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Research Links Social Support to Improved Contraceptive Decision-Making for Women

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Researchers at Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) are urging the Ugandan government to boost healthcare funding to enhance reproductive health services. Dr. Dinah Amongin, an obstetrics and gynecology expert at MakSPH, has expressed concern about the lack of access to family planning methods, which forces women to use less preferred options due to unavailability.

Dr. Amongin notes that within just six months to a year of using contraception, some women encountered issues and switched methods. This highlights the need for the Ministry of Health to improve the availability of various contraceptive options. A rights-based approach to contraception ensures that women have access to a range of methods, preventing situations where desired options are unavailable at health facilities.

Performance Monitoring for Action's Phase 2 Survey Results by MakSPH (Sept-Nov 2021) reveals increased stockouts of injectables and erratic availability of pills at 225 public FP facilities, mainly due to supply issues. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Performance Monitoring for Action’s Phase 2 Survey Results by MakSPH (Sept-Nov 2021) reveals increased stockouts of injectables and erratic availability of pills at 225 public FP facilities, mainly due to supply issues.

“Stockouts are a significant issue, and this extends to parliamentary discussions on health sector budgets. As we focus on human capital development and improving maternal and newborn health outcomes, we must consider crucial components like preventing unwanted pregnancies through family planning. The budget allocation for the health sector directly impacts this issue. When women cannot access their preferred contraceptive methods due to stockouts, it reflects a failure in our legislative and budgeting processes. This situation forces women to switch to fewer desirable methods, which is not acceptable,” says Dr. Amongin.

Adding that; “These are things we need to continue discussing as a country but we must invest into family planning. We can talk about human capital development but until we step up and actually support women to prevent unwanted pregnancies, support them in their decisions of whether she wants to use a method for contraception or not. That is her choice. We must make sure access to the methods of her choice is actually addressed.”

Dr. Dinah Amongin, an obstetrics and gynecology expert at MakSPH, has expressed concern about the lack of access to family planning methods, which forces women to use less preferred options due to unavailability. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Dinah Amongin, an obstetrics and gynecology expert at MakSPH, has expressed concern about the lack of access to family planning methods, which forces women to use less preferred options due to unavailability.

Dr. Amongin’s comments follow a recent study on the I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023. The study highlights that social support significantly improves women’s ability to make informed contraceptive choices, potentially leading to better reproductive health outcomes.

Part of the Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project, the study shows that self-injection with DMPA-SC (Sayana Press) could increase contraceptive use, especially among women with limited access to healthcare. Despite the rollout of this method in 2017, its use remains low in Uganda. Sayana Press as popularly known is a subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC). It is a hormonal birth control shot, administered under the skin and is an all-in-one contraceptive that puts women in charge of their reproductive health.

Social support boosts self-efficacy, enhances privacy, and reduces access barriers, making self-management easier. Family planning helps manage the number and timing of children, lowering maternal and infant mortality rates and reducing complications from pregnancy. Conversely, unmet contraceptive needs can lead to unintended pregnancies and their associated risks.

A woman self-injecting while demonstrating to fellow women in Oyam district. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A woman self-injecting while demonstrating to fellow women in Oyam district.

In Uganda, 52% of pregnancies are unwanted or mistimed, with over 43% due to unmet family planning needs. The country’s youthful population complicates the issue, with 50% under 17 years old, at least according to the recent National Population Census. Notably, 10% of girls, one in every 10 girls you encounter, has already had sex before she turns 15 years, and 20% of boys, two in 10 boys have engaged in sexual intercourse by the same age.

Uganda's population pyramid showing age and sex composition of the population as of 2024. Source UBOS, Census 2024. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Uganda’s population pyramid showing age and sex composition of the population as of 2024. Source UBOS, Census 2024.

Methods of contraception include oral contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, intra uterine devices, condoms, male and female sterilization, lactational amenorrhea methods, withdrawal and fertility awareness-based methods.

Global statistics show that 77.5% of women aged 15–49 had their family planning needs met with modern methods in 2022, up from 67% in 1990. In sub-Saharan Africa, the proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (SDG indicator 3.7.1) continues to be among the lowest in the world at 56 per cent. Nevertheless, it also increased faster than in any other region of the world, having more than doubled since 1990, when this proportion was only 24 per cent.

