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Veterinary & Biosecurity

Researchers Embark on Cross-Disciplinary Alliance to Identify, PREdict & prePARe for Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases (PREPARE4VBD)

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By Joseph Odoi

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) constitute a major challenge facing African healthcare systems and economies today. But vector-borne diseases also increasingly pose a threat to Europe, as novel outbreaks of VBDs of both animals and humans, along with an increased spread of invasive vectors, is anticipated to occur more frequently in the future. Globalization, climatic and environmental changes are important drivers behind this development. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of knowledge of the key characteristics that allow certain vectors and the diseases they transmit to spread and establish in new, previously disease-free areas in both Africa and Europe

To combat this growing threat, the GLOBE Institute at the University of Copenhagen and the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at the University of Copenhagen, along with partners from Europe and Africa including Makerere University, received research funding from European Union (EU) for the five year  project (2021-2025)entitled“A Cross-Disciplinary Alliance to Identify, PREdict and prePARe for Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases (PREPARE4VBD)”.

PREPARE4VBD is a multi-disciplinary consortium that brings together 10 university and ministerial partners from 5 African and 3 European countries, united to address a future with increasingly changing global patterns of zoonotic vector-borne diseases through a holistic, pro-active approach that reaches beyond specific diseases, vector species, borders or scientific disciplines.

While launching the Project during the stakeholders engagement workshop at Centre for Biosecurity and Global Health, CoVAB, Makerere University,Professor Lawrence Mugisha in a special way welcomed participants to the event. He noted that the cross disciplinary team of researchers were inspired to undertake the project  following recent research findings  that highlighted the high diversity of ticks, tick burden and numerous diseases transmitted by ticks in Uganda.

‘’The project is cross-disciplinary involving partners from human and veterinary health, as well as natural and social sciences. Researchers are focusing on three main areas, including the development of new molecular diagnostics technologies, the development of mathematical and statistical models to predict disease outbreaks and spread, and the strengthening of research and surveillance capacity in both Africa and Europe. The researchers will also be using a One Health approach, which calls for cross-disciplinary cooperation between various professional groups to tackle the challenges posed by these diseases from a holistic perspective on health in animals, humans, and the environment’’ explained Professor  Mugisha  who is  Project Principal Investigator at Makerere University

Professor Lawrence Mugisha giving an overview of the Project at the Workshop.
Professor Lawrence Mugisha giving an overview of the Project at the Workshop.

A cross-disciplinary approach is vital

According to  the Project Lead-Professor Anna-Sofie Stensgaard from the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at the University of Copenhagen,Many countries already have well-established systems for monitoring vector-borne diseases of livestock and humans, respectively. But they often lag behind when it comes to diseases that can jump from animals to humans, so-called zoonoses.

“We need to develop better systems for early detection and early warning when these vectors or the diseases they spread move into new, previously disease-free areas. But the systems should also be able to predict the longer-term change in disease patterns due to e.g. rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns.

“Likewise, we need to ensure that the science and tools we develop in the project can be implemented by the relevant authorities and society. This calls for a cross-disciplinary approach that involves partners from sectors and disciplines within both human and veterinary health, as well as natural and social science,” explains Anna-Sofie Stensgaard.

The PREPARE4VBD framework and work package organization

The PREPARE4VBD framework will enable the integration of different existing and novel data on zoonotic vector-borne diseases and tools to:

A) Build knowledge of neglected tick-, mosquito- and snail borne VBDs of importance for animal and human health in endemic African countries,

B) Assess their capacity to adapt and spread to new areas using a holo-genomics approach and climate change impact modelling,

C) Supported by novel diagnostic tools for new and rapid VBD discoveries and model-based surveillance for early warning, and

D) Strengthening the capacity for surveillance and detection of the targeted VBDs through training and effective communication of project results and dissemination of freely available data and tools to consortium partners and other relevant stakeholders

Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) Project Management.
Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) Project Management.

