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There are few Women-owned enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa- Research

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Research has established that there are huge variations in women-owned enterprise representation in the Sub-Saharan Africa.

According to Prof Morgan Hardy and Gisella Kagy, Business researchers of women-owned enterprise representation estimate that there are gender gaps in enterprise performance.

Their research was conducted from 43 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa using empirical data from available data sources that indicate that these differences are driven by variations in gender-blind sampling protocols.

They further revealed that women-owned enterprises are less likely to meet the sampling criteria for most widely available enterprise data and those that do are more positively selected on performance, relative to male-owned enterprises.

Their findings were derived from the surveys conducted using the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) and HouseHold surveys (HHS). While conducting the WBES, they used three surveys namely; the Enterprise, Micro Enterprise and the Informal surveys.

“To establish the rates of female ownership and estimates of the gender sales gap, the Enterprise Analysis Unit of the World Bank Group conducts three different types of surveys on enterprises around the world,” Prof Hardy, Assistant Professor of Economics, New York University Abu Dhabi said.

While conducting their research, they considered enterprises with a physical location, registered establishments, and informal private sector enterprises in the urban centers.

The research conducted using the HHS, areas from census-based sampling units (such as enumeration districts) were chosen, and then dwellings from a list of all households within that sampling unit were chosen.

“These surveys are usually representative of the country as a whole, with large enough samples to allow consideration of certain subgroups, such as rural versus urban, or a few major agro-climatic zones” Gisella Kagy, another researcher and an Assistant Professor of Economics Vassar College noted.

In addition, the WBES mainly considered businesses located in urban areas or businesses in the formal private sector employing five or more employees.

They further revealed that the observed differences in the results could be attributed to: differences in the target populations-for instance most female-owned businesses may be household based.

Some of the information that informed their research was obtained from:

Ethiopia Large and Medium Manufacturing Industry Survey (LMMIS); Nationally representative census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia which was conducted in 2006 and 2015. It covered public and private manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees.

Integrated Business Establishment Survey (IBES): Nationally representative census conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service in 2014. And it covered establishments with a physical structure and household enterprises with a visible business signage.

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

Business & Management

Call For Applications: Student Mobility – University of Padova, Italy (Oct 2026-Jan 2027)

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Group Photo of the trainers and trainees that took part in the workshop on multivariate statistics and time series analysis, held 11th-20th June 2024 between the School of Statistics and Planning, CoBAMS and University of Padova, Italy. Makerere University School of Statistics and Planning-University of Padova, Italy dynamic workshop on multivariate statistics and time series analysis, 11th to 20th June 2024, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Arising from an existing Memorandum of Understanding (until September 2028) between University of Padova, Italy (UniPd) and Makerere University (Mak), the two institutions partnered and will jointly implement the Bilateral Agreement for the mobility for students between 2026 and 2027. At Mak, the Departmental Flow Coordinator is Symon Peter Wandiembe (PhD) and the project Principal Investigator and Contact Person is Saint Kizito Omala (PhD), both of Department of Statistical Methods and Actuarial Science (DSMAS).

In this regard, the Department of Statistical Methods and Actuarial Science wishes to announce opportunities for student mobility to the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy for the Winter Semester, October 2026 – January 2027.

The selection process shall entail five-steps:

  • Step 1: Submission of documents by candidates for nomination, with an internal deadline of April 20th, 2026, 05.00 p.m. (EAT) to allow for time to process nomination applications;
  • Step 2: Meeting of the Nomination Committee to review documents received from applicants;
  • Step 3: Submitting the list of nominated candidates, by April 30th, 2026, to the International Projects and Mobility Office of the University of Padua, Italy;
  • Step 4: Eligibility check and communication to successful candidates by the International Projects and Mobility Office of the University of Padua, Italy; and
  • Step 5: Application for the Mobility opportunity by successful candidates.

Please see download for detailed call.

Inquiry

S.K. Omala via +256 772 491545 before April 20th, 2026.

Mak Editor

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Business & Management

Mak CoBAMS Hosts UNISA’s Dr. Sizile Makola

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L-R: Dr. Zaina Nakabuye, Dr. Jude Mugarura, Dr. Agnes Sansa, Dr. Sizile Makola, Prof Edward Bbaale and Dr. Anthony Tibaingana at the 8th April 2026 meeting in the Office of the Principal. Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), Prof. Edward Bbaale welcomes Dr. Sizile Makola, a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management from the University of South Africa (UNISA), to the College and Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, 8th April 2026.

On Wednesday 8th April 2026 the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), Prof. Edward Bbaale received and welcomed, Dr. Sizile Makola, a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management from the University of South Africa (UNISA), to the College and Makerere University.

The interaction meeting held in the Office of the Principal brought onboard the following members of staff from the Department of Marketing and Management, School of Business: Dr. Jude Mugarura, Dr. Zaina Nakabuye, Dr. Agnes Sansa, and Dr. Anthony Tibaingana.

Dr.Sizile Makola is visiting Makerere University for two (2) weeks to cement the MoU between Makerere University and UNISA and to finalise her comparative studies with staff from the department of marketing and management on behalf of Makerere University for the Ugandan context.

Dr. Makola is scheduled to deliver an interactive guest lecture to undergraduate and postgraduate human resource management students on Friday 10th April 2026 from 2:00pm to 4:00pm in the School of Business, Conference Hall.

