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Gender Dynamics affect Uptake of Agricultural Technologies – Mak SECA Study

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A study conducted by Makerere University researchers in Iganga and Bugiri districts indicates that disparities still exist regarding access and sustained use of improved crop varieties among women and men. The men still dominate decision making power which negatively impacts on the sustained use and uptake of improved crop varieties in the two districts. Gender transformative approaches that consider the interest and needs of both men and women, are deemed fit for the design and implementation of interventions and ensure voices and aspirations of men and women are considered.

Between 2020–2022, researchers from Makerere University Department of Extension and Innovation Studies with support from Carnegie Corporation of New York under the Auspices of the Directorate of Graduate Research and Training programme of Supporting Early Career Academics through Post-Doctoral training at Makerere University (SECA) undertook a study titled, “Intra-household Gender Dynamics in Uptake of Agricultural Technologies for Sustained livelihoods in Uganda.”

Dr. Losira Nasirumbi presenting the study findings at Nakigo Sub-county.
Dr. Losira Nasirumbi presenting the study findings at Nakigo Sub-county.

The study was conducted in Nakigo and Nambaale sub-counties in Iganga and Buwunga and Nabukalu sub counties in Bugiri districts. The study areas were selected because of the intensity of interventions by government and non-state agencies in the area aimed at enhancing resilience of the farming systems and increasing agricultural productivity.

The   study,  aimed to unravel  the power dynamics at the household level that influence sustained use of new crop varieties for equitable and sustainable likelihoods in Uganda. The research therefore adopted a gender approach in examining decision making patterns, power relations and negotiation processes at household level and how these influence access to control over new technologies and ultimately sustained use. This was disclosed during the research dissemination workshops conducted on 6th and 7th October 2022 in the study areas that brought together district administrative and technical officers including, production, extension and agricultural officers, district chairpersons, senior production secretaries, farmers and farmer groups, civil society organisations and community-based organisations.

Dr. Florence Kyazze speaking to farmers at Buwunga Sub-county.
Dr. Florence Kyazze speaking to farmers at Buwunga Sub-county.

According to the Principal Investigator, Dr. Losira Nasirumbi Sanya, progress towards attaining food security remains a challenge partly due to low use of science and technological innovations developed over time. While sharing the study findings for validation, Dr. Losira explained that the overall objective of the research was to contribute towards promoting sustainable use of new agricultural technologies and innovations through better understanding of the gendered dynamics that enhance access and sustained use as a pathway to transformation of production systems and increasing productivity.

“The specific objectives were to describe the dissemination and use of agricultural technologies in selected districts of Eastern agro-ecological zone of Uganda; analyse the intra-household gender roles and relations in regard to technology access and sustained use within the institution of the household, and quantify the distribution of the decision-making power within dual adult households and how this influences technology uptake and empowerment among women,” she said.

Dr. Losira with a couple during the scoring game.
Dr. Losira with a couple during the scoring game.

She said data was collected from men and women using survey questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth farmer interviews. The findings indicated that farmers were involved in growing at least eight crops, two of the crops purposely for food security, one for cash and the rest for both food and cash. The crops include maize, cassava, beans, sweet potatoes, ground nuts, rice, soybeans, coffee and bananas among others.

The study revealed that in the past five years, men had more access to training on farming and improved seeds from government related experts and NGOs.The study also revealed that though women went to cluster project [ACDP] and accessed improved seed, only a few continued to use such varieties due to several factors.

Dr. Florence Kyazze (Mentor) and Dr. Losira Nasirumbi (PI) meeting farmers at Nakigo Sub-county.
Dr. Florence Kyazze (Mentor) and Dr. Losira Nasirumbi (PI) meeting farmers at Nakigo Sub-county.

The study also established that households had joint and individual plots for women and men.  Joint farms according to this research were preferred by men and women to promote harmony and reduce domestic violence, ease management, sharing resources and labour, timely planting and due to limited land.

Men, the study found, preferred their own plots to meet their diverse demands since some were polygamous, and wanted to fulfil family obligations. On the other hand, it was found that women preferred individual farms for financial independence, control over their income and the need to ensure food security.

When it came to access to farming resources such as land, fertilizers, herbicides and seeds, the study indicated that men had more access but women were mostly involved in providing farm labour for planting and weeding.

