Africa is a continent of opportunity, with the youngest population on the planet. While ‘talent is equally distributed opportunity is not’. In sub-Saharan Africa, the gross enrolment ratio in higher education reached only 9% in 2020 (compared to 40% worldwide), and the gender parity index showed that 70 women for every 100 men participated in higher education.
Regarding knowledge production, Africa invests 0.6-0.9% of GDP on research and development, compared to a world average of 1.93%, and generates less than 1% of the world’s research. Doctoral education has received lower priority in Africa, given the attention to the undergraduate level: an unbalance that plays against the significant interdependence between these levels. In addition, relevant studies (British Council and DAAD, 2018) have highlighted low or inconsistent PhD capacity despite the significant expansion in master’s level graduations – an issue related to funding capacity and lack of mechanisms to assess the quality and socio-economic relevance of PhD outputs, among others. Moreover, Africa ’faces a huge digital skills gap, which is diluting economic opportunities and development. Some 230 million jobs across the continent will require some level of digital skills by 2030’ (World Bank, 2020).
As in other regions, academic mobility is increasing in the continent and thus recognition systems need to be enhanced or established. However, robust quality assurance mechanisms and agencies, which are key to upholding academic standards, do not exist in some countries. To engage firmly in a sustainable development path, Africa needs more inventors, innovators, scientists, technologists, academics, and researchers. For this to happen, Africa requires adequately resourced and academically excellent universities and higher technical institutions that train, research and innovate; companies that are entrepreneurial and investing in research and development; incubators that can nurture new technologies and partnerships and venture capital networks that can sponsor these initiatives.
Equally important is the elaboration of sound policies and strategies for strengthening higher education systems, based on reliable data and information. According to an initial needs assessment and mapping conducted by UNESCO, there have been many efforts to increase production and dissemination of data on tertiary education in and for Africa. Yet, internationally comparable information remains limited and data collection across Africa is weak. Hence, there is a great need to improve the quality, coverage, and frequency of data collection and strengthen capacities for data analysis to adequately inform education policy discussions and decisions.
Elaborated as one of the five flagship programmes of UNESCO Operational Strategy for Priority Africa 2022-2029), the overall objective of the Campus Africa Flagship Programme is to build integrated, inclusive, and quality tertiary education systems and institutions, for the development of inclusive and equitable societies in the Continent. The Programme is implemented along three interrelated main lines of action (MLAs) through which UNESCO jointly with its partners will strengthen and enhance equity and quality of higher education systems, connect Africa’s tertiary education systems, institutions, researchers, and communities, and promote mobility and employability of higher education students.
Campus Africa activities will promote all SDGs and more specifically SDG 4, 8 and 9. In particular, synergies are to be sought with United Nations agencies, the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks (UNSDCF) and development partners’ initiatives supporting SDG 4.3 – by 2030 ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable quality technical, vocational, and tertiary education, including university.
2. Objectives of the Mapping Research and Doctoral Programmes in HEI in Eastern Africa
To achieve the Campus Africa objective, UNESCO is working with its networks and partners to pool expertise and resources and ensure synergies in action and sustainable impact. To this end, UNESCO is collaborating with the Makerere University within the framework of the Campus Africa flagship with the objective to propose relevant operational initiatives, which address challenges of access and quality of higher education in Africa, with a focus on Eastern Africa. More specifically, work shall be conducted in relation to Campus Africa Main Line of Action (MLA) 1 on improving the research capacity of African tertiary institutions and increasing research outcomes with effective networking through Workstream 1.1 which focuses on enhancing inter-university collaboration in Africa by facilitating the development of collaborative research and doctoral programmes that prioritize interdisciplinary work and focus on SDGs-related issues; and through Workstream 1.2 which focuses on support and strengthening of mechanisms that facilitate the exchange of students and professors and investment in joint research programmes and publication, and provides for access to research grants, scholarships and fellowships that give due attention to girls and women applicants, as well as to applicants from marginalised population groups.
