Health
Mak Grants Professors David Serwadda, Phillipa Musoke a Lifetime Professor Emeritus Appointment
Professor David Serwadda has been offered a lifetime professor emeritus position at Makerere University. This decision was reached at the 489th meeting of Makerere University Council, the supreme governing body of the university, on recommendation and nomination of the chief academic organ of the University, the Senate acknowledging his exceptional contributions to academia.
The prestigious title of Emeritus Professor, is bestowed upon retired professors in line with the university’s policies, aims to retain exemplary scholars who have reached the mandatory retirement age. This is in accordance with the University’s Policy and Procedures for The Award of The Title “Emeritus Professor”; The purpose is to retain an academician who has attained his or her mandatory retirement age under the existing Employment Policy of the University.
Pursuant to university policy, an Emeritus Professor is expected to embody a set of key responsibilities, such as mentoring, continuous knowledge generation in his or her field of specialization, and promoting research and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Professor Serwadda, 67, is an icon of academic excellence, prolific researcher and an expert in infectious disease-focused public health deeply interested in HIV clinical drug trials, HIV epidemiology, infectious disease surveillance, and HIV intervention program assessment. His great contributions have had a significant impact on the academic landscape over the course of a distinguished professional history that extend over 35 years having been appointed in Makerere University in 1993 and gone through the ranks to full Professor. This has been demonstrated in his research endeavors at Makerere University, leadership roles, and comprehensive teaching across undergraduate, master’s, and PhD levels.
In 1982, Professor Serwadda received his medical degree from Makerere University after which he went to Newcastle Upton Tyne Medical School in England for a Master of Science in Medicine in 1987. In 1990, he completed his Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine Makerere University in 1990 and subsequently obtained a Master of Public Health (Epidemiology) from the John Hopkins School of Hygiene in the United States in 1991. In recognition of his outstanding leadership in the HIV/AIDS response and his noteworthy scientific accomplishments, John Hopkins University awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2011.
In his illustrious university service career, that started off in the Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health at Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), then Institute of Public Health (IPH). He was director and eventually Dean of the School of Public health for 8 years. Professor Serwadda is commended for his meritorious service to Makerere University he has excelled in teaching, mentorship of students and junior staff made significant contribution to both national and international research. Notable for his resourcefulness, extensive networks, and scholarly integrity, Prof. Serwadda’s vast contributions significantly elevated infectious disease research, boasting an impressive repertoire of approximately 400 publications.
He was instrumental in the founding of the Rakai Health Sciences Program, Makerere Walter Reed Project, and the Infectious Disease Institute (IDI) enhancing prominence both domestically and globally by means of innovative research endeavors.
Moreover, Prof. Serwadda’s remarkable memberships in eminent professional associations, broad committee participation, and recent appointment as Senior Editor of the acclaimed eLife Journal highlight his worldwide influence and dedication to the promotion of public health.
He is a reviewer of research proposals for; the National Institute of Health, Non-communicable illness in low-middle income countries 2016-; and Wellcome trust, population and public health 2008- and has attracted the University numerous research funds. Currently, he is the chair of the fundraising committee for MakSPH infrastructure, where he initiated the conversation with Johns Hopkins University and worked with the dean to negotiate a partnership that led to in the 1.1 million USD construction grant from Johns Hopkins University for American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA).
Professor Serwadda has demonstrated outstanding leadership in community service while serving in important roles at Makerere University, including Dean of the School of Public Health (2007–2009) and Director of the Institute of Public Health (2002–2007). Prior, he headed the Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control from 1999 to 2002 and served as the Executive Director of the Rakai Health Sciences Program from 1998 to 2017. He championed the creation of the MakSPH Grants Committee and Office, which he served as its chair until 2021. He currently serves on the Grants Management Committee of the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (MakRIF).
Several awards and honors have been bestowed upon Professor Serwadda. These include the following: The Visionary Guidance award by Uganda Health Marketing Group (2016); the Outstanding dedication to the HIV and AID response through services to TASO award in 2015; the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health founder; and the visionary and exceptional leadership in nurturing the HIV fellowship PROGRAM – 2014. Award of appreciation given in honor of the exceptional volume of scientific publications in 2013 Distinguished Service Award, British Council, 2008; Pioneer in Behavior-Based HIV Prevention, Harvard University, December 2006; Honorary Doctorate, John Hopkins University, May 2011; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Alumni Knowledge of the World Award, October 2010.
The Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe described the duo as long-serving and dedicated academics, who have diligently served Makerere University and Uganda at the College of Health Sciences until retirement.
“By accepting the appointment of Professor Emeritus, both Prof. Philippa Musoke and Prof. David Serwadda have expressed their readiness to allow Makerere University to continue tapping into their expertise and wealth of experience to mentor the next generation of academics and researchers, and to continuously generate knowledge in their fields of specialization, and promote research, publications and innovation. I thank them for their selfless service and congratulate them on this achievement,” said Professor Nawangwe.
Professor Philippa Musoke (MBChB, FAAP, PhD) is a US board-certified Paediatric Infectious Diseases specialist in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine College of Health Sciences, Makerere University and is currently based at the Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration in Kampala Uganda. Prof. Musoke chairs the Ministry of Health PMTCT and the paediatric antiretroviral treatment technical subcommittees.
Prof. Musoke has dedicated the past 28 years to teaching at the Makerere Medical School, treating sick children at the Mulago National Referral Hospital, and conducting research at MU-JHU Care Ltd. She has supervised and mentored numerous medical students, postgraduate students including PhD candidates, and junior faculty. At MUJHU, she has mentored and inspired multiple junior investigators, enabling them to become independent investigators. Prof. Musoke is dedicated and committed to excellence in clinical care, training and research.
She is currently the international vice chair of the US, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Division of AIDS, IMPAACT network. Prof. Musoke has published over 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals, presented research findings at national and international conferences, and contributed to the prevention and management of HIV globally. Prof. Musoke is a technical advisor for WHO and other international health organizations.
Since 1995, she has conducted multiple perinatal HIV prevention clinical trials addressing important challenges like the benefit of single dose nevirapine (NVP) to the mother at the onset of labor and her infant at birth to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) (HIVNET012), infant nevirapine dosing for prevention of breast milk HIV transmission (HPTN046), and the benefit of triple antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding in further reducing MTCT (PROMISE).
Health
Mak Researchers Partner with Safe Bangle Technologies to Roll out a Real-Time Domestic Violence Reporting Bracelet
By Joseph Odoi
A Consortium of Researchers from Makerere University School of Public Health/Resilient Africa Network (MakSPH/RAN), Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Somero Uganda together with Safe Bangle Technologies have rolled out a real time domestic violence reporting bracelet.
This roll out was made possible with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the PARTNERSHIPS FOR ENHANCED ENGAGEMENT IN RESEARCH (PEER) program and the National Academies of Sciences.
Dr. Juliet Kiguli, the Principal Investigator from Makerere University, along with Dr. Roy Mayega, Deputy Chief of Party at RAN, and Dr. Agnes Nyabigambo, the study coordinator, initiated the PEER program to identify entry points for testing SafeBangle Technologies (a social enterprise based at Resilient Africa Network (RAN) with a mission to create a safer and more secure environment for women and children through innovative, affordable, and creative technology solutions to curb GBV in Africa.) wearable safety bracelet in the informal settlements. This decision stemmed from findings of increased intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV) in three informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda, following a longitudinal study, geospatial mapping, and interviews. The project, titled ‘The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender-Based Violence among Women and Girls in Informal Settlements in Kampala,’ highlighted the urgent need for affordable and immediate reporting mechanisms for violence.”
‘’While carrying out a study after the Covid-19 Pandemic, we identified gaps when it comes to reporting and response to Gender Based Violence (GBV) among women in informal settlements. Therefore, we used incorporated the SafeBangle intervention to solve the problem of lack of affordable and immediate reporting mechanisms for violence using a bracelet that reports violence in real time’’ explained Dr. Kiguli.
