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Understanding the Impact of the Trump Aid Freeze on Higher Education in Uganda

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By Eutychus Ngotho Gichuru

The announcement of the freezing of foreign aid by U.S. President Donald Trump sent shock waves around the globe, and one of the main sectors that would feel the consequences in Uganda was higher education. American aid had been a godsend for Ugandan universities as many have enjoyed support in their research, scholarship, and infrastructural projects. This withdrawal of such vital financial support has exacerbated existing challenges, making the need for innovative solutions to keep the higher education sector afloat quite urgent.

The Immediate Impact

The freeze in American foreign aid has brought about an immediate financial shock to the Ugandan higher education sector, considering its historical dependence on U.S. funding. The most conspicuous effect is in research funding, where universities have for a long time depended on grants from the USAID and other educational institutions for projects in health, agriculture, and technology. These funds now being frozen means that critical research programs, like HIV/AIDS research at Makerere University, have been brought to a screeching halt. This retardation of scientific progress not only reduces Uganda’s contribution to global research but also impoverishes achievements in public health and technology. Further, scholarships provided by American institutions have been disrupted, which has thrown current beneficiaries into financial crisis and barred any prospective students from opportunities for higher education. The loss of these scholarships goes a long way in affecting student opportunities, especially among those who had avenues of social mobility. Another effect of the freeze has been felt on Ugandan universities regarding infrastructural development, which aims to ease pressures associated with learning environments. Because USAID had previously financed the construction of lecture halls, libraries, and laboratories, institutions without such support could only struggle to maintain quality education facilities, further leading to classroom congestion and resource shortages.

 Long-term Educational Consequences

The freezing of this aid has repercussions that go beyond the immediate financial blow to encompass long-term ramifications threatening to unravel stability at higher education in Uganda. Long-term effects include compromises on quality education, whereby with reduced funding, there is the tendency for universities to cut budgets in faculty development; this may be disastrous in securing qualified educators. This may lead to larger class sizes, outdated teaching materials, and a general decline in academic standards. The freeze also threatens international collaborations between Ugandan and American institutions, which have been instrumental in fostering academic exchanges and joint research projects. Loss of these partnerships isolates Uganda from global academic networks, limiting opportunities for knowledge transfer and innovation. Other key concerns are the brain drain, as reduced prospects for research funding and academic growth may drive across the border some of the best scholars and students. This would weaken the nation’s workforce through the exodus of intellectual capital, negatively affecting national development. If not strategically intervened upon, the country will continue experiencing a prolonged educational crisis that may take years to get out of, increasing the gap between Uganda and other more developed academic systems around the world.

Case Studies: The Human Element

In drives to flesh out the human face behind the aid freeze, specific case studies were crucial in regard to Uganda’s higher education sector. Makerere University, recognized for its research excellence and the country’s premier institution, has suffered immensely due to funding disruptions. Projects focusing on HIV/AIDS research, which were largely supported by American grants, are now at risk of stagnation. This indeed, affects not only the university’s standing globally but also the greater fight against HIV/AIDS within Uganda, which has had tremendous progress in combating the epidemic. Similarly, Kyambogo University has emerged with programs in special education and vocational training; however, it faces acute setbacks. In this regard, various programs aimed at supporting students with different abilities can no longer easily secure alternative funding, thus marginalizing such groups as far as the educationist support is concerned. These examples epitomize that freezing of aid is not an abstract financial problem; it’s real people-students, educators, and researchers-dependent on American aid to advance interests for their career and academic objectives. The money dried up-cuts across the lives, damped aspirations, and threatens wiping out years of gains in this East African country.

What Can Be Done?

Regardless of whether the crisis has been less or more severe, there are a few approaches that could help the higher education sector in Uganda reduce the shock of the freezing of aid: first, diversification of funding. First and foremost, the Ugandan government should prioritize education in its budget to ensure that universities receive appropriate financial support. This might be supplemented by the introduction of educational bonds, specific education taxes, and the increase in national research grants. Additionally, deeper interaction with the private sector can promote scholarships, endowments, and research grants that orient education to market demands. Secondly, international partnerships with non-American institutions in Europe, Asia, and Africa could also provide sources of funding and collaboration opportunities. Further, the institutional resilience would be enhanced by cost management and income generation. The universities should also maximize all their financial resources by embracing full digital transformation-which would lower dependence on real estate infrastructure-while looking out for other opportunities like online course sales and offering consultancy services. Thirdly and lastly, there is also advocacy and influencing policy. For this, it is important that educational bodies urge the U.S. government toward exemptions or reviews of the foreign aid policy. Domestically, there is a need for policies that emphasize education funding and incentivize private sector investment in academia. Alumni networks can also be leveraged to make contributions toward university endowments, which could be used to grant scholarships and finance research projects. Finally, there is a need to adapt to new realities through curriculum reform and technological integration. Ugandan universities should, therefore, design curricula with an emphasis on practical skills that reduce foreign aid dependence by making them self-sustaining. Integrating technology in education, such as offering online courses to international students, can also generate revenue and expand Uganda’s academic influence globally.