This assignment therefore is to map and assess opportunities and challenges for enhancing research and doctoral programmes in higher education in Eastern Africa. The mapping report should analyze capacity gaps and highlight existing successful efforts, including inter-university collaboration and joint research and doctoral programmes, statistics on fellowships/scholarships, various funding mechanisms, and other initiatives across Africa as relevant.
The mapping study is to have an inclusive approach, with gender, country, and regional balance where relevant – with a focus on Eastern Africa. It should target perspectives from stakeholders of higher education in Eastern Africa, in particular, from governments (ministries responsible for higher and tertiary education), higher education institutions, development partners, quality assurance council/agencies, NGOs, funding agencies, private sector associations and employers, and relevant institutions, including UNITWIN/UNESCO Chairs, as well as students and graduates, as related to the content of the work.
3. Scope of the study
The scope of study will include the following:
Conduct a mapping study to generate information on existing efforts and enablers, opportunities, and challenges to enhance research and doctoral programmes in higher education in Africa, with a focus on Eastern Africa
Integrate perspectives of key stakeholders of higher education across Africa, particularly in Eastern Africa, to complement the mapping study
Develop recommendations to enhance the research capacity of African tertiary institutions and increase research outcomes with effective networking, upholding the principles of inclusiveness, relevance and gender equality
The study team/individual is expected to propose the best approaches for undertaking this mapping study. The proposal should detail the study objectives and methodology proposed and all the costs associated with conducting the study.
4. Key Deliverables
The key deliverables will include:
Inception report: detailing the methodology including the main research methods, the sampling framework, proposed sources of data, and procedures for data collection and analysis. The proposed research tools will be discussed by the UNESCO Campus Africa/CFIT III Makerere Team before study commences.
Revised first Draft Final Report, incorporating suggestions and recommendations from a reference group. A second round of revision may be required before the final version of the Final Report can be produced.
A final report (one electronic copy in PDF Format and one in WORD format) with key findings and recommendations.
An electronic copy of all data collection tools and the mapping study data set
A final presentation of the overall findings to stakeholders for validation
5. Duration of the study
The final report of the analytical study is due by Wednesday 11 October 2023. The duty station is Makerere University as it is expected that capacity for such studies is available.
6. Qualifications and Expertise
Post-graduate degree and demonstrable experience in conducting mapping studies – particularly in the context of research and graduate training
Good knowledge of Eastern Africa’s higher education sector and relevant institutional frameworks
Ability to interpret results and provide practical recommendations
A good understanding of English language with excellent communication and report writing skills
7. How to Apply
Study teams or individuals interested in this opportunity should provide the following:
A technical proposal with detailed response to these terms of reference, with specific focus on the scope of work, methodology to be used and draft list of key stakeholders to be engaged
Initial high level work plan based on an outlined methodology and indication of availability to undertake the tasks within the specified timeframe
A financial proposal including a detailed budget breakdown for the different tasks in each specified work package
Applications should be sent via email to cedat.soe@mak.ac.ug by Monday 28 August 2023.
Makerere University on 17th June 2026 launched the upgraded Financial Management System (Mak-FMS) and Implementation Roadmap aimed at ensuring paperless end-to-end transactions right from requisition to sign-off. Mak-FMS was initially launched on 10th July 2024 to automate requisition initiation and approval. The upgraded system will ensure that the hitherto paper-based payment voucher generation, examination, digital clearance, and sign off are completed digitally.
Presiding over the launch on behalf of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Finance and Administration) Prof. Henry Alinaitwe, the Principal, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta commended the Directorate of Finance and the Directorate for ICT Support (DICTS) on the strides made in digitalisation of financial processes at Makerere. He nevertheless called for the need to make approvals time bound at each stage of the process to ensure that requisitions are sanctioned or deferred for additional input promptly.
The University Bursar, Mr. Evarist Bainomugisha informed attendees at the launch that the objective of the Mak-FMS upgrade was to ensure paperless transactions by 1st July 2026. He added that Champions had been appointed from colleges and administrative units, and will together with ICT Support Staff be trained by DICTS to support users during the transition.
