General
Address the quality of Higher Education degrees and their relevance to Africa
By Maureen Agena and Agaba Issa Mugabo
RUFORUM, a vibrant organisation of 170 universities in 40 countries across Africa hosted by the Government of Uganda at Makerere University since 2004 is celebrating its 20th anniversary on the margins of its second Triennial conference currently underway in Windhoek, Namibia.
The Regional Universities for Capacity building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) seeks to facilitate the creation of ‘Vibrant transformative universities catalysing sustainable inclusive agricultural development to feed and create prosperity for Africa’. The Second triennial conference which is hosted by the Government of Namibia and RUFORUM member Universities in Namibia, is taking place from 12-16 August, 2024 under the theme “Operationalising Higher Agricultural Education and Research Ecosystems for Innovation, Industrialisation, and Economic Development in Africa: A Call for Action.”
Represented by different universities spanning the globe, Vice Chancellors, Deans and Principals, University registrars, policy-makers, researchers, scientists and student have gathered in Namibia to discuss ways of transforming agriculture in Africa through innovative scientific research, educational and training approaches.
The Minister of Higher Education, training and innovation of the Republic of Namibia, Hon. Dr. Itah Kandjii Murangi on behalf of the President H.E. Nangolo Mbumba, officially opened the Second RUFORUM Triennial Conference on 12 August 2024.
The Minister who noted that the conference theme calls for immediate action to secure the posterity of our continent, warned against existing climate change and increased weather variability that is already with us and affecting agriculture, which in Namibia employs 70% of the population and is a provider of their livelihoods. She called upon the scientists to ensure that Africa is not just a consumer of science knowledge and products but a generator of solutions that will help humanity thrive on this planet. And to achieve that, she advised that Science, Technology and Innovation must be at the forefront of every initiative
While speaking on behalf of all visiting African Ministers of Higher Education at the official opening of the conference, Hon. Dr. John Chrysestom Muyingo underscored the value of enhancing agriculture education, skills development and knowledge support, noting the urgent need for curriculum reform and skills development to combat graduate unemployment as industry increasingly indicates that graduates do not have the skills that they are looking for. To overcome the situation, he proposed that the quality of higher degree programmes and their relevance to Africa’s challenges must be addressed. Agricultural education, he noted, will be critical to enhance the quality of employment and ensure inclusive growth.
The Minister also highlighted the core value of Science, Technology and innovation as a formidable tool for achieving Agenda 2063, “the Africa We Want” of a people driven inclusive prosperity, peace and integration, and that quality education has been emphasized as a pre-requisite for economic and social development to advance Africa’s position in the global knowledge economy.
In Uganda, RUFORUM member universities include; Bishop Stuart University, Bugema University, Busitema University, Gulu University, Islamic University in Uganda, Kabale University, Kyambogo University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Makerere University, Muni University, Ndejje University, Soroti University, Uganda Christian University, Uganda Martyrs University and Uganda Technology and Management University. RUFORUM is a vibrant organization with a strategic MoU with the African Union Commission to implement priority area one of the Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa (STISA 2024).
Since its establishment, RUFORUM has supported the training of over 2,909 students (2,053 MSc, 627 PhD, and 229 Bachelors Students) from all over Africa, in different African Universities as part of building Africa’s Capacity for Capacity Development and promoting pan-Africanism, of whom 98% work in their countries or region. These efforts, apart from Human Capital Development, have contributed to knowledge generation and community impact. Some of the products of RUFORUM supported research, such as two soybean varieties developed in Uganda are now being grown throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. RUFORUM has also targeted strengthening capacity of the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in Uganda, Burundi, DR Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan and Sudan among others.
RUFORUM has also mobilized over US$236 million for African Universities that is channeled through Uganda to the various countries for strengthening postgraduate education in Africa. For Uganda specifically, RUFORUM has contributed over US$50.5 million to Uganda through research, scholarships and institutional support to universities in Uganda. Most of the support went to Makerere University, and more recently to Gulu University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology and Uganda Martyr’s University.
The triennial also kick started the second phase of a Mastercard Foundation supported project on “Transforming African Agricultural Universities to meaningfully contribute to Africa’s growth and development” (TAGDev 2.0), a program that seeks to strengthen universities and Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to drive inclusive, equitable and climate resilient transformation of agriculture and agrifood systems through experiential learning, skilling and empowering of Africa’s young people.
In his presentation at the opening ceremony of the Triennial Conference, the Executive Secretary RUFORUM, Prof. Patrick Okori noted that TAGDev 2.0 has to-date, under the expanded work and other livelihood opportunities for young women and men result area, empowered beneficiaries to run profitable enterprises and create work opportunities for themselves and others. Furthermore, under the improved adaptive agricultural production and productivity of focus value chains in target countries, he reported that TAGDev 2.0 has enabled smallholder farmers to access and utilize climate adaptive technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs).
And thirdly, under the strengthened quality of higher agricultural education outcomes within the ecosystem result area, Prof. Okori shared that TAGDev 2.0 has improved coordination among actors in the delivery of transformative and inclusive training, research and innovation by universities and TVETs.
