Education
Researchers recommend Integration of the Batwa Indigenous Knowledge into Formal Education
Researchers from the College of Education and External Studies, Makerere University carried out a study titled “Educating for social justices among the Batwa indigenous communities: Building Inclusive Learning Environments (BILE) for marginalised societies in Uganda”. The aim of the research was to advance possibilities of developing inclusive formal education for indigenous Batwa communities in order to minimize marginalization and build Sustainable Learning Environments.
On Wednesday 20th April, 2022, the researchers held a workshop in the AVU Conference Room at the School of Education aimed at disseminating their findings to the public. The research was sponsored by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovation Fund (Mak-RIF)
In his presentation, the Principal Investigator of the BILE study Dr. Genza Gyaviira Musoke noted that the Batwa are the most marginalized group or tribe of people in Uganda. This, he said, can be attributed to the fact that they are routinely excluded from public life and denied their share of public resources. The Batwa are a people close to extinction, living on the peripherals of society numbering 6,200, which accounts for only 0.2% of the total population of Uganda.
“The bottom line of the study was looking at how we can create an inclusive and sustainable learning environment for the Batwa in line with SDG 4, so as to unlock their potential for economic development. Our study sought to find ways to achieve this without killing the Batwa indigenous culture” remarked Dr. Gyaviira.
The Government of Uganda has for some years tried to interest the Batwa in formal education and modern ways of living but with little success. Dr. Denis Sekiwu, a Senior Lecturer at Kabale University and researcher on the project said the researchers sought to find alternative ways of interesting the Batwa so as to make a difference in these results.
“Indigenous communities in Uganda, like elsewhere in the world, run a risk of getting extinct. These communities live in abject poverty with little or no education, which makes them vulnerable to external threats such as modernism. Building inclusive learning environments for these marginalized societies is necessary to enable indigenous communities help themselves out of these extreme disparate conditions.
“Our research sought to understand the magnitude of marginalization in terms of educational access for these communities. Although the Government introduced Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in 1997, and Universal Secondary Education (USE) in 2007, with the aim of providing equal access to formal education for all learners in Uganda, participants of the study identified multiple challenges that shut the door to formal education in the face of the Batwa children” noted Dr. Sekiwu.
He said that these range from social, economic and environmental challenges such as isolation and marginalization, defamation and being stereotyped at school, among others.
“The Bakiga children say that Batwa children are dirty, they wear cheap clothes that look like rags and make them shabby. This kills the morale of the Batwa children.” Dr. Sekiwu said, adding that “They (the Batwa children) often see school corrective measures as a deliberate punishment directed at them.”
Dr. Sekiwu concluded by noting that we the stakeholders must be agents of the change we want to see in the Batwa. “Change must begin with us.”
Dr. Nina Olivia Rugambwa, a lecturer in the School of Computing and Information Science at Kyambogo University and a co-investigator in the BILE project, presented the Indigenous Research Methodology that guided this study. She emphasized that the methodology used is unique to indigenous people’s research and it is informed by the principles of ontological relationality, epistemological reciprocity, and axiological reverence.
Dr. Rugambwa, who is also a specialist in indigenous knowledge systems and information seeking behavior, said that the study data was collected using talking circles and group conversations. “Participants were recruited into the study through relational sampling. The techniques were unique to Indigenous Research Methodology” she said. “The study complied with Indigenous Research ethical principles of respect for the study community, their animals, and the environment, reciprocity, objectivity in knowledge generation, and protection of the community from harm.”
Dr. Francis Akena Adyanga, a Senior Lecturer at Kabale University and researcher on the project said “Batwa children argue that they often feel isolated and marginalized while at school because the other children (who are non-Batwa) often call them undesirable names because of their being different.
“Poverty and starvation are major challenges to educating Batwa children. For example, some Batwa learners only come to school during time for porridge and eating lunch. When they finish eating meals, they disappear from school never to come back until the next day. Also, Batwa children have been forced to stay in villages to look for income to support their homes instead of embracing the ‘painful and fruitless’ formal education” he added.
Furthermore, Dr. Akena, in his presentation pointed out that there is phobia and stereotype ascribed to certain Batwa knowledge and practices. Some teachers have vehemently resisted integration of most Batwa cultural practices and livelihood into formal education.