The representative of the Chairman LCV Iganga speaking.
The representative of the Chairman LCV Iganga speaking.

Findings on the intra-household decision making power indicated that 62% of women accorded themselves a high score of having more decision making power than what men scored them in relation to their input to decision dimensions related to asset ownership and use, productive decisions, use of labour (hired and family), marketing, financial  time allocation and access to trainings, extension and  group membership. However, 29% of the women gave themselves a lower score than their spouses scored them across the different decision dimensions. The study found perfect agreement in the scores assigned by men and women in only 9% of the households. “Decision making power is directly linked to one’s ability to make choice and action on that choice,” said the PI. “A mismatch between actual and perceived empowerment in decision making signals opportunities for creating awareness among farming communities if we are to achieve the intended goal of equitable access and outcomes.”

The study revealed that the disparities in decision making power affected the use of improved technologies and productivity.

“Women with high decision making power (empowered) were more likely able to sustain use of improved varieties than those with lower scores.Those with low decision making power were highly associated with low use of improved varieties. Those with the ability to make decisions and even when closer to extension services were able to grow more improved varieties though high decision making power was negatively associated with the number of improved varieties grown. This illuminates the fact that women’s empowerment in decision making has potential to contribute to closing the gender gap in sustained use thus the need to be more intentional about women’s participation, decision making and agency in development interventions if we are to achieve greater impact in sustained use of agricultural technologies towards better livelihoods,” Dr. Losira explained.

District Agricultural Officer Iganga Bazalaki Sully making his remarks.
District Agricultural Officer Iganga Bazalaki Sully making his remarks.

During the dissemination workshop, the District Agricultural Officer, Iganga, Mr. Bazalaki Sully Nantatya said, the research has been of great value and has unearthed the dynamics in the communities in regard to gender relations, decision making and uptake of technologies.

He reported that technology uptake in Iganga district has been good because of the capacity building initiative undertaken by a number of partners and projects both through government and non-state actors.

“This research has revealed that adoption of improved technologies has been embraced which has led to increased yields and farmers are very appreciative. Since the start of this research, we have observed that gender relations have improved among participating households when it comes to working in gardens and decision making and that now a wife and husband have come closer and jointly taking lead in implementing farming activities right from planting to marketing. This has been made possible by the approach adopted in this research of having both spouses involved in all activities. Farmers are also realising the use of improved technologies which they feel must be sustained. As a district, we are thinking of enhancing input delivery system to sustain the new interventions and all these have been revealed during the dissemination workshop which has pointed out where things are working out well and not,” he said

Dr. Florence Kyazze (Left) interacting with farmers during the meeting at Nambaale Sub-county.
Dr. Florence Kyazze (Left) interacting with farmers during the meeting at Nambaale Sub-county.

The Agricultural Officer, Nambaale Sub County, Gwahaba Richard said farmers easily take up new technologies especially to increase yields but hardly sustain their use.

“We need to wake up as extension officers and district partners and concentrate on gender issues so that men, women and children at the household level embrace these technologies and work together to sustain them,” he said.

Representing the District Chairperson Iganga, the Vice Chairperson, Ali Mukacha appreciated Makerere University for choosing Iganga as a site for the research saying, the study was in line with the government strategy of modernising agriculture and improving farmers’ livelihoods from a peasantry to middle income earners by the year 2030.

He said Nambaale Sub County has been one of the model sub-counties in the district that has participated in many interventions. He pledged the district support towards any research program in the area.

Farmers from Buwunga Sub-County and researchers take a group photo after the meeting.
Farmers from Buwunga Sub-County and researchers take a group photo after the meeting.

Rebecca Naigaga, a farmer from Iganga districts appreciated the research.

I have learnt a lot that a husband and wife need to sit together during the planting season and agree on how to rent land, its size, what crops to plant. Then during harvest, we need to agree on what amount to sell and leave for food and what to sell for fees. The other, I have learnt is that, men have more access to land but as women we can also hire,” she noted.

Elias Mutyaba from Nambaale Agro business appreciated the study for changing his mindset and called upon farmers to adopt modern farming practices.

This time I have changed my attitude. I was so piteous of myself that I was unemployed but with this workshop, I have learnt that farming is also a business where I can earn money. I call upon my fellow farmers to embrace new varieties and use of fertilisers to improve the yields,” he said.