Among 1.9 billion women of reproductive age (15-49 years), an estimated 874 million women use a modern contraceptive method and 92 million, a traditional contraceptive method. The number of modern contraceptive users has nearly doubled worldwide since 1990 (from 467 million). Yet, there are still 164 million women who want to delay or avoid pregnancy and are not using any contraceptive method, and thus are considered to have an unmet need for family planning.

Number of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) using various contraceptive methods, world, 2020 (millions and percentage). Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Number of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) using various contraceptive methods, world, 2020 (millions and percentage)

Slow progress is due to factors like limited method choices, restricted access, fear of side effects, cultural opposition, and gender-based barriers.

Between 2015 and 2019, there were 121 million unintended pregnancies annually worldwide – 48 per cent of all pregnancies. Despite decreases in the rate of unintended pregnancy in all regions over the past three decades, nearly one in 10 women in sub-Saharan Africa, Western Asia and Northern Africa, and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand) continue to experience an unintended pregnancy every year

Watercolor painted fetus illustration. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Watercolor painted fetus illustration.

In Uganda, where healthcare services are stretched thin and women juggle numerous responsibilities, accessing contraceptives can be challenging.

Dr. Amongin emphasizes that self-injection methods like DMPA-SC, also known as Sayana Press could ease the burden on women facing long queues and logistical challenges at health facilities. “This method allows for discretion and reduces the need for frequent visits, which is crucial for women with busy lives,” she says.

Researchers argue that the health sector’s budget should include substantial funding for family planning. The high cost of inaction is evident: neglecting family planning leads to unplanned pregnancies, which ultimately burdens families and the nation. Addressing this issue early in the life cycle is crucial to prevent these long-term consequences.

“This is the gist of the matter behind all our research, that a woman’s preference needs to be respected. The health facilities must stock commodities so that when a woman is in need, she actually gets it,” noted Dr. Amongin.

PMA researchers surveyed DMPA-SC (Sayana Press) users to find out if they self-administered the injection or received it from a healthcare provider. Results show a slight increase in self-injection among users between 2020-2021. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
PMA researchers surveyed DMPA-SC (Sayana Press) users to find out if they self-administered the injection or received it from a healthcare provider. Results show a slight increase in self-injection among users between 2020-2021.

Dr. Peter Waiswa, an Associate Professor at MakSPH, stresses the importance of informed choice in family planning. ICAN studies across Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda show that self-injection benefits all women, including young adolescents. “Supporting young people to make informed choices helps prevent unintended pregnancies,” says Prof. Waiswa.

“We spent four years trying to understand which women benefit from injecting themselves. And we found that all women benefit from it, including younger children. Because younger children in Uganda, whether we hide our heads in the sand or not, especially those 12 years and above are having sex and some of them using contraceptives,” Professor Waiswa says.

Dr. Peter Waiswa, an Associate Professor at MakSPH interacts with legislators Hon. Nancy Acora, the Lamwo District Woman MP and the Mbarara district woman MP Ayebare Margaret Rwebyambu. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Peter Waiswa, an Associate Professor at MakSPH interacts with legislators Hon. Nancy Acora, the Lamwo District Woman MP and the Mbarara district woman MP Ayebare Margaret Rwebyambu.

What is factually true is that by age 18, 60% of Ugandans have reported having sexual intercourse. Despite the benefits, dropout rates from family planning methods remain high due to side effects and lack of support. Dr. Waiswa also, a Public Health specialist, critique and dreamer for better health systems for mothers, newborns and children in Africa calls for better education and support to address these issues.

“As a way of being supported in a safe space whereby people are not asking questions, they are not fearing parents, they are not fearing other people, then they can use the methods. What we did in Mayuge and Oyam, we trained women who are users of family planning. To identify people who need to use family planning but are not currently using and then they go and see whether they can use or not. And we found that when people are supported, those groups which are currently not being reached can be reached by family planning,” argues Prof. Waiswa.