The first Triennial was successfully held in Cotonou, Benin in 2021. This Year’s theme is a response to the urgent needs for the African governments, development partners, private sector and citizenry to take action, to invest in higher education to underpin the continent’s urgent development needs in an inclusive and sustainable way.
The Senior Program Director, Higher Education and Research in Africa, International Program, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Prof. Omotade Akin Aina on 23rd May 2025 visited Makerere University during his short trip to Kampala. Prof. Aina was received on behalf of the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe by Prof. Tony Oyana, Principal of the College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS).
During his visit, Prof. Aina met with the Project Implementation Committee, representatives from the Consolidating Early Career Academics Programme (CECAP) phase I Fellowship Cohort, and current Fellows of phase II. The meeting discussed the progress of CECAP II, which focuses on fostering academic development and research among early-career academics.
CECAP II is being implemented by Makerere University in collaboration with four other Ugandan public universities, including; Busitema University, Gulu University, Kyambogo University and Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Prof. Mukadasi Buyinza, the Project Principal Investigator was represented at the meeting by the Director of Graduate Training, Prof. Julius Kikooma.
By Moses Lutaaya
The Directorate of Graduate Training at Makerere University has equipped several Senior ranking lecturers with expert knowledge in a Training of Trainers’ workshop on “Philosophy of Methods”.
In his remarks at the opening of a 3-day training workshop at Level4 Conference Hall – Senate Building, the Director of Graduate Training Prof. Julius Kikooma said, “The teaching of Philosophy of Methods gives all participants the fundamentals to extend knowledge to other learners, hence its importance in upholding the Makerere University values.”
Kikooma urged and challenged the participants to also attend and actively participate in the follow up of learners’ training of students, stating that the PhD students need support as the directorate continues to coordinate the curriculum of PhD by-research that was approved by the senate recently.
“To holistically implement the senate approved PhD curriculum, we are coordinating capacity building trainings of all stake holders in a structured approach with the different units of the University. Many more trainings including Training of Trainers in advanced research methods course are on the way.”
He further urged the participants to be intentional in their teaching profession and in whatever they were doing, adding “Apart from focusing on practices as teachers and researchers, we can engage in wider philosophical debates in our research areas so that we are relevant in the society and in the empowerment of PhD research students.”
The participants for the Philosophy of Methods training were from College of Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Education and External Studies, Makerere University Business School among others.
During the same training, Dr. Dickson Kanakulya stressed the need to train senior lecturers in the Philosophy of Methods, saying, “The biggest connection is that societal problems require concrete research to find solutions. Our challenge in Africa is that we employ a short barrow approach to find solutions to problems. This cannot work. We need consistent researchers to solve problems. Lasting solutions to societal issues can only be got through training such as Philosophy of Methods, where researchers come up with new models for societal solutions.”
Dr. Kanakulya said that Makerere University remains the biggest research University in Africa and philosophy of Methods helps to come up with good research tools that produce good research outputs. “Research has shown that the higher the number of PhD researchers in any given country, the higher the levels of development of that country e.g. the USA, China etc., adding that research is not limited to only medicinal or agricultural related issues.”
He said philosophy of methods, encourages philosophical creativity in research, “It is meant to bring out philosophical generation of concepts, theories and ideas. It is meant to encourage students to question the existing philosophical assumptions and status quo in a given field of knowledge such that new philosophical concepts are created.”
For successful rollout of government programs like the National Development Plan 4, Dr. Kanakulya said that Philosophy of Methods training needs to be integrated into such systems. “Philosophy of Methods focuses on ethical thinking aspects. For example, for a better rollout of the Parish Development Model, we need implementers to be ethical.” He added.
Prof. Sulait Tumwiine, the associate Dean of Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research at MUBS said, “This is a discussion where new ideas are shared to guide and gauge applicability in the current knowledge diversity coupled with lots of technological development including Artificial Intelligence and Chat GPT.”
He added, “As professors of Universities, we need to understand how we leverage on what comes up so that it does not take our space, but also appreciate how we can support growth of knowledge. The Philosophy of Methods training is the answer.”
Dr. Jim Spire Ssentongo highlighted that Philosophy uses more of the critical mind than Science. He added that philosophy is more of speculation of the mind.
“Sustainability of philosophy Education encourages us to continue training. Philosophy being the oldest discipline retained special status in the academia as a pinnacle of pursuit of knowledge. All disciplines have major elements of philosophy citing examples in the philosophy of Mathematics and Physics.
Dr. Spire added, “If you do not understand philosophy, you cannot deeply investigate anything because philosophy is the reality of understanding everything. Philosophy is the basis of understanding what knowledge is and how it is arrived at.”
Also participating in the workshop was Prof. Joseph Ntaayi from MUBS, in his remarks he said PhD students need the philosophy of methods training to understand how to best to create knowledge. He added that ontological and epistemological questions that lead to good research design methods can only be answered by this training.
Dr. Robert Kakuru, a Lecturer in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences said that the Philosophy of Methods training is needed by every graduate student as well as supervisors to critically determine the choice of methods to use in academic research. For example, “If one wants to use a questionnaire as an interview approach, one should understand, why that approach and yet without this training, the why cannot be answered.” He added.
The Philosophy of Methods training was organized by Directorate of Graduate Training with funding support from the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA).
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