Jane Anyango

Agriculture & Environment

13th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection – October 2026

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A presenter at one of the past IWCSPP Conferences. Photo: 13iwcspp.com

Venue: Munyonyo Commonwealth Resort and Conference Centre, Kampala, Uganda

Theme: Advancing research, technology, and innovations in stored product protection for sustainable trade, food and nutrition security

13th IWCSPP FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT

Dear colleague,

We are happy to announce that the 13th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (13th IWCSPP) will take place on 19-23 October 2026 in Kampala, Uganda. This conference will be held at Munyonyo Commonwealth Resort and Conference Centre, Kampala, Uganda — this is a beachfront hotel on the shores of Lake Victoria.

This is the First Announcement which can also be found online at https://13iwcspp.com/.

You can follow us at https://13iwcspp.com/. All the conference information will continue to be published on this website.

We look forward to your participation at the 13th IWCSPP in Kampala, Uganda.

13th IWCSPP Organizing Committee

For more information, visit https://13iwcspp.com or contact:

  • Chair, Local Organizing Committee: Prof. Herbert Talwana, Makerere University: haltalwana@gmail.com; herbert.talwana@mak.ac.ug
  • 13th IWCSPP Secretariat: info@13iwcspp.com; 13iwcsppconference@gmail.com; rmutebifoodscience@gmail.com
  • Chair, Scientific Committee: Prof. George Opit, Oklahoma State University george.opit@okstate.edu
  • President, Permanent Committee – IWCSPP: Dr. James Campbell campbell@ksu.edu.

Mak Editor

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Agriculture & Environment

Mak Launches Phase II of the RUFS Project to Strengthen Climate Resilience & Food Security in Kasese & Mbale Districts

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The project team led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, together with stakeholders, at the workshop at Rwenzori International Hotel in Kasese Municipality on 18th August 2025. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Following the success of its initial phase, Makerere University has launched Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga of the Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences at Makerere University, the project continues to address urban food system challenges through inclusive, climate-smart, and community-driven solutions.

Achievements registered under Phase I of the RUFS Project

Phase I of the RUFS Project delivered a range of impactful outcomes aimed at building more inclusive and sustainable urban food systems. The achievements included:

  1. Formation of smallholder farmer platforms
    • RUFS established the Kasese and Mbale City Food Systems Platforms, empowering smallholder farmers to actively shape resilient urban food systems.
  1. Multi-stakeholder collaboration
    • The project facilitated dialogue among farmers, civil society, private sector actors, and local governments to improve coordination and governance.
  1. Exposure and exchange visits
    • Learning exchanges and site visits enabled peer learning, spurred innovation, and encouraged the adoption of best practices across urban and peri-urban farming communities.
  1. Capacity building for local experts
    • The project enhanced the technical and organizational capacities of local professionals, empowering them to lead and sustain resilient food system initiatives.
  1. Resource commitment from local governments
    • Tangible commitments from local leaders demonstrated strong political will to support inclusive urban food systems.
  1. Recognition of smallholder farmers
    • The contributions of smallholder farmers gained greater recognition, acknowledging their essential role in ensuring food security and urban resilience.
  1. Amplification of local voices
    • Community stories, practices, and lessons were documented and shared widely, helping to shape urban food policies from a grassroots perspective.
The Project Coordinator, Prof. Frank Mugagga briefing participants about the objectives of Phase II. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Project Coordinator, Prof. Frank Mugagga briefing participants about the objectives of Phase II.

Goals and focus of Phase II

Phase II of the RUFS project sets out to: 1) Strengthen flood and drought resilience in urban communities through strengthened stakeholder collaboration in Kasese and Mbale, 2) Raise community awareness on climate risks and equip residents with preventive and adaptive skills, 3) Integrate indigenous and local knowledge into policy and planning for more context-relevant decision-making, and 4) Co-develop knowledge with both state and non-state actors to promote inclusive and evidence-based decisions.