Women with most recent unintended pregnancies by age and residence. 2 in 5 women had their last pregnancy unintended in Uganda. 13% wanted no more while 33% wanted later. Source, PMA Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Women with most recent unintended pregnancies by age and residence. 2 in 5 women had their last pregnancy unintended in Uganda. 13% wanted no more while 33% wanted later. Source, PMA

A 2021 study found that contraceptive discontinuation significantly impacts the effectiveness of family planning services, leading to higher fertility rates, unwanted pregnancies, and induced abortions.

Analysis of data from PMA 2020 show that 6.8% of women discontinued contraceptive use, with discontinuation linked to factors such as age, marital status, method type, and health concerns. The study suggests prioritizing interventions to encourage contraceptive use among young people and promoting partner involvement and awareness, as many contraceptive methods are not discreet.

Prof. Waiswa is concerned of the high dropout rate from family planning methods, where many women discontinue use due to side effects, a need for better education and support.

“We need to see how to educate women so that they are informed when they are choosing a method to use. They need to have enough information because when they discontinue, the method can be ineffective, can cause side effects, but also these methods are expensive, so they waste money. There are a lot of those who change to other methods. We are learning a lot on the use of family planning why we still have a large unmet need,” says Prof. Waiswa.

Contraceptive methods used among women of reproductive age (15-49 years), world and by region, 1995 and 2020 (percentage) -Source: UN - World Family Planning 2022 Report Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Contraceptive methods used among women of reproductive age (15-49 years), world and by region, 1995 and 2020 (percentage) -Source: UN – World Family Planning 2022 Report

Ms. Roseline Achola, Technical Specialist for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Self-Care at the Ministry of Health, hailed the MakSPH study on self-injection contraception. She noted that the findings will help her enhance support for self-care initiatives. However, she expressed that only 29% of women willing to self-inject as indicated in the study is still low, highlighting a need to address barriers to increase acceptance as well as managing sexually active adolecents. “We must discuss how to handle minors seeking contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies,” she says.

On Friday August 23, 2024, the Daily Monitor reported, an increase in young girls adopting family planning to combat teenage pregnancies and school dropouts. Quoting data from the Uganda Health Information System, statistics show that between March 2023 and March 2024, 2,476 girls under 15 had their first antenatal care visit, and 1,755 gave birth. The highest number of pregnancies among this age group was in Oyam district.

In this period, Lango subregion saw 52 pregnancies among this age group, with Oyam district recording the highest at 10 cases. The 2021 UNFPA fact sheet indicates that Busoga region, particularly Kamuli and Mayuge districts, has the highest rates of teenage pregnancies, with 6,535 and 6,205 cases respectively.

Calculations based on United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Contraceptive Use 2022. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Calculations based on United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Contraceptive Use 2022.

“As the country, it’s clear that adolescents are limited to access to contraception because of so many reasons. For us as a Ministry, any woman between the age of 15 to 49 is a woman of reproductive age and that tells you that she is capable of getting pregnant and when such a girl of probably 15 years goes to a facility to seek for contraception, it rings a message that actually she is sexually active. So how do we handle her? So that is a matter of discussion for the country.

It is a matter that the nation needs to decide on, because we all know the girls are getting pregnant, the girls want to use contraception, but they have no access because of the fact that they are children,” wondered Achola.

Assoc. Prof. Lynn Atuyambe one of the researchers on post-abortion care shares a light moment with Ms. Roseline Achola, Technical Specialist for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Self-Care at the Ministry of Health during the ICAN Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assoc. Prof. Lynn Atuyambe one of the researchers on post-abortion care shares a light moment with Ms. Roseline Achola, Technical Specialist for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Self-Care at the Ministry of Health during the ICAN Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala.

Unintended pregnancies and Uganda’s abortion paradox

Abortion in Uganda, is largely illegal except in specific circumstances. It contributes to maternal death due to unsafe practices. Between 2010 and 2014, WHO reported that 30.6million abortions conducted were safe and 25.1million were unsafe. 97% of these occurred in developing countries. In East Africa, the total number of abortions per year according to the Lancet are around 2.65million.

The Ministry of Health’s HMIS data show a rise in abortion cases, with 96,620 reported between July 2020 and June 2021in both government and private health facilities.

Another recent study on the quality of post-abortion care by MakSPH researchers Assoc. Prof. Lynn Atuyambe, Dr. Justine Bukenya, Dr. Arthur Bagonza and Mr. Sam Etajak highlights the need for accurate post-abortion care data to improve healthcare planning and policymaking.

