Local governments across the country continue to struggle with funding for infrastructure development. The government of Uganda has been exploring ways to enhance the financial autonomy of local governments, including improving their capacity to borrow responsibly for development projects. This includes capacity-building initiatives and reforms to streamline the borrowing process albeit with little success. This is because of the stringent laws surrounding borrowing as well as the local government’s creditworthiness, which is influenced by factors such as revenue collection efficiency and financial management practices, affects its ability to borrow and the terms of borrowing.
It is against this background that researchers from the School of Business partnered with United nations Capital Development Fund to undertake a study on “Enabling new Cites to Access Private Capital for Local Investments.” The research team, led by Dr. Yusuf Kiwala, who undertook a study of Arua and Mbale city, have proposed a framework, which if adopted could help local government address their development challenges.
In a groundbreaking move, local governments in Uganda are set to revolutionize their approach to funding infrastructure projects with the introduction of a comprehensive financing framework. This new strategy aims to enhance collaboration between public and private sectors, ensuring sustainable development across the country.
Speaking during the dissemination workshop in Mbale City on August 1, 2024, Dr Kiwala while unveiling the framework said the new financing framework is built on several key elements, each designed to address specific aspects of funding infrastructure projects. These elements include the contribution of resources by various actors, diverse funding sources, external triggers of change, financing instruments, and financing structures.
Actors Contributing Resources: The framework emphasizes collaboration and community engagement. It involves a range of stakeholders, including government entities, private investors, and commercial lenders, working together to pool resources and share risks.
Funding Sources: The framework taps into multiple funding sources, both public and private. National, international, and local governments, along with donors and impact investors, are expected to play significant roles in financing infrastructure initiatives.
External Triggers of Change: This element focuses on the various external factors that can initiate or accelerate infrastructure projects. These include regulatory changes, market forces, economic incentives, and financial reforms.
Financing Instruments: A variety of financing instruments are available under the framework. These include grants, equity investments, short-term and long-term loans, user fees, loan rebates, bonds, and guarantees. This diversity allows for flexibility and adaptability in funding approaches.
Financing Structures: The framework incorporates innovative financing structures such as pooled finance, special purpose vehicles, revolving funds, project finance, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and leasing arrangements. These structures are designed to enhance financial stability and efficiency in project implementation.
The new framework outlines specific mechanisms to operationalize these elements. These mechanisms include:
Collaboration and community engagement to foster collective ownership of projects.
Funding from a mix of government sources, donors, and commercial lenders.
Regulatory and market-driven changes that create conducive environments for infrastructure investments.
A wide range of financial instruments to meet the diverse needs of projects.
Structured financing options to ensure robust and sustainable funding models.
Impact and Future Prospects
This innovative financing framework is poised to transform the landscape of infrastructure development in Uganda. By leveraging diverse funding sources and adopting flexible financing structures, local governments will be better equipped to undertake critical infrastructure projects that drive economic growth and improve public services.
The introduction of this framework also signals a shift towards more inclusive and sustainable development practices. With community engagement and risk-sharing at its core, the framework ensures that infrastructure projects are not only financially viable but also socially equitable.
As Uganda embarks on this new path, the success of the financing framework will likely serve as a model for other developing countries facing similar challenges in funding infrastructure development. The future looks promising as local governments, in collaboration with various stakeholders, pave the way for a brighter and more prosperous Uganda.
The Principal Assistant Town clerk – Northern Division, Ms. Annet Nandudu, expressed optimism for the future, saying that with continued collaboration and strategic planning, the challenges can be overcome. Ms. Nandudu the importance of transparency and accountability in the financing framework to ensure that resources are utilized efficiently and effectively. She also highlighted the need for ongoing capacity building to strengthen local government institutions and empower communities to participate in decision-making processes.
On his part, Mr. Julius Masereka, Principal Urban Officer, Ministry of Local Government, said the government was committed to the successful implementation of such initiatives. He emphasized the importance of collaboration between the government and local communities to ensure sustainable development. He called on the LGs to write bankable projects so that they can access funding from various sources and contribute to the overall development of their communities.