To achieve these goals, the project will strengthen partnerships with key stakeholders, including the Ministry of Water and Environment, AidEnvironment, and potentially the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). It will engage a range of expertise, including flood and drought modeling, spatial analytics, economic assessment of loss and damage, and the reconstruction of socio-hydrological histories of river flows to inform current debates. Participatory methods will be central to the project’s approach, including charrettes (with role plays), walkshops and transect walks, participatory community mapping (of resources, actors, and hotspots), peer-to-peer learning, and experiential learning activities. The core team will be expanded to include policy actors, and innovative partnerships will be developed with government programmes such as the Parish Development Model (PDM) and Operation Wealth Creation (OWC). The project will also explore opportunities for shared use of limited public land for demonstration purposes, and emphasize co-creation of knowledge among all stakeholders.

Some of the stakeholders from Kasese Municipality that attended the workshop. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the stakeholders from Kasese Municipality that attended the workshop.

RUFS Phase II stakeholder engagement in Kasese

The RUFS project team, led by Prof. Frank Mugagga, conducted a stakeholder engagement in Kasese from 17th to 20th August 2025. The primary objective of the engagement was to formally introduce the extension phase of the project and to foster in-depth discussions with key stakeholders on strategies aimed at enhancing and strengthening the ongoing operations.

The event brought together a diverse group of participants, including representatives from the local government, community leaders, implementing partners, and technical experts. Through collaborative dialogue and knowledge sharing, the team sought to align the project goals with community needs and to ensure effective coordination amongst all parties.

The Deputy Mayor of Kasese Municipality, Mr. Mupango Rabson addressing participants. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Deputy Mayor of Kasese Municipality, Mr. Mupango Rabson addressing participants.

The engagement provided a vital platform for stakeholders to offer insights, address challenges, and contribute to the development of sustainable solutions that will drive the success of Phase II of the project.

Highlights from the workshop

Held at Rwenzori International Hotel in Kasese, the two-day workshop featured targeted presentations on enhancing smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change, effective emergency response mechanisms in the face of climate extremes, and the role of advocacy in advancing community-led climate adaptation strategies.

RUFS Project Focal Person in Kasese Municipality sharing the workshop programme. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
RUFS Project Focal Person in Kasese Municipality sharing the workshop programme.

In their presentation, Mr. Henry Stanley Mbowa (AidEnvironment) and Mr. Muhindo Assanairi Bukanywa (Kasese Agricultural Officer) shared insights on climate-resilient agronomic practices, covering a number of topics including land preparation, crop management, pest control, water conservation, postharvest handling, and market access.

 Mr. Kipurah Gideon briefed participants on the role of the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) in emergency response, offering an insightful overview of the organization’s operations within disaster management frameworks. In relation to the RUFS Project, which focuses on enhancing urban resilience and food security, Mr. Kipurah explained how URCS integrates emergency response strategies to mitigate the impact of crises on vulnerable populations.

Kasese Municipality Town Clerk, Mr Kambasu Zedekiah appreciated the project team and funders for their strategic approach in addressing the complex challenges facing the district. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Kasese Municipality Town Clerk, Mr Kambasu Zedekiah appreciated the project team and funders for their strategic approach in addressing the complex challenges facing the district.

In his address, Mr. Lhughabwe Wilson, Principal Community Development Officer, Kasese Municipality, emphasized the pivotal role of advocacy in building climate-resilient communities. He noted that effective advocacy enables local stakeholders to influence policy, mobilize resources, and promote sustainable, community-driven solutions, all critical to developing resilient urban food systems in the context of growing climate uncertainties.

Remarks and success stories by the RUFS Champions

During the workshop, RUFS champions alongside several farmers from Kasese Municipality shared their success stories, highlighting the positive impact their initiatives have had on the community. Ms. Eunice Muyama, a Physical Planner from Mbale City and a committed RUFS Champion, emphasized the need to integrate urban farming into wider infrastructure development plans. She highlighted the challenges brought about by rapid urbanization, which continues to consume valuable land and reduce green spaces. “It is vital that we implement innovative planning strategies to make the most of even the smallest plots of land.” To set a practical example, she personally practices urban farming at her home, demonstrating that it is both feasible and beneficial to cultivate crops within city environments.

Participants following the proceedings of the workshop. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Participants following the proceedings of the workshop.

