Dr. Busingye Kabumba delivers the Keynote Address at the 3rd Benedicto Kiwanuka Memorial Lecture on 21st September 2020, The High Court, Kampala. Photo Credit: Twitter/@JudiciaryUG
My Lord The Hon. Alfonse Chigamoy Owiny-Dollo, The Chief Justice of the Republic of Uganda, The Hon. Bart Magunda Katureebe, The Chief Justice of the Republic of Uganda, The Hon. The Deputy Chief Justice, The Honorable Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, The Hon. The Principal Judge, My Lords the Justices and Judges, The Chief Registrar, The Family of the Late Benedicto Kiwanuka, Heads of JLOS Institutions, Permanent Secretaries, Your Worships, The President of the Uganda Judicial Officers Association, The President of the Uganda Law Society, Invited Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen.
1.0 Introduction
I thank the Chief Justice Alfonse Chigamoy Owiny-Dollo for inviting me to give this lecture in memory of the first Ugandan Chief Justice of our country, the late Benedicto Kagimu Mugumba Kiwanuka.
I am deeply honoured to have been so invited. In the first place because of the immense stature of the man to whom this day is dedicated. Secondly, given the illustrious nature of the previous two key note speakers (Chief Justice Samuel William Wako Wambuzi – threetime Chief Justice of Uganda and Chief Justice Willy Mutunga, the first Chief Justice of Kenya under the 2010 Constitution of that country).
I am keenly aware of the trust exemplified by this invitation, and do hope to try to live up to it. In the same vein, I would like to take a brief moment to acknowledge two people who have been critical in shaping my life and thoughts over the years, and without whose patient guidance the trust placed upon me today would have definitely been misplaced. First, my late father, Professor Ijuka Kabumba. Secondly, Professor Joe Oloka Onyango. Anything of any importance that I might say today I owe to their support and guidance. Any errors I might make, on the other hand, are entirely my own fault.
2.0 Crisis: Ancient and Modern
We meet today in the throes of a national, regional and global crisis. Covid-19 has fundamentally challenged life as we know it, upending and disrupting all aspects of our life – economic, social and political. Indeed, even today’s event is held under ‘scientific conditions’ with most attending electronically – over Facebook livestream – rather than in person.
In these circumstances, it is little wonder that the organizers of this third memorial lecture thought it best to hold it under the theme: ‘Promoting the Rule of Law in the New Normal’. It is an appropriate response to the rapidly changing world that confronts us.
At the same time, this morning, I would like to suggest a different way of thinking about, and approaching, the challenging times in which we find ourselves. That the best way of dealing with change – even rapid change – is to recognize those things which are constant.
I think, in this regard, of the words of King Solomon in Ecclesiastes 1:9 (New International Version):
What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun.
Thus, while the current times might appear to be without precedent, in the long life of the universe, what we are experiencing – as frightening as it seems – is nothing new.
At the same time, its lack of novelty in the larger scheme of things does not take away its novelty as an experience for us – we who are present in this moment. My suggestion this morning is that, in realizing both the novelty and banality of the present crisis – we appreciate it as an opportunity to courageously rethink a number of the notions to which we cling so tightly for comfort.
Who would have thought that most international borders could be closed, and for so long a time? Or that schools would be closed, and work places shut down – with the world seemingly coming to a slow halt? In this moment in which that which we never thought possible – that which was even unthinkable – could come to pass, is an incredible moment to re-examine other facets of life of our economic, social, political and, indeed, legal life.
This morning, it is with the last of these – our legal life – that I would like to briefly reflect upon as we remember the life and service of Chief Justice Benedicto Kiwanuka. As we remember his ultimate sacrifice for the cause and ideal of the rule of law, I invite us to reflect today as to what this might mean in ‘the new normal’.
Before Covid-19, we were a nation in crisis. After Covid-19, we shall remain a nation in crisis. Part of this crisis is one of identity. And this identity crisis then manifests in various aspects of our political, social, economic – and legal – life. This crisis can be captured by asking a few simple questions:
What is Uganda?