Dr. Arthur Bagonza, a Public Health Consultant and Research fellow with specialization in health systems at MakSPH and one of the uality of post-abortion care has called for accurate abortion data to improve healthcare planning and policymaking. He notes that health workers often avoid documenting abortion data due to legal fears and calls for reforms to restrictive laws to ensure accurate reporting without legal repercussions.

“All assessed health facilities reviewed in our study achieved a 100% timeliness rate for report submissions. However, significant disparities were observed in data accuracy between different levels of health facilities, with lower-level facilities (HC IIs and HC IIIs) showing higher rates of data discrepancies,” says Dr. Bagonza.

Dr. Arthur Bagonza., a Public Health Consultant and Research fellow at MakSPH presenting results of the quality of post abortion care. He calls for accurate abortion data to improve healthcare planning and policymaking. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Arthur Bagonza., a Public Health Consultant and Research fellow at MakSPH presenting results of the quality of post abortion care. He calls for accurate abortion data to improve healthcare planning and policymaking.

According to Dr. Amongin, the high incidence of early sexual activity among Uganda’s youth is a pressing public health issue.

“We know as a country many women continue to die following unsafe abortions; abortions for pregnancies that they did not want. And these abortions are highest among adolescents and also other women categories.

We would want to ensure that we actually enhance access to contraceptives, but making it easier for them to have it and putting the power in the hands of a woman to as much extent as we can. So that a woman can practice what we call self-care, but of course she also will need the support of the healthcare system. But we want this power in women’s hands because of all the challenges that the women actually can encounter in accessing these methods,” she said.

On her part, Achola insists that abortion should not be a last resort for women and urges them to abstain or use protective means in order to avoid unwanted pregnancies. She notes that as long as abortion remains illegal in Uganda, many health workers will avoid addressing it, leading people to unsafe alternatives.

“I can’t be happy because abortion means we have failed to give people a method of their choice to prevent that pregnancy. Or the people are not able to access contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies. Abortion is not the last resort, it’s not a solution because it has its own complications as well,” says Achola.

Ms. Roseline Achola, Technical Specialist for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Self-Care at the Ministry of Health listens through during one of the dissemination sessions organised by MakSPH. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ms. Roseline Achola, Technical Specialist for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Self-Care at the Ministry of Health listens through during one of the dissemination sessions organised by MakSPH.

Despite this, Achola, notes most of the women who walk in health facilities with post-abortion complications must be attended to. “Whereas we don’t encourage people to do abortions, as Ministry of Health we are mandated to handle all complications for anyone who walks in our facilities because our priority is to save life. We want to urge women to avoid certain things. Why should you wait for unintended pregnancy to occur and then abort?”

Dr. Charles Olaro, a Senior Consultant Surgeon and the Director Health services – Curative in the Ministry of Health highlights the financial burden on individuals seeking health services and suggests exploring private sector opportunities and community-based approaches to improve access. “We need to balance values and rights while addressing access barriers,” he notes.

According to Dr. Olaro, the autonomy and agency of women in sexual and reproductive health, particularly in African cultures remain a challenge where social norms may require women to defer decisions to their partners.

Dr. Charles Olaro, a Senior Consultant Surgeon and the Director Health services - Curative in the Ministry of Health (MoH). Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) project study I-CAN/Nsobola/An atwero social support intervention, piloted in Mayuge and Oyam districts in 2023, Dissemination on July 31, 2024 at Golden Tulip Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Charles Olaro, a Senior Consultant Surgeon and the Director Health services – Curative in the Ministry of Health (MoH).

He notes that there is a high burden of abortion and self-harm, with a significant portion of maternal mortality attributed to sepsis, which is often a result of unsafe abortions in Uganda.

“We still need evidence to ensure that access barriers are addressed. And this is a question I keep on asking Makerere University, yes, we have a young population but how are these people accessing contraceptives. Other issue we have to deal with is complex. I know we have to do a balance between values and rights, but we will be able to look at that when they gain the success to do it.”

