University moderating one of the sessions during the workshop.

Dr Kellen Aganyira, member of the AfPEC project from Makerere University at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Kellen Aganyira, member of the AfPEC project from Makerere University at the workshop.

Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) addressing participants at the workshop. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr Poul Kroijer (Seniors without Borders) addressing participants at the workshop.

Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Dr James Johns from Forests of the World delivered a presentation on biomass and carbon sequestration in Uganda’s smallholder agroforestry systems.

Prof. Mugagga addressing farmer groups in Bufumbo Sub County about the project. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Prof. Mugagga addressing farmer groups in Bufumbo Sub County about the project.

Project team with farmer groups in Bufumbo, Mbale after their interaction. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, DANIDA-funded Agroforestry for People, Ecosystems and Climate Change (AfPEC) project (March 2024-April 2029) focusing on Mt. Elgon Highlands in Eastern Uganda Inception Meeting in Mbale City, 25th-26th September 2024.
Project team with farmer groups in Bufumbo, Mbale after their interaction.

Hasifa Kabejja

Agriculture & Environment

Strengthening Capacity and Shaping Policy: Makerere University Reviews Progress of MERIT and Environmental Risk Research Programs

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A group photo showing participants of the review meeting for the MERIT project in front of the Main Building. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) comprehensive impact review of the Environmental Risk Management Under Increasing extremes and Uncertainty (MERIT) Project, bringing together faculty, researchers, students, and partners from Ugandan and Norwegian institutions, 17th November 2025, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University, this week, through the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), hosted a comprehensive impact review of the Environmental Risk Management Under Increasing extremes and Uncertainty (MERIT) Project, bringing together faculty, researchers, students, and partners from Ugandan and Norwegian institutions. The discussions highlighted the transformational impact of collaborative research, student engagement, and capacity development in shaping policy, strengthening community resilience, and advancing Makerere’s contribution to national development.

A Cross-Continental Partnership Driving Change

The MERIT Project, focusing on Environmental Risk Management and the Increasing Extremes and Uncertainty, is a five-university collaboration funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) under the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (NORHED) programme. The project, which runs from 2021 to 2026 (with a one-year extension due to COVID-related delays), seeks to enhance mutual collaboration between universities in Sub-Saharan Africa and Norway. The project grant is worth 20 million Norwegian kroner and is being implemented across four Universities, namely, Makerere University, Uganda Martyrs University, University of Dar es Salaam, and Haramaya University in Ethiopia, with a strong involvement of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Western University of Science and Technology.

Its core components include:

  1. Curriculum review and development
  2. Staff and student training (Master’s and PhDs)
  3. Joint research and publications
  4. Community-based environmental risk interventions
  5. Student and staff exchange programs
  6. SDG integration and gender mainstreaming

So far, 20 staff and 15 mainstream students have benefited from and participated in the project initiatives, with 13 Master’s and 2 PhD candidates progressing through specialised training in environmental risk management, geohazards, and disaster risk studies.

Student Research Driving Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice

The MERIT and NORHED-supported projects have empowered graduate students and early-career researchers at Makerere University to undertake cutting-edge research that directly informs Uganda’s environmental risk management agenda. Although the full findings are yet to be published, the projects have catalyzed important scientific inquiry in several key areas.

Some of the students are currently working on:

  1. Improving environmental data and modelling to strengthen flood forecasting, hydrological planning, and climate-related risk assessment in high-risk regions.
  2. Assessing disaster risk reduction practices at the local government level and examining how global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework and the SDGs are being implemented on the ground.
  3. Exploring nature-based solutions, including sustainable approaches to land restoration, riverbank stabilization, and ecosystem protection.
  4. Studying climate impacts on agriculture and food systems, with a focus on supporting vulnerable households and smallholder production.
  5. Mapping urban ecological systems, including forest patches and carbon stocks, to guide sustainable urban planning.
  6. Documenting community-led adaptation strategies and traditional ecological knowledge to strengthen locally grounded resilience approaches.
  7. Evaluating the role of non-state actors, such as NGOs and community groups, in environmental risk reduction and recovery efforts.