The stakeholder’s workshop attracted  over 70 participants ranging from government officials, academia,media, farmers and one- health officials among others.Key issues discussed by participants include importance of dissemination, effective communication by researchers to influence policy, need to develop diagnostic tools and model based surveillance for early detection and early warning about Vector borne diseases.

Dr. David Musoke at the event highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary research including environmental health in addressing emerging Vector-Borne Diseases.
Dr. David Musoke at the event highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary research including environmental health in addressing emerging Vector-Borne Diseases.

More About The PREPARE4VBD Project

The PREPARE4VBD project, part of the research and innovation actions under Horizon 2020 (Grant agreement No 101000365: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101000365), will be coordinated by The University of Copenhagen’s GLOBE Institute and Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. This international collaboration brings together a diverse group of partners from universities, institutes, and government agencies to enhance preparedness and response capacities for vector-borne diseases.   In addition to contributing to the development of better surveillance systems, the project will also offer courses, webinars, and workshops for African and European PhD students and researchers, as well as launch information campaigns to share project results with society.

The partners involved in this project are:

  • Makerere University (Uganda)
  • Sokoine University of Agriculture (Tanzania)
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)
  • University of Naples Federico II (Italy)
  • Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
  • University of Bern (Switzerland)
  • International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Kenya)
  • Vector Control Division, Uganda Ministry of Health (Uganda)
  • Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques (Côte d’Ivoire)
  • National Institute for Medical Research (Tanzania)

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Veterinary & Biosecurity

Alumni of Molecular Biology Honor Prof. George William Lubega for Outstanding Contributions

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Professor George William Lubega. Alumni of molecular biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University honor Prof. George William Lubega, a distinguished teacher whose dedication to nurturing scientists has left an indelible mark on Uganda's scientific community, 28th March 2025, Mestil Hotel, Kampala, Uganda East Africa.

On Friday, March 28th, 2025, alumni of molecular biology gathered at Mestil Hotel in Kampala to honor Prof. George William Lubega, a distinguished teacher whose dedication to nurturing scientists has left an indelible mark on Uganda’s scientific community.

The event, organized by the alumni, celebrated Prof. Lubega’s pivotal role in transforming students into leaders in molecular biology. Dr. Claire Mack Mugasa, Dean of the School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical, and Laboratory Sciences at Makerere University, shared heartfelt recollections of Prof. Lubega’s impact, including his scholarship support and passionate teaching style. Dr. Mugasa noted, “The scientists we have in Uganda are a testimony to his boldness. He has been a father to us in science, and now we are fathers of others.”

Prof. Lubega expressed gratitude for the honor and acknowledged the mentorship he received from his teachers. He also highlighted his groundbreaking contributions, including patented vaccines against trypanosomiasis, and thanked Makerere University for providing an enabling environment for scientific advancement.

The event emphasized the importance of continuing his legacy through initiatives like an association of molecular biologists. The alumni expressed their deep appreciation for Prof. Lubega’s selfless efforts, which have transformed the landscape of science education in Uganda.

This celebration stands as a testament to Prof. Lubega’s lasting influence on his students, colleagues, and the scientific community at large.

Harriet Musinguzi

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Veterinary & Biosecurity

Uganda Advances Bacteriophage Research in Fight against Antimicrobial Resistance

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Researchers and policy makers together with partners from the UK and USA that took part in the symposium. Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity convened symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), March 2025, Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala, East Africa.

Makerere University convened a symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), the event brought together researchers from Makerere University, Kyambogo University, Kampala International University, and Ian Clarke International University, and other players, highlighting a collaborative approach to tackling global and local issues.

Day two of the symposium saw researchers and policy makers together with partners from the UK and USA hold a discourse on the best way forward in the promotion of bacteriophage research and production in the country to support efforts against anti-microbial resistance.

Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, the lead phage researcher from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), gave the background to the workshop. Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity convened symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), March 2025, Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, the lead phage researcher from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), gave the background to the workshop.

Speaking at the event held at Hilton Garden Inn, Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, the lead phage researcher from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, stressed the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents due to the rise in drug resistance and limited discovery of new antibiotics. Bacteriophages, natural viruses that target bacteria, she said, were identified as a promising solution to revolutionize disease control, treatment, and food security. She said research in this area was key because humankind was at risk of the impending calamity of life-threatening treatment failure.

