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Research findings show that Iron levels of blood donors in Uganda are low

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Makerere University researchers have released research findings showing that some blood donors in Uganda have low iron levels,low iron stores are common in blood donors, and that the donors who are deferred for low blood levels have limited insight into their situation. The findings were presented at a research dissemination workshop held on the 15th November 2022 at Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

In his remarks, Dr. Aggrey Dhabangi, Principal Investigator (PI) of the study explained that lack of iron may result in anaemia, which in turn makes blood donors ineligible to donate. ‘Other complications arising from low iron include, fatigue, low energy, and depression’, he added.

Statistics show that Uganda collects about 300,000 blood donations per year which is below the WHO recommended target of one donation per 100 population per year. As such, more donations are needed to increase blood supply. However, 10% of potential donors are turned away (deferred), 25% of these are due to low blood levels (anaemia); these missed donations may further exacerbate blood shortages in the country. Thresholds for eligibility to donate are 12.5g/dL and 13.5 g/dL for women and men respectively.

A total of 500 donors were involved in the cross-sectional study conducted within the central region blood collection sites of the Uganda Blood Transfusion Services (UBTS). The key findings of the study included:

  • The results showed that, of all potential donors screened to donate, 20.6 % had low iron stores. Among donors with blood levels acceptable to donate, 11.5% had low iron stores, while among those already turned away from donating for low blood levels, 61.5% also had had low iron.
  • The prevalence of low iron stores was higher among females (33.0%) compared to males (2.5%), but even higher among younger females i.e., 24 years and below (35.4%).
  • Further analysis revealed that, NOT eating an“iron-rich” diet was a major factor linked to low storesamong blood donors.
  • Interviews with donors turned away from donating for low blood levels revealed that many did not receive sufficient explanations as to why they were turned away, and what they were told was sometimes confusing to them.
  • Although the majority were surprised to be found with low blood levels and seemed frustrated for being turned away; deferral for low blood levels was generally poorly understood. Some interpreted it to mean, they had just ‘enough blood for themselves, but not enough to donate’. Others took the issue very lightly, yet their iron measurements have shown that 61.5% of these individuals besides being low on blood, they also had low iron.

The researchers gave the following recommendations:

  • Dietary (Iron-rich diet):Action – The population should be encouraged to adopt healthy eating lifestyle/diet which is iron-rich.Foods like leafy greens (bbugga, dodo, nakati), liver, beef, beans among others should be included in diets.
  • Behavioural change communicationon nutrition should be instituted to get the populations to change their diets and eating habits.
  • Consider Iron supplements for the population to repleteiron stores. The UBTS/Ministry of Health can offer iron pills to the affected donors. In the past this was done.
  • Identify donors at risk of Iron Deficiency through screening to identify affected persons early enough for interventions.
  • Improved communication is necessary for better handling of blood donors; the capacity of UBTS staff should be built; produce IEC materials for deferred donors: anaemia treatment, and prevention
  • Referral – to physicians for work-up and further management of anaemia

This study was made possible through collaboration between Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Uganda Blood Transfusion Services. Funding support was provided by the Government of the Republic of Uganda, through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF) – Round 3, financial year 2021/22.

Research Team: Dr. Aggrey Dhabangi (Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-PIs Dr. Godfrey Siu, Dr. Ronald Ssenyonga, Dr. Susan Acan, Mrs. Dorothy Kyeyune, and Dr. Imelda Bates.

Zaam Ssali

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Call for Abstracts: Digital Health Africa 2025

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Call for Abstracts: Digital Health Africa 2025 Conference, 3-4 September 2025.

The Digital Health Africa 2025 Conference will provide practical insights in the potential applications of digital technologies, using maternal and child health, as important examples. Topics of interest will include patient registries, safety signals, vaccine use in pregnancy/breastfeeding, labelling of vaccines in pregnancy, emerging infections and antibiotic resistance, telemedicine, pharmacometric modelling, precision medicine, medicines regulation, ethical and legal aspects, and capability enhancement.

Applying an integrated multi-site face-to-face and remote format, this hybrid Conference will use digital tools to allow delegates and speakers from three different regions, South Africa, Uganda and Germany, as well as fully virtual participants to engage with one another. This will offer a nexus for collaboration and networking to promote partnerships among local and international stakeholders as well as capacity building for young scientists. Delegates will have the opportunity to engage with experts from industry, academia, healthcare providers, government and regulatory agencies as well as patient representatives to learn from one another and to gain valuable insights into the latest trends and best practices in digital health.

