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Guidelines for Online Research Proposal and Thesis Defence

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The higher education landscape is rapidly changing, the technological rise of the 21st-century and widespread integration of those technologies into our society, combined with access to the internet has integrally changed graduate research proposal and thesis examination/defence approaches. The rapidly changing landscapes call for a review of the research proposal/thesis examination methods in order to keep up with the times and incorporate integrated technologies into the learning modal, these technologies aren’t going to go away, they’ll continue to be integrated into our society and it’s time to embrace them for the advantages they bring. With the heavy integration of online technologies, the University will be able to improve the teaching and learning processes, information retention, engagement, responsibility and academic integrity.  

Virtual and blended approaches have become important because they help to break down the traditional walls of examination, and now with access to present day technologies and resources we can tailor the examination experience to the prevailing conditions.

The Makerere University policy and regulations for the examination of research dissertations and theses provide for three forms of defense, namely, face-to-face; blended; and/or online technology. Traditionally, the Makerere University’s thesis examination policy required that all participants be physically present in the room where the thesis defense is taking place, however, under exceptional circumstances, videoconferencing is permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

 

  1. The general University regulations governing graduate research proposal and thesis examination/defence will apply (ref. Mak Graduate Hand book available at www.rgt.mak.ac.ug)
  2. A suitable space and technology for the videoconference should be designated before the proposal and thesis defense. The technology should ensure system stability and quality of sound and image during the examination.
  3. Contact the Directorate of Information and Communication Technical Services (DICTs) for audio and videoconference technical support for the duration of the defense.
  4. Inform the Director, Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in advance of an upcoming online research proposal or thesis examination. In this notification letter, the Principal/Dean/Chair should indicate in writing he/she has read and understands the regulations and rules for online examination/defence.
  5. Videoconference software must be used that allows all participants to see and hear each other during the entire examination/defense.
  6. Online participants must connect using hardware and network connections that ensure that all participants are visible and audible and that the connection is stable and available throughout the scheduled time of the defense.
  7. Examination by ordinary cellular telephone (Audio only) is not permitted under any circumstances.
  8. Conducting a practice run one week prior to the defense to ensure that participants are comfortable using the technology is highly recommended.
  9. Maintain a good balance between web-conference security (to avoid disruptions, i.e. ‘web-bombing’) and allowing for an open public participation in the defense.

 

General Considerations

  • It is the responsibility of the Department to facilitate the web/teleconference-based defense;
  • To ensure that the candidate knows how to use the software platform, the Chair and candidate should conduct a test meeting prior to the defense.
  • Virtual research proposal and thesis defenses should adhere to the normal University requirements and procedures as much as possible;
  • The candidate and the examiners are encouraged to use a headset to reduce audio feedback, and to use an ethernet connection to the internet instead of WiFi.
  • The PhD Thesis defenses are open to the public audiences, and specific video connection instructions will be distributed to the University community in advance of the defense.
  • At the discretion of the Chair of the examination committee, a defense in progress may be stopped and rescheduled, ideally within one week if technical difficulties prevent the student, Chair or examiners from participating.

 

Before the Examination/defense

 

  • The Chair opens the meeting 15 minutes before the scheduled start of the defense. All participants should join the meeting at least 10 minutes before the defense begins.
  • The Chair should ensure that late participant arrivals do not distract the candidate once they start their oral presentation. Alternatively, the Chair can lock the meeting after the oral presentation begins.
  • At the start of the defense, the Chair will explain the format of the defense, including the time allowed for the oral presentation and set the ground rules for participation.
  • It is advisable that the candidate should send their presentation materials to the Supervisor and Chairperson ahead of time in case technical difficulties prevent projecting them during the teleconference.
  • To avoid distracting the candidate during their oral presentation, examiners and audience members’ microphones and camera should be turned off.

 

During the Examination/defense

 

  • The Chair should reminds the candidate and examination committee of the regulations. The Chair could project the slides on behalf of the candidate.
  • Audience members can either ask their question via the tool, in which case the Chair can turn on their video and microphone and invite them to interact directly with the candidate.

