Health
Dr. Nanyeenya Nicholus Hopes to Guide Uganda’s HIV Response with Research
Published
2 years agoon

Clad in a coral red and black with green panels sewed into the front facings doctorate gown with emblems and ivory tower icons, Dr. Nicholus Nanyeenya can’t help, but, smile broadly as he fastens the long oblong sleeves. At last, his journey has come to an end, and he now holds a PhD. The vibrant colours form an indelible embroidery, weaving together the distinctive identity and essence of Makerere University.
A medical doctor by training, he has not only achieved a milestone but has emerged as a leader in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Uganda. He is part of the 132 PhD graduands in the week-long #Mak74thGrad, which begins on Monday, January 29, 2024.
Dr. Nanyeenya, popular in the corridors of Makerere University School of Public Health, as, ‘His Excellency,’ having served as a PhD Forum president studied; “Viral Non-Suppression, Perceptions and Effectiveness of Intensive Adherence Counselling among People Living with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy with Low-Level Viraemia in Uganda.”

From MD to PhD
Dr. Nanyeenya’s passion for research began with a Master’s in Public Health (MPH) at the University of Aberdeen, UK back in 2018. Witnessing the critical role research played in health system decisions, he set his sights on a PhD at Makerere University, determined to impact HIV/AIDS policies in Uganda.
“I realized the importance of research in informing policy decisions in health systems strengthening and disease control. I noticed that at times, wrong implementation strategies were done in implementing HIV programs due to inadequate research skills, and this motivated me to start my PhD.
My goal was to generate information about HIV low-level viraemia to guide the review of the HIV guidelines in Uganda. In my PhD, I aimed to enhance my research, writing, and communication skills, to enable me to become an independent researcher and global health leader in HIV research and program implementation,” says Dr. Nanyeenya.

Previously in Uganda, individuals with a viral load (VL) below 1,000 copies/ml were considered to have effectively suppressed the virus, commended for antiretroviral adherence, and encouraged to continue treatment.
However, studies elsewhere identified a significant risk for those with low-level viraemia (≥50 to <1,000 copies/ml), including the potential for HIV drug resistance and transmission to partners, especially in discordant couples.
Despite an increase from 11 percent to 35 percent in Uganda between 2017 and 2020, using a 1,000 copies/ml threshold, no interventions were implemented to address this concerning trend.
It is this situation that motivated Dr. Nanyeenya to undertake a PhD research, to generate more information to address low-level viraemia in Uganda.

Low-Level Viraemia in HIV Patients
His study revealed a surge in individuals with low-level viraemia (LLV), posing risks of drug resistance and transmission. This alarming trend prompted a swift response, influencing the revision of Uganda’s HIV guidelines.
“From my PhD research, the number of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) with LLV in Uganda increased from 2.0% in 2016 to 8.6% in 2020. LLV was associated with being male, second line regimen and being below 18 years of age. Relative to clients with a non-detectable viral load, PLHIV with LLV had 4.1 times higher risk of developing viral non-suppression, as compared to PLHIV with a non-detectable viral load (adjusted hazard ratio was 4.1, 95% CI: 3.7 to 4.7, p < 0.001),” he notes.
According to Dr. Nanyeenya, most people living with HIV were not aware of low-level viraemia, leading to a limited understanding of its associated risks. He adds that, healthcare workers providing HIV care exhibited insufficient knowledge about LLV, resulting in a lack of formal adherence counselling for LLV management.
In the intervention study, intensive adherence counselling (IAC) demonstrated a significant impact, with the intervention arm achieving a nearly twofold increase in attaining a non-detectable viral load status of 57.4 percent compared to the non-intervention arm which was at 29.9 percent.
His findings prompted a significant policy shift, lowering the viral suppression threshold. The Ministry of Health has also implemented IAC for those with 50 to <1,000 copies/ml.
“As already highlighted, these findings have already partly guided the review of the HIV guidelines in Uganda, changing the viral load suppression threshold for plasma and dried blood spot samples respectively. Ministry of Health in Uganda has also instituted IAC as intervention to manage people living with HIV having at least 50 but less than 1,000 copies/ml,” comfortably says.

