Health
75th Graduation Ceremony of Makerere University: MakCHS presents Graduands
The Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS), College of Natural Sciences, and College of Business and Management Sciences presented graduands for conferment of degrees on the 14th January, 2025 which was the day 2 of the 75th Graduation Ceremony of Makerere University that commenced on Monday 13th January 2025.
MakCHS presented a total of 886 graduands including (23) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), (456) Masters and (407) Bachelors. For the second year, MakCHS produced the researcher with the biggest number of publications, Prof. Moses Kamya and he received an award for the achievement.
Speaking to the congregation, Professor Barnabas Nawangwe – Vice Chancellor, Makerere University welcomed everyone to Makerere University’s 75th Graduation. He congratulated the 13,658 graduates, including 143 PhD recipients, 53% female graduates and 47% male graduands who will be awarded degrees through the graduation week. He commended the efforts of staff, parents, and sponsors in supporting the students’ journeys. Professor Nawangwe praised the achievements of Makerere’s Colleges and Schools, he commended MakCHS for the leadership in research and innovation flying the Makerere flag globally. He noted, ‘The College of Health Sciences is our flagship college for research and community engagement. This college accounts for 50% of all research grants won and also 50% of all the publications by the University. The College celebrated 100 years last year, making it the oldest college at Makerere University’.
Prof. Nawangwe reiterated Makerere’s transformation to a research-led institution supported by the government funded Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF). “We are addressing national priorities, such as improving the Parish Development Model and advancing e-governance,” he stated. The Vice Chancellor also congratulated Dr. Crispus Kiyonga on his appointment as Chancellor and urged graduates to leverage their education to create solutions for societal challenges.
Professor Nawangwe advised the graduands thus, ‘We have equipped you with the knowledge and skills that will make you employable or to create your own businesses and employ others. Do not despair if you cannot find employment, instead reflect on the immense opportunities around you and raise them as an entrepreneur.’
Professor Puleng LenkaBula, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of South Africa (UNISA) delivered the commencement speech where she called on the graduands to remain resilient and emancipate Africa’s people. Her address titled “The Power of Resilience – African Woman, Find Your Generational Mission and Redefine Your Worth”, Professor LenkaBula highlighted the critical role of African women in shaping the continent’s destiny.
Professor LenkaBula expressed gratitude for being invited to such a significant occasion and extended greetings from South Africa, including from UNISA’s Chancellor, former South African President Dr. Thabo Mbeki. She praised Makerere University for its legacy of academic excellence and contributions to the African continent, emphasizing its role in anti-colonial struggles, post-colonial development, and its steadfast commitment to African unity. She called for a renewed focus on gender equity in academia and leadership, noting the disproportionate burdens faced by women in society. Citing the achievements of Makerere University in gender mainstreaming, she expressed optimism about the role of young leaders in dismantling patriarchal systems and fostering inclusive development.
Professor LenkaBula concluded her address to graduands with a call to action: “Your graduation is not merely a personal achievement but a contribution to Africa’s collective progress. History has thrust upon you the task of creating a future defined by resilience, innovation, and equality.”
In his remarks, Dr. Crispus Kiyonga – Chancellor, Makerere University congratulated graduands upon making it to the 75th Graduation Ceremony of Makerere University. Dr. Suruma expressed his appreciation of His Excellency the President and First Lady/Minister of Education and Sports for giving him the opportunity to serve Uganda and for the continuous support extended to Makerere University, requesting the congregation to join him and give them a warm applause. Dr. Kiyonga reiterated President Museveni’s directive to Makerere University to integrate the teaching of political economy across all courses to enhance students’ understanding of the country’s socioeconomic conditions. The directive, welcomed by the university’s top management, will be incorporated into the curriculum to align education with the needs of the people and the nation.
He expressed appreciation that the government has pledged to bolster Makerere’s research funding and he encouraged the University to strengthen partnerships with the private sector to commercialize innovations developed at the institution.
The new Chancellor pledged support to the University management in saving its land and urged that an agro-industrial park be established. “This park would serve three purposes: teaching, generating income, and acting as a demonstration site for communities across the country,” Dr. Kiyonga noted. He also emphasized the urgency of addressing Uganda’s food insecurity, highlighting that 40% of children in the Rwenzori region are stunted, with malnutrition affecting most regions of the country.
Dr. Kiyonga also pointed out Africa’s underperformance despite its vast resources, describing it as a contradiction. “It is our responsibility to change the conditions of our people and ensure Africa rises to its potential,” he urged.
The ceremony was graced by Hon. Joyce Moriku Kaducu, Minister of State for Primary Education, who represented the First Lady and Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni. Other dignitaries included members of Parliament, the judiciary, the diplomatic corps, and academics.
The Minister lauded Makerere University for its dedication to academic excellence and innovation. “Today reflects the resilience, hard work, and commitment of our graduates, supported by the university staff, management, and parents,” she said. The Minister commended the Vice Chancellor and management for fostering research and innovation while urging them to maintain robust quality control systems to uphold the institution’s integrity.