 

After the examination/defense

  • At the end of the question period, the Chair will ask the audience to leave the meeting and invite the candidate to either leave the meeting or isolate them from the other participants in the “lobby” depending on the software platform used.
  • Each examiner will individual assess and score the candidate’s performance. No vote will be recorded for an examiner who was not able to attend the defense. If an examiner must leave early due to technical difficulties, they can be allowed to vote via email at the Chair’s discretion.
  • The Chair will ask the examiners to sign the Examination Report. More details on digital signatures shall be provided by the DRGT.
  • The Chair will invite the candidate to return to the meeting and inform them of the outcome of the examination/defense.
  • If the candidate passes but revision of the thesis is required, the Chair will provide written comments to the candidate. All examiners must agree on the required changes. Optional changes that the candidate should consider prior to submitting the final report to the DRGT.
  • If the candidate fails, the Chair will provide written comments on the oral defense performance.
  • At the committee’s discretion, the candidate may be given a second attempt to defend the proposal or thesis.

 

Guidelines and best practices for the Principal/Dean/Chair

 

In advance of the examination/defense, the Chair

  • Consult with the student to select the video conference program to be used.  At the time of the defense, the Chair should be the host/point person for any technology difficulties.  Please do not leave this to the student, even if Chair is sure the student is more adept at technology.
  • Be knowledgeable of the ICT facility especially on how to allow the student to share slides and control the presentation.
  • Consider offering a “test run” with the student to ensure that the technology works and that they are comfortable using it to present their findings and answer questions.
  • Ensure that the student maintain audio-video connection throughout the examination.
  • Be responsible for ensuring that the requirements for online participation are met and that the online participation was uninterrupted or, if interrupted, that the defense was paused until the situation was fully restored.

 

At the defense

  • All participants should be in the examination room at least 15 minutes before the scheduled start time.
  • Don’t multitask during the research proposal or thesis defense.  Many examiners often do this in the online environment, but this is not a regular online meeting, it is an examination.  The student defending has spent years in anticipation of this examination/defense. 
  • Chair has the authority to discontinue the online defense at any time if they judge that online participation is interfering with the proper conduct of a rigorous and fair defense.
  • If one or more participants is dropped from the connection, or if audio is lost, the defense must be paused until the connection is restored. If the connection cannot be restored, the Chair must suspend the defense until it can be rescheduled.
  • Chair will introduce the candidate and the examination committee members; just as you would in a live defense (this is also a final check that all the audio/visuals work). 
  • Put a brief the agenda/rules in the chat window as a reminder of the examination rules.
  • Audio-only participation by either the examination committee members and the student is not permitted.

 

Guidelines and best practices for the candidate/student defending

 

In advance of the defense

  • The student should arrange to distribute all visual materials in advance of the defense
  • Make sure you know how to use the chosen video conferencing site (WebEx, Zoom, Microsoft Teams). 
  • Share your slides with your Supervisor before the start of the defense.  Ensuring someone else has them and could potentially share them if necessary is a good back up plan.
  • If you have notes or a presentation, practice how you will setup and deliver that beforehand. You may want to arrange your screen so that you can see your committee
  • To ensure high quality and full access to web-conference features, the candidate should participate in the defense using a laptop or desktop computer.
  • Plan your physical space for the defense to ensure that there is enough light so that you can be seen without a shadow; avoid glare, shadows, or an overly cluttered backdrop, and Use headphones is encouraged, to reduce any potential background noise.

 

At the defense

  • When delivering the presentation, sit and be sure that your webcam has a good shot of you from the shoulders up.  In a live defense, you would probably be standing, but that will not work here since you will not be as clearly visible.
  • Even though you are, sitting and you are communicating via videoconference, your gestures and nonverbal communication still matter.  Just as in a face-to-face examination, practice to avoid all those verbal fillers that may clog your communication.

 

Guidelines and best Practices for the examination committee members/Panelists

 

  • Do a test run, and consult DICTs and time to arrange the camera and lighting in advance.
  • Use your video to the extent that your internet connection allows, rather than a still image or your name.
  • Please mute your microphone unless you are speaking.
  • The examination committee members evaluate the candidate’s presentation, the quality of the research proposal or thesis as well as the candidate’s response questions.

 

Guidelines and best practices for the public audience:

  • After the defence, examination committee members have completed their rounds of questioning, and if time permits, the audience will have an opportunity to submit questions in writing using the chat feature.
  • Please keep the microphone muted at all times.

 

Troubleshooting

  • Ensure there is a back-up phone number for all required participants in case there is a problem with the technology.  While University policy does not allow for participation via phone, being able to reach participants by phone can help troubleshoot a solution.
  • If all else fails, notify the Director DICTS of the issue by other means (e.g., email, text).

 

Please follow these directions for planning and conducting an online/virtual proposal or thesis examination. These directions provide procedures and technical guidelines for running a virtual oral research proposal or thesis examination using videoconferencing technology. These directions do not replace the University regulations governing research proposal or thesis examination. Then Chair is responsible for understanding and conducting examination in accordance with the University regulations.