Together, these research efforts are generating practical insights that can shape policy development, inform district and national planning, and strengthen community resilience. The projects are also building a new cohort of scientists equipped with the skills to bridge academic work with real-world environmental management challenges.

A photo of the synopsis of the research being done by one of the master’s students funded under MERIT at CAES. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) comprehensive impact review of the Environmental Risk Management Under Increasing extremes and Uncertainty (MERIT) Project, bringing together faculty, researchers, students, and partners from Ugandan and Norwegian institutions, 17th November 2025, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A photo of the synopsis of the research being done by one of the master’s students funded under MERIT at CAES.

Community Engagement and Local Knowledge at the Centre

The Environmental Risk Management component of the MERIT project has contributed to impactful knowledge and research vital for community interventions in highland and mountainous areas such as Mbale, Bududa, Sironko, and other districts that are prone to environmental risks, like landslides, flooding, and geohazards.

Key community-focused activities highlighted in the meeting included digitizing households in high-risk areas, using remote sensing and GIS to develop contextual warning systems, documenting and integrating traditional ecological knowledge, assessing community resilience and vulnerabilities, and generating data for localized environmental risk planning. Such engagements not only strengthen community preparedness but also provide students with rich field experience and data for their research.

Student Exchanges and a Global Learning Experience

In an Interview, Prof. Harald Aspen,the Head, Department of Geography and Social Anthropology at NTNU, and Ms. Charlotte Nakakaawa Jjunja, the administrative co-ordinator of the project at NTNU, noted that, so far, five students from NTNU are currently undertaking research and internships in Uganda, immersing themselves in local challenges and contributing to joint innovations. Ugandan students have also benefited from exposure to Norway’s systems, creating a two-way flow of knowledge and experience.

They further noted that the exchange program, supported by the CostClim project under the Norpart project, helps students appreciate the complexities of implementing SDGs in diverse contexts, turning theory into practical, actionable insights.

Strengthening Makerere’s Institutional Capacity

Makerere University has benefited significantly from the MERIT collaboration. In his remarks, Prof. Yazhidi Bamutaaze, the Deputy Principal, CAES, noted that the College had acquired a Land Cruiser to support fieldwork, funding for curriculum review and SDG evaluation, support for gender mainstreaming initiatives, research funding for senior academic staff, enhanced visibility through joint publications and innovations, competence development trainings for college staff and students and co-supervision arrangements among others.  

Such partnerships reinforce the University’s strategic commitment to cutting-edge research, global collaboration, and community impact.

Sustainability, Student Energy, and the Path Forward

A major segment of the meeting focused on the operationalization of sustainability principles across the University. Dr. Paul Mukwaya, the Head, Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences at CAES, emphasized leveraging student enthusiasm, building sustainability clubs, and avoiding passive “mainstreaming” in favour of proactive sustainability actions.

Key recommendations included:

  • Training students on how to develop policy briefs
  • Ensuring every student project reflects the SDGs
  • Creating a central repository or map of all student work
  • Strengthening academic supervision to grow student confidence
  • Building systems that ensure research outputs influence actual practice

Dr. Mukwaya further highlighted the importance of student self-confidence, continuous reflection, and mentorship in shaping future academic and professional careers through the MERIT project.

A photo of one of the student beneficiaries of the MERIT project making a presentation of her research findings. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) comprehensive impact review of the Environmental Risk Management Under Increasing extremes and Uncertainty (MERIT) Project, bringing together faculty, researchers, students, and partners from Ugandan and Norwegian institutions, 17th November 2025, Main Building, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A photo of one of the student beneficiaries of the MERIT project making a presentation of her research findings.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the project has achieved significant milestones, several challenges remain, such as administrative and IT-related delays, balancing donor expectations with academic timelines and bureaucracies, maintaining strong collaborations across multi-university partnerships and ensuring sustainability initiatives are integrated and action-driven

Conclusion: A Growing Ecosystem of Impact

The review meeting affirmed that the MERIT and related research programs are not just academic exercises; they are shaping the future of environmental resilience, policy development, and capacity building in Uganda. The University’s commitment to student growth, collaborative innovation, and evidence-based policy influence underscores the central role Makerere continues to play in national and global development conversations.