Mr. Juma Wephukhulu, a dedicated urban farmer in Mbale City credits the support of the RUFS Project for his transformative journey from a small-scale backyard gardener to a prominent agricultural entrepreneur and community mobilizer. In 2012, inspired by the story of a Kenyan woman who turned her backyard garden into a thriving vegetable supply business for Nairobi’s hotels, Juma made a life-changing decision. He resigned from his job of managing a guest house and embarked on a mission to replicate similar success through urban farming. With only 45,000 Ugandan shillings and a family of six in a rented home, his resolve to succeed was unwavering. “I was driven by the idea that wealth and opportunity can be right on your doorstep,” Juma said.

Starting in 2014, Juma laid out a detailed plan to establish a demonstration farm and training centre, supply fresh vegetables to neighbours, sell seedlings and mature plants, produce organic manure, and train local farmers. Despite challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, his enterprise thrived, gaining traction through media appearances and community workshops.

The Project team briefing Kasese District RDC, Lt. Joe Walunsimbi about the plans for Phase II. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Project team briefing Kasese District RDC, Lt. Joe Walunsimbi about the plans for Phase II.

A significant turning point came in 2021 when Juma was selected to participate in RUFS activities in Mbale. With the involvement of RUFS, Juma’s farm and leadership abilities gained greater recognition. He was elected Chairperson of the Mbale City Food Systems Platform (MCFS), further amplifying his impact in the region. The project support went beyond training and resources; they sponsored Juma and his colleague Mary to attend the prestigious Harvest Money Expo in Kololo, providing funds for food, transport, accommodation, and allowances. The project also facilitated media documentation of Juma’s success story through NBS and Salt TV, helping share his inspiring journey widely.

With RUFS assistance, Juma and his team registered their platform as a Community-Based Organization (CBO) in August 2022, gaining official recognition and access to wider partnerships. He recently completed a book chronicling his farming experiences, supported by RUFS, to inspire and educate others. “The RUFS Project has been instrumental in my growth, not just financially but in exposure, training, and networking. Their support has enabled me to dream bigger, including plans to establish a 10-acre incubator farm integrating crops, fish farming, poultry, and more,” he narrated.

RUFS Champions in Mbale City and Kasese Municipality, Eunice Muyama, Juma Wepukhulu, and Eunice Mutooro sharing their success stories. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
RUFS Champions in Mbale City and Kasese Municipality, Eunice Muyama, Juma Wepukhulu, and Eunice Mutooro sharing their success stories.

Ms. Eunice Mutooro Sunday, an urban farmer in Kasese and lead smallholder on the RUFS Project, has become a passionate advocate for urban and kitchen farming in her district. Through her active participation in the RUFS Project, Ms. Mutooro gained invaluable exposure to innovative urban farming models and acquired advanced agricultural techniques that have significantly enhanced her farming practices. This experience not only deepened her knowledge but also ignited a strong passion to empower others around her. As a respected leader within her local church, she leverages her influential position to mobilize community members and champion sustainable agricultural practices. She has become the primary ambassador of the RUFS initiative in her congregation, where she leads training sessions focused on kitchen gardening and sanitation. To foster enthusiasm and engagement, she introduced friendly competitions among households, encouraging them to cultivate and consume a minimum of three different types of vegetables from their own gardens. This innovative approach has successfully motivated many families to embrace home-grown produce as part of their daily diet. Through her tireless efforts, she encourages everyone to become proactive agents of change.

Mr. Edrick Bwambale, a smallholder farmer based in Kasese Municipality explained how the RUFS Project inspired him to mobilise fellow youth to establish an organization focused on promoting sustainable agri-food systems. The organization, known as ‘Sustainable Agri-Food Initiative (SAFI)’, is now working to address key challenges in food systems within Kasese District.

Mr. Henry Stanley Mbowa (AidEnvironment) and Mr. Muhindo Assanairi Bukanywa (Kasese Agricultural Officer) shared insights on climate-resilient agronomic practices. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Henry Stanley Mbowa (AidEnvironment) and Mr. Muhindo Assanairi Bukanywa (Kasese Agricultural Officer) shared insights on climate-resilient agronomic practices.

