Women are powerful agents of change, and the far-reaching benefits of diversity and gender parity in leadership and decision-making are increasingly recognized in all spheres. Still, women continue to be vastly under-represented in decision-making in politics, businesses, and communities.
It is to this end that women researchers have set out to investigate what is hindering leadership of women and how best to address these challenges.
Prof. Doyin Coker-Kola, a researcher from Indiana University Southeast, who is also a visiting fellow at Makerere University, set out to explain the barriers to and attempt to change women’s mindset. In her discussion titled “What is wrong with being confident? Changing women’s mindset about leadership” Prof. Doyin notes that about 68% of the teaching force is female yet only about 35% are in leadership.
Prof. Doyin notes that confidence is an important factor of leadership because it helps in developing one’s image and getting them noticed and develop one’s potential. She identified some barriers to leadership which included cultural and institutional barriers. Some cultural barriers include socialization or perception of traditional gender roles. Men are traditionally perceived as leaders while the women are perceived to be followers. This has hindered many women in pursuing leadership roles. She said women are constrained by the double-blind phenomenon. This, she explained, allows for a different set of rules for women and men in leadership. “Women are judged as either too soft or too hard while competent women are not rewarded as well as men.”
Patriarchal structures continue to constrain women because society has given the leadership role to men and not women. Prof. Doyin noted that many women internalize cultural perceptions that see them as weak and they grow to believe that they are weak.
Women are also hindered by institutional barriers which include limited resources to reward women, lack of role models, unconscious biases within the organization and well as limited leadership opportunities. Women are also affected by personal barriers which include, not feeling good about self, failing to balance life and work, staying within our comfort zones and not taking on a challenge. All or nothing thinking affects leadership of women. Many want to be perfect before they embark on leadership.
Prof. Doyin also shared some strategies to overcome the barriers, which include having a growth mindset rather than a fixed mindset. She argued that people with a growth mindset see their abilities as flexible entities that can be developed through dedication while people with a fixed mindsets believe that their strength are predetermined. “Individuals with a growth mindset tend to outperform those with a fixed mindset and are also far less likely to get frustrated when things become challenging,” Prof. Doyin emphasized. She concluded with a motivating statement by Jessie J who said “Not feeling good enough is the biggest barrier to us following our dreams, making changes in our lives and contributing our ideas to the world. Get and handle on your inner bully and start building self-confidence.”
During his opening remarks Dr. Godfrey Mayende, who represented the Principal of CEES, encouraged women to join leadership positions, saying they are more committed and less corruptible. He too noted the cultural barriers but encouraged women to overcome these barriers.
Another researcher, Prof. Faye Camahalan, the Dean, School of Education at Indiana University Southeast, shared some critical skills and competences women need to become effective leaders. Some of these skills include; effective communication, strategic thinking, creativity and innovation, emotional intelligence, critical thinking and problem solving as well as confidence. Other researchers such as Dr. Euzobia Mugisha Baine, the Director of Gender Mainstreaming at Makerere University, discussed Changing Mindsets: Gender diversity in school leadership, while Ms. Immy Lwanga shared her leadership journey from teacher to Head Teacher.
On Saturday 11th January, 2025, a huge delegation from the College of Education and External Studies crossed the Equator to attend Dr Joseph Kimoga’s priestly silver jubilee celebrations at his parents’ home in Baja, Bukulula Parish, Masaka Diocese.
Dr Kimoga is an Associate Professor at the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, College of Education and External Studies, Makerere University.
The delegation included the College Principal, Professor Anthony M. Mugagga, the College Bursar, Mr Stephen Kayima, the School Dean, Dr. Jude Ssempebwa, Prof. F. E. K. Bakkabulindi, Dr Sr Justine Namaganda, Dr Peter M. Ssenkusu, other staff of the College, and dozens of present and past students of the College. These joined thousands of Dr Kimoga’s relatives, friends, colleagues and well-wishers in a colorful service of mass, which was followed by a sumptuous luncheon, live music, dance, presentation of gifts, and merrymaking.
The service, which was led by Dr Kimoga, was graced by the Chairperson of the Uganda Episcopal Conference, Rt. Rev. Joseph Anthony Zziwa, Bishop of Kiyinda-Mityana Diocese; the Kalungu East Member of Parliament, Honorable Francis Katongole Katabazi; hundreds of priests, including the Parish Priest of Bukulula Parish; and hundreds of religious sisters and brothers.
In his homily, Fr Godfrey Mukibi humorously chronicled Dr Kimoga’s educational and priestly journey and achievements, highlighting God’s exceptional blessings upon him. Fr Mukibi emphasized that Dr Kimoga’s stellar success as a seminarian and as a priest even if he was not accepted at the first minor seminary to which he applied bears proof that God does not necessarily choose those that people see as able.
“God enables those He chooses,” he said before going on to analogize Dr. Kimoga’s unlikely priestly selection with that of Moses, Joshua, Paul and other biblical characters.
Fr Mukibi commended Dr Kimoga for being meticulous and personable and congratulated him upon reaching his priestly silver jubilee. He also thanked Dr Kimoga’s parents for grooming him in civility, orderliness and a very strong work ethic.
In his address, Bishop Zziwa delivered Pope Francis’ congratulatory message to Dr. Kimoga. The message was signed for the Holy Father by Archbishop Luigi Bianco, the Apostolic Nuncio to Uganda.
After the service, Prof. Mugagga congratulated Dr Kimoga upon reaching his priestly silver jubilee. He thanked him specially for showing an example of the ideal Roman Catholic priest in the course of his work at Makerere University and wished him good luck in the years that will lead to his priestly golden jubilee. Prof. Mugagga requested the Uganda Episcopal Conference to deploy more clergy in the various higher education institutions in the country. He explained that young adults in the institutions critically need the counsel and example of the clergy but there aren’t enough clergy men and women in the institutions.