Conclusion

The Trump aid freeze serves as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of educational systems that overly depend on foreign assistance. For Uganda, it is a call to action-an opportunity to restructure and fortify its higher education framework to become more self-sufficient and resilient. While the immediate implications of the freeze are indeed daunting, this crisis offers an opportunity for innovation, new partnerships, and construction of sustainable funding mechanisms. Diversification of funding sources, reinforcement of institutional resilience, policy advocacy, alumni engagement, community outreach, and new educational models-these are how Uganda’s higher education sector may surmount the setback and grow stronger. The future of Ugandan higher education lies in strategic adaptation, not dependence. The proactive steps will be more appropriate. This crisis can accelerate the wheels of long-term improvement in the performance of Uganda universities with stakeholders’ timely intervention so that even with falling global finance, Uganda universities may continue to prosper.

Eutychus Ngotho Gichuru is a Doctoral Student at East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, College of Education and External Studies, Makerere University.

Mak Editor

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Special University Entry Examinations for the Diploma in Performing Arts 2026/27

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Students from the Department of Performing Arts on 4th April 2025.

The Academic Registrar Makerere University invites applications for the Special University Entry Examinations for admission to the Diploma in Performing Arts.

The examination will take place on Saturday 16th May, 2026.

Application process is online for those intending to sit the examination. Kindly note that there is payment of a non-refundable application fee of Shs. 110,000/- excluding bank charges in any (Stanbic Bank, Dfcu Post Bank, UBA and Centenary Bank). After filling the online application, you will be provided with 2 Past Papers.

To be eligible to sit the examinations, the candidate must possess an O’ Level Certificate (UCE) with at least 5 Passes.

The deadline for receiving the online applications is Tuesday 12th May 2026.

How to Apply

  • Application is online for ALL applicants.
  • Other relevant information can be obtained from Undergraduate Mature Age Office, Level 5, Room 505, Senate Building, Makerere University or can be accessed from https://see.mak.ac.ug
  • A non refundable application fee of Shs. 110,000= for Ugandans, East Africans Applicants (Including S. Sudan & DRC) OR US $ 75 or equivalent for international applicants plus bank charges should be paid in any of the banks used by Uganda Revenue Authority.
  • Apply through the application portal https://see.mak.ac.ug

Please see download below for the application portal user guide.

Further inquiries may be sent to email: see@mak.ac.ug

Prof. Mukadasi Buyinza
ACADEMIC REGISTRAR

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Prof. Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Lecture Re-ignites debate on learner-centred reforms

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On Thursday 23rd April 2026, people from different spheres of life, filled the Makerere University Main Hall to the brim, while other friends, partners and admirers, followed the proceedings virtually in a display of love and continuity, in honour of the legacy of Professor George William Senteza Kajubi, a distinguished scholar and educationist.

Prof. George William Senteza Kajubi, respected for being the first African Fulbright Scholar, served as a Vice Chancellor at Makerere University from 1977 to 1979, and 1990 to 1993.

He passed away on 1st May 2012, but his good works, knowledge, vocation, continue to inspire countless individuals across the globe.

Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy

The 6th Annual Professor Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture brought onboard the family of the late, the US Ambassador to Uganda, senior government officials, the Vice Chancellor and members of the University Management, the Uganda Vice Chancellors’ Forum, academics, staff, alumni, university and secondary school students, and international partners. All gathered for a detailed reflection on Uganda’s education system under the theme “Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy.”

The lecture, organised by the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) at Makerere University in partnership with the U.S. Embassy in Uganda and the Fulbright Program, evolved into a wide-ranging policy dialogue on curriculum reform, student learning outcomes, teacher training, digital transformation, and the legacy of Prof. William Senteza Kajubi.

Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe

Speakers repeatedly cited Kajubi’s 1989 Education Policy Review Commission Report, which many described as the foundation of modern Uganda’s education architecture, including the 1992 Government White Paper on Education for National Development.

Senteza Kajubi was a pioneering intellectual and reformer

The Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe re-affirmed Senteza Kajubi’s intellectual depth and policy influence and shared personal reflections on his legacy.