He mentioned that one of the teachers he interviewed said “Well, I hear people talk of including Batwas’ knowledge and certain life skills such as making bows and arrows and fire making. I really do not agree with it because this can cause injuries when the Mutwa disagrees with another child and picks his bows/arrows to fight. Where do you get police or the army to stop them? These people are so uncivilized, with low mental capacity to reason things out like human beings. For me, I don’t want to be a peacekeeper in my classroom because I am here to teach and not to break up violent fights with weapons.”
Participants in the study called for the documentation of Rutwa native language into the mainstream education curriculum. A male elder asserted that “If our children are to study in those schools, our language should be written down and used in teaching. They [government] should train the teacher to teach it to our children and those of other communities. This will ensure that our children learn alongside other children”.
The study revealed a number of negative stereotypes that exist among leaders, especially the teachers who interract with Batwa learners. These stereotypes affect their ability to teach and as a result affect the success of the education of the learners.
Recommendations of the study
The study recommended that Batwa indigenous Knowledge be integrated into formal/modern education through the promotion of inter-cultural dialogue, introduction of inclusive education and accommodative pedagogies and thought imparting life-skills education among the Batwa children.
The study also recommended that stereotypes and cultural biases against the Batwa be denounced and instead, an accommodative pedagogical approach be adopted. Creating awareness about the importance of formal education among the Batwa parents, leadership and elders’ councils was also cited as way of addressing inclusivity of the Batwa children in the education system.
The BILE study also recommended that Batwa communities be sensitized about the importance of investing in modern agriculture as a source of livelihood and income generation. With good income, Batwa parents can ably support their children at school.
Ms. Hajara Nalubega, a Senior Culture Officer at the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development thanked the researchers for the good work and for taking particular interest in the plight of the Batwa people. She encouraged them to also document the positive aspects of the Batwa indigenous culture that should be adopted by our education system, so that this indigenous knowledge is not lost.
“As a ministry, we are currently working on a National Culture Policy and we would like to take into consideration some of the findings of this research to inform the policy. We have also developed a 5-year action plan for indigenous peoples of Uganda, which includes the Batwa.
Education
Makerere University signs Memorandum of Understanding with International Rescue Committee to Advance Research, Innovation and Partnerships
Makerere University has signed a five-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the International Rescue Committee to formalize undertakings in research, innovation & partnerships.
Signed in September 2025 by the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe and the Country Director, International Rescue Committee, Mr. Elijah Okeyo, the MoU provides a framework to implement research intensive programmes, promote innovative teaching and learning, internationalization, and contribute to societal transformation.
According to Mr. Okeyo, the MoU re-affirms Makerere University as the academic partner of the International Rescue Committee (IRC). “This MoU formalizes IRC’s working relationship with Makerere University. This framework empowers both institutions to tap into opportunities together. We believe in equal partnership. Makerere University commits to being our partner in research to contribute to evidence based humanitarian undertakings,” he said.
Under this collaboration, Makerere University and IRC will work on developing child-centered learning resources, innovative curricula, and policy-relevant research to enhance the quality of education in crisis-affected regions.
At Makerere University, the MoU brings on board, the College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University Institute of Teacher Education and Research (MITER), and the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Research Centre.
To concretize the MoU, the Principal of the College of Education and External Studies, Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga convened a partnership meeting on Friday 12th September 2025 involving a delegation from the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Dr. David Kabugo, the Deputy Director of Makerere University Institute of Teacher Education and Research (MITER), and Ms. Ritah Namisango, the Principal Communication Officer.
The delegation from the International Rescue Committee (IRC) consisted of the following: Mr. Elijah Okeyo-Country Director, Mr. Vincent Wanyama-Senior Program Development and Quality Coordinator, Mr. Richard Omasete-Policy and Advocacy PlayMatters, and Ms. Janet Nambuya-Grants and Partnerships Coordinator.
The MoU focuses on the following areas of interest: Early Childhood Development, joint research and capacity building in education, the plight of refugees and the host communities, humanitarian aid, as well as, evidence based research to inform the education policy.