What does it mean to be Ugandan?
Only by seriously asking these two simple questions, and earnestly seeking to answer them, can we then accurately answer a third: ‘What law(s) should rule in Uganda?’ Put differently, this third question would be: ‘Why does the law not rule in Uganda?’
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The Management of Makerere University School of Law (SoL) has noted with concern a communication circulating regarding a purported Bachelor of Laws (LLB) programme pre-entry examination coaching and training scheduled to commence on 5th January 2026 at SoL Main Building.
No such training has been approved, sanctioned, or authorized by the School of Law. The SoL does not and will never conduct such trainings. The individuals behind the advert are fraudsters. You contact them at your own risk.
Kampala, Nov. 20, 2025 – Justice Egonda urged Makerere University scholars to spearhead a thorough review of Uganda’s 1995 Constitution and to design a national scoreboard to evaluate constitutional office holders. He said academia—particularly the School of Law—should draft a model constitution to guide national discussions on governance and judicial independence.
Court of Appeal Judge, His Lordship Martin Stephen Egonda made the call delivering a keynote address at a conference to commemorate the World Philosophy Day at Makerere University on 19-20 November 2025.
Justice Egonda warned that Uganda’s constitutional order is deteriorating requiring urgent reforms, urging academia to take lead. He called for two major initiatives: a comprehensive review of the 1995 Constitution and the creation of a national performance scoreboard to evaluate the performance of constitutional officeholders. Egonda argued that universities have the expertise to guide constitutional reform, design a model constitution, and generate independent performance data to strengthen accountability.
His Lordship Martin Stephen Egonda makes his remarks during the World Philosophy Day Celebrations at Makerere University.
He also called for clear, measurable indicators to assess judges’ and public officials’ performance, noting that current Judiciary reports lack qualitative depth. He advised that Universities can provide independent data and constitution-based metrics. He stressed that such a scoreboard would create awareness about compliance with constitutional obligations, fight abuse of public trust and defend the Constitution by promoting obedience to constitutional mandates. “To sum it up, it would be an act of exacting accountability from holders of constitutional and public offices,” he said.
Justice Egonda cited serious constitutional failures—especially within the Judiciary—highlighting extreme delays in criminal appeals where some inmates completed long sentences before their appeals were heard. He highlighted the systemic dysfunction in case management, unreliable digital judicial systems, leadership vacuums in the Judiciary.
Justice Egonda highlighted a recent judicial review in Kabale, where the Deputy Chief Justice held an open session with stakeholders. A representative from Ndorwa Main Prison reported that 20 inmates had waited months for High Court judgments, with no mechanism to address the delay. Initial checks of the judiciary’s computerized management system showed no pending judgments. However, after updating records following the prison’s submission, officials confirmed the existence of stalled criminal cases and pending judgments, particularly due to transfers of trial judges.
Hon. Miria Matembe addressing the participants.
Panelists responded with broader reflections. Dr. Miria Matembe warned that Uganda now has a “constitution without constitutionalism,” arguing that power has been captured and constitutional safeguards eroded, including Parliament’s independence. She urged citizens to reclaim constitutional power, confront corruption, and defend truth even at personal cost.
Professor Chris Mbazira praised Egonda’s condor but emphasized that constitutional reforms alone are inadequate without accompanying political transformation. He said Uganda’s hybrid regime—where informal power overrides formal institutions—must be dismantled for true constitutionalism to take root.
Hon. Loice Biira Bwambale (Right) with other panelists as Prof. Robert Wamala (Left) makes his remarks.
Former Constituent Assembly delegate Hon. Loice Bwambale urged Ugandans, especially youth, to take responsibility for preserving constitutional gains and addressing unresolved issues such as regional representation and land questions. She called for election of principled leaders, civic engagement, and careful review of entrenched constitutional provisions tied to public participation.