“Prof. Senteza Kajubi was an exceptional intellectual. I had the opportunity to travel with him for two weeks—witnessing his depth of intelligence, clarity of thought, and remarkable generosity in sharing knowledge.”

Prof. Nawangwe emphasized Senteza Kajubi’s contribution to Uganda’s education policy framework. “Prof. Senteza Kajubi authored the 1989 Education Policy Review Commission Report—still one of the most comprehensive analyses of Uganda’s education system. Many reforms today echo his forward-looking recommendations.”

Prof. Nawangwe highlighted Senteza Kajubi’s leadership at Makerere, where he served as Vice Chancellor of Makerere University at critical moments, shaping the institution into what it is today.

Ambassador William Popp and Vice Chancellor Baranabs Nawangwe in a group photo with Prof. Senteza Kajubi’s Family

On international cooperation, Prof. Nawangwe stated that the United States remains central to Uganda’s development. The Vice Chancellor, acknowledged the U.S for being a strong supporter of education and research at Makerere University. He then welcomed the U.S. Ambassador to Uganda, H.E William Popp, to address the congregation, at Makerere University Main Hall.

Education is a bridge between nations

The U.S. Ambassador to Uganda, H.E. William Popp, framed the lecture within the broader philosophy of international education exchange. “Education is one of the most powerful instruments for promoting relations between people and building bridges across cultures,” he said.

The Ambassador highlighted  Senteza Kajubi’s historic role in the Fulbright Program: “Professor Senteza Kajubi was the first Fulbright scholar from Africa. He bridged two worlds and returned not only with knowledge, but with a vision for what Ugandan education could become.”

He emphasized education as a tool for transformation: “Education policy must serve students—the young people whose families and nations depend on them.”

He argued that education systems must prepare learners for an uncertain future: “Students must be prepared not only for today’s jobs, but for careers that do not yet exist.”

Students from College of Education and External Studies sing the anthems.

H.E. Popp stressed the dual nature of education: “The best education provides technical skills for employment and develops creativity, independent thinking, and problem-solving abilities” he said, adding “Let us honour the legacies of Senator Fulbright and Professor Kajubi not only in words, but in action.”

Senteza Kajubi remains the foundation of Uganda’s education reforms

Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga, Principal of CEES, described Prof. William Senteza Kajubi as central to Uganda’s education system design and reform trajectory.

“It is very hard to talk about education reforms in Uganda without mentioning the name William Senteza Kajubi,” Prof. Mugagga said. “For over thirty years, Uganda’s education system has had as its fulcrum the Kajubi Report (1989) and the resultant Uganda Government White Paper on Education for National Development (1992).”

He emphasized that Senteza Kajubi’s influence extended beyond policy documents into the broader transformation of Ugandan society. “His vision and dedication to education have had a lasting impact on Uganda, not only as an education system, but also on the entire Ugandan polity served by this system.”

Prof. Mugagga described Senteza Kajubi as a “beacon of academic excellence” and highlighted his leadership roles at Makerere University during periods of institutional and national crisis.

Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga

“His leadership, particularly during challenging times, serves as a testament to his unwavering commitment to fostering a higher education system that is not only academically rigorous but also deeply rooted in responsibility, ethics, and civic engagement.”

He connected Senteza Kajubi’s philosophy to the current reforms in the education sector, which provide a transition to the competence-based curriculum.

Reflecting on Senteza Kajubi’s legacy, Prof. Mugagga stressed that universities must remain relevant by engaging in continuous policy dialogue. “The only way the College of Education and External Studies can justify its existence is by engaging in meaningful dialogue about education policy reforms from pre-primary to university level.”

 “Implementation defines policy success”

Delivering the keynote address, Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo, Executive Director of Uwezo Uganda, described Kajubi’s policy legacy as the backbone of Uganda’s education system. “A policy is as good as its implementation,” she stated.

She outlined the foundational principles of the 1989 Commission: “Education is for everyone, and education should produce responsible citizens.”

She explained that Senteza Kajubi’s reforms prioritized inclusion and equity: “The commission emphasized universal access, teacher training, foundational learning, and inclusion of marginalized groups.”

She warned that Uganda faces persistent learning gaps: “Even at Primary Seven, some learners cannot read basic texts.”

She criticized the overemphasis on enrolment over learning outcomes: “For too long, the focus has been on access rather than whether children are actually learning.”

Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo delivering the keynote address

Dr. Nakabugo called for systemic reforms: “We must strengthen school management, expand pre-primary education, and invest in inclusive learning systems.” She stressed: “If we are to honour Professor Senteza Kajubi’s legacy, we must ensure that every child not only enters school, but succeeds in it.”