The following recommended directions explain how to set up a video-conference examination, and ensure that the defense runs smoothly and securely.

Process for planning and conducting a videoconference for Graduate Research proposal and Thesis examination/defence

Contact point in case you need further clarification of these regulations and procedures:

Directorate of Research and Graduate Training
Level 4 Senate Building, Makerere University;
P.O. BOX 7062 Kampala
Email: director[at]rgt.mak.ac.ug

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Students with Disabilities Trained on Assistive Technology Use for Learning

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The training for students with disabilities in the Disability Support Centre on 22nd August 2026. 60 students with disabilities trained on use of assistive technology to help them navigate studies and university life with fewer barriers, organized by Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA), 22nd August 2026, Disability Support Centre, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

For 60 students with disabilities, a computer, Braille reader or scanner is more than just a piece of equipment. It can be the difference between struggling to access information and learning with greater independence.

The students recently received practical training on the use of assistive technology to help them navigate their studies and university life with fewer barriers.

The one-day training was held on Saturday, August 22, 2026, at the Disability Support Centre in the Frank Kalimuzo Building. It was organised by the Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA).

Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre. 60 students with disabilities trained on use of assistive technology to help them navigate studies and university life with fewer barriers, organized by Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA), 22nd August 2026, Disability Support Centre, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre.

Unlike a classroom lecture, the training was largely hands-on. Students were taken through different technologies available at the University and given an opportunity to learn how they can use them in their day-to-day academic work.

Assistive technology includes devices, software and other tools that help people with disabilities access information, communicate, study and perform everyday tasks more independently.

Learning without barriers

Ms Elizabeth Rwabu, the Inclusion Support Services Officer at the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program, encouraged students, particularly first-years, to make use of the Disability Support Centre.

“For first-year students, university is a new chapter, and none of you should feel that you have to navigate it alone. Familiarise yourselves with the services at the Centre and seek support whenever they need it,” Ms. Rwabu, said.

Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre. 60 students with disabilities trained on use of assistive technology to help them navigate studies and university life with fewer barriers, organized by Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA), 22nd August 2026, Disability Support Centre, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre.

Ms. Rwabu also reminded the students to take care of the equipment, saying the facilities are shared by many students.

“These computers and assistive technologies are not simply pieces of equipment; they are tools that open doors to learning, communication and independence,” she said.

Students introduced to Braille technology

Mr Binasali Kyebagadha, an assistive technology expert from the Kyambogo University Disability Support Centre, led the practical session. He introduced students to the ethical use of assistive technology and demonstrated how different devices can support learning.

Among the devices demonstrated were the Orbit Reader 40 and Focus Blue 40 refreshable Braille displays, as well as the Pearl scanner.

Students were also shown how to use a smart interactive board and how it can support learners with different disabilities.

Up close with students with disabilities during the training. 60 students with disabilities trained on use of assistive technology to help them navigate studies and university life with fewer barriers, organized by Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA), 22nd August 2026, Disability Support Centre, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Up close with students with disabilities during the training.

Mr. Kyebagadha told the students that assistive technology should be seen as a tool for independence.

“Assistive technology is meant to remove barriers, not create dependence. When properly used, it gives a student the confidence and independence to learn, communicate and participate on an equal footing with others,” he said.

He also cautioned the students against misusing the equipment, noting that the devices are shared resources.

Disability Support Centre

The training comes as Makerere continues to strengthen its Disability Support Centre, which provides a range of services to students with disabilities.

The Centre has computers fitted with screen readers such as JAWS and Fusion, Braille embossing services, large-print materials, refreshable Braille displays and audiobook reading services.

For students with visual and hearing impairments, such services can make access to learning materials easier and improve their participation in university activities.

Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre. 60 students with disabilities trained on use of assistive technology to help them navigate studies and university life with fewer barriers, organized by Dean of Students’ Office in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at Makerere University and the Makerere University Disabled Students Association (MUDSA), 22nd August 2026, Disability Support Centre, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assistive devices in the Disability Support Centre.

The Centre also provides a link between students and academic staff, helping to address challenges that may affect students’ participation in learning.

Makerere established the Disability Support Centre as part of its efforts to promote an inclusive learning environment. The University also adopted its Policy on Persons Living with Disabilities in 2022.

For the students who attended the training, the most important takeaway was whereas having the right technology is useful, knowing how to use it can make an even bigger difference.

As Makerere expands its support for students with disabilities, the focus is increasingly moving beyond providing equipment to ensuring that students have the skills and confidence to use the technology effectively.