Prof. Robert Wamala, represented the VC, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe. Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity convened symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), March 2025, Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala, East Africa.
Prof. Robert Wamala, represented the VC, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe.

Prof. Robert Wamala, Makerere University‘s Director for Research, Innovations, and Partnerships, who spoke on behalf of the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, underscored the importance of building local capacity in phage research. He noted that such efforts could enhance Uganda’s resilience against AMR and yield homegrown solutions for human, animal, and crop health.

As the world grapples with the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacteriophage research offers a promising alternative. Phages, which are natural enemies of bacteria, have the potential to revolutionize the approach to treatment, disease control, and food security, he noted.  He said building local expertise in phage application can enhance Uganda’s resilience against AMR and produce sustainable homegrown solutions to health and environmental challenges.

A section of the stakeholders who participated in the discourse listened attentively. Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity convened symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), March 2025, Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala, East Africa.
A section of the stakeholders who participated in the discourse listened attentively.

Prof. Robert Wamala said Makerere University was committed to supporting cutting-edge research and innovation that addresses national and global challenges in line with the university’s role in knowledge generation, technology advancement, and policy influence. The importance of regulatory institutions, he said, cannot be overemphasized in this endeavor, since they enforce compliance, uphold ethical standards, and foster an enabling environment for impactful research and innovation.  He said the engagement presented an opportunity to strengthen collaboration between researchers, institutions, and regulatory bodies to ensure that the outcomes are scientifically sound and are aligned to the national development priorities and global best practices.

Dr. Claire M. Mugasa, the Dean of the School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS), CoVAB reiterated the fact that antimicrobial resistance was on the rise in Uganda and Africa, more than elsewhere in the world. She said it was time now that efforts be intensified in looking for sustainable options to curb the dangerous trends.  She said this cuts across the human and the animals.  She said it was an opportune time for players to come together to find ways of getting the required alternative.  She said by coming together, the different ideas developed individually would in a concerted effort, pulling resources together for a way forward.

Dr. Claire M. Mugasa, the Dean of the School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS) addressed the meeting. Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity convened symposium to explore bacteriophage applications in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and addressing health, agricultural, and environmental challenges. Organized by The Alliance for Phage Research and Development Uganda Ltd (PhageTeam Uganda), March 2025, Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. Claire M. Mugasa, the Dean of the School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS) addressed the meeting.

During the discourse, several subjects were addressed, including an introduction to antimicrobial resistance, phage biology, phage application, and lessons learnt from the establishment of a phage research centre in the UK, which was presented by Prof. Martha Clokie from the University of Leicester. This initiative reflects a commitment to fostering innovation, collaboration, and regulatory compliance, positioning Uganda as a leader in sustainable solutions for global challenges.

The symposium was sponsored by Global AMR Innovation Fund (GAMRIF), through a grant to the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in partnership with Phages for Global Health.

Harriet Musinguzi

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Veterinary & Biosecurity

First Symposium on Bacteriophage Research & Applications in Uganda Highlights Remarkable Milestones & Future Prospects

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1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Bacteriophage research and its applications were the focal point of the 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University‘s College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025. This landmark event showcased Uganda’s strides in harnessing bacteriophages as innovative solutions to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other pressing health and agricultural challenges.

Tobi Elaine Nagel, the President of Phages for Global Health (USA), was one of the presenters. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Tobi Elaine Nagel, the President of Phages for Global Health (USA), was one of the presenters.

Key speakers included Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, CoVAB (Makerere University), who showcased Uganda’s pioneering phage research initiatives and vision. Tobi Elaine Nagel, the President of Phages for Global Health (USA), discussed the global significance of phage research. Prof. Martha Clokie, from the University of Leicester’s Centre for Phage Research (UK), shared insights into the latest advancements in phage therapy. Dr. Robert Blasdel, representing VASALE (Belgium), presented innovative solutions using bacteriophages. Ms. Abigail Riggs, from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK), emphasized international partnerships and policy development.