Remarks by the district officials

Addressing the participants, the Deputy Mayor of Kasese Municipality, Mr. Mapungo Rabson, together with the Deputy Town Clerk, Mr. Kambasu Zedekiah Kayiri, expressed appreciation for the RUFS project. They commended its forward-thinking and strategic approach in addressing the complex challenges facing the district, particularly those arising from rapid urbanization. Both officials emphasized that initiatives like RUFS are essential for promoting sustainable development, enhancing food security, and building the resilience of urban communities amidst increasing environmental and socio-economic pressures. The Deputy Mayor emphasized the need for a sustainability plan to ensure that the benefits of such initiatives are maintained and enhanced over time.

Mr. Kipurah Gideon from Uganda Red Cross Society addressed participants on effective emergency response mechanisms in the face of climate extremes. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Kipurah Gideon from Uganda Red Cross Society addressed participants on effective emergency response mechanisms in the face of climate extremes.

Assessment of the progress of RUFS Phase II

 At the end of the workshop, the RUFS team conducted site visits to assess the progress of Phase I initiatives. One such visit was to Mobuku II Cooperative Society, a farmer group established during Phase I that now includes 385 members, many of them women and youth. The cooperative has successfully secured fair contract farming deals, embraced agribusiness, and adopted climate-smart practices.

During the visit, in-depth discussions were held with cooperative leaders to identify opportunities for RUFS to continue strengthening support for smallholder farmers in Kasese. The dialogue focused on scaling sustainable farming techniques, improving market access, and enhancing the cooperative’s capacity to build resilience against climate-related challenges.

The project team at River Nyamwamba in Kasese Municipality. The river is notably known for frequent and destructive flooding. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The project team at River Nyamwamba in Kasese Municipality. The river is notably known for frequent and destructive flooding.

Way forward to ensure sustainability of the RUFS Project

Participants proposed that the municipality allocates land for community demonstration projects. Moving forward, Phase II of the project will focus on establishing and developing local demonstration sites. These sites will serve as key platforms to showcase tangible progress, innovative approaches, and best practices to stakeholders and the broader community. This strategy aims to encourage greater engagement, facilitate knowledge sharing, and promote the replication of successful models, thereby ensuring scalability and sustainability of the RUFS Project.

The project team held a similar engagement in Mbale City from 24th-27th August 2025.

The project team in a meeting with Mobuku II Cooperative Society leaders to explore strategies for strengthening collaboration. Launch of Phase II of the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project, aimed at deepening food security and climate resilience in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City. Funded through the AgriFoSe2030 programme and coordinated by Prof. Frank Mugagga, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics, and Climatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The project team in a meeting with Mobuku II Cooperative Society leaders to explore strategies for strengthening collaboration.

Pictorial of the RUFS Project stakeholder engagement in Kasese Municipality –

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XM64I-bKTvGb-uN_w9jIxaAuOWJwFSZX?usp=sharing

Hasifa Kabejja

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Agriculture & Environment

Combating Child Malnutrition in the Face of Climate Change: Mak’s Healthy Soy Initiative Offers Hope

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Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

*****Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, the Healthy Soy Project seeks to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions. The Project inception meeting was held on 15th August 2025 at CAES, Makerere University.

Overview

Child malnutrition remains one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 148 million children under the age of five were affected by stunting in 2023, a condition caused by chronic under-nutrition that impairs both physical and cognitive development. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030, but climate change, rising food insecurity, and deepening inequality are making this goal increasingly difficult to achieve.

The Dean, School of Agricultural Sciences, Dr John Baptist Tumuhairwe delivering welcome remarks on behalf of the Principal of CAES, Makerere University. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Dean, School of Agricultural Sciences, Dr John Baptist Tumuhairwe delivering welcome remarks on behalf of the Principal of CAES, Makerere University.

Expert reports indicate that as the global climate crisis accelerates, its ripple effects are being felt most acutely in the Global South. Prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall, and frequent natural disasters are reducing crop yields, diminishing nutrient density in food, and driving up food prices. For smallholder farmers, who form the backbone of food production in many developing countries, these changes are devastating. Without the resources to invest in irrigation or climate-adaptive technologies, they are hit hardest by agricultural losses.

The burden of climate-induced food insecurity and malnutrition is not shared equally. Children are particularly vulnerable, as their growth demands a consistent intake of high-quality nutrients. Women, meanwhile, are doubly impacted. They are often both food producers and the primary caregivers responsible for child nutrition. These gendered and generational inequalities are deepening as food systems falter under environmental stress.