The College of Education and External Studies (CEES) has made a remarkable contribution to Makerere University‘s 75th Graduation Ceremony by presenting 1,192 graduands. Of these, 659 are female and 533 are male. The college also set a milestone with 28 PhD graduands—the highest in recent years—including 15 females and 13 males. Additionally, CEES graduated 63 master’s students, 148 postgraduate diploma holders, and 953 undergraduates.
In his address, the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, commended CEES for its strategic initiatives aimed at addressing Uganda’s socio-economic challenges. He highlighted the “Student Training Entrepreneurial Promotion” (STEP) project under the Mak-RIF initiative, which equips teachers, students, and school dropouts with entrepreneurial skills to combat unemployment. This aligns with the College’s focus on enhancing Uganda’s educational landscape through programs such as Early Childhood Learning offered at various academic levels.
The Vice Chancellor praised Makerere‘s commitment to community engagement and innovation. He underscored the importance of CEES’s research on competence-based secondary school curricula as a step towards bridging gaps in foundational education. He also encouraged graduands to leverage their education for societal transformation, emphasizing entrepreneurial solutions to community challenges.
Staff awards
The Vice Chancellor, used the same occasion to recognize Dr. Reymick Oketch and Dr. Sekatawa Kenneth, who were awarded for their excellence as early and mid-career researchers, respectively. Dr. Sr. Namaganda Justine and Prof. Bakkabulindi Fredrick received awards after they were voted best lecturers by the student community, reflecting the college’s dedication to academic excellence.
First Lady’s Message
The Guest of Honour, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni, represented by the State Minister for Primary Education, Hon. Joyce Kaducu, congratulated the graduands and acknowledged the parents for their sacrifices. She urged the students to be proactive contributors to Uganda’s development. “Go into the world and light a candle. Start humbly, face the future with courage, and create jobs rather than dispersing them,” she said.
Achievements Â
During the week-long graduation ceremony, 13,658 graduands will receive their awards, including 143 PhDs, 1,813 master’s degrees, 11,454 bachelor’s degrees, and 243 postgraduate diplomas. Of these, 53% are female, and 44% of the PhD recipients are women. The Vice Chancellor noted these statistics as evidence of Makerere‘s progress toward gender equity and research-led growth.
Prof. Nawangwe lauded the Government of Uganda’s support through initiatives like the Makerere UniversityResearch and Innovation Fund (Mak-RIF), which has enabled cutting-edge research. He also celebrated CEES’s role in fostering partnerships and innovations that address Uganda’s most pressing challenges, such as unemployment and quality education.
Future Direction
The Chancellor, Hon. Dr. Kiyonga, outlined Makerere’s vision for expanding its community outreach and commercialization of research innovations. He proposed strengthening partnerships with private-sector investors to turn academic ideas into viable businesses. Dr. Kiyonga also encouraged the graduands to apply their skills to create opportunities in agriculture, education, and other sectors.
As Makerere celebrates its legacy as a beacon of higher education, CEES exemplifies the transformative impact of education in building active and responsible citizens. The achievements celebrated today reflect the university’s dedication to empowering individuals and fostering national development.
On January 10, a team of researchers from Makerere University‘s College of Education and External Studies (CEES), in collaboration with international partners, held a dissemination seminar at Nican Resort Hotel in Kampala. The event marked the culmination of their study on “Enacted Citizenship in Times of Uncertainty,” which focused on teachers’ lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda and Tanzania.
The study, led by Prof. Tiina Kontinen of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, included contributions from Dr. Karembe Ahimbisibwe, Dr. Kellen Aganyira (Makerere University) and Dr. Judith Kahamba (SUA, Tanzania). The research was supported by the University of Jyväskylä’s Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, where Dr. Karembe and Dr. Kahamba are postdoc fellows.
The research aimed to explore how state-citizen relations were re-articulated during the pandemic, focusing on the experiences of teachers in Kampala, Uganda, and workers in the tourism sector in Arusha, Tanzania. The study delved into how states justified their COVID-19 responses, how citizens coped with the pandemic, and the implications of these experiences on notions of citizenship.
Key Findings
The research identified significant impacts on teachers’ professional and personal lives, revealing challenges and adaptive strategies during the pandemic:
Status of Teachers:
Teachers were classified as “non-essential” workers, leading to job insecurity and lack of income during school closures.
They experienced a sense of vulnerability, with mixed outcomes regarding relief support.
Survival Strategies:
Many teachers diversified income sources, engaging in casual labor, retail businesses, or unauthorized coaching.
Teachers relied on social networks and reduced household expenditures to adapt to the “new normal.”
Emotional and Professional Impact:
The pandemic led to frustration and disillusionment among teachers, with some considering or transitioning to alternative professions.
The disruption weakened the bond between teachers and learners, as economic pressures diverted focus from teaching.
Perception of the State:
Teachers viewed the state’s pandemic measures as both caring and authoritarian. Relief efforts were perceived as inconsistent, with accusations of corruption and favoritism in their distribution.
The study highlighted the hybrid nature of state-citizen relations, oscillating between caring and oppressive tendencies.
Dr. Herbert Tumwebaze, representing the Head of the Department of Adult and Community Education, congratulated the research team on their efforts and acknowledged the participating schools and teachers. He emphasized the importance of such studies in understanding the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic on education.
Prof. Tiina Kontinen, the principal investigator, outlined the research’s next steps, which include analysis and publication. The seminar provided an avenue for stakeholders to reflect on the findings and discuss implications for policy and practice.
This study underscores the complex interplay between state policies and citizen resilience during crises. It sheds light on the unique challenges faced by teachers and highlights the need for more robust support systems for educators in times of uncertainty.