Overall, the plenary discussions underscored that restoring constitutionalism in Uganda requires institutional accountability, political reform, citizen activism, and renewed respect for constitutional principles. Specific issues raised during discussion included:
Accountability necessary for elective positions and offices
Introduction of term limits for all elective positions
Ugandans have been conditioned to accept a mediocre leadership model
The elites including researchers and academia advised to inspire the general population to get involved in constitutionalism
Sensitization and civic education for members requiring more information. It was noted some
members have given up hope for any change
A National dialogue for all Ugandans. The recommendations be cascaded to the population
and for appreciation by the population who think constitutionalism doesn’t concern them
Reflect the disintegration of our neighbours like Sudan for lessons to Ugandans
Commitment by the leaders to hand over power peacefully
Each of us ask what role everyone can play
Dr. James Nkuubi one of the panelists.
The 2025 World Philosophy Day conference at Makerere University concluded with strong calls for renewed constitutional reflection, ethical leadership, and civic responsibility as Uganda marks 30 years of the 1995 Constitution.
Delivering closing remarks, UNATCOM’ Dr. Pauline Achola, emphasized philosophy’s role in promoting peace, ethical reasoning, and sustainable development. She urged continued examination of the constitution’s gains and gaps and reaffirmed UNESCO’s commitment to supporting commemoration of the World Philosophy Day dialogue in Uganda.
Dr. Pauline Achola, UNATCOM, delivering her speech.
In his speech, Bernard Nkone of Konrad Adenauer Stiftung highlighted major achievements under the 1995 Constitution—human rights, separation of powers, gender equality, and civic participation—while warning that challenges such as corruption, political polarization, and limited access to justice persist. He stressed empowering youth to protect democratic values.
Prof. Robert Wamala – Director Research and Innovations, represented Prof. Sarah Ssali -Deputy Vice Chancellor/Academic Affairs Makerere University. Reading her speech, he underscored philosophy’s importance in fostering ethical leadership and active citizenship. He urged participants to translate conference discussions into policy influence and civic engagement.
Prof. Robert Wamala with Hon. Ken Lukyamuzi and Hon. Loice Biira Bwambale (To his Left), officials and awardees of certificates.
The conference ended with recognition of student representatives from the Makerere University Philosophers’ Society, emphasizing youth contribution in national dialogue.
Zaam Ssaliand Jane Anyango are Communication Officers for School of Law & CHUSS respectively.
Makerere University School of Law (SoL) held its orientation meeting for the Master of Laws (LLM) 1st year students on the 13th August 2025 in the SoL Auditorium. SoL leadership, Department of Academic Registrar (AR) and Makerere University Directorate of Graduate Training facilitated the meeting.
In his address to the students, Dr. Busingye Kabumba – Head, Human Rights and Peace Centre and SoL Graduate Studies Coordinator welcomed the LLM students to Makerere University and SoL. “I wish to remind you that one plus one equals two, the students must do their bit and we as staff pledge to do our bit. I encourage you to attend classes, handle all assignments on time, and it is my hope that you comply with the University policies”, Dr Busingye Kabumba advised.
He implored the students to hit the ground running and be committed to their studies. “SoL has organised that proposal defence is in year one – semester two so that students have working drafts by year two, this will allow you to finish the programme on time”, he said. Dr. Busingye Kabumba referenced a precedent where a student completed his LLM within one and half years at SoL, which showed that completion in less than two years is possible with commitment.
Dr. Zahara Nampewo.
“It is my honour and pleasure to welcome you through the gates of Makerere; I also congratulate you on your admission to LLM, we had so many applicants but we only admitted 124. You don’t choose Makerere but she chooses you. You are lucky to be taught by the legal brains at SoL, all recognized academics in their areas of specialty”, Dr. Zahara Nampewo – Deputy Dean, SoL said in her welcome remarks.
Dr. Nampewo advised the students thus, “This is a 2-year (4 semester) study programme, consider this to be day one of your new story book, you have been admitted in 2025 and it is our hope that you will be graduating in January 2028”.
