Research
Makerere Scientists Document Climate-Smart Innovation in Sentema, Applaud Farmer’s Odor-Control Breakthrough
A team of scientists under the regional research initiative “Building Capacity for Innovation and Advancement of Climate Smart Agriculture in East and Southern Africa” (CICSA-E&SA) visited Mr. Mugisha Jonan, an urban farmer and environmentalist in Sentema Wakiso District, whose adoption of innovative practices is redefining the feasibility of farming in densely populated urban settings.
Through the Nutrient Recycling Innovation, Mr. Mugisha has not only resolved the persistent issue of odor from his dairy farm, but is also unlocking more profitable outcomes by embracing climate-smart agricultural techniques. Central to his approach is the use of VTC Technology, a system designed to recover nutrients from diverse waste streams, including farm and market waste, and return them to their original sources. This transformative method was introduced to him by Dr. Herbert Mukiibi, a renowned scientist from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity at Makerere University.
Based on the demonstration on the farm, the innovative practice will help in reshaping urban agriculture by enhancing sustainable food production while simultaneously addressing critical environmental challenges such as waste management and odor control. Mr. Mugisha’s work stands as a compelling example of how local science-driven solutions can empower urban farmers and contribute to greener, more resilient cities.
Dr. Dorothy Nampanzira Kalule led a team that included Dr. Herbert Mukiibi, the innovator who collaborated directly with Mr. Mugisha to implement the nutrient recycling innovation. Also part of the team was Prof. Josephine Esaete from the College of Education and External Studies, part of the members of the bigger project research team that includes Prof. Robert Stephen Tabuti and Prof. Vincent Muwanika, both from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) at Makerere University.
“Mr. Mugisha’s work exemplifies the kind of innovation we aim to capture, document and validate as solutions that are proven to work, locally driven, environmentally sound, and socially inclusive,” said Dr. Nampanzira, following a tour of the project site nestled within a densely populated urban residential area.
Dr. Nampanzira said the reason for the visit to the farmer was because through the project, scientists were looking out for farmers doing unique things that actually give them good results which are not known to the scientists. She said the purpose was to validate such practices and have them promoted.
The project, Building Capacity for Innovation and Advancement of Climate-Smart Agriculture in East and Southern Africa (CICSA-E&SA), continues to engage with farmers who have adopted some climate-smart agricultural practices by identifying and supporting solutions that work for farmers on the ground. Through hands-on engagement and collaboration, the initiative focuses on practical innovations that address real challenges, ensuring that climate-smart agriculture is not only sustainable, but also accessible and effective for local communities.
While describing the innovation demonstrated by Mr. Mugisha, Dr. Herbert Mukiibi explained that the Nutrient Recycling Technology is designed to recover nutrients from various waste streams such as domestic, farm, hospital, schools or market waste and return them to their original source. If the nutrients came from the garden, the ultimate goal is to return them to the garden, Dr. Mukiibi noted. He said that most systems release nutrients through waste, which wastes are often mistreated because people don’t realize they are valuable resources. He said through such interventions, they were coming in to tap on these wastes and return them to the garden in a ready form that can be used by the crops for better yields without necessarily using inorganic forms of fertilizers.
Dr. Mukiibi emphasized that this technology not only promotes sustainable agriculture but also transforms public perception of waste, from a nuisance into a valuable resource thereby encouraging more responsible and productive environmental practices. He commended Mr. Mugisha, the farmer behind the initiative, for embracing the technology and personally financing its development. Thanks to Mr. Mugisha’s commitment, the project has advanced to the point where it is nearly ready to produce, package, and sell organic manure, marking a significant milestone in practical nutrient recycling.
“We want to document the various innovations that promote climate-smart agriculture while simultaneously addressing farmers’ real-world challenges,” said Prof. Asaete Josephine, who is part of the research team. “The innovation demonstrated by Mr. Mugisha not only solved his initial problem, the unpleasant smell of dung that was causing concern in the neighborhood, but also evolved into a broader solution. What began as an effort to manage odor has also addressed nutrient deficiencies. That’s where the climate-smart aspect comes in, she noted. Instead of spending resources on inorganic fertilizers, the farmer is now benefiting from nutrient recycling, which promotes faster plant growth while tackling the original issue of odor.”, she noted.