Abstracts should fit into one of these categories:

  1. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) & Digital Innovation
  2. Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
  3. Digital Health Systems & Scaling
  4. Governance, Data Management & Interoperability
  5. Artificial Intelligence in Health & Research
  6. Pharmacometrics & Digital Tools
  7. Case Studies & Lessons Learned
  8. Cross-cutting & Strategic Perspectives

Submission deadline: 31st July 2025.

Accepted abstracts will be presented as interactive posters:

  • a physical poster presentation at one of the conference sites
  • an e-poster (digital version of your physical poster for sharing online)
  • a 3-minute recorded presentation to accompany the poster.

Presenters with accepted posters will be offered complementary conference registration.

Submit your poster abstract here: https://forms.gle/aXYHeZSwX2EhEUas5

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Mak Editor

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Emorimor Calls for Makerere to Upgrade Parenting Course

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Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala, Principal CHUSS represented the Vice Chancellor at the event. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, has called on Makerere University to elevate the Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions course into a fully-fledged programme. This, he argued, would strengthen the capacity of practitioners implementing parenting interventions across Uganda.

Speaking at a graduation ceremony held on 11th June 2025 at Makerere University where 35 practitioners completed the 12-week course, Emorimor Papa Emolot emphasized the transformative power of effective parenting. He urged aspiring parents and advocates of the Parenting for Respectability model to enroll in the course.

Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to the Queen of Teso as the Emorimor and other officials witness. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to the Queen of Teso as the Emorimor and other officials witness.

Citing the impact in his own sub-county and village, the cultural leader revealed that over 800 families had already benefited from the programme.

“We now see peace and love in homes where there was once conflict. Without good parenting, you risk raising animals instead of children,” he passionately stated.

He praised the course for equipping practitioners, policymakers, and researchers with the skills needed to design culturally sensitive, evidence-based parenting interventions tailored to Uganda’s context. Among the notable graduates was Her Royal Majesty Juliet Among Emolot Atomeileng Akaliat Toto, who reaffirmed her commitment to advancing family-strengthening initiatives using the skills and knowledge acquired.

Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to a female participant. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to a female participant.

Dr. Godfrey Siu, Senior Lecturer and Course Leader at Makerere University, described the course as a timely intervention. During this remarks, Dr. Siu described the event as a significant milestone in advancing the field of evidence based parenting intervention and family strengthening in Uganda.

“This course is meant to empower you as practitioners, policy makers and all those involved in development and implementation of parenting work. It provides both theoretical knowledge and practical tools essential for developing high quality interventions”, Dr. Siu noted. He urged the pioneer group to carry forward the expertise as champions of designing, adaptation and implementation of evidence parenting interventions.

Dr. Godfrey Siu, Senior Lecturer at CHDC and Course Leader. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Godfrey Siu, Senior Lecturer at CHDC and Course Leader.

Representing the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Dr. Aggrey David Kibenge, Juliana Naumo, Commissioner for Culture and Family Affairs, said the course supports the government’s agenda to address negative social outcomes affecting families.

“By grounding parenting in research, harmonizing policy with practice, and advocating for equity, we will ensure no family is left behind,” she said. “Cross-sectoral collaboration is key to unlocking transformative change.”

Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to a female participant. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala handing over a gift to a female participant.

Ms. Naumo highlighted the government’s commitment—both technical and financial—to support outstanding student projects from the course. She stressed the importance of equipping professionals with the skills to bridge gaps between research and practice for consistent, high-quality parenting support across Uganda. While delivering the Vice chancellors speech by Dr. Helen Nambalirwa, Principal of the CHUSS, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe commended the graduates as a beacon of hope.

“At a time when parenting faces challenges like digital distractions, changing societal norms, and a rising mental health crisis, Makerere reaffirms its support for interventions that drive the societal transformation we desire,” Nawangwe stated.

Prof. Richard Idro, Deputy Principal of the College of Health Sciences, acknowledged the growing parenting challenges in Uganda and the region, adding that the course was a major step towards standardizing parenting interventions nationwide.

Deputy Principal CHS, Assoc. Professor Richard Idro welcomes the Queen of Teso (also one of the course participants). Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Deputy Principal CHS, Assoc. Professor Richard Idro welcomes the Queen of Teso (also one of the course participants).