Senteza Kajubi’s vision was holistic education for life

Prof. Eriabu Lugujjo, Executive Director of the Uganda Vice Chancellors’ Forum (UVCF), offered a deeply reflective account of Senteza Kajubi’s philosophy of education, grounded in five core pillars.

He recalled first meeting Senteza Kajubi in 1960: “I first met Professor Senteza Kajubi when I was in Senior One at Makerere College School. He was among the top student teachers at the time.”

Panel Discussion: [L-R] Moderator Dr. Leah Namatome-Sikoyo, Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo, Dr. Richard Scott Nokes, and Prof. Eriabu Lugujjo

Prof. Lugujjo explained Senteza Kajubi’s core educational philosophy: “He emphasized that learning should involve and engage the learners. Students must be confident, know what they want, and express themselves clearly.”

To drive home the point, Prof. Lugujjo informed the audience in the Main Hall and those following the lecture virtually, that Prof. Senteza Kajubi always emphasized the need for student confidence: “He told us to look people in the eye when speaking. That built confidence in us.”

He outlined the five pillars of Kajubi’s education philosophy: “Learning to be, learning to know, learning to do, learning to learn, and learning to live together.”

He emphasized lifelong learning: “Learning should never stop, especially in developing countries where skills must continuously evolve”, and concluded by reiterating “Education should produce confident, skilled, adaptable, and socially responsible individuals.”

The Lecture was well attended, Main Hall filled to capacity.

Technology must remain human-centred.

Dr. Richard Scott Nokes, a Full Professor of English at Troy University and currently a Fulbright Scholar in Uganda, situated education within historical technological transformations. “Technology must serve the human. The human must never serve the technology.”

He examined the evolution of education through three major shifts: the printing press, global mobility through Fulbright exchanges, and digital technologies.

On online learning: “Students can now learn across continents without travelling, but the classroom community has weakened.”

On artificial intelligence, he emphasized the need for balance:“We need AI that knows Uganda and the world—not one or the other,” he pointed out. “None of these technologies teach by themselves. They are tools we use to teach one another” he added.

Senteza Kajubi as a man of culture, humility, and access

Representing the family, Beverley Nambozo, Prof. Senteza Kajubi’s eldest granddaughter and founder of the Babishai Niwe (BN) Poetry, delivered a personal tribute.

“Professor Senteza Kajubi was a gentleman who carried much of the legacy of Africa’s Fulbright experience on his shoulders in the 1950s.”

Ms Beverley Nambozo

She recounted his experience studying in the United States: “He spoke about long bus rides across Chicago and the challenges he faced as a young man abroad.”

She highlighted his support for education and literature: “Every time I published a book, he would buy at least five copies.”

She emphasised his inclusive philosophy: “He spoke to gardeners and household workers about their views on education” and concluded with a quote “Time stays and we go, but time cannot erase the legacy we create.”

During a panel discussion, moderator Dr. Leah Namatome-Sikoyo, a member of faculty at CEES, emphasized collective responsibility in education reform. “To realise transformative education, everyone has a role to play—government, policymakers, teachers, learners, parents, and citizens.”

The 2026 Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture reaffirmed Kajubi’s central role in shaping Uganda’s education system and highlighted urgent challenges in implementation, learning quality, inclusivity, and digital transformation.

The family of the late Prof. Senteza Kajubi and the Principal of the College of Education and External Studies, commended the Organizing Committee chaired by the Deputy Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso for the excellent planning, coordination and execution.

Event Photos: https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjCS7up

Ritah Namisango
Ritah Namisango

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Advancing Education Policy Dialogue through Partnership: Makerere Hosts the 2026 Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture

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A group photo of key delegates, panelists, and partners at the Senteza Kajubi Public Lecture. Professor William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture organised by Advancement and International Office, College of Education and External Studies (CEES) with the U.S. Embassy, Theme "Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy", 23rd April 2026, Main Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University continues to position itself as a hub for global academic exchange and strategic partnerships, as demonstrated by the successful hosting of the 2026 Professor William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture.

Now in its fourth edition since the revitalisation of the lecture series in 2022, the Kajubi Lecture has evolved beyond a commemorative academic event into a powerful platform for institutional collaboration, most notably between Makerere University and the United States Embassy in Uganda. This partnership, anchored in the shared legacy of Professor William Senteza Kajubi as the first African Fulbright Scholar, reflects a deeper commitment to knowledge exchange, diplomacy, and education reform.

The 2026 lecture, held on April 23 at the Makerere University Main Hall, convened a diverse audience of policymakers, scholars, Fulbright alumni, students, and development partners, underscoring the multi-stakeholder approach required to drive meaningful education reform.