Research team
Dr. Yusuf Kiwala Mr. Kanakulya Ronald Ms. Maureen Nandaula Dr. Kintu Ismail
The Public Investment Management Centre of Excellence (PIMCoE), hosted by the College of Business and Management Sciences at Makerere University, successfully concluded the training of its 4th cohort of public officers on November 15, 2024. This capacity-building program focused on the User Acceptance Training on Guidelines for Clearance of Financial Implications, a critical process mandated by Section 76 of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA), 2015.
Under the PFMA, every bill presented to Parliament must include a Certificate of Financial Implications (CFI) issued by the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED). The preparation of the Statement of Financial Implications (SFI), which forms the basis for the CFI, is the responsibility of Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). This statement provides detailed revenue and expenditure estimates and projected savings over a minimum of two years’ post-enactment.
Empowering MDAs with Essential Skills
The training sessions, which began last week and will continue into the following week, aim to equip MDAs with the skills required to prepare robust SFIs. These competencies are essential for MoFPED Budget Analysts to review and draft CFIs or Letters of Financial Clearance effectively.
The 4th cohort comprised officers from key institutions, including the Ministry of Lands, Ministry of Agriculture, National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), Uganda Land Commission, Ministry of Local Government, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), and the Ministry of Kampala, among others.
A Step Toward Transparent and Accountable Governance
Speaking at the closing ceremony, Mr. Moses Sonko, Principal Economist at MoFPED, commended the initiative and acknowledged the value it brings to Uganda’s public policy and legislative processes. Representing the Permanent Secretary of MoFPED, Mr. Sonko highlighted the importance of the training in strengthening governance frameworks.
“This training was developed to equip us with tools and knowledge essential for our roles in ensuring that Uganda’s policy and legislative proposals are financially sound, transparent, and align with national priorities,” Mr. Sonko remarked. He encouraged participants to apply their newly acquired skills to enhance policy preparation and implementation.
He also emphasized the multi-dimensional nature of the training, which enables officers to identify the financial, social, environmental, and economic impacts of proposed bills and policies.
Participant Feedback
Participants expressed their enthusiasm and gratitude for the training. Mr. Davis Kwizera from the National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank (NAGRC&DB) shared his positive experience, stating: “This training has offered a wealth of knowledge and an in-depth understanding of policy processes. It will significantly enhance our ability to prepare relevant policy documents. If you’ve taken the courses on Financial and Risk Analysis as well as Investment Appraisal and Risk Analysis, this program completes the package.”
The new guidelines for the clearance of financial implications will officially take effect in July 2025. PIMCoE remains committed to building the capacity of public officers to ensure that Uganda’s legislative and policy frameworks are underpinned by sound financial and risk analyses, fostering a culture of accountability and sustainable development.
For more updates on PIMCoE programs and upcoming training sessions, visit PIMCoE’s official website.
In a pivotal workshop held at Makerere University on November 12, stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers gathered to discuss the progress and emerging issues in the implementation of Uganda’s Parish Development Model (PDM). This transformative model, conceptualized by Prof. Ezra Suruma, aims to tackle some of Uganda’s most pressing socio-economic challenges: poverty, unemployment, and limited access to essential services, particularly in healthcare and agriculture.
Prof. Suruma, the architect of PDM, underscored the crucial role of researchers in creating wealth-empowering strategies for Ugandans. “The PDM is designed to eradicate poverty, promote economic inclusion, improve service delivery, and modernize agriculture,” Prof. Suruma stated. He highlighted that the model not only provides a pathway for Uganda’s rural households to participate in the economy but also aims to address the underlying issues that leave many citizens unable to afford basic needs.
The Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, commended Prof. Suruma’s visionary leadership and the significant impact PDM is expected to have on communities across Uganda. “The PDM stands as one of the largest government interventions aimed at eradicating poverty and uplifting communities,” he remarked. Prof. Nawangwe also emphasized Makerere University’s commitment to supporting PDM through the PDM Lab hosted by the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), which serves as a hub for real-time data analysis to guide the implementation of PDM activities across the country.
The PDM Lab at CoBAMS, led by Prof. Eria Hisali and funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is instrumental in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data that can shape PDM policies at the grassroots level. During the workshop, Dr. Suruma extended his appreciation to UNDP for their support and acknowledged the researchers for their efforts in generating valuable insights into the effectiveness of PDM.