Mr. Bainomugisha nevertheless noted that incorporation of Mak-FMS into Uganda’s Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) remains undone. He therefore called upon Finance Officers and Accountants to prudently ensure that the money committed on the Makerere system is charged to the appropriate Government code.
DICTS Chief, Mr. Samuel Mugabi reiterated that the upgraded system is not entirely new but is only aimed at further enhancing accountability and transparency of financial management for efficiency of Makerere’s business operations. He added that the upgraded Mak-FMS will be integrated with the recently rolled out Procurement System in a phased approach, especially as users increasingly get acquainted with the paperless working environment. He equally reiterated DICTS readiness to support the Directorate of Finance to ensure a holistic training of users.
Highlighting the ten-day Implementation Roadmap, DICTS Deputy Chief, Mr. Juma Katongole noted that launch of the upgraded Mak-FMS marked Day 1, while Day 2 will be dedicated to training Finance Officers, Accountants and ICT Support Staff and Day 3 to training Champions and more ICT Support Staff. Days 4 and 5 will be dedicated to Hands-on Training Sessions for College Bursars, Accountants and Champions, while Day 6 will feature University-wide pilot implementation of the upgraded Mak-FMS.
Day 7 of the roadmap will handle user support clinics and help desk sessions, while Day 8 will feature refresher training and a workshop on frequently encountered issues. A University-wide simulation exercise covering the end-to-end payment lifecycle will be held on Day 9 and Day 10 will host the readiness assessment meeting and go-live sign-off.
In order to ensure a smooth transition to a digital Mak-FMS, a help desk will remain operational throughout the period and user manuals as well as quick-reference videos will be developed and distributed on the University Knowledge Base and DICTS Social Media platforms.
The College of Health Sciences (CHS) QA Guidebook streamlines academic excellence, outlining essential quality processes, committee structures, and regulations aligned with Makerere University Policy and the 2004 Graduate Guidebook. It details roles for staff and students, including examination management, committee terms of reference, and highlights staff/student achievements.
Key Components of the QA Guidebook
Committees & Structure: Defines roles for the Quality Assurance, Gender Mainstreaming, and ICT Committee, ensuring alignment with SDGs and university policies and NCHE
Examination QA Processes: Outlines procedures for setting, moderating, and marking exams, ensuring standards and ethical compliance.
Regulations & Guidelines: Based on the Makerere University Quality Assurance Policy Framework (2007) and Graduate Guidebook 2004 ensuring consistency across all programmes.
Roles & Responsibilities: Clearly defines the responsibilities of Deans, Heads of Departments, and Students in Internal Quality Assurance.
Key student information in academic processes.
Commitment to support graduate training.
Recognition & Faculty Development: Recognizes outstanding female professors and acknowledges staff who completed PhDs in 2024–2026
On March 21, 2026, I felt a strong urge to reconnect with a close colleague and passionate leader, Owekitinisa Sylas Ruhweza Atwooki. We had not spoken since I moved to the United States to pursue my dream of becoming a journalist. The following day, I learned that he had been quietly undergoing treatment in and out of the hospital. True to his character, he had chosen to keep his condition private. I was shocked and saddened, wishing I had known earlier so I could offer support.
At first, reports from family and friends were encouraging. He had been diagnosed with malaria and low blood platelet counts and was receiving treatment. Respecting his wish for confidentiality, members of the Mastercard Foundation Scholars and Alumni community at Makerere University rallied discreetly around him.
An artistic impression of Sylas Ruhweza.
However, on April 29, his condition worsened. He was transferred between medical facilities and underwent extensive tests, including a biopsy, as doctors searched for answers. Sadly, on May 29, Sylas passed away.
His death sparked an extraordinary outpouring of love and solidarity. Friends, colleagues, and former scholars mobilised to support his family, settle medical expenses, organise virtual vigils, and plan a dignified farewell. Hundreds gathered at St. Augustine Chapel to pay their respects. Within three days, the Mastercard Foundation Scholars and Alumni community raised approximately UGX 11 million, a testament to Sylas’ impact on countless lives.