Mentorship
In his PhD journey, Dr. Nanyeenya found strength in mentorship, both from his distinguished supervisors and fellow PhD colleagues. He benefited from a multi-disciplinary team of four dedicated supervisors (Prof. Fredrick Makumbi, Prof. Noah Kiwanuka, Prof. Nakanjako Damalie, and Dr. Gertrude Nakigozi) who, armed with extensive expertise in his research field, guided him through various aspects of doctoral research. He also received valuable mentorship from Dr. Simon Peter Kibira, Dr. Susan Nabadda, Prof. Larry Chang, Dr. Kigozi Godfrey, Dr. Siu Godfrey, Dr. Fred Nalugoda, Prof. Anne Katahoire, and others.
“The most impactful aspect of my PhD journey was the land marking mentorship. This mentorship was both from my mentors who comprised of my supervisors and other experienced researchers from the field of HIV research. Peer mentorship from my fellow colleagues in the PhD Forum was also very key in enabling me to handle the entire PhD process,” he says.
The department’s head, Dr. Joan Mutyoba, also played a fundamental role, ensuring every detail of the journey was attended to.
“Dr. Joan Mutyoba, who would literally follow up on every single detail to ensure that we get the necessary assistance to progress. However, I should confess that there was still many moments of crying and distress in the three years journey, however through prayer and consultative meetings with the supervisors, fellow PhD colleagues and the head of department, most of these were overcame and that is why, I am graduating,” Dr. Nanyeenya.

Completing a PhD in a record less than 3 years
Completing his PhD in less than three years, Dr. Nanyeenya emphasizes the importance of swift action. He advises aspiring PhD candidates to persevere through challenges, knowing that the victory is worth the effort. His mantra is clear: “Once you make up your mind to start a PhD, fast track it and complete it!”
Choosing a field for a Ph.D. that aligns with one’s understanding and prior work experience is crucial. “My decision to pursue a Ph.D. in HIV low-level viraemia, a field linked to HIV viral load testing, aligns with my professional background. As an international consultant strengthening HIV systems and a programs officer at CPHL, I’ve accumulated extensive experience in this area. This expertise proved invaluable in overcoming challenges related to my research topic during my Ph.D. studies,” he says.

Looking ahead, Dr. Nanyeenya envisions becoming a global health leader, implementing evidence-based interventions to combat diseases in Uganda and beyond. His message echoes a profound truth: to control HIV and uplift Uganda, “We must love our country and fellow Ugandans.”
“I have worked as a consultant on health systems strengthening. This role has given me the opportunity to work with diverse communities in various developing countries, where I have witnessed many health challenges, characterized by many diseases of poverty and high mortality rates from rather preventable causes. My experience in the developed world has exposed me to the benefits of evidence-based interventions in promoting health and controlling diseases,” he says.
Dr. Nanyeenya Nicholus is not just graduating; he’s setting a course for a healthier, more resilient Uganda. His dedication to research, mentorship, and swift action exemplifies the transformative power of one individual committed to making a difference.
The study was funded by Rakai Health Service Program PhD Fogarty Training Scholarship, UJMT Fogarty Global Health Fellowship and Mak-BSSR program, and Makerere University Research and Innovation Fund (MakRIF).
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SANTHE PhD and Masters Fellowships
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The Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE) at Makerere University invites applications for a PhD and Masters of Science training opportunity.
The PhD training is focused on HIV Cure whereas the Masters of science opportunity is for TB elimination. Refer to the adverts/flyers attached for further details.
For inquiries or clarifications please call +256 787-278-393.
Health
International Coordination Office Newsletter, Issue 1 Jan–Jun 2025
Published
7 days agoon
November 28, 2025By
Mak Editor
Dear Readers
We welcome you to our first edition of the international academic mobility newsletter from Makerere University College of Health Sciences. In this edition, we share the highlights of various academic mobility programs at MakCHS, experiences of several students and staff who have been able to travel, study and experience new cultures and skills aimed at increasing their competitiveness in the Global market. We also share challenges and improvements to improve student and staff academic mobility experiences.
Internationalization of higher education is defined by the OECD (1999) as the integration of an international/intercultural dimension into all the activities of a university, including teaching, research and service functions. This is in line with the Makerere University vision 2030 to become a research-led university. This cross-border movement of faculty in higher education has been attracting scholarly attention for decades since knowledge is borderless (Shen et al., 2022). Therefore, internationalization increases global higher education and impacts the world university rankings, with a goal of increasing international recruitment of the best and brightest students and scholars. These international academic mobilities offered at MakCHS involve a broad range of activities like attending conferences, visiting research partners abroad and longer stays in other countries for research purposes.
MakCHS has many academic partners with long-standing bilateral relations and agreements that go beyond academic mobility and thus has overtime developed procedures and quality control mechanisms to support academic mobility. The coordination of these academic mobilities is handled at the International Coordination Office. The office is also responsible for the administration and making sure that students and faculty have a memorable experience. It is also responsible for monitoring and reporting tasks and managing the organizational support and coordination, incoming participants’ comprehensive insurance coverage, registrations, social activities and guided city tours for incomings etc.
We look forward to learning with you, celebrating progress, and charting our next steps—together, as we build for the future.
Enjoy your reading
Dr. Mark Kaddumukasa
Associate Professor
PROGRAM DIRECTOR
View the newsletter using the link below:
ICO Newsletter 2025 Issue 1
Health
IDI launches the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security in Africa
Published
1 week agoon
November 27, 2025By
Eve Nakyanzi
On 27th November 2025 the Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveiled the second cohort of fellows—marking a significant step forward in strengthening global health security across the region. The cohort brings together five exceptional emerging scientists whose research areas reflect the continent’s most urgent health priorities. They include Mr. Dickson Aruhomukama in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR); Dr. Rodgers Ayebare in Case Management, Infection Prevention and Control; Mr. Julius Okwir in Epidemic Intelligence and Community Health; Dr. Robert Zavuga in Vaccines and Medical Counter Measures; and Ms. Phionah Tushabe in Planetary Health, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). Their selection marks a new chapter in nurturing homegrown expertise capable of safeguarding Africa’s health systems for generations to come.
The Acting Vice Chancellor, Prof. Sarah Ssali while presiding over the event emphasized the significance of launching the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security as a milestone not only for IDI but for Makerere University and the continent at large. She highlighted the urgency of strengthening Africa’s capacity to predict, prevent, and respond to emerging epidemics, noting the rapid rise in zoonotic disease outbreaks and the persistent weaknesses exposed by crises like Ebola and COVID-19. She celebrated the legacy of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo and the scholars shaped by his leadership, stressing that the program embodies the university’s commitment to producing transformative health leaders grounded in multidisciplinary expertise and One Health principles.