In line with its mandate, IRC brings onboard, its unmatched expertise in helping children in crisis-affected areas. The MoU therefore positions both institutions to undertake a leading role in the protection of children and families through evidence based research, access to education, and humanitarian undertakings.
Dr. Kabugo, the Deputy Director MITER, noted that the MoU opens new opportunities for joint efforts in research, training, and policy. He said: “We are committed to co-designing practitioner research, engaging in professional development, and generating evidence to guide the education policy in Uganda and beyond.” Dr. Kabugo explained that this partnership builds on years of cooperation between CEES and IRC, especially in child-centered methods such as play-based learning.
Prof. Mugagga described the MOU as a practical framework that connects Makerere University’s research with IRC’s field experiences. He stated that the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) conducts programmes focused on the future of the young people through training and empowering students/teachers. He articulated that the College significantly impacts on the education sector through delivery of quality academic programmes and research under the School of Education, School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, and the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development.
“Our strongest synergy is education and early child-focused care,” Prof. Mugagga emphasized. He revealed that the collaboration presents CEES with a strong and reliable partner (IRC), which stands for protection and the well-being of children and families. “Through this MoU, both CEES and IRC, will significantly contribute to improving education for children, families, and communities impacted by conflict and crisis.”
Prof. Mugagga commended IRC for the earlier support and expertise extended to the College in the development of the early childhood centre, and working together to provide valuable input during the Ministry of Education and Sports’ consultative process that led to the Early Childhood development policy.
Reflecting on the increasing number of refugees enrolling for studies at Makerere University, Prof. Mugagga said: “ IRC has come at the right time. The College will tap into the IRC expertise to teach our staff and learners components in refugee education. They will equip our students and teachers with knowledge and skills in refugee education. Some of our students will cooperate with IRC to undertake research in refugee settlement and host communities.”
Prof. Mugagga implored both MITER and IRC to undertake research and develop modules on refugee education, parenting, re-tooling street children, integration of a health component into the curriculum, and management of truamatised students/learners who come from areas affected by war, conflict and crisis.
On the issue of play materials, Prof. Mugagga stressed that already made play materials derial creativing. “Both CEES and IRC should work towards a context that empowers children and learners to ignite their creative potential by developing home-made play materials,” he submitted.
About IRC
Stating a brief profile history about IRC, Mr. Okeyo explained that IRC is a global non-profit organisation that provides humanitarian aid and assistance to people affected by conflict and disaster. IRC has been active in Uganda since 1998, originally assisting displaced populations in Northern Uganda and later expanding its efforts to refugee settlements and urban areas.. Currently, IRC operates more than 35 health facilities in refugee settlements and runs a variety of programs in health, education, protection, and economic recovery. IRC also undertakes projects focusing on early childhood development, prevention of gender-based violence, and protection of refugees and families.
Education
CEES Orientation 2025: Students tipped on academic excellence, setting goals and development of work plans
On 6th August 2025, the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) held a lively orientation ceremony to equip new students with the requisite knowledge required to gain a deeper understanding of the College structures, academic programmes, services, and, its contribution to the University’s core functions of teaching and learning, research and innovations, knowledge transfer partnerships, and community engagement.
The College consists of three (3) schools namely, the School of Education, the School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, and the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development. The College wide orientation brought onboard first year students from the respective Schools who filled Makerere University Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility Auditorium and its gallery to the brim.
Organised by the College Administration, the 91st College Guild Council (CGC), and student leaders at the College, the Orientation featured presentations from the Office of the Principal, Dean of the School of Education, Dean of the School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, College Registrar, College Bursar, College Librarian, College Communication Office, College Chief Custodian, Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre, and Directorate for ICT Support (DICTS). The students also listened to highlights from student leaders, presentations on Safeguarding, the Emerging Leaders Program, and participated in an interactive question and answer session.
The College Principal, Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga represented by the Deputy Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso, congratulated the new students upon joining Makerere University, a renowned hub for academic excellence, research and innovations.
Citing the ongoing implementation of the competence based education in Uganda and beyond, the College Principal challenged the new students to study the trends in order to tap into the opportunities and networks. He advised the students to re-position themselves as a new breed of teachers, professionals and change agents focused on societal transformation by positively impacting learners.