Innovation details
According to Saul Kabali and Messach Luminsa, the innovators behind SafeBangle from SafeBangle Technologies, hosted at the Resilient African Network Lab. ‘’The inspiration behind SafeBangle came from a deeply personal place. ‘’We heard countless stories of women who couldn’t call for help during moments of danger. We were deeply affected by the story of Aisha, a young woman in a rural village who was attacked while walking home alone at night. With no way to call for help, she felt helpless and vulnerable. This incident made us realize the critical need for immediate reporting alert tools, accessible to women like Aisha. We knew technology could play a crucial role and this incident awakened a strong desire in us to create a solution’’
“While developing SafeBangle, we tested with the users in both rural and urban contexts. We piloted the innovation around Kampala with support from Digital Human Righs Lab and Naguru Youth Health Network as well as it in five districts of Karamoja region with support from Save the Children and Response Innovation Lab. Right now it has become handy in Kamapala‘s informal settlements. We envision a future where SafeBangle becomes a standard tool in the fight against GBV, ensuring every woman feels safe and secure as it has the potential to transform how we respond to GBV in Africa” added Kabali.
HOW THE SAFEBANGLE TECHNOLOGY WORKS
The SafeBangle is wearable technology similar to a smartwatch that sends an alarm by SMS to people chosen by a woman herself if she feels threatened.
In terms of the acceptability of the SafeBangle innovation as a solution to GBV among at-risk women in informal settlements Of the 72 adolescent girls and women who received the SafeBangle, 22 activated the reporting button, resulting in 19 receiving immediate and appropriate support, including counseling, police intervention, and health services.
All adolescent girls and women who experienced GBV received a phone call from Somero Uganda to discuss the most appropriate intervention, including counseling, police cases being handled by the probation office, referral for health services, and post-exposure prophylaxis. All the GBV survivors received support and are still receiving continuous follow-up.
Researchers conducted a survey among 644 girls and women in Kinawataka (Nakawa Division) and Bwaise (Kawempe Division) to gain insights into awareness and understanding of sexual and gender-based violence among adolescent girls and women in informal settlements. The survey measured socioeconomic factors, mental health symptoms, and exposure to GBV. Focus group interviews were conducted with a separate sample of women over 18 in the settlements to explore responses to GBV.
A tabular representation of the key findings and lessons learned from your study on gender-based violence (GBV)
| Key Findings | Lessons learned |
| Prevalence of GBV. – Overall prevalence: 34.1% of women and girls reported experiencing GBV. – Among adolescents (15-19 years): Over 50% reported experiencing GBV. | – The pandemic highlighted the need for accessible and comprehensive support services for GBV survivors. – Schools emerged as crucial safe spaces for girls, emphasizing their well-being during crises. – Economic independence proved crucial, enabling women to leave abusive environments. – Involving men and boys as allies in GBV prevention efforts is essential. |
| Age-related trends | – GBV prevalence tends to decrease with increasing age. |
| Physical and health consequences. | – Women and girls suffered physical violence, injuries, and deaths, primarily from domestic violence and unsafe abortions due to limited healthcare access. – GBV resulted in unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) like HIV/AIDS. |
| Social and economic impact. . | – GBV contributed to family breakups, strained marriages due to financial stress. – Economic hardships forced some women and girls into transactional sex, exposing them to further health risks and exploitation. – Pandemic-related job losses and economic constraints increased financial dependence on abusers, trapping women in violent situations. – School closures and increased household responsibilities limited women’s job opportunities and subjected them to sexual harassment. |
| Psychological effects | – Survivors experienced guilt, shame, anxiety, fear, and suicidal thoughts due to ongoing abuse. |
| Long-term effects | – Post-COVID-19, survivors faced disrupted education, early marriages, pregnancies, social stigma, and persistent mental health issues. |
Reproductive Health Consequences: GBV resulted in unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) like HIV/AIDS.
Family Breakdown: The rise in GBV led to family breakups as women fled abusive relationships. Marriages were strained due to increased financial stress.
Transactional Sex for Survival: Desperate for basic needs due to job losses and economic hardship, some women and girls resorted to transactional sex, exposing them to further health risks and exploitation.
One study participant stated, “The time of COVID-19 was so terrible for some of us. We in fact got a lot of diseases from it because you would want to get food and didn’t have money. That way you would be forced to get a man who would use you and pay.” – (FGD_Girls_19–24years_Kinawataka).