Carol Kasujja
Carol Kasujja Adii

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Uganda to Launch ACT-PREP, Africa’s New Epidemic Preparedness Research Network

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A KCCA Medical Office debriefs the MakSPH Field Epidemiologists and Surveillance Team during the CoVID-19 pandemic. Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda, East Africa.

By Henry Mugenyi

When the next infectious disease outbreak strikes, the question for African researchers should not be whether they have the capacity to conduct the research, but how quickly they can begin.

That is the gap a new five-year research initiative, Advancing Clinical Trials and Epidemic Preparedness Research Capacity in Africa (ACT-PREP), is seeking to address.

The project will be officially launched in Uganda on September 28th, 2026, bringing together researchers and partners from universities and research institutions across Africa and Europe. The launch will be held at the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Auditorium in Kampala.

Led by Makerere University School of Public Health, ACT-PREP is designed to strengthen Africa’s ability to conduct clinical trials and other research before and during infectious disease outbreaks.

Africa has repeatedly faced epidemics of diseases such as Marburg, Ebola, COVID-19 and other emerging infections. Yet when outbreaks occur, the capacity to quickly generate the evidence needed to guide treatment, prevention and public health decisions remains underdeveloped.

ACT-PREP aims to make research part of outbreak preparedness not something that begins only after an epidemic has already spread.

According to Prof Rhoda Wanyenze, the Principal Investigator on the project, “the initiative will establish a framework for more equitable collaboration among 10 African and two European institutions, working alongside Universities and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)”.

The consortium includes institutions from Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, South Sudan and Senegal, as well as European partners in Sweden and Germany. Africa CDC is also among the participating institutions.

For Uganda, the launch at Makerere University is significant. The university is taking the scientific lead on a programme that places African research institutions at the centre of efforts to prepare for future epidemics.

One of ACT-PREP’s central ambitions is to address the shortage of researchers and systems capable of rapidly conducting high-quality clinical research during emergencies.

The project will strengthen clinical research, ethics and regulatory capacity, while also supporting laboratory and disease surveillance systems. It will integrate training into PhD and postdoctoral programmes, with the consortium aiming to train at least 700 fellows at the end of the project.

“The idea is straightforward: Africa needs not only laboratories and equipment, but also people with the skills to use them when an outbreak begins” – Says Dr Steven Kabwama, ACT-PREP Project Manager.

Researchers will also be supported to share expertise, data, resources and technology across institutions and national borders.

ACT-PREP will further explore One Health approaches and artificial intelligence-supported systems to improve disease prediction, detection and rapid response. The project also seeks to support more streamlined regulatory processes so that clinical trials can be deployed and monitored more quickly when they are needed.

The experience of recent epidemics has shown that time is one of the most valuable resources in an outbreak.

Delays in detecting a pathogen, setting up research sites, securing ethical and regulatory approvals or generating reliable evidence can affect how quickly health authorities are able to respond.

ACT-PREP is built around the idea that many of these systems should already be in place before the next emergency.

That means having trained researchers, functioning laboratories, established regulatory pathways, surveillance systems and relationships between institutions that can be activated when an outbreak occurs.

It also means changing how research partnerships are built.

Rather than relying on external institutions to arrive when a crisis begins, the project seeks to strengthen African institutions themselves and create longer-term collaborations in which expertise, technology, data and resources can be shared across borders.

Mak Editor

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SPH celebrates Claire’s 14 years of service

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The Dean and Staff of SPH with Claire Nakayizi during the celebration. Celebrating Claire Nakayizi's 14 years of service as Custodian, August 2026, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

After 14 years of dedicated service, Claire Nakayiza, a familiar face and trusted custodian at the School of Public Health (SPH), has retired, leaving behind a legacy of hard work, commitment, kindness and service to the School community.

For many people at the School of Public Health, the sight of Claire arriving early in the morning, opening up the building and ensuring that everything was in order was simply part of the daily rhythm of life at the School.

For 14 years, Claire has been a constant presence at SPH. She has witnessed generations of staff, students, researchers and visitors walk through the School’s doors. She has seen colleagues join, grow and eventually move on, while she remained a dependable presence, quietly carrying out her responsibilities and ensuring that the School was ready to welcome everyone each day.

Her retirement was therefore more than a routine farewell. It was an opportunity for colleagues to celebrate a woman whose contribution, though often carried out behind the scenes, touched many lives and contributed significantly to the smooth running of the School.

Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (R) and Claire Nakayiza (L). Celebrating Claire Nakayizi's 14 years of service as Custodian, August 2026, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (R) and Claire Nakayiza (L).