“You have joined the College, at a time, when the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Education and Sports, the National Curriculum Development Centre, Makerere University, and other reputable partners, are implementing Competence Based Education (CBE) at the Secondary levels, national teacher training institutions, and at the university level. You should position yourself to play a central role in the delivery of competence based education at the different levels of the education system,” he stated.
The Principal urged the new students to concentrate on academics, build positive networks, form discipline specific discussion groups, actively participate in College and University-wide activities.
Speaking in his capacity as the Deputy Principal, Prof. Bisaso outlined three (3) pillars that would enable the first year students to excel in academics. “If you wish to earn your degree and graduate with excellent grades, prioritize classroom learning, independent research and practical internships. This should be coupled with maximum engagement in learning, regular attendance and meeting of set deadlines,” said Prof. Bisaso.
Convinced that quality education begins with quality educators, the Deputy Principal guided students to invest time and resources to become quality teachers. He counselled them to embrace digitalization and e-learning, seek mentorship from those who have excelled in life, acquire professional skills, and adopt acceptable societal values and standards.
Prof. Bisaso encouraged the new students to take on leadership positions within the College and at the University level. “I recognize the College Guild Council, Makerere University Education Students Association (MESA) and other structures within the College that present our students with leadership opportunities. I charge you to take on leadership positions such as Class Representative, Discipline specific association leadership slots, among others. You should be a holistic student gifted in academics, leadership and other aspects of life at campus,” he remarked.
In the same vein, he recognized the Chairperson of the 91st College Guild Council (CGC), Hon. Samuel Asingya and his team, student associations such as MESA, for working in partnership with the College administration to host a successful orientation ceremony.
Delivering his remarks, the Dean-School of Education, Associate Prof. Mathias Mulumba Bwanika notified the first year students that Uganda needs educators who will inspire the future workforce.
Emphasizing the importance of attaining a good class of degree, Associate Prof. Mulumba Bwanika said: “Admission into the University is only the start – the real challenge is graduating with a degree that reflects your true potential.”
To achieve the desired outcome, Associate Prof. Mulumba Bwanika advised the students as follows: “You should have a work plan. Plan your day, week and semester. Attend all your lectures, read ahead of your lecturer, undertake research on different topics, form discussion groups, be punctual and disciplined.” He encouraged the first year students to consult and engage the Heads of Department, Subject and Program Coordinators, the College Administration and student leaders.
Tasking the students to consider joining the academia (teaching staff), research and the administrative arms of the University in future, he reminded the audience that he too was once a student. He testified that he was one of those students who focused on academics, and over the years, he is reaping the fruits of hard-work, discipline, and resilience.
He re-affirmed Makerere University’s zero-tolerance for sexual harassment, when he said: “No student should feel pressured to compromise their values. I request you to read the Policy and Regulations against sexual harassment, and the Makerere University Safeguarding Policy.”
Highlighting Makerere University’s strong academic support systems, the Dean, School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, urged the students to effectively utilize the teaching and learning facilities in their academic pursuits. She reported that the School houses the Department of Open, Distance and e-Learning, which is championing e-learning and digital pedagogies.
The Dean mentioned that the School prioritizes student affairs through an open communication approach, involvement and engagement. She called upon students to have a positive attitude towards voluntary work, and cited Mr. Oscar Kizito, who accepted to volunteer at a very short notice, to provide sign language interpretation services at the orientation. She noted that this gesture alone had made him known to a wider audience, who wouldn’t hesitate to recommend his sign language interpretation services, when the opportunity arose. Dr. Nabushawo therefore called upon students to seize every opportunity and get the best out of it.
Representing Mr. Henry Nsubuga, the Deputy Chief of Counselling and Guidance Services, Ms. Rosemary Nalwanga, a Senior Counsellor, implored the students to have a sense of purpose. “Life is more than a degree. You need to learn other skills outside your degree. Be cooperative,” she guided.
On the issue of building positive relationships, Ms. Nalwanga advised students to acquire good friends. “Positive friends impact your future,” she stated.
Ms. Nalwanga explained that the Counselling and Guidance Centre exists to ensure that the emotional wellbeing of students is catered for. “I advise you not to take drugs. If you have any fears that you have failed to control, please come to Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre.”