Dr. Olaro points out that individuals often face a financial burden in health services, spending more on prescriptions than on the medications themselves. He suggests exploring private sector opportunities and a community-based approach to improve access to healthcare.

NB: The PMA surveys are spearheaded by Associate Professor Fredrick Makumbi and Dr. Simon Kibira of MakSPH, with support from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Health. The initiative also receives funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), and is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at Johns Hopkins University and Jhpiego.

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Davidson Ndyabahika

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Prof. Serwadda Urges Shift from Transactional to Equitable Research Partnerships

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Seated: Prof. David Musoke Serwadda (2nd Right) and Assoc. Prof. David Musoke (3rd Right) with participants at the workshop on 20th August 2025. Workshop on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda, keynote address by Prof. David Musoke Serwadda,20th August 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Auditorium, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

On August 20, 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) convened a timely workshop on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda. Held at the MakSPH Auditorium, the event brought together researchers, policymakers, and institutional leaders to reflect on how Uganda, and indeed the wider region, can engage more effectively and derive greater benefit from global research collaborations.

Delivering the keynote address, Prof. David Musoke Serwadda, a Professor Emeritus at Makerere University and a globally recognised HIV researcher and epidemiologist, urged a rethinking of how international research partnerships are structured. A former head of the Institute of Public Health (IPH) and later Dean of the School, serving between 2003 and 2009, Serwadda is also the founding director of the Rakai Health Sciences Programme (RHSP), which is one of Uganda’s most influential research initiatives on HIV. While acknowledging the many benefits Uganda has gained from global research collaborations, he cautioned that too many times, these partnerships remain transactional, shaped by donor priorities, bound to project cycles, and offering limited long-term value to local institutions once projects close.

Prof. Serwadda, himself a globally recognised and well-accomplished researcher, with over four decades of experience and numerous awards for his contributions to science and global health, observed that Ugandan partners are many times included in research projects for visibility rather than substance, often excluded from core roles such as Principal Investigators or from influencing agenda-setting, budget control, and authorship. “Partnerships are not an end in themselves; they exist to help us achieve mutually agreed objectives built on shared responsibility and reciprocal obligations. Too often, Southern institutions are brought into projects late, simply for optics. That is not equitable collaboration,” he insisted.

Prof. David Musoke Serwadda delivering his keynote address on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda. August 20, 2025. Workshop on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda, keynote address by Prof. David Musoke Serwadda,20th August 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Auditorium, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. David Musoke Serwadda delivering his keynote address on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda. August 20, 2025.

During his talk, he stressed that this imbalance undermines both research quality and sustainability, noting that normally, when local researchers are sidelined, studies often fail to align with national priorities or build capacity that endures. By contrast, partnerships that are grounded in mutual respect, fair resource sharing, co-design, and shared decision-making have the impact of producing knowledge that is globally relevant and locally impactful.

“Equity in partnerships is about fairness, ensuring that all partners, regardless of context, can contribute meaningfully. This also requires responsibility on our part in the Global South. We must insist on involvement from project conception, negotiate fair terms, and strengthen our own systems to manage collaborations effectively,” Prof. Serwadda advised, emphasising that strong institutions, clear strategy, agenda and objectives are key for local institutions to engage in mutually fair and beneficial research collaborations at the global and continental stage.

As Director and later Dean of MakSPH, Prof. David Serwadda spearheaded numerous research collaborations and attracted substantial grants that elevated the School and the University’s global standing. Today, MakSPH is recognised as Makerere University’s flagship unit for its wide-ranging partnerships and robust research management systems. Since its beginnings as a small Department of Preventive Medicine in 1954, through its transformation into the first Institute of Public Health in sub-Saharan Africa in 1975, its elevation to School status in 2007, and most recently its reinstatement as a standalone School with college status within Makerere University in January 2025, a status first granted in 2001, MakSPH has built a 70-year legacy of advancing public health through research, training, and policy engagement.