At a farewell brunch organised by the Dean, School of Public Health, Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, colleagues and friends described Claire in glowing terms. Words such as hardworking, kind, patient, resilient, dependable and caring repeatedly featured in the tributes.

For many, Claire was much more than a custodian. She was described as a mother figure, a counsellor and someone people could approach whenever they needed a listening ear, encouragement or simply a warm smile.

A commitment that went beyond the call of duty

One of the strongest themes to emerge during the farewell was Claire’s extraordinary commitment to her work.

Colleagues recalled how she would routinely open the School building as early as 6:00 a.m., ensuring that staff and students arriving for the day found the premises ready. Her working day could stretch well into the evening, with some days requiring her to remain at the School until 8:00 p.m. or even 10:00 p.m.

Despite the long hours and demanding nature of her responsibilities, colleagues said Claire rarely complained. Instead, she approached her work with patience and resilience, always focused on ensuring that the School was secure and that its operations could continue smoothly.

Her dedication was particularly evident in her contribution to improving the security of the School building. Over the years, Claire became a trusted custodian of the premises, helping to ensure that the building was opened and closed responsibly and that the environment remained secure for those who worked and studied there.

Speaking at the farewell, Prof. Wanyenze described Claire as someone who consistently worked beyond the call of duty.

Claire Nakayiza receives a plaque in appreciation of her service from the Dean and Leadership of SPH. Celebrating Claire Nakayizi's 14 years of service as Custodian, August 2026, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Claire Nakayiza receives a plaque in appreciation of her service from the Dean and Leadership of SPH.

The Dean acknowledged that saying goodbye to Claire was an emotional moment, given the many years she had spent serving the School and the relationships she had built along the way.

However, Prof. Wanyenze said she had spoken to Claire and was assured that she was ready to embrace the next phase of her life.

She joined colleagues in wishing Claire good health, happiness and prosperity as she begins her retirement journey.

More than a custodian

Claire’s impact at SPH was not limited to the physical responsibilities associated with her job. To those who interacted with her regularly, her greatest contribution was perhaps the warmth and humanity she brought to the workplace.

Amos Ddembe, the Internal Auditor, described Claire as a joy to watch as she went about her work.

He particularly remembered her interactions with people when she was stationed at the reception area. Claire, he noted, was almost always smiling and welcoming to staff and visitors.

Her ability to make people feel comfortable, regardless of their position or role at the School, earned her the affection and respect of many colleagues.

Claire’s colleagues also remembered her as someone who was willing to listen and offer guidance. Her patience and calm demeanour meant that people could approach her with their concerns, knowing they would receive a sympathetic ear.

Over the years, these seemingly small interactions accumulated into meaningful relationships, helping to make Claire one of the most recognisable and trusted members of the SPH community.

A legacy of service

Fourteen years is a significant period in the life of any institution. During that time, Claire witnessed changes in leadership, staff, students, programmes and the physical environment of the School.

She remained a constant through these transitions.

Her service represents the important contribution made by members of the support staff whose work often happens quietly but is essential to the functioning of an institution.

From opening the building before sunrise to securing it late in the evening, welcoming people at reception, supporting the day-to-day operations of the School and contributing to the security of the premises, Claire’s work helped create an environment in which others could perform their own responsibilities.

Claire Nakayiza makes her remarks. Celebrating Claire Nakayizi's 14 years of service as Custodian, August 2026, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Claire Nakayiza makes her remarks.

Her story is a reminder that the success of an institution is built not only through high-profile academic and research achievements, but also through the dedication of people who ensure that the institution functions every day.

A gesture of appreciation

As part of the farewell, the Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences also expressed its appreciation for Claire’s years of service.

Representing the Department, Dr. Christine Nalwadda presented Claire with a cash envelope on behalf of the staff as a token of appreciation for her commitment and contribution to the School.

A new chapter begins

As Claire leaves the School of Public Health, she takes with her the memories of 14 years of service and the goodwill of the many people she encountered along the way.

For the colleagues who gathered to celebrate her, the farewell was not simply about marking the end of employment. It was about celebrating a colleague who had become part of the fabric of the School.

As she begins this new chapter, the School of Public Health joins together in saying:

Thank you, Claire, for 14 years of dedicated service. Thank you for the early mornings, the long evenings, the smiles, the patience and the unwavering commitment.

May retirement bring you the good health, peace, happiness and prosperity you so richly deserve.”

Betty Kyakuwa
Betty Kyakuwa

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