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CEES Researchers discover how Indigenous knowledge systems such as Ethnomathematics enhance teaching and learning school mathematics

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On September 3, 2024, the College of Education and External Studies at Makerere University hosted a significant research dissemination event, presenting pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics. The research, funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York through the Makerere University Directorate of Research and Graduate Training, highlighted innovative approaches to making mathematics education more relevant and accessible to students in Uganda.

Illustration of connection between the period and basket weaving. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.

Ethnomathematics is an interdisciplinary field that explores the relationship between mathematics and culture. It investigates how different cultural groups understand, articulate, and apply mathematical concepts in ways that are often unique to their traditions and everyday practices. Educators and researchers can bridge the gap between formal, academic mathematics and the diverse mathematical practices found in various cultural contexts by exploring ethnomathematics. This approach can serve as a powerful medium for teaching and learning mathematics, offering several benefits such as cultural relevance in education.

Algebraic Spirals; hyperbolic, archimedean, Galilean, parabolic, spiral, and Fibonacci. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.

Ethnomathematics helps make mathematics more culturally relevant to students by connecting abstract mathematical concepts to their real-world experiences and cultural backgrounds. This relevance can increase student engagement, making mathematics feel more accessible and meaningful. For example, students from agricultural communities may better understand mathematical concepts when they are presented using traditional farming practices, such as crop rotation patterns or land measurement techniques.

Dr. Batiibwe addresses the participants. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.
Dr. Batiibwe addresses the participants.

The research, led by Dr. Marjorie Sarah Kabuye Batiibwe from the Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, focused on how traditional practices such as mat and basket weaving can be incorporated into the secondary school mathematics curriculum. This approach, termed ethnomathematics, seeks to connect abstract mathematical concepts to the cultural practices familiar to students, thus enhancing their understanding and engagement with the subject.

Key Findings

The research revealed that the mathematical processes embedded in traditional activities like weaving are rich in concepts that align with the school mathematics curriculum. For instance, mat weaving incorporates geometrical concepts such as symmetry, parallel lines, and shapes, while basket weaving introduces students to patterns, sequences, and measurement techniques. These cultural activities can be used as teaching tools to make learning more hands-on and relatable.

Circular shape of a mat during weaving process. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.

Impact on Education

Julius Anthony Musinguzi, a Master’s student undertaking this research said, the study also demonstrated that students taught using these culturally relevant methods showed improved conceptual understanding and a more positive attitude toward mathematics. “The use of IKS in teaching not only made mathematics more engaging but also helped bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application,” he said.

Mr. Musinguzi addresses the participants. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.
Mr. Musinguzi addresses the participants.

Dr. Batiibwe’s research further proposed the development of a curriculum module that incorporates these ethnomathematical practices into the training of pre-service mathematics teachers. This module would equip future educators with the tools and strategies needed to integrate IKS into their teaching practices effectively.

Sequences, Patterns and Circle Geometry. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.

The event concluded with a call to action for education stakeholders in Uganda to consider the integration of ethnomathematics into the national curriculum. This would not just preserve and promote indigenous knowledge but also improve the quality of mathematics education by making it more inclusive and contextually relevant.

Selected Pictures of Mats and Extraction of School Mathematical Concepts. Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, research dissemination, pioneering findings on integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) such as ethnomathematics in teaching and learning school mathematics, 3rd September 2024.

Makerere University continues to be at the forefront of educational innovation, and this research marks a significant step towards redefining how mathematics is taught in Uganda, ensuring that it resonates with students from all cultural backgrounds.

Research team

  • Principal Investigator: Marjorie Sarah Kabuye Batiibwe
  • Mentor: Assoc. Prof. Betty Kivumbi Nannyonga (Department of Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University)
  • Master’s student: Julius Anthony Musinguzi (Master of Education in Science Education (Mathematics)

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Betty Kyakuwa

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Makerere Charts Bold Path for Digital Learning with New ODeL Master Plan

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Stakeholders pose for a group photo at the unveiling and stakeholder review of the Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL). Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University has taken a significant step toward transforming its digital education landscape with the unveiling and stakeholder review of its Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL). The consultative workshop, held on Thursday, June 5, 2025, at Hotel Africana, brought together university leadership, academic staff, student representatives, and development partners to review the 10-year roadmap aimed at scaling access to quality, affordable, and inclusive education.

The workshop was officially opened by the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), Professor Buyinza Mukadasi, who represented the Vice Chancellor. In his remarks, Prof. Buyinza underscored the transformative potential of the KOICA-supported initiative.

Professor Buyinza Mukadasi enjoys a light moment. Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Buyinza Mukadasi enjoys a light moment.