Despite Uganda’s notable economic growth in recent years, poverty remains a persistent challenge, with a significant portion of the population struggling to meet basic needs. Unemployment rates, especially among youth, are high, limiting economic opportunities for the country’s largest demographic. Access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas, is another critical issue, with many Ugandans unable to afford or reach essential medical services. These challenges underscore the need for initiatives like the PDM that are designed to create sustainable economic opportunities, improve household incomes, and ensure equitable access to services.
“PDM seeks to empower households to create wealth, ultimately reducing dependence on subsistence farming and encouraging local economic development,” Prof. Suruma emphasized. He believes that the model’s holistic approach will foster greater self-sufficiency among Uganda’s communities by addressing poverty from multiple angles, including agricultural modernization, financial literacy, and service accessibility.
As the workshop concluded, participants expressed optimism about PDM’s potential to drive sustainable change. Prof. Nawangwe reiterated Makerere University’s dedication to supporting this national initiative, affirming that the PDM Lab will continue to play a key role in assessing and enhancing the model’s effectiveness.
The Parish Development Model offers a beacon of hope for millions of Ugandans striving for a better quality of life, aligning with Uganda’s broader aspirations for economic growth, social equity, and sustainable development.
On November 11, 2024 the School of Business held a research dissemination workshop led by Dr. Jude Thaddeo Mugarura, a lecturer and researcher whose study focused on “Managing the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Operating Environment for Sustainable Service Delivery in Uganda’s Tourism Sector.” The event also featured research by his student, Simon Peter Kyomuhendo, who presented findings on “Public Private Partnership Adoption, Local Content Utilization, and Value for Money in the Ugandan Health Sector.”
Both studies, which delve into the role of PPPs in two crucial sectors—tourism and health—aim to provide insights into how strategic partnerships between public and private entities can address pressing service delivery challenges in Uganda. Dr. Mugarura’s study in the tourism sector emphasized the importance of a stable operating environment for PPPs, highlighting the need for clear policies, regulatory support, and sustainable practices that allow both public and private stakeholders to thrive. His research suggests that a conducive PPP environment is essential for Uganda’s tourism sector to achieve sustainability, attract international visitors, and create job opportunities, while preserving the country’s cultural and natural heritage.
Kyomuhendo’s research, titled “Public Private Partnership Adoption, Local Content Utilization, and Value for Money in the Ugandan Health Sector,” explored how PPPs can improve value for money (VFM) in healthcare delivery by encouraging local content utilization. His findings revealed a positive correlation between PPP adoption and VFM in healthcare, suggesting that well-structured partnerships can enhance efficiency and service quality. However, he noted that while PPPs support infrastructure development and resource allocation, local content utilization does not always have a strong moderating effect on VFM, indicating potential areas for policy improvement to ensure meaningful local engagement.
Dean of the School of Business, Prof. Godfrey Akileng, lauded the researchers for their dedication to tackling critical issues in Uganda’s development sectors. “These studies bring much-needed evidence to the table, demonstrating the potential of PPPs to transform our tourism and health sectors,” Prof. Akileng remarked. He emphasized that such research is pivotal to Makerere University’s commitment to producing actionable knowledge that aligns with Uganda’s national development goals.
Prof. Akileng extended his gratitude to the Carnegie Corporation of New York for supporting these projects, acknowledging that their funding was instrumental in advancing impactful research. “The generosity of our donor has enabled us to conduct thorough research and share insights that will inform policy and guide sustainable development efforts in Uganda,” he added.
The workshop encouraged discussion among participants, including policymakers, private sector representatives, and university staff, on the importance of PPPs in creating a resilient service delivery model. Dr. Mugarura highlighted the need for continual assessment of the PPP framework to adapt to evolving economic and social demands. He recommended that the government prioritize regulatory improvements and capacity building for local firms to enhance their role in PPP projects.
The dissemination workshop concluded with a collective call for increased collaboration between the public and private sectors. Both researchers emphasized that strategic partnerships hold the key to addressing Uganda’s service delivery challenges and achieving sustainable growth in tourism and healthcare.