She further added, “You have your reasons as to why you are enrolling for the LLM and which you wish to fulfill, I therefore take this opportunity to underscore the importance of hard work, determination and resilience. Take the LLM as a full-time engagement, allow us to teach you and help us to help you”.
Part of the audience that attended the orientation.
Dr. Nampewo encouraged the students to partake in the various opportunities at SoL besides academics, specifically highlighting the summer schools that students have attended in Europe with support from partners. She also told the students to note that Makerere is a sexual harassment free institution; exclusivity, equal opportunity, gender balance are core values of the University.
Highlighting that SoL has an open-door policy, students were advised to talk to their lecturers for support when challenges arise. “Nothing is insurmountable, every journey starts with a small step”, Dr. Nampewo said.
In his remarks, the Dean-SoL, Assoc. Professor Ronald Naluwairo welcomed the LLM students to Makerere University and congratulated them on the admission to our distinguished LLM programme. He said, “LLM is quiet demanding but doable, a level of commitment and resilience is required. I urge you to attend all your classes”.
Assoc. Professor Naluwairo told the students, regardless of whichever law school you attended for your Bachelor of Laws (LLB), you are now at a Centre of Legal Excellence, work and support one another. “On behalf of SoL, we commit total support to ensure that you succeed in your studies, I also urge you to take responsibility, read and be willing to work”, the Dean advised.
Associate Professor Ronald Naluwairo.
Dr. Mike Barongo, Deputy Registrar in Charge of ICT Division, represented the Academic Registrar’ Department; welcoming the students, he said “this is a great place to be, a premier law school”. He explained to the students what the role of the AR’ Department entails, including application, admission, registration, custody of student records and graduation.
Dr. Barongo highlighted key tasks for new students: activation of students portal, enrolling for recognition as a student, generating payment reference numbers. He advised that where challenges are experienced, the School Registrars are available for support as well as a Support Centre at the College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS) by Makerere University Directorate of ICT.
“Keep your eyes on the goal of why you are here, leave with a master’s degree”, Mr. Laban Lwasa, SoL Registrar told the students. He congratulated them on their excellent performance which earned them a place on the LLM programme. Elucidating the role of the registrar, he said, “We receive you, track your performance, walk with you till graduation and issue your transcript after graduation”. He explained that until they enroll, they aren’t students and they should do so as soon as possible. Mr. Lwasa also clarified the documents required for registration including full admission letter, payment receipts, LLB transcript and certificate, birth certificate and valid ID.
Dr. Dan Ngabirano and Dr. Diana Ahumuza Ateenyi, both faculty at SoL also spoke to the LLM students. They reiterated the message of hard work, commitment, support of others and resilience. They also encouraged the students to understand the elective course-units available to them and the faculty specialisations which will inform their choice of dissertation supervisors.
Associate Professor Julius Kikooma.
In his address to the students, Assoc. Professor Julius Kikooma, Director-Graduate Training welcomed scholars to Makerere University, a place of knowledge, discovery and transformation. He said, “we are thrilled to have you join our vibrant and dynamic community of scholars at one of Africa’s leading research universities. Your decision to pursue graduate studies here reflects your courage to lead, your passion to learn, and your desire to contribute meaningfully to your field and to society at large”.
Assoc. Professor Kikoma reminded the students that graduate studies are more than a degree, it is a lifeblood of a nation’s vitality and driver of its socio-economic transformation. He added, “graduate research is a strategic national asset, not just about producing knowledge for knowledge’s sake but generating insights, innovations and solutions that: respond to pressing societal challenges and inform evidence-based policy”.
The author addresses 1st year LLM Students.
He encouraged the students that as they make choices for their dissertations to select topics that will contribute to Uganda’s Vision 2040 and the forthcoming National Development Plan IV.
A question-and-answer session followed where students sought clarifications on presentations from the various speakers.