Guest Lecture on Re-Imagining Human Resource Management in Africa, Topic: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Organizational Practice, Keynote Speaker: Dr. Sizile Makola. Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management from the University of South Africa (UNISA), 10th April 2026, 2:00-4:00PM, The Conference Room, Level 2, Block B, College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Guest Lecture Poster.

Ritah Namisango
Ritah Namisango

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Mak CoBAMS holds strategic partnership engagement with World Bank

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L-R: Cyril Desponts, Hassan Zamani, Prof. Edward Bbaale, Assoc. Prof. Eria Hisali, Liz Mukasa Samula, and Assoc. Prof. Ibrahim Mike Okumu. Strategic partnership engagement with delegation from the World Bank ahead of the African Meeting of the Econometric Society scheduled to take place in June 2027 preceded by the Econometric Society Summer School, 1st April 2026, Office of the Principal, College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

On 1st April 2026, the Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) at Makerere University, Professor Edward Bbaale hosted a delegation from the World Bank for a strategic partnership engagement ahead of the African Meeting of the Econometric Society scheduled to take place in June 2027. The International engagement will be preceded by the Econometric Society Summer School.

Focusing on macroeconomic stability, productivity, climate resilience, and youth employment, the African Meeting is expected to attract over 400 national and international participants. The Meeting has been deemed critical in advancing research and policy dialogue as well as planning and development across the continent.

The World Bank delegation consisted of Hassan Zaman-Regional Director for East Africa, Cyril Desponts-Country Senior Economist, and Liz Mukasa Samula-Country Economist. During the introduction, Liz Mukasa Samula stated that she is a proud alumnus of Makerere University, specifically, the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS).

At the College level, the meeting brought onboard, Professor Edward Bbaale, Associate Professor Eria Hisali, Associate Professor Ibrahim Mike Okumu, and Ritah Namisango.

Presentation by Mak CoBAMS

Welcoming the delegation, Prof. Bbaale presented the College of Business and Management Sciences as a centre of excellence in teaching and learning, research, policy engagement, knowledge transfer, and entrepreneurship.  Prof. Bbaale informed the delegation about the great works under the School of Economics, School of Business, and the School of Statistics and Planning.

Highlighting the purpose of Mak CoBAMS in line with the strategic meeting, Prof. Bbaale explained that the World Bank is a leader in applied research, policy design, and capacity building, and therefore, as partner, they would enrich the discussions aimed at hosting a successful and impact-driven African Meeting of the Econometric Society. In addition, the partnership would present an opportunity to shape policy dialogue and engage Africa’s next generation of economists.

He added that at the national level, the Bank of Uganda, National Planning Authority, and the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development had agreed to be partners.

Acknowledging that scholars, researchers and participants in general, would be delighted to engage with an authority in the discipline, Prof. Bbaale proposed a Policy Round Table moderated by the World Bank.

Building on Prof. Bbaale’s remarks, the Dean of the School of Economics, and a Member of the Global Organizing Committee, Associate Professor Ibrahim Mike Okumu, highlighted that partnership with the World Bank would strengthen the research-policy interface at scale.

At the strategic level, the Dean of the School of Economics, articulated that the partnership would establish a lasting platform to strengthen the role of economic research in development policy across Africa. He noted that some of topics, papers and research, would focus on African economics and development. He pointed out that the international engagement with participants from across the globe provides an opportunity to inform policy briefs on a wide range of topics

Contributing to the discussion, Associate Professor Eria Hisali, submitted that the Journal Publications under the World Bank would provide possible outlets for the dissemination of information and knowledge generated during the African Meeting of the Econometric Society.

Presentation by the delegation from the World Bank

The Regional Director for East Africa, Hassan Zaman, was pleased to visit Makerere University, an institution that has significantly contributed to knowledge creation and transfer as well as development.

Responding to the presentation from the College of Business and Management Sciences, Zaman welcomed the idea of potential collaboration. “Based on our knowledge bank perspective, it is of interest to engage.”

Specific to Africa, Zaman emphasized the need for topics on econometrics to be presented by experts from the continent. He welcomed the proposals on a Policy Round Table, Impact-driven Policy briefs, participating in the summer school, and representation of the World Bank on the Global Organising Committee.

Presentation on the Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence

During the Strategic Partnership Meeting, the delegation expressed interest in collaborating with the Public Investment Management (PIM) Centre of Excellence based at Makerere University.  “The World Bank will undertake a public investment review. Does the PIM Centre at Makerere University undertake analytical work?”

In response, the College team expressed readiness for collaboration with the World Bank. Consequently, the Principal of CoBAMS and his team, briefed the delegation on the PIM Centre of Excellence:

  • Its main focus is capacity building through training of government officials along the entire project cycle.
  • PIM Centre kicked off with seed funding from the World Bank. When the grant came to an end, Bank of Uganda came onboard to support.
  • The Centre undertakes capacity building, research, and policy engagements.
  • Every year in the month of August, Makerere University, College of Business and Management Sciences, in partnership with the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED), and the National Planning Authority (NPA), hold a PIM Conference.
  • Associate Professor Ibrahim Mike Okumu and Associate Professor Eria Hisali shared some of the ongoing research in the area of public investment management.

The Strategic Meeting concluded on a high note, with both parties not only acknowledging but receptive of the various prospects future collaboration and partnership presents.

Ritah Namisango
Ritah Namisango

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