He applauded the Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC) for leading this paramount and critical initiative.

Mr. Hosea Katende, Course Administrator at CHDC, emphasized the importance of integrating systematic methods, ethical principles, robust evidence, and collaboration to create lasting impact in parenting.

Course Participants with Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala and Assoc. Professor Richard Idro-in blue checked coat cutting cake. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Course Participants with Prof. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala and Assoc. Professor Richard Idro-in blue checked coat cutting cake.

Dr. Aggrey Dhabangi, Lecturer at CHDC, representing Dr. Herbert Muyinda, Director of CHDC, acknowledged the contributions of partners such as the ELMA Foundation and Echidna Giving for their financial and capacity-building support. He also appreciated the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, among other stakeholders, for their technical guidance in the programme’s successful implementation.

Dr. Dhabangi extended gratitude to cultural institutions, especially the Kingdom of Teso, and acknowledged growing collaborations with other cultural institutions such as the Kingdom of Acholi, in the shared mission of building strong families as the foundation of Uganda’s future.

Participants of the Course. Science of Designing, Adaptation, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions 12-week course, Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC), College of Health Sciences (CHS) graduation presided over by The Iteso Cultural Leader, His Highness Emorimor Papa Paul Sande Emolot, 11th June 2025, Freedom Square, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Participants of the Course.

He extended his heartfelt gratitude to cultural institutions, especially the Kingdom of Teso, and others kingdoms such as the Kingdom of Acholi, in building Uganda’s future through creating strong families. Nuruh Mbalyowere, a Rehabilitation and Reintegration Officer with the Uganda Prisons Service, was honored for developing the best parenting intervention titled “Parenting Behind Prison Bars.” She expressed her intention to apply the knowledge gained both at home and in her workplace.

Zaam Ssali

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MakSPH, DJC Launch Short Course on Health Communication

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The heads of the Department of Journalism and Communication and the Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (centre) with participants from the first cohort of the Health Communication short course at Makerere University. June 5, 2025. Intensive one-month course on Health Communication, first cohort June 5 to July 24, 2025, jointly offered by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH)’s Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (CHBS) and the Department of Journalism and Communication (DJC), School of Languages, Literature, and Communication (SLLC), co-designed in 2024 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation through Amref Health Africa, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Okeya John and Primrose Nabankema

The intensive one-month course, running for the first time from June 5 to July 24, 2025, is jointly offered by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH)’s Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (CHBS) and the Department of Journalism and Communication (DJC) at the School of Languages, Literature, and Communication (SLLC), co-designed in 2024 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation through Amref Health Africa.

It seeks to equip healthcare providers at the community level, public health and environmental health practitioners, communication specialists, health educators, community development officers, social scientists, and policy makers, among others, with strategic communication skills to improve public health messaging, strengthen community engagement, and support evidence-based interventions, ultimately empowering participants to effectively engage communities and improve population health outcomes across Uganda and the region.

Launching the course, the heads of the Department of Journalism and Communication and the Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences noted that participants who complete the short course will gain practical tools to influence behaviour change, build trust, and deliver timely, accurate, and relevant health information to the communities they serve. The first cohort attracted more than 60 applicants, with 36 reporting for the opening in-person session on June 5, 2025, at MakSPH in Mulago. Between now and July, participants will undergo a hands-on, multidisciplinary learning experience within the Certificate in Health Communication and Community Engagement program, which combines theory and practice.

Among the participants in the first cohort of the certificate course, designed as a pilot for the anticipated Master of Health Promotion and Communication to be jointly offered by the two departments at Makerere University, is Ms. Maureen Kisaakye, a medical laboratory technologist specialising in microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and currently pursuing a Master’s in Immunology and Clinical Microbiology at Makerere. She is driven by a passion to help reverse the rising tide of AMR, a growing global health threat where drugs that once worked are no longer effective. Kisaakye is particularly concerned about common infections, like urinary tract infections, becoming increasingly resistant and harder to treat.

“I enrolled in this course because I’m an advocate against antimicrobial resistance, and it came at a time when I needed to deepen my knowledge on how to implement our projects more effectively and engage with communities. The experience has broadened my understanding of AMR and its impact on society, and strengthened my passion for community-driven health initiatives and advocacy,” Kisaakye said, explaining why she enrolled for the short course.