Sylas Ruhweza addressing his fellow alumni on 5th April 2025.
In the days that followed, I found myself wrestling with difficult questions. In a world where we spend so much time following people online, are we paying enough attention to those quietly transforming lives around us? Why do we invest so much emotional energy in distant personalities while overlooking the people God has placed right in front of us?
Sylas lived with humility and served with grace. His death left more than 1,500 Mastercard Foundation scholars and alumni grieving, alongside many others around the world who knew him. Yet his passing also exposed a contradiction in modern life.
We live in an age of unprecedented connectivity. Uganda has millions of internet users and WhatsApp subscribers, while globally, people spend hours each day on social media. We have more tools than ever to stay connected, yet many of us are becoming increasingly disconnected from the people who matter most.
Selfie time: Marion Apio and Sylas Ruhweza.
Sylas resisted this trend. Through mentorship, service, and community-building, he remained deeply present in others’ lives. While many people retreat into individual pursuits, he consistently chose connection.
This challenge is especially relevant for Mastercard Foundation scholars and alumni. Every year, young Africans leave home to pursue education and professional opportunities abroad. Distance, time zones, visa restrictions, and rising travel costs make it difficult to maintain relationships and remain actively involved in the communities that helped shape us.
For Sylas, the answer was simple: show up. Celebrate others. Offer support. Stay connected.
Sylas with some of the Girls Alive Uganda (GAU) beneficiaries.
He never allowed geographical or personal barriers to become excuses for disengagement. Even while facing his own struggles, he invested in others. He embodied the values the Mastercard Foundation seeks to cultivate—ethical leadership, service, and community empowerment.
Sylas did not wait for a perfect platform to create change. He simply served where he was. He helped build bridges between education, culture, and professional development while remaining grounded in his values. He dreamed of creating a stronger alumni ecosystem and brought both passion and compassion to every initiative he touched.
Since his passing, social media has been filled with memories of his infectious smile and unwavering commitment to others. Those tributes reveal an important truth: people gave generously because Sylas had first given himself generously to them. People from different backgrounds, generations, and communities showed up because he had spent his life showing up for them. His legacy now challenges all of us.
Sylas with friends at a Birthday Celebration.
The greatest tribute we can offer is not simply to mourn his loss but to continue his work. That means supporting the causes he cared about, helping the children whose education he championed, strengthening alumni networks, and pursuing the dreams we discussed with him.
The tragedy of modern life is not that we follow people online. It is that too often our attention to distant lives comes at the expense of meaningful relationships nearby. Yet strong relationships are as essential to our well-being as physical health.
As Ugandans, we take pride in our faith, culture, and sense of community. We contribute to fundraisers, attend ceremonies, and support family members in times of need. But increasingly, genuine connection is being replaced by passive digital interaction. Families and communities cannot thrive on likes, retweets, and emojis alone.
They require presence—phone calls, visits, conversations, and the willingness to notice when someone is struggling.
Sylas with friends at the Third Edition of the MakRun in 2019.
Before spending another hour immersed in the lives of strangers online, look around. Call the friend you have not spoken to in years. Check on a family member. Reach out to a colleague who seems withdrawn. Communities are not built by algorithms or celebrities. They are built by ordinary people who choose, day after day, to care for those within their reach.
Uganda needs more people like Sylas. At just 32 years old, he achieved what many spend a lifetime striving for. He served as Minister of Information in the Toro Kingdom and as President of the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Alumni Association in Uganda. More importantly, he dedicated himself to serving others.
While his death is deeply painful, his life remains a powerful example of how we should live. My prayers and condolences go to his family, friends, and the entire Mastercard Foundation Scholars and Alumni community.
Rest in perfect peace, Owek. Sylas Ruhweza Atwooki.
The author is a Mastercard Foundation Alumna from Makerere University and the University of California, Berkeley. She is a journalist based in Southern California and the CEO of the Debunk Media Initiative.