She also called for stronger collaboration across colleges—particularly with the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB)’s Center for Biosecurity and the College of Health Sciences (CHS) to ensure that scarce scientific resources are fully utilized and that future health professionals are prepared for an evolving global landscape. In closing, she reaffirmed Makerere University’s dedication to advancing research excellence, nurturing responsible stewardship, and upholding the values that define the Sewankambo legacy.

The Academic Registrar Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi also conveyed his heartfelt congratulations to IDI and Prof. Nelson Sewankambo upon this remarkable milestone. He reflected on his recent engagements with the Institute—most notably the launch of the African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics—and expressed his admiration for the world-class research emerging from IDI, including publications in leading journals such as The Lancet and Nature. He noted that Makerere takes great pride in IDI’s work across multiple initiatives, from THRiVE to ongoing research collaborations, and wished the newly launched fellows a rewarding and impactful journey in research.
The Deputy Principal CHS, Prof. Richard Idro congratulated the new cohort and welcomed them into what he fondly referred to as “the cookhouse,” where future scientific leaders are shaped. Drawing from his own formative encounters with Prof. Nelson Sewankambo, he reflected on the deep mentorship culture that has defined generations of clinicians and researchers at Makerere—sharing stories of being challenged, supported, and pushed toward excellence. He reminded the fellows that their research will influence health policy and clinical practice far beyond individual patients, carrying long-term implications for national and global health.

Prof. Idro also acknowledged the critical challenges facing clinical disciplines, especially the constraints of promotion pathways that disadvantage highly skilled specialists without PhDs. He appealed for reforms to safeguard the future of key fields like anesthesia and surgery. Closing his remarks, he celebrated the College’s 100-year legacy, expressed gratitude for the university’s continued support, and invited alumni and partners to contribute ideas that will shape the next century of innovation, training, and service.
Dr. Charles Olaro, the Director General of Health Services, highlighted the essential role of academia in strengthening Uganda’s global health security, noting how recent outbreaks—from COVID-19 to Ebola—have revealed both the country’s progress and remaining gaps. He emphasized that programs like the Sewankambo Training Program are vital for building resilient health systems, advancing research, and shaping policies that can respond swiftly and effectively to public health threats.

Reflecting on the strong collaboration between the Ministry of Health and institutions such as Makerere University and IDI, he pointed out how research emerging from academia continually informs national policy, including work presented at recent conferences on non-communicable diseases and community health. Dr. Olaro congratulated the new cohort, reminding them that their work carries significant responsibility, as their research and leadership will influence health outcomes far beyond individual clinical care. He also underscored the need for stronger regional capacity, improved emergency response systems, and sustained mentorship to ensure that communities across Uganda—and the region—benefit from timely, coordinated outbreak preparedness.
In his address, Prof. Nelson Sewankambo commended the achievements of the first cohort and challenged the new fellows to uphold—and even surpass—the high standards already set. Reflecting on the rigorous selection process, he reminded the cohort that they were chosen because they demonstrated exceptional promise in a highly competitive field. He noted that the launch of this program comes at a particularly critical moment, as Africa CDC has just established a new Division for Health Security and Sovereignty, even as global financing for health research continues to decline. This, he said, makes the commitment to sustaining the program both bold and necessary.