Some of the project partners that participated in the inception meeting. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Some of the project partners that participated in the inception meeting.

Stunting and the Need for High-Quality Protein

Stunting in children is one of the most visible forms of malnutrition. Once it occurs, reversing it is challenging, though not impossible. For children affected by stunting to catch up in growth, their diets must include high-quality proteins, which are essential for muscle and tissue development.

Animal-source foods such as milk, eggs, and meat provide proteins with the highest biological value. However, in low-income settings, these foods are often prohibitively expensive or unavailable. Soybeans offer a promising alternative – they are a plant-based source of relatively high-quality protein, widely grown and consumed in many parts of the world. However, soy is not without limitations. Its protein bioavailability can be reduced by natural compounds known as anti-nutrients, which inhibit digestion and absorption.

Prof. Benedikte Grenov, the Principal Investigator, delivered a comprehensive overview of the project. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Benedikte Grenov, the Principal Investigator, delivered a comprehensive overview of the project.

The Healthy Soy Project: A Science-Based Solution for Sustainable Nutrition

In response to this challenge, Makerere University, in collaboration with partners and with funding from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) has launched an innovative research project titled Climate-resilient soybean for improved growth and health of children in Uganda (Healthy Soy). This multi-year project seeks to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions. The University of Copenhagen, Denmark is leading the project, with Makerere University and RECO Industries Limited as partners. The overall PI of the Project is Prof. Benedikte Grenov from the University of Copenhagen. At Makerere University, the project is coordinated by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa. Other project members include Assoc. Prof. Nanna Roos and Prof. Inge Tetens from the University of Copenhagen; Assoc. Prof. Dorothy Nakimbugwe and Assoc. Prof. Ezekiel Mupere from Makerere University; Mr. Alex Kisembo from RECO Industries Limited; and Prof. Daniel Tomé from Université Paris-Saclay, France.

Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa, Coordinator of the Healthy Soy Project sharing his views at the meeting. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa, Coordinator of the Healthy Soy Project sharing his views at the meeting.

The Healthy Soy project is structured around four key work packages

WP1 – Selecting Climate-Resilient, Nutrient-Rich Soybean Varieties

Researchers will identify and develop soybean strains that are both resilient to climate stressors and contain high levels of protein with reduced anti-nutrient content, making them more suitable for vulnerable populations.

WP2 – Enhancing Protein Bioavailability through Food Processing

Advanced food processing technologies will be employed to reduce anti-nutrient levels and improve the bioavailability of soy protein. The project will also evaluate how effectively soy protein supports catch-up growth in children affected by stunting.

Dr. Jenipher Bisikwa, Prof. John Muyonga, and Prof. Benedikte Grenov following the proceedings of the meeting. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Jenipher Bisikwa, Prof. John Muyonga, and Prof. Benedikte Grenov following the proceedings of the meeting.

WP3 – Developing Local Soy-Based Food Supplements

Working closely with local communities and food producers, the project will design and test new soy-based supplements tailored to local dietary habits. These products will be tested for their impact on child health and growth.

WP4 – Building Local Research Capacity and Sharing Knowledge

Capacity-building is a core element of Healthy Soy. The project will invest in training Ugandan researchers, strengthening local institutions, and disseminating findings to farmers, policymakers, health professionals, and other stakeholders across the region. At Makerere University, the project is supporting 3 PhD fellows namely: Ms. Nashim Nassanga from the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Mr. Amos Asiimwe from the Department of Food Technology and nutrition, and Ms. Prudence Ainomugisha from the College of Health Sciences. Ms. Nassanga will focus on identifying climate-smart soybean breeding lines for adaptability and farmers’ acceptability under severe climate conditions in Eastern, Northern, and Western Uganda; Mr. Asiimwe will develop soybean processing protocols to reduce anti-nutrients, improve soy protein bioavailability, and estimate its potential to support catch-up growth in children with stunting; and Prudence Ainomugisha will examine the effects of locally produced soy-based LNS on the growth and health of children with stunting.

Dr. Ephraim Nuwamanya shared insights into the ongoing research activities of MAKCSID, particularly focused on developing climate-resilient soybean varieties. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Ephraim Nuwamanya shared insights into the ongoing research activities of MAKCSID, particularly focused on developing climate-resilient soybean varieties.