Delivering her remarks, the College Registrar, Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana introduced the School Registrars present namely Ms. Molly Nantongo and Ms. Sandra Ampiire. The College Registrar tipped the first year students on academic policies, registration procedures, change of course guidelines, among other key aspects. She underscored the importance of timely registration. “Without registration, you are not an eligible student. You need to fulfill the registration procedures in order to access university services and facilities. Based on her experience, Mrs. Kayaga Kiwana reminded the students that their academic journey involves planning, discipline, listening to words of wisdom, holding on to your faith and being prayerful.
Ms. Ritah Namisango, the Principal Communication Officer, implored the students to participate in college events/functions, be goodwill ambassadors of the College, navigate the College website (https://cees.mak.ac.ug), and follow the College Social media pages, to be specific on X (formerly Twitter) on @MakCEES.
The College Bursar, Mr. Stephen Kayima, represented by Mr. Godfrey Wasikye sensitized students on the financial policies and payment guidelines. He appealed to students to adhere to the Fees Policy and the stipulated timelines. He stressed the need to document and keep a record of financial transactions during one’s academic journey, and urged the students to always consult the office of the College Bursar regarding financial obligations to the University.
On behalf of DICTS, Mr. Yunusu Musisi briefed the first year students on the different online academic and support systems. He appealed to the students to embrace digitization in order to utilise the systems. Mr. Musisi informed the students that the online systems are accessible and convenient. He requested them to always follow the social media platforms run by DICTS for instant messages including videos guiding students on how to use the particular systems such as the Makerere University e-Learning Environment (MUELE).
“MUELE helps students to access course materials, participate in online discussions and submit academic assignments virtually. The Makerere University students’ portal provides a platform for students to register, enroll for the semester, and keeps track of the students’ academic progress,” he reported.
On safety and well-being while on campus, Dr. Michael Walimbwa, a Senior Lecturer at CEES, and a Safeguarding Champion, described safeguarding as a means of protecting yourself and others from harm, exploitation and abuse. Safeguarding, he noted, stands for being safe, informed and empowered. Dr. Walimbwa tasked the students to read the Makerere University Safeguarding Policy, and to always report safeguarding concerns to the respective offices and safeguarding champions.
In her remarks, the College Librarian, Ms. Grace Akello presented the wide range of library services at the College. Regarding library users with special needs, Ms. Akello stated that the library team ensures that a member of staff is designated to provide sign language interpretation services.
The Chief Custodian, Ms. Agnes Nambuya emphasized handling University property entrusted to students during their studies with care. She requested the students to notify the Office of the Principal as well as the Chief Custodian, on matters pertaining to facilities and university property.
Presenting the Emerging Leaders Program (ELP) framework and its benefits, Ms. Laeticia Asasira and Hon. Miracle Nassazi sensitized students on character, leadership, values and embracing a purpose-driven lifestyle. They rallied students to participate in the short trainings and activities organized by the ELP in order to be grounded in leadership, ethics, character building and formation.
The following university staff participated in the orientation ceremony: Prof. Ronald Bisaso-Deputy Principal, Associate Prof. Mathias Mulumba Bwanika-Dean of the School of Education, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo-Dean, School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana-College Registrar, School Registrars (Ms. Molly Nantongo and Ms. Sandra Ampiire), Dr. Michael Walimbwa-Senior Lecturer, Mr. Vincent Muwonge-Coordinator BECE, Ms. Ritah Namisango-Principal Communication Officer, Mr. Emmanuel Lubega-Office of the Principal, Ms. Rosemary Nalwanga-Senior Counsellor, Mr. Godfrey Wasikye-Office of the College Bursar, Mr. Yunusu Musisi-DICTS, Ms. Agnes Nambuya-Chief Custodian, Ms. Grace Akello-College Librarian, and Mr. Moses Kibirango-Web Administrator.
The proceedings of the CEES Orientation were moderated by Ms. Ritah Namisango-Principal Communication Officer, assisted by student leaders namely Hon. David Ocola and Hon. Kenneth Mbabali.
Education
Distance and Lifelong Learning Orientation: First year students tipped on academic success, safety and responsibility
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