As the project enters its final years, the focus now shifts to consolidating gains, scaling successful interventions, and ensuring that the research produced today continues to transform lives tomorrow.

Caroline Kainomugisha is the Communications Officer, Advancement Office, Makerere University.

Caroline Kainomugisha
Caroline Kainomugisha

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Agriculture & Environment

SFTNB-MIIC Partnership Nurtures Entrepreneurial Learners & Change Agents

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Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe with Mr. Yusuf Kiranda, Mr. Evarist Bainomugisha and officials pose for a group photo with student entrepreneurs on 12th November 2025. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), held the third edition of its Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, bringing together student innovators to showcase a semester’s worth of creativity, research, and product development. The exhibition is a key milestone under the SFTNB Entrepreneurship Program – Cohort 3, a structured model that guides students through the full innovation journey — from idea generation and business training to prototyping, testing, and market access. Supported by MIIC with a UGX 7 million innovation fund, the program has empowered more than 60 students across 15 innovation groups to develop practical, sustainable, and market-ready solutions in food technology, nutrition, and engineering. This year’s exhibition provided a platform for students to present their prototypes, share their business concepts, and engage with university leaders, industry partners, and potential investors, further strengthening Makerere University’s commitment to nurturing a new generation of entrepreneurial change-makers.

Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (2nd Right) flanked by Left to Right: Mr. Yusuf Kiranda and Mr. Evarist Bainomugisha inspects one of the student exhibitions. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (2nd Right) flanked by Left to Right: Mr. Yusuf Kiranda and Mr. Evarist Bainomugisha inspects one of the student exhibitions.

The Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe commended the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering for nurturing innovations that reflect both creativity and commercial potential. He observed that many of the student products exhibited could be patented, scaled up, and exported, provided their shelf life, packaging, and branding are further improved. Emphasizing that innovation must go beyond classroom projects, Prof. Nawangwe urged students to view their work as viable enterprises capable of transforming communities and creating employment. He also pledged the university’s support in helping innovators register companies and access product certification, even suggesting that Makerere could subsidize related costs. He further called for closer collaboration with economists and marketers to assess product feasibility, adding that the university’s innovation ecosystem should include a dedicated marketing unit. He concluded by reminding students that their ideas hold the power to reshape Uganda’s economy and uplift livelihoods. “Don’t think what you’re doing is small. You’re contributing to transforming a whole society,” he said, adding that “You will not need to go out looking for jobs; you will be creating them.”

Dr. Julia Kigozi (2nd Right) joins the Vice Chancellor on an inspection of the Agri Farm Team's exhibit. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Julia Kigozi (2nd Right) joins the Vice Chancellor on an inspection of the Agri Farm Team’s exhibit.

The Dean of the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering, Prof. Julia Kigozi, expressed heartfelt gratitude to the Vice Chancellor and the university management for their continued support toward the school’s initiatives. She noted that the exhibition was a reflection of the hard work and creativity of students who are being equipped not only with technical skills but also with the mindset to innovate and contribute meaningfully to industry. Prof. Kigozi highlighted that the school’s projects have significant potential for commercialization and industry collaboration, made possible through ongoing support and funding. She reaffirmed the school’s commitment to nurturing practical, industry-relevant training that empowers students to apply their knowledge beyond the classroom. “When you see the students out here working hard, they are very encouraged,” she said, adding that “what they are doing demonstrates a lot of potential for products to go out for commercialization and for creating training platforms that can support industry in various ways.”

Mr. Gilbert Buregyeya. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Gilbert Buregyeya.