Economic Effects: COVID-19 restrictions caused job losses and limited economic opportunities, particularly for women in the informal sector. This increased financial dependence on abusers and trapped women in violent situations.
Limited Access to Employment: School closures and increased household chores limited women’s ability to seek employment, perpetuating gender inequality in the workforce. Some faced sexual harassment from potential employers.
Psychological Effects: Survivors of GBV experienced guilt, shame, anxiety, fear, and even suicidal thoughts due to the constant threat and unpredictability of abuse.
Post-COVID Effects: GBV survivors faced long-term consequences, including disrupted education, early marriage, early pregnancy, social stigma, and persistent mental health issues.
Lessons learned
The pandemic highlighted the need for accessible and comprehensive support services for survivors of GBV, the significance of schools as safe spaces for girls, and the need to prioritize their well-being during crises. Economic empowerment emerged as a significant protective factor for women and girls. Those with greater economic independence were better equipped to leave abusive environments and secure their safety and well-being, while dependent ones suffered abuses. Engaging men and boys as allies in the fight against GBV and involving them in prevention efforts can help promote positive behavior change and foster more equitable relationships.
Recommendations
To address GBV against women and girls, the researchers recommend the following moving forward;
- There is need to integrate technology-driven solutions like SafeBangle into national GBV prevention and response strategies. SafeBangle can be a valuable tool for policymakers as cases of violence that would have gone unreported will be brought to light and the would-be victims will be able to get immediate help from trusted relatives and friends.
- Provide economic opportunities and vocational training for women and girls to enhance their financial independence and reduce vulnerability to violence. There is therefore a need to introduce education and training programs that empower women and girls, by providing them with skills, resources, and opportunities to start their own ventures and to participate fully in community affairs.
- Strengthen and enforce existing laws and policies related to GBV, including laws against domestic violence, child marriage, and sexual assault without discrimination be it for law enforcers, leaders, and employers where such cases were suffocated. Ensure that perpetrators are held accountable through swift and fair legal processes that have no room for corruption.
- Establish and promote effective, accessible, and confidential reporting mechanisms for GBV incidents that provide confidence and can be trusted by survivors to enhance reporting of such incidences of GBV. Community Engagement and Involvement: Involve community leaders, religious leaders, and elders in discussions about GBV to promote gender equality, change social norms, and reinforce the message that violence against women and girls is unacceptable.
- Launch extensive public awareness campaigns to challenge harmful gender norms, report cases of GBV, raise awareness about the consequences of GBV, and promote positive behaviors and attitudes towards women and girls.
- Implement comprehensive sexuality education in schools and communities, educating young people about healthy relationships, consent, and reproductive rights to be able to make informed decisions about their own lives and well-being.
- Engage men and boys as allies in the fight against GBV, encouraging them to challenge harmful masculinity norms and behaviors. This will help minimize GBV because mostly they are the perpetrators. Strengthening Support for Survivors: Provide ongoing support and follow-up services for survivors of GBV mostly counselling services to aid their recovery and facilitate their reintegration into society.
- Provide ongoing support and follow-up services for survivors of GBV, mostly counseling services to aid their recovery and facilitate their reintegration into society.
- Provide avenues to seek free or subsidized services by survivors of GBV medical services and legal processes by survivors of GBV to enhance reporting of GBV cases, access to medical care, counseling, legal support, and other essential services.
- Encourage and support more research and innovations like SafeBangle to curb incidents of GBV.
- A comprehensive and inclusive approach is required. The efforts should involve government institutions, civil society organizations, community leaders, and individuals working together to address the root causes and provide support to survivors.
- Involve media in GBV prevention activities and for enhancing campaigns against GBV mostly on radio and TV.
MORE ABOUT THE STUDY
The core project team, included researchers at Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) led by Prof. Julia Dickson-Gomez, SafeBangle Technologies, and Somero Uganda, a community-focused NGO, began the project by designing their research protocol and taking a CITI Program course on human subjects social/behavioral research. Team members also met with the Ministry of Gender, Labour, and Social Development (MGLSG) in support of the gender-based violence policy process, Ministry of Health and local government. They also established relationships with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and Nakawa and Kawempe probation offices to support legal processes for the GBV survivors. SafeBangle Team also received an award from Defenders Protection Initiative.
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