She also reflected on Makerere’s recent milestones, including the commissioning of a new the launch of the School of Graduate Studies and Research. “Your achievements stem from hard work, transparency, and accountability. They set Makerere apart as a leader in higher education,” she noted. Addressing the graduates, Hon. Kaducu encouraged them to apply their skills to solve societal challenges. “Makerere has equipped you with critical thinking and creativity. Use this to seize opportunities, make a difference, and shine wherever you go,” she concluded. During the 75th graduation ceremony held from the 13th -17th January, 2025, a total of 13,658 graduands were awarded degrees and diplomas in various disciplines. Of these, 143 received PhDs, 1,813 Masters Degrees, 243 postgraduate Diplomas, and 11,454 Bachelor’s Degrees. 53% of the graduands are female and 47% are male. 44% of the PhD graduands are female. A total of 491 graduands received first class degrees.
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Health
Kampala at a Crossroads: What New Research Reveals About Mobility, Governance, and the City’s Public Health Risks
Every day in Kampala, millions of people inch through gridlock, dodge swarming boda-bodas threading through narrow gaps in traffic, inhale dangerously polluted air, and walk along streets rarely designed for pedestrians. These conditions, and more, are often dismissed as ordinary transport frustrations. Yet researchers at Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) are examining how such everyday realities translate into public health outcomes, shaped not simply by congestion, but by governance, policy, and power. Their work forms part of a multi-country project investigating the political economy of urban mobility in three African cities.
Co-led by Dr. Aloysius Ssennyonjo, the Principal Investigator and health systems and governance researcher at MakSPH, together with Uganda’s Country Principal Investigator, Dr. Esther Bayiga-Zziwa, a road safety and injury epidemiologist, and Co-Principal Investigator Dr. Jimmy Osuret, an injury prevention researcher, the project titled The Political Economy of Urban Mobility Policies and Their Health Implications in African Cities (PUMA) applies a political economy lens to understand how political interests, institutional arrangements, and power dynamics shape mobility systems and their consequences for public health in Kampala, Kigali, and Lilongwe.
To note, political economy analysis examines how public decisions are shaped by the interplay of politics, interests, institutions, and resources, in short, who has influence, who controls what, and how money and power circulate within a system. In Kampala, a capital of nearly two million residents whose daytime population swells with commuters, this lens helps explain why some transport options attract funding and enforcement while others are tolerated, neglected, or contested. These choices are not just technical, but reflect competing interests and priorities, with consequences for safety, equity, and the everyday well-being of those moving through the city.
Now, through the NIHR-funded project, the Ugandan team is currently working with colleagues from the University of Rwanda, led by Professor David Tumusiime, and Kamuzu University of Health Sciences in Malawi, led by Dr. Dominic Nkhoma. The research partnership aims to generate evidence that can strengthen mobility governance and improve public health outcomes across the three African cities above, with advisory support for the research consortium from the University of Antwerp in Belgium and Canterbury Christ Church University in the UK.
Explaining the project’s rationale for the Politics of Urban Mobility, or PUMA, during the 2025 Universal Health Coverage Day webinar held on December 12 under the theme “Mobility, Costs, and Politics: How Urban Systems Shape Access and Progress Towards Universal Health Coverage in African Cities,” Principal Investigator Dr. Ssennyonjo said Africa is urbanising at an unprecedented pace. Projections show that by 2050, nearly 60% of the continent’s population will live in cities, a shift that is intensifying transport pressures and increasingly turning everyday mobility into a public health risk.
“Rapid urbanisation has created multiple challenges: transport systems are under strain, risks and vulnerabilities are rising, and opportunities for healthy behaviours such as walking are often limited. Access to livelihoods is also affected, with broad implications for health,” Ssennyonjo noted, adding: “Crucially, these issues are shaped by political and governance dynamics, yet few initiatives explicitly address them. This gap motivated our focus on the politics and governance of urban mobility.”
He mentioned that health outcomes are shaped by social, economic, and environmental factors, with transport costs, risks, and stress often posing greater barriers than medical fees alone to achieving affordable health for all. He noted that the PUMA project brings together multidisciplinary teams to study how governance and political dynamics shape urban mobility, public health, and development, a perspective reflected in Prof. Julius Kiiza’s observation that effective urban development relies on coordinated action by diverse stakeholders across sectors to improve health outcomes, though emphasising the primacy of politics.
“Uganda and Singapore had comparable levels of underdevelopment in the 1960s. Under Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore embarked on a deliberate nation-building project. Today, it is among the smartest cities globally, outperforming many Western cities in clean government, mobility, and liveability. Why are we lagging behind? The answer, I argue, lies largely in the nature of our politics,” Prof. Julius Kiiza cogently argued.
He intimated that the result has been cities that are “unreliable, unsafe, unsmart, and chaotic,” noting that claims of inclusive urban development often ring hollow. “I have argued, and repeat here, that boda bodas as a symbol of inclusivity represent a false model of inclusion. We must interrogate this and invest in better urban transport systems and wider, well-planned highways,” he affirmed.