Prof. Robert Wamala, Director, Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships addressed the participants. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Robert Wamala, Director, Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships addressed the participants.

Speaking at the event, Prof. Edward Wamala, Makerere University’s Director of Research, Innovation and Partnerships, who represented the Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe at the event, highlighted the critical role of bacteriophage research in addressing the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). He explained how the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human health, agriculture, and aquaculture have accelerated the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, rendering standard treatments ineffective. Citing statistics from the World Health Organization, he pointed out that AMR claims over 1.3 million lives annually, a number expected to rise without urgent action. He lamented the stagnation of new antibiotic development due to high research costs and rapid bacterial resistance, making bacteriophage therapy a powerful and promising alternative.

A Section of the stakeholders that participated in the engagement. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A Section of the stakeholders that participated in the engagement.

Prof. Wamala expressed Makerere University’s commitment to advancing research that addresses critical societal challenges, aligning with its mission of generating transformative knowledge and fostering sustainable development. He emphasized Uganda’s potential to lead in bacteriophage research, driven by multi-disciplinary partnerships and capacity building. He also highlighted ongoing studies into aquaculture-specific bacteriophages at CoVAB as an example of how phage technology can revolutionize sectors like agriculture while addressing AMR. Through such efforts, the university aims to position Uganda as a global leader in innovative solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance and enhance public health.

Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity.

Dr. Jesca Nakavuma, widely regarded as the mother of phages in Uganda, delivered a compelling presentation at the Symposium, where she detailed the impressive progress of phage research in Uganda since its inception in 2017. She highlighted Makerere University’s pioneering efforts, starting with a cohort of five undergraduate students, which have since expanded into groundbreaking research addressing challenges in agriculture, clinical health, food safety, and environmental safety. Key achievements include advancements in E. coli and Salmonella detection, tackling avian colibacillosis, and innovations in decontamination methods, underscoring the transformative potential of phage technology in combating antimicrobial resistance and enhancing public health.

The University leadership included Prof. Robert Wamala (R) and Assoc. Prof. James Acai Okwee (C), Deputy Principal CoVAB. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The University leadership included Prof. Robert Wamala (R) and Assoc. Prof. James Acai Okwee (C), Deputy Principal CoVAB.

The symposium honored collaborative efforts, including the establishment and accomplishments of Phage Team Uganda, which developed a repository of 125 characterized phage isolates and trained over 20 PhDs, MScs, and BSc students. Partnerships with international organizations such as IDRC InnoVet AMR and AU Safe Fish have significantly contributed to advancements in antimicrobial resistance and aquaculture.

The participants were actively involved in the discussions. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The participants were actively involved in the discussions.

Despite these achievements, Dr. Nakavuma noted challenges such as insufficient facilities for large-scale phage production, regulatory limitations, and financial constraints. She affirmed that despite the challenges, the team remained ambitious, envisioning the creation of a fully equipped Phage Research and Development Center, the commercialization of phage products, and the establishment of policy frameworks to support the use of phages in Uganda.

The Deputy Principal of CoVAB, Prof. James Acai Okwee, warmly welcomed the partners to the conference and acknowledged their invaluable contributions to the college’s research efforts. He emphasized the importance of collaboration in driving innovation and achieving impactful results, highlighting the pivotal role that partnerships play in fostering academic and scientific growth. Prof. Okwee’s remarks set an encouraging tone for the conference, reinforcing the college’s commitment to advancing research initiatives and creating opportunities for shared learning and development.

Part of the audience at the symposium. 1st Symposium on Bacteriophage Research and Applications, convened by Makerere University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) on Thursday, March 27, 2025, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering Conference Hall, CAES, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Part of the audience at the symposium.

The event that attracted the participation of various stakeholders including academia, civil society, and policy makers, concluded with acknowledgments of the efforts of Phage Team Uganda, collaborators, and funders, setting the stage for an exciting future in Uganda’s journey to combat antimicrobial resistance and ensure food and environmental safety.

Harriet Musinguzi

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