Ms. Maureen Kisaakye (in white) during a youth-led community AMR and WASH awareness campaign in informal settlements in Kamwokya, Kampala, on 12th April, 2025. Intensive one-month course on Health Communication, first cohort June 5 to July 24, 2025, jointly offered by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH)’s Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (CHBS) and the Department of Journalism and Communication (DJC), School of Languages, Literature, and Communication (SLLC), co-designed in 2024 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation through Amref Health Africa, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ms. Maureen Kisaakye (in white) during a youth-led community AMR and WASH awareness campaign in informal settlements in Kamwokya, Kampala, on 12th April, 2025.

Kisaakye’s work in antimicrobial resistance extends beyond the lab. Having earned her degree in medical laboratory science from Mbarara University of Science and Technology, she founded Impala Tech Research in 2024 to drive impact and save lives. She has led grassroots AMR campaigns that integrate antimicrobial stewardship with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education in underserved urban communities, including the informal settlements in Kampala. She also has since designed peer-led initiatives that empower university students as AMR Champions, building a network of informed youth advocates. Kisaakye believes the health communication course will sharpen her ability to design and deliver impactful, community-centred interventions in response to the growing threat of drug resistance.

“The department collaborates with many partners within and beyond the University, including the School of Public Health, where we are working to develop the subfield of health communication and promotion. Our goal is to train specialists in this area and build a community of practice, something we have each been doing in our own spaces. There’s a lot of work ahead, and COVID-19 showed us just how urgently we need a generation trained to do this kind of work, and to do it very well,” said Dr. Aisha Nakiwala, Head of the Department of Journalism and Communication, during the opening of the short course on June 5.

Dr. Aisha Nakiwala, Head of the Department of Journalism and Communication, underscored the partnership between DJC and MakSPH as a crucial step toward strengthening public health through strategic communication. June 5th, 2025. Intensive one-month course on Health Communication, first cohort June 5 to July 24, 2025, jointly offered by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH)’s Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (CHBS) and the Department of Journalism and Communication (DJC), School of Languages, Literature, and Communication (SLLC), co-designed in 2024 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation through Amref Health Africa, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Aisha Nakiwala, Head of the Department of Journalism and Communication, underscored the partnership between DJC and MakSPH as a crucial step toward strengthening public health through strategic communication. June 5, 2025.

She assured participants they were in good hands and underscored the importance of the partnership between the Department of Journalism and Communication and the School of Public Health, describing it as a vital collaboration that brings together strategic communication and public health expertise. This dynamic, multidisciplinary approach, she noted, is essential to developing practical solutions that empower communities, strengthen health systems, and ultimately improve livelihoods.

The course offers a hands-on, multidisciplinary learning experience, with participants intended to explore key modules including Health Communication and Promotion, Risk Communication, Smart Advocacy, Community Mapping, Community Mobilisation and Empowerment, and Strategies for Community Engagement. The course combines theory with real-world application, and its assessment includes a field-based project and a final exam.

“You are our first cohort. We are seeing the fruits of our efforts in bringing this short course to life. It was born out of a joint initiative to develop a Master’s programme in Health Promotion and Communication,” said Dr. Christine Nalwadda, Head of the Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences. “We carried out extensive consultations with our different key stakeholders during the process and discovered a real need for such a course. It was the stakeholders who even named it; this course name didn’t come from us.”

For Kisaakye, by the end of the course in July, she hopes to have sharpened her skills in health promotion and strategic communication, particularly in crafting targeted messages that help individuals and communities effectively respond to threats such as antimicrobial resistance. She also aims to gain practical experience in designing, implementing, and evaluating community health initiatives that can strengthen her advocacy and drive lasting impact.

Dr. Marjorie Kyomuhendo, one of the course facilitators, engages Mr. Jackson Ssewanyana, a participant in the first cohort of the Certificate in Health Communication and Community Engagement, as Ms. Maureen Kisaakye listens in. June 5, 2025. Intensive one-month course on Health Communication, first cohort June 5 to July 24, 2025, jointly offered by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH)’s Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences (CHBS) and the Department of Journalism and Communication (DJC), School of Languages, Literature, and Communication (SLLC), co-designed in 2024 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation through Amref Health Africa, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Marjorie Kyomuhendo, one of the course facilitators, engages Mr. Jackson Ssewanyana, a participant in the first cohort of the Certificate in Health Communication and Community Engagement, as Ms. Maureen Kisaakye listens in. June 5, 2025.

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John Okeya

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