Prof. Kiiza urged policymakers and practitioners to move beyond piecemeal technical fixes and instead treat urban mobility as a governance challenge requiring coordinated, cross-sector action. He stressed the importance of aligning transport planning with public health, housing, employment, and skills development, arguing that safer, more liveable cities depend on institutions that work together and are accountable to the public. Such reforms, he noted, demand sustained political commitment and inclusive dialogue across government, academia, civil society, and the private sector, precisely the terrain the PUMA project is engaging, by convening stakeholders and shaping a shared research agenda around Uganda and the continent’s urban mobility challenge.
Indeed, on November 21, 2025, the Ugandan team convened a national stakeholder workshop in Kampala, bringing together a wide range of stakeholders. Opening the workshop, Assoc. Prof. Suzanne Kiwanuka, Head of the Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management (HPPM) at MakSPH, commended the team for highlighting what she described as a long-underexplored dimension of Uganda’s urban health landscape: mobility and its governance.
Reflecting on her own experience, she noted how boda-bodas have become increasingly indispensable for millions seeking quick, flexible transport, but also carry complex health, safety, and economic implications that demand multisectoral attention, calling for a balanced, evidence-driven dialogue that recognises their value while also addressing the infrastructural and policy gaps that shape mobility systems in Uganda’s rapidly growing cities.
“I sometimes use boda-bodas,” Assoc. Prof. Suzanne Kiwanuka said. “They are necessary when you need to move quickly during heavy traffic. Yet we all know how unsafe they can be. This PUMA initiative is timely to generate evidence not only on the politics of urban mobility and its health implications, but also its economic consequences.”
Notably, road traffic crashes remain one of Uganda’s most urgent public health threats today. The recent Uganda Police Force Annual Crime Report 2024 recorded 5,144 road deaths, a seven per cent rise from 2023, with motorcyclists accounting for nearly half of all fatalities. In Kampala, pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcycle riders constitute 94 per cent of all fatal crashes, according to the Kampala Capital City Authority. Thousands more suffer life-altering injuries each year.
Still, evidence from MakSPH, through its Centre for Trauma, Injury and Disability Prevention (C-TRIAD) and the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit (JH-IIRU) under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS), shows that the design and use of city roads are worsening the risk environment. Between 2021 and 2023, the team conducted more than one million roadside observations across Kampala, finding that while only five per cent of vehicles are officially recorded as speeding, those that do travel at an average of 57 km/h, well above safe limits for dense urban corridors, making city roads increasingly unsafe.
The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, cited in the report, recommend speed limits of 30 km/h on community roads and in urban areas where pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road users share space with motorised traffic, and 50 km/h on major urban roads. Yet the findings show that six in ten vehicles on community roads exceed these limits, heightening risks for those least protected and underscoring the need for lower-speed zones, traffic-calming measures such as speed humps and raised crossings, and consistent enforcement of traffic regulations.
For the PUMA team in Uganda, the writing on the wall shows that these rising injuries coincide with worsening congestion and rapid urbanisation, yet city mobility policies within Kampala remain heavily oriented toward road expansion and vehicular flow, with limited attention to safety, health protection, or non-motorised transport. This policy imbalance, then, explains why daily commuting remains hazardous and why progress on safer streets has been slow.
The study uses a three-tiered approach that combines policy analysis, regional evidence, and local experiences to examine how mobility decisions are made in Kampala, Kigali, and Lilongwe, who holds authority, and how these processes affect public health and equity. This is strengthened by structured co-creation workshops with practitioners, policymakers, and community actors, which reveal how governance functions in practice, often diverging from what is written on paper.
In parallel, the research team is conducting a continent-wide review of academic and grey literature to map regional trends, gaps, and the broader forces shaping African mobility systems. Together, these streams enable the researchers to compare cities, identify shared challenges, and build a grounded analytical framework for improving mobility governance across Africa.
In Kampala, preliminary findings by the MakSPH PUMA research team show a city governed by many mobility policies but marked by weak mobility governance. The team shared that Kampala operates under a dense mix of frameworks, from the National Integrated Transport Master Plan and National Urban Policy to road safety, climate, and KCCA development plans. While these documents acknowledge congestion, urbanisation, and road injury risks, they also reveal overlapping mandates, blurred institutional roles, and limited coordination authority.
Key government Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) actors include the Ministry of Works and Transport, KCCA, the Ministry of Lands, the Office of the Prime Minister, and the Ministry of Finance, with the Ministry of Health conspicuously absent despite clear health implications. Policy attention, according to the early findings, remains heavily skewed toward road transport, leaving non-motorised mobility and major health pathways, noise exposure, psychosocial stress, community severance, heat, and mobility independence largely unaddressed.
Governance realities are further shaped by political processes, including electoral cycles, informal negotiations with transport unions, selective regulation of boda-bodas, and heavy reliance on development partners that often influence what is prioritised and implemented. Together, these dynamics help explain stalled master plans, inconsistent enforcement, and resistance to progressive interventions. While the PUMA research remains at a preliminary stage currently, the emerging findings underscore the need for an integrated, multisectoral mobility agenda that places health at the centre of Kampala’s transport policy and practice.
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