Mr. Gilbert Buregyeya, Programs Lead of the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Centre (MIIC), commended the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering for its commitment to innovation and practical learning. He noted that the partnership between MIIC and the school has been instrumental in redesigning the curriculum to emphasize commercialization and market readiness of student projects. Highlighting ongoing efforts to make the certification process more accessible for young inventors, he revealed discussions with the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) aimed at developing flexible, lower-cost certification pathways that allow students to test their products in the market.

Prof. Nawangwe (Left) interacts with the Green Farm Tractor Team. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Nawangwe (Left) interacts with the Green Farm Tractor Team.

Mr. Buregyeya further emphasized the importance of cross-college collaboration within the university, pointing to successful engagements with other colleges such as COFA and Queensland College. He expressed optimism that Makerere’s innovation ecosystem will soon produce groundbreaking, market-ready products capable of competing globally. “We are happy that the journey is underway this semester,” he said, adding that “our goal is to support young innovators to move from small markets to compete with the bigger ones outside, and to make certification and commercialization more attainable for students.”

Prof. Edward Bbaale makes closing remarks. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Edward Bbaale makes closing remarks.

Representing the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), Prof. Edward Bbaale commended the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering for integrating innovation and entrepreneurship into academic training. He described the student exhibition as a celebration of “innovation, action, purpose and science that transforms,” noting that such initiatives align with national goals of value addition, sustainability, and community transformation. Prof. Bbaale emphasized that the showcased projects — spanning food, nutrition, and engineering — demonstrate how students are emerging as entrepreneurial learners and change agents addressing real-world challenges.

Prof. Bbaale and officials present the Best Overall award to Team Agri Farm. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Bbaale and officials present the Best Overall award to Team Agri Farm.

He acknowledged the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Centre (MIIC) for supporting student-led research and urged innovators to remain focused, ethical, and community-oriented in their ventures. Commending the mentors and staff for their guidance, he reaffirmed the university’s commitment to building a research-intensive, innovation-driven ecosystem that supports ideas from concept to commercialization. “Never involve yourself in a business when you are not serving a community problem,” he advised, adding that “you have shown resilience, creativity and passion — proving that innovation knows no bounds. The future belongs to those who are ready to build it.”

Prof. Bbaale and officials present the First Runner-Up award to Team Green Farm Tractor. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Bbaale and officials present the First Runner-Up award to Team Green Farm Tractor.

The exhibition concluded with the recognition of the top-performing student innovation groups, celebrating their creativity, technical skill, and market potential. Umoja Lacto Blend emerged as the Second Runner-Up, impressing judges with its unique product concept and strong value-addition focus. The First Runner-Up, Green Farm Tractor, showcased an innovative engineering solution designed to improve agricultural efficiency and accessibility for smallholder farmers. Taking the top spot was Agri Farm, whose outstanding innovation, clear business model, and readiness for market positioned them as the overall winners of the 2025 cohort. Their achievements reflected the high caliber of talent within SFTNB and the transformative potential of student-led entrepreneurship.

Prof. Bbaale and officials present the Second Runner-Up award to Team Umoja Lacto Blend. School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering (SFTNB), in partnership with the Makerere Innovation and Incubation Center (MIIC), third edition of Entrepreneurship Exhibition on 12th November 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Bbaale and officials present the Second Runner-Up award to Team Umoja Lacto Blend.

Eve Nakyanzi

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Agriculture & Environment

Vice Chancellor Closes International Conference on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Action

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Right to Left: Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Dr. Logan Cochrane, Dr. Haris Akram, and Dr. Julia Kigozi at the closing ceremony on 29th October 2025. Makerere University hosts the International Conference and Training Workshop on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Actions (ICTW-FSTCA 2025) under the COMSTECH Forum for Environment and Ecosystem Restoration (CFEER). Closing Ceremony, 29th October 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Certificates awarded to participants as Makerere reaffirms commitment to climate-smart agriculture

Makerere University has today October 29, 2025 closed the International Conference on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Action, with participants awarded certificates for their contribution and completion of the intensive two-day engagements. The conference brought together researchers, policymakers, students, and international partners to deliberate on how to transform food systems in the face of growing climate challenges.