The Healthy Soy Project Inception Meeting

On 15th August 2025, the project team held an inception meeting to discuss strategies for its implementation. The session brought together representatives from all partner institutions who shared a detailed overview of their respective roles, and expected contributions to the initiative. The discussions focused on aligning stakeholder roles, clarifying project objectives, and ensuring a coordinated approach to execution.

During the meeting, Prof. Benedikte Grenov, the Principal Investigator, delivered a comprehensive overview of the project. She emphasized the collaborative nature of the project and highlighted the importance of each stakeholder’s role in achieving the intended outcomes. Her presentation set the stage for subsequent contributions from each partner institution, outlining their respective roles and planned activities within the project.

Mr. Alex Kisembo from RECO Industries Limited shared their experience in soybean processing and outlined their planned contribution to the project’s product development streams. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Alex Kisembo from RECO Industries Limited shared their experience in soybean processing and outlined their planned contribution to the project’s product development streams.

Dr Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula, Prof. John Muyonga, and Dr Robert Mugabi from Makerere University Departments of Crop Science and Horticulture, and Food Technology and Nutrition respectively, briefed the team on their (Departments’) role in the soybean value chain, while Dr  Ephraim Nuwamanya from the Makerere University Centre for Soybean Improvement and Development (MAKCSID) shared insights into their ongoing research activities, particularly focused on developing climate-resilient soybean varieties and how these efforts align with the goals of the Healthy Soy Project.  The meeting also featured a presentation on the activities of the Child Health Development Centre (CHDC) and its role in the project. Based within the College of Health Sciences at Makerere University, the CHDC will support the training of a full-time PhD fellow who will coordinate and implement a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) involving 300 children affected by stunting.

The representative from RECO Industries Limited, Mr. Alex Kisembo shared their experience in soybean processing and outlined their planned contribution to the project’s product development streams. Additionally, the integration of the Healthy Soy initiative into the national nutrition programming was discussed, with an emphasis on aligning it with priority areas within the health sector. The roles of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) were also presented, particularly focusing on their support for soybean development through policy formulation, quality assurance, and regulatory processes, as well as their planned contributions to the project’s implementation.

Prof. John Muyonga delivering a presentation on the expected output of the Healthy Soy Food Science research. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. John Muyonga delivering a presentation on the expected output of the Healthy Soy Food Science research.

Prof. Charles Masembe briefed participants on the reporting and accountability procedures of the Makerere University Grants Administration and Management Support Unit (GAMSU).

The meeting was moderated by Prof. Phinehas Tukamuhabwa and Dr Jenipher Bisikwa from the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University.

Prof. Charles Masembe briefing the team about the Makerere University Grants Administration and Management Support Unit reporting and accountability processes. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Charles Masembe briefing the team about the Makerere University Grants Administration and Management Support Unit reporting and accountability processes.
Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula addressing the team on the operations of the Crop Science and Horticulture Department at Makerere University. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula addressing the team on the operations of the Crop Science and Horticulture Department at Makerere University.
Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A representative from the Uganda National Bureau of Standards presenting about the quality assurance processes.
The Assistant Commissioner in charge of Seed Inspection and Certification at MAAIF, Dr Mary Teddy Asio delivering a presentation on the operations of the Ministry. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Assistant Commissioner in charge of Seed Inspection and Certification at MAAIF, Dr Mary Teddy Asio delivering a presentation on the operations of the Ministry.
The PhD students supported by the Project, Mr Amos Asiimwe, Ms. Nashim Nassanga, and Ms. Prudence Ainomugisha with Prof. Benedikte Grenov and her colleague from the University of Copenhagen. Inception meeting for Healthy Soy Project Funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs through DANIDA, to develop sustainable, affordable, and nutritious soy-based food solutions to help combat stunting in Uganda and other climate-vulnerable regions, 15th August 2025, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The PhD students supported by the Project, Mr Amos Asiimwe, Ms. Nashim Nassanga, and Ms. Prudence Ainomugisha with Prof. Benedikte Grenov and her colleague from the University of Copenhagen.

Link to project inception meeting pictorial:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1oTo8rhX89Nt1uXy3W0vVRUWkz5vi8WGg?usp=sharing

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Hasifa Kabejja

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