“This project is a significant milestone in our journey to enhance the university’s capacity in ODeL,” he noted. “With support from the people of the Republic of Korea, KOICA’s grant will enable us to strengthen our ODeL infrastructure, develop high-quality digital content, and build staff capacity. This investment will undoubtedly have a lasting impact on our institution and the wider education sector in Uganda.”

Prof. Buyinza also paid tribute to the late Prof. Sung Seyeoung, the head of the Project Management Consultant team in Seoul, who passed away earlier this year, describing him as “a dedicated partner in this transformative journey.”

Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Ms. Ahn Jihee and part of the audience at the event. Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Ms. Ahn Jihee and part of the audience at the event.

The project, which began in 2024, is being implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS). It focuses on three core components: development of a strategic and contextualized ODeL masterplan; capacity building for academic, administrative, and technical staff; and enhancement of ODeL infrastructure, including a new Learning Management System (LMS), Content Management System (CMS), ICT equipment, and the construction of a dedicated ODeL building.

Professor Henry Alinaitwe, the Project Investigator, emphasized the forward-looking nature of the initiative. “Through this masterplan, we are not only expanding access to higher education across Uganda and beyond, but also redefining how knowledge is delivered in the 21st century,” he said.

Professor Henry Alinaitwe. Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Henry Alinaitwe.

The workshop aimed to disseminate information about the masterplan, gather stakeholder feedback, and prepare the document for preliminary approvals by the University Senate and Council. The draft was developed by a joint task force composed of Ugandan and Korean experts, including representatives from KNOU, KDS, Makerere’s Institute of Open, Distance and e-Learning (IODel), and the Directorate for ICT Support (DICTS).

Prof. Alinaitwe noted that all three project components are progressing steadily. Training sessions are underway both in Uganda and Korea, and the design for the Mak-ODeL building is currently 60% complete, with construction expected to commence later in the year.

The ODeL Master Plan (2025–2035) envisions Makerere as a regional hub for digital education. It outlines strategies to increase the number of accredited ODeL programmes, enhance ICT infrastructure, improve content development, and ensure that distance learners can access high-quality and flexible education through the university’s Moodle-based MUELE platform.

Left to Right: Part of the Makerere team—Co-PI Dr. Venny Nakazibwe, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, PI Prof. Henry Alinaitwe, and Prof. Paul Birevu Muyinda, Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Left to Right: Part of the Makerere team—Co-PI Dr. Venny Nakazibwe, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, PI Prof. Henry Alinaitwe, and Prof. Paul Birevu Muyinda.

Speaking at the workshop, KOICA Country Director Ms. Ahn Jihee commended Makerere for its commitment to digital transformation. “We believe education is a powerful driver of national development, and we are proud to partner with Makerere University on this ambitious journey,” she said. “Our partnership is not just about technology, but about building resilient systems and empowered people who can shape the future.”

She also recognized the efforts of both Ugandan and Korean teams and encouraged continued dialogue and knowledge sharing.

Currently, only 8 of Makerere’s academic programmes are offered through ODeL. However, the university’s Strategic Plan (2020–2030) envisions a substantial increase in that number. The new masterplan draws from international best practices including models from KNOU, Hanoi Open University, and the Africa Virtual University.

Ms. Ahn Jihee. Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ms. Ahn Jihee.

Prof. Alinaitwe extended special thanks to KOICA and its Kampala-based experts Prof. Kim Hyunjoo and Mr. Kim Kihun for their ongoing support, and acknowledged the contributions of the Makerere team—Prof. Paul Muyinda, Dr. Godfrey Mayende, Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, Dr. Richard Kajumbula, Mr. Samuel Mugabi, and Co-PI Dr. Venny Nakazibwe.

“We are laying the foundation for a future where Makerere University can provide education that is not just accessible, but also adaptable to the needs of learners wherever they may be,” he concluded.

The masterplan, once finalized and approved, is expected to usher in a new era of blended, learner-centered education that meets both local and global demands.

Professor Anthony Muwagga Mugagga. Unveiling and stakeholder review of Draft Master Plan for Open, Distance, and e-Learning (ODeL), funded by KOICA and implemented with technical support from the Korea National Open University (KNOU) and the Korea Institute for Development Strategy (KDS), 5th June 2025, Hotel Africana, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Anthony Muwagga Mugagga.

In his closing remarks, Professor Anthony Mugagga, who represented the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Finance and Administration), applauded participants for their insightful engagement. He emphasized the need for academic units to take ownership of ODeL implementation.