Speaking at the closing ceremony held at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe commended the organizers and participants for their active engagement and commitment to addressing challenges in food systems and climate change.

“This training has been very useful. Every conference I attend teaches me something new, and I can see that this has been a rich learning experience for everyone here,” said Prof. Nawangwe. “We must continue to innovate and work closely with smallholder farmers to ensure that even the smallest pieces of land are used productively. Technology, artificial intelligence, and affordable irrigation systems can make a real difference.”

Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe. Makerere University hosts the International Conference and Training Workshop on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Actions (ICTW-FSTCA 2025) under the COMSTECH Forum for Environment and Ecosystem Restoration (CFEER). Closing Ceremony, 29th October 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe.

The Vice Chancellor emphasized the importance of turning university research into practical solutions that benefit communities, noting that Makerere’s scientists must go beyond publications to create commercial products and start enterprises that add value to their innovations.

“Our professors should not only retire on government pension but also on royalties from their innovations,” he added. “We must transform our research into products and services that create jobs and wealth.”

He further highlighted the importance of protecting intellectual property and promoting collaboration between universities and industries, drawing lessons from global examples such as Malaysia and China, where research and innovation have powered industrial growth.

Dr. Julia Kigozi. Makerere University hosts the International Conference and Training Workshop on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Actions (ICTW-FSTCA 2025) under the COMSTECH Forum for Environment and Ecosystem Restoration (CFEER). Closing Ceremony, 29th October 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Julia Kigozi.

Representing the Principal of CAES, Dr. Julia Kigozi, the Dean of the School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Bioengineering, appreciated the Vice Chancellor for gracing the conference and commended participants for their enthusiasm.

“We explored challenges, trends, and opportunities in food systems and climate change, and this conference has given our researchers and PhD students valuable insights,” she said. “It reminded us that while challenges are shared across countries, we can each start small and still make a difference.”

Dr. John Baptist Tumuhairwe, one of the conveners, emphasized the importance of integrating climate action into food systems transformation, noting that the conference had strengthened Makerere’s networks in food and agricultural sciences.

Dr. John Baptist Tumuhairwe. Makerere University hosts the International Conference and Training Workshop on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Actions (ICTW-FSTCA 2025) under the COMSTECH Forum for Environment and Ecosystem Restoration (CFEER). Closing Ceremony, 29th October 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. John Baptist Tumuhairwe.

“This meeting has expanded our collaborations and reaffirmed the university’s leadership in advancing sustainable food systems,” he said. “It was also deliberate in engaging the youth, who are our next generation of innovators.”

On behalf of the OIC Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH), Dr. Haris Akram, the Program Manager, thanked Makerere University for hosting the international gathering and reiterated the need for continued collaboration.

“We must ask ourselves whether this workshop will make a difference in our lives and practices,” he remarked. “The real success lies in how we apply the knowledge gained to improve food security and sustainability.”

Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) presents a certificate to Dr. Haris Akram (Left). Makerere University hosts the International Conference and Training Workshop on Food Systems Transformation for Climate Actions (ICTW-FSTCA 2025) under the COMSTECH Forum for Environment and Ecosystem Restoration (CFEER). Closing Ceremony, 29th October 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) presents a certificate to Dr. Haris Akram (Left).

The conference, organized by Makerere University’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in partnership with OIC-COMSTECH, brought together experts from across Africa and Asia to share experiences on sustainable food production, agro-processing, and climate-smart innovations.

Officially closing the conference, Prof. Nawangwe in his remarks reaffirmed Makerere University’s commitment to leading research and innovation in agriculture, food systems, and climate resilience.

“Agriculture remains the backbone of our country and the most important driver of our future,” he concluded. “Let us put our heads and hands together to transform this sector and build a sustainable future for our people.”

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

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