Mr. Mugisha informed the visiting team that he initially started the farm to meet his family’s nutritional needs. However, as the farm grew, he encountered significant challenges related to waste management, which led him to connect with Dr. Herbert Mukiibi, whose expertise helped guide him toward innovative solutions. He said he first adopted biogas technology yet, odor problem persisted, leading him to explored more sustainable options and eventually embraced the nutrient recycling innovation. He said transforming waste into organic manure enabled him resolve the environmental concerns but also enhanced the productivity of his vegetable gardens, and is moving towards packaging and sale of organic manure.
The CICSA-E&SA project is a multi-institutional collaboration led by Makerere University, in partnership with the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norway), Maseno University (Kenya), and LUANAR and DARS (Malawi). The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (Diku) and aims to promote climate-resilient agricultural practices across East and Southern Africa.
The Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) on 24th July 2026 accredited over 90 Senior Academic Members of staff that form Makerere University‘s Research Ethics Committees (RECs) in Good Research Review Practice (GRRP) after an intensive three-day Training. The closing ceremony was presided over by the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs)-DVCAA Prof. Sarah Ssali who was represented by the Principal, College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS), Prof. Tonny Oyana.
UNCST’s Role Appreciated
In his remarks, Prof. Oyana reiterated the core function that research plays in Makerere University‘s mission and noted that excellence in research must always be underpinned by excellence in research ethics. “Research Ethics Committees play a vital role in fulfilling this responsibility,” he stated.
“Your decisions influence not only the quality and credibility of research conducted at the University but also the trust that research participants, communities, funding agencies, policymakers, and the public place in our institution,” remarked the DVCAA, who underscored the pivotal role of RECs in upholding Makerere University‘s reputation as a centre of research excellence.
He therefore thanked UNCST for promoting responsible conduct of research and strengthening ethical review systems in Uganda through facilitating trainings for RECs in GRRP and other critical areas such as Good Clinical Practice (GCP). He equally commended the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships (DRIP) led by Prof. Robert Wamala for organising the training, which continues to strengthen research governance structures across the University.
Incorporate RECs in Governance Structures
Presiding over the certificate award ceremony, the Deputy Executive Secretary UNCST, Dr. Martin Patrick Ongol congratulated all participants upon braving the three days of training despite their busy academic and research schedules. He equally commended Prof. Robert Wamala for ensuring that RECs at Makerere receive regular training and accreditation as mandated by governing procedures.
In the same breath he noted that RECs are key to ensuring that institutions conduct credible research and therefore ought not to be kept at the periphery of governance. “We would like to see that Research Ethics Committees get incorporated into governance and management structures of Makerere University – not like ad-hoc or adjunct entities within the ecosystem.”
Dr. Ongol equally called upon researchers and proposal writers in the room to ensure that issues of ethics are adequately budgeted for in the studies. “When it comes to participant compensation, we sometimes hit a snag,” he cited. He equally called upon members of RECs to ensure that issues of documentation are adequately addressed. “80% of noncompliance issues observed by UNCST are due to improper, missing or poorly handled documentation, and one of the ways of improving is through continuous engagement and we hope that we shall get there” he added.
DRIP and National Accreditation Committee Laud RECs
Prof. Robert Wamala whose Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships is at the heart of coordinating training with UNCST commended members of RECs, many of whom hold the ranks of Professors, Associate Professors and Senior Lecturers for sacrificing time to complete the GRRP Training. He reiterated that RECs are at the heart of ensuring that Makerere‘s research, particularly that involving human participants, meets national and international standards through harmonised ethical review approaches.
Adding her voice, Prof. Sylvia Angubua Baluka, a member of the UNCST National Accreditation Committee noted that in addition to RECs, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees play an important role in safeguarding the lives of animals that we depend on for food.
“I would therefore like to appreciate all Chairpersons and Members of Committees that are here; you are doing a good job and based on our site monitoring visits, we can address gaps in monitoring the research protocols you approve so as to have more impactful work and outputs that are more compliant with the ethical approval given” she added.
RECs at a glance
A total of 95 members of RECs took part in the GRRP Training as broken down below.
- Makerere University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (SOM–REC) – 19
- Makerere University School of Biomedical Sciences Research Ethics Committee (SBS–REC) – 17
- Makerere University School of Health Sciences (SHS–REC) – 15
- Makerere University School of Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MakSS–REC) – 5
- Makerere University School of Public Health Research Ethics Committee (MakSPH–REC) – 19
- Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS–REC) – 3
- Makerere University College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES–REC) – 13
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB–REC) – 4
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