At the heart of this collaboration is a shared belief in the transformative power of education and international exchange. In his remarks, the United States Ambassador to Uganda, William W. Popp, emphasised that the Fulbright Program represents more than academic mobility; it is a bridge between nations, fostering mutual understanding and long-term cooperation. He noted that such exchanges strengthen both countries by creating enduring networks of collaboration and shared knowledge.

This partnership is not incidental but rather intentional. Through the Advancement and International Office, Makerere University has strategically aligned the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) with the U.S. Embassy to ensure that the Kajubi Lecture serves as both an intellectual platform and a diplomatic touchpoint. The lecture reinforces ongoing cooperation while also expanding opportunities for academic exchange, research collaboration, and alumni engagement.

H.E Amb. William Popp addressing the audience at the lecture. Professor William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture organised by Advancement and International Office, College of Education and External Studies (CEES) with the U.S. Embassy, Theme "Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy", 23rd April 2026, Main Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
H.E Amb. William Popp addressing the audience at the lecture.

Delivering the keynote address, Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo, Executive Director of Uwezo Uganda, brought the discussion back to the core purpose of education policy: enabling student success. Her address traced the enduring influence of the Kajubi legacy on Uganda’s education system, highlighting both progress and persistent challenges in access, quality, and relevance.

At the heart of her message was a return to Kajubi’s foundational belief: that education is both a basic human right and a tool for shaping responsible citizens. Education, she emphasised, must go beyond the acquisition of certificates to cultivate values, critical thinking, and a sense of civic responsibility.

Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo addressing the Q&A from the audience during the lecture. Professor William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture organised by Advancement and International Office, College of Education and External Studies (CEES) with the U.S. Embassy, Theme "Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy", 23rd April 2026, Main Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
 Dr. Mary Goretti Nakabugo addressing the Q&A from the audience during the lecture.

A central critique in the keynote was the increasing dominance of technocratic approaches to education policy. While economic growth and workforce readiness are important, Dr. Nakabugo cautioned against reducing education to a tool for productivity alone. In doing so, systems risk neglecting the broader purpose of education, to nurture well-rounded individuals capable of contributing meaningfully to society.

This calls for a redefinition of student success. Success, she argued, should not be measured solely by enrollment or completion rates, but by meaningful outcomes: literacy, competence, retention, and the ability to apply knowledge in real-world contexts. It is about preparing learners not just for jobs, but for life.

To achieve this, Dr. Nakabugo called for a renewed commitment to the Kajubi vision. This includes making education truly universal and equitable, investing in teachers and infrastructure, strengthening inclusive support systems, and reducing the financial burden on families. Equally important is the need to re-centre values such as critical thinking, citizenship, and accountability within the education system.

The Vice Chancellor of Makerere University further underscored this point, noting that education remains one of the most powerful instruments for building bridges between people and cultures. He expressed appreciation to the United States for its continued support, recognising the partnership as a critical contributor to Uganda’s development and to Makerere’s global outlook.

Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, giving his remarks during the Senteza Kajuba Lecture. Professor William Senteza Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture organised by Advancement and International Office, College of Education and External Studies (CEES) with the U.S. Embassy, Theme "Education Policy Reform as an Enabler of Student Success: The Kajubi Legacy", 23rd April 2026, Main Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, giving his remarks during the Senteza Kajuba Lecture.

Before the Senteza Kajubi Memorial lecture, at a farewell cocktail session for H.E Ambassador. William Popp,  the Vice Chancellor, expressed sincere appreciation to H.E. Amb. William W. Popp for his distinguished service and steadfast support to Makerere University during his tenure. He noted that the United States has remained a key partner in advancing the University’s global engagement, with a significant number of Makerere’s academic and institutional partnerships anchored in collaborations with U.S. universities. The Vice Chancellor commended Ambassador Popp for strengthening these ties and for his commitment to fostering academic exchange, research collaboration, and mutual understanding between Uganda and the United States.

Importantly, the Kajubi Lecture continues to serve as a convening space for Fulbright alumni, policymakers, and scholars, reinforcing a growing network of individuals committed to shaping the future of education in Uganda and beyond. This aligns with the broader objective of the lecture to initiate and sustain conversations on education policy reform while strengthening institutional and international cooperation.

As Makerere University advances its strategic priorities in internationalisation and alumni engagement, the Kajubi Fulbright Memorial Lecture stands out as a model of how legacy, partnership, and purpose can converge to drive impact.

Kainomugisha Caroline is the Communications Officer, Advancement Office, Makerere University.

Caroline Kainomugisha
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