Prof. Sewankambo also addressed concerns about the future of clinical scholars at Makerere, arguing that rigid promotion policies risk driving away talented specialists who are vital to the university’s mission. Emphasizing that “it is wise people who change direction when it is necessary,” he urged university leadership to protect pathways that allow clinicians to grow, serve, and undertake PhDs without being pushed out of the system. His message underscored both the responsibility carried by the new fellows and the collective duty to safeguard the future of medical education and research.
Dr. Andrew Kambugu, Executive Director (ED) of IDI, warmly welcomed all guests and reflected on the Institute’s long-standing culture of adaptation and innovation in response to Africa’s evolving health challenges. He celebrated the presence of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo—honoring his legacy as a founder, mentor, and active research collaborator—and acknowledged the strength of Cohort One as a living example of what the program can produce.

The ED emphasized that the Sewankambo Program stands on three pillars: rigorous selection, structured support with clear accountability, and strong alignment with national health priorities. He reminded the new fellows that IDI itself was born from the principle “adapt or perish,” and urged them to carry forward that spirit as they confront emerging threats like antimicrobial resistance and disease outbreaks across the continent. He also reflected on the power of mentorship, sharing personal experiences that illustrated how deeply mentorship can shape a scientific career. In closing, he expressed confidence that the five new fellows will honor the name they bear and continue building a legacy that inspires future generations.
Prof. Harriet Mayanja-Kizza reminded the newly selected fellows that while this achievement is significant, it marks only the beginning of a demanding but deeply meaningful journey. She expressed pride in the diversity of the cohort—drawn from ten African countries—and noted with delight that one of the brightest candidates emerged from the smallest country represented.

Reflecting on the evolution of impactful careers, she encouraged young people to embrace emerging fields such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, AI, molecular biology, and biostatistics, which she believes will define the future of science and global health. Prof. Mayanja spoke passionately about the diseases the fellows will tackle, highlighting the severe threat of antimicrobial resistance, the persistent burden of malaria, the dangers of resurfacing viral infections, and the transformative power of immunization. She urged the fellows to stay grounded, stay committed, and embrace the modern, data-driven tools now shaping global health research. In closing, she celebrated their potential to make a global impact and welcomed them formally into a field where their work will shape healthier futures for generations to come.
Prof. Ponsiano Ochama, one of the pioneers from the first cohort, reflected on the journey of the Sewankambo clinical scholarship from its early days in the “cookhouse” to the strong, structured program it has become. He recounted how the scholarship began as a mentorship-driven initiative aimed at nurturing future researchers and how sustained advocacy eventually removed barriers that once limited clinical scholars’ progression.

Prof. Ochama shared the impactful work he and his colleagues have since undertaken—highlighting, for example, a national study on hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission that shaped recent Ministry of Health policy. He encouraged the incoming cohort to embrace the program fully, assuring them that the “cookhouse” experience will transform them into strong, skilled scientists whose work will influence health policy and improve lives across the country.
Dr. Byonanebye Dathan, Deputy Head of the Global Health Security Department, outlined the strong rationale behind the Sewankambo Global Health Security Program, noting Africa’s rising burden of zoonotic and viral hemorrhagic fevers and the continent’s limited capacity for early detection and response. He emphasized that despite competing health priorities—HIV, TB, malaria, maternal health—there remain significant gaps in surveillance systems, workforce capacity, and research preparedness.

The program, he said, is designed to fill these gaps by strengthening research training, developing a skilled outbreak response workforce, and building a network of experts across Africa capable of generating evidence that directly informs policy and improves health systems. Dr. Dathan highlighted the rigorous selection process, the program’s alignment with WHO and national public health frameworks, and its integration of emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning. He affirmed that the fellows will receive structured mentorship, leadership development, and hands-on experience using existing data and real-world outbreak response systems—ensuring that their work leads not only to publications, but to meaningful impact across the continent.
Dr. Francis Kakooza, Acting Head of Global Health Security, traced the remarkable evolution of IDI’s Global Health Security work over the past decade, from its early CDC-funded surveillance efforts in 2015 to its expansion into biosecurity, AMR, epidemic research, policy development, and regional outbreak support. He highlighted IDI’s role in major national initiatives—including COVID-19 response, vaccination rollouts, risk management, lab accreditation, and the establishment of Regional Emergency Operations Centers—as well as its growing continental footprint through partnerships with Africa CDC, Mastercard Foundation, and Resolve to Save Lives.

Dr. Kakooza emphasized that the launch of the Prof. Nelson Sewankambo Global Health Security PhD Program is the culmination of years of investment in strengthening African research capacity and supporting fellows whose work is already shaping policy. He expressed gratitude to all partners, mentors, and leaders who contributed to the program’s development, acknowledged the rigorous selection that yielded five fellows from ten countries, and reaffirmed IDI’s commitment to nurturing a new generation of scientists equipped to protect the continent from infectious disease threats.

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