“The future of education is blended and borderless,” Prof. Mugagga said. “We must collectively embrace this shift—not just through policy, but through action: by developing new programmes, supporting learners, and investing in infrastructure that will carry us into the next generation of higher education.”

He also expressed appreciation to KOICA for its continued support and funding, which he said is helping to shape a more resilient and inclusive education system for Uganda and the region.

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Trump vs. Harvard: A Threat to Academic Freedom Driving African Students to China

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Harvard Business School, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Source: Faith Ninivaggi

By Eutychus Ngotho Gichuru

The escalating fight between veteran US President Donald Trump and the powerful American institutions like Harvard University is politics, it’s bare-faced incursion into intellectual freedom that can reshape the international world of higher education, particularly for Africans. The latest “scandal,” Trump’s combative condemnation of colleges as liberal ideological hotbeds, amplified by legal intimidation and political retaliation against colleges like Harvard, is damaging America’s international reputation as the academic gold standard. Unless the trend continues, African scholars have long regarded American colleges as embodiments of intellectual liberty will seek further afield, such as China’s Tsinghua University, and redefine the landscape of scholarship.

Trump himself, bloated-check on his 2024 campaign and beyond, denounces elite universities as “woke” indoctrination centers. Demands to defund universities, ideological segregation, and laser-beam focus on diversity programs have chilled the atmosphere. Harvard, already on trial for affirmative action and accused of suppressing conservative thinking, is under greater scrutiny than ever. The Trump-endorsed Supreme Court win in 2023 over the case against racially discriminatory admissions, as a triumph for Trump and his faithful, has been exerting political pressure on institutions to fall in line. Politicization is destroying the very essence of intellectual freedom: freedom to pursue truth through means of open-ended inquiry, unhampered by interference.

For African students, it is shattering the American academic dream. America has been the preferred destination of African Muslims for many years, with 400,000 or more African students enrolled in American universities by 2023. Harvard stands for hope, intellectual activism, and interdependence worldwide. But when academic freedom is attacked, either in Muslim nations by executive fiat or group demonization, students question the system. The image of American universities as payoff politics centers rather than temples of knowledge is a great discourager.

Take the case of China, which has placed its universities at the world map. Tsinghua University, affectionately referred to as “China’s MIT,” features among the top 20 universities in the world with state-of-the-art research in AI, engineering, and global governance. China’s Belt and Road initiative has already prompted scholarship collaborations with Africa, awarding more than 50,000 African students scholarship annually. China provides an open alternative to America, in which political anti-foreigner prejudice and visa controls have tightened but in which Tsinghua’s insistence upon technical discipline and non-Western-inspired political scandal-mongering offers a sanctuary to those denied security and possibility.

Life for African students is a game. If the shine fades from American campuses, Nigerian, Kenyan, or Ghanaian students may be lured by the more appealing prospect of subsidized campuses and meritocratic competition culture of Tsinghua. Chinese universities, though not inexpensive, are another deal: intellectual seriousness untainted by ideational competition distorting American campuses. To Africans bureaucratically and financially strained in America, China’s streamlined visa process and subsidized schooling are appealing. Tsinghua welcomed 20% more African applicants in 2024, and the figures can only go up if America’s learning environment deteriorates.

This has far-reaching implications. Chinese-educated Africans will increasingly adopt the Beijing approach to geopolitics, enhancing China’s soft power in Africa. America will lose the intellectual and cultural capital that it has gained through decades of exportation of Africa’s best and brightest for studies in its institutions. Harvard-educated African leaders have led the innovation and governance driver in the continent; a transition to Tsinghua would funnel those networks into China’s quarter. In order to ensure academic freedom and global competitiveness, America should not politicize its colleges and universities. Institutional autonomy must be upheld by academics and legislative members in a situation where scholarship, rather than ideology, is the basis of higher education. For the students from Africa, the consequence is ominous: college selection not only determines their future but that of the continent. And if the Trump-Harvard soap opera continues chewing away at American scholarship’s trust factor, Tsinghua’s gates will swing wider and wider, and Africa’s best and brightest will walk through them with the U.S. in their rearview mirror.

About the Author

Eutychus Ngotho Gichuru is a Doctoral Student at East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Eutychus Ngotho Gichuru is a Doctoral Student at East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, College of Education and External Studies (CEES), Makerere University.

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Admission List to Bachelor of Education External (BED) 2025/26 -Private Sponsorship

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The Office of Academic Registrar, Makerere University has released the admission list of Diploma holders provisionally admitted to Bachelor of Education (EXTERNAL) programme under Private Sponsorship for the Academic Year 2025/2026 pending verification of their academic documents by the awarding institutions.

The List can be accessed by following the link below:

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