The School’s evolution, as often couched by its leadership, has been anchored on strategic and strong partnerships. These collaborations, be they local, regional or global, have driven health systems innovation, strengthened capacity, and informed policy, making partnerships the cornerstone of the School’s past achievements and future ambitions. At the celebration of the School’s 70th Anniversary, marked in December 2024, Makerere University Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe hailed MakSPH’s research output, community impact, and strong partnerships cultivated throughout the years. The Mak VC cited the School’s pioneering role in the HIV response led by Prof. Serwadda in the 1980s, the establishment of nutrition centres such as the Mwana Mugimu Unit at Mulago Hospital and across Uganda by the late Prof. John Kakitahi in the 1990s with support from Rotary International, and community projects like Kasangati Health Centre along Gayaza Road with support from the Rockefeller Foundation in the late 1950s, which advanced public education on healthy environments and wellness.

Current MakSPH building (left) and the new eight-storey facility under construction (right) near Eastern gate, Makerere University, developed through strong partnerships, including generous support from the American people via the USAID ASHA Program, to meet the School’s growing space and infrastructure needs.
Current MakSPH building (left) and the new eight-storey facility under construction (right) near Eastern gate, Makerere University, developed through strong partnerships, including generous support from the American people via the USAID ASHA Program, to meet the School’s growing space and infrastructure needs.

“The School of Public Health brings in almost half of all research grants at Makerere University, both in number and value, and these partnerships have been central to tackling Uganda’s public health challenges. From pioneering HIV/AIDS work that shaped global prevention strategies to interventions in maternal health, malaria, and infectious diseases, MakSPH has consistently combined academic excellence with community service. Its leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic further showed its ability to respond to national health emergencies with evidence-based solutions that directly benefit the people,” Prof. Nawangwe said with gratitude for the work done by the School through collaboration.

Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, exchanges documents with UNICEF Uganda Representative, Dr. Robin Nandy, during the signing of an MoU on August 14, 2025. The two-year renewable partnership seeks to advance child rights and well-being, a critical public health priority in Uganda.
Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, exchanges documents with UNICEF Uganda Representative, Dr. Robin Nandy, during the signing of an MoU on August 14, 2025. The two-year renewable partnership seeks to advance child rights and well-being, a critical public health priority in Uganda.

In 2024, the School had over 350 peer-reviewed publications in high-impact international journals as a result of this wide network and partnerships. MakSPH currently maintains a strong mix of North–South and South–South collaborations. Within the continent, the School is actively working in more than 25 countries, often partnering with multiple institutions within individual countries to advance research, capacity building, and policy influence. One such recent collaboration is the Partnership to Enhance Technical Support for Analytical Capacity and Data Use in Eastern & Southern Africa (PERSuADE) Project, funded by the Global Fund. Under PERSuADE, MakSPH, the prime grant recipient, hosted the secretariat led by Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze as Principal Investigator, tasked with overall coordination across 12 countries, while a Steering Committee chaired by Prof. David Serwadda provided oversight.

PERSuADE was implemented in two phases between 2018 and 2023. The project brought together 12 universities and 12 Ministries of Health in East and Southern Africa to strengthen analytical capacity and promote data use in national health programmes, cascading skills to districts and lower facilities. In its second phase, the project trained over 1,500 health staff, including 934 at the sub-national level, in data analysis and use, and generated more than 80 analytical outputs on HIV, TB, and malaria. These informed National Strategic Plans in seven countries and improved programme strategies in all 12. Sixteen in-service staff from seven countries received specialised training in HIV key population surveillance, health information systems, and data use. The project also piloted the Maturity Index Model in five countries, helping ministries track progress in institutionalising data-driven decision-making.

MakSPH team led by Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (centre, in red) with Dr. Estifanos Biru Shargie of the Global Fund (to her right) and other delegates at the PERSuADE II Regional Partners Meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, December 11–14, 2023. The meeting reinforced regional collaboration in strengthening data use and health systems.
MakSPH team led by Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze (centre, in red) with Dr. Estifanos Biru Shargie of the Global Fund (to her right) and other delegates at the PERSuADE II Regional Partners Meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, December 11–14, 2023. The meeting reinforced regional collaboration in strengthening data use and health systems.

In Uganda, the PERSuADE project was implemented in Kiboga, Buikwe, Kasanda, Mukono, and Mityana districts, selected by the Ministry of Health. According to the Principal Investigator, Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, strengthening data analysis and use has greatly enhanced the capacity of Ministries of Health to deliver targeted interventions that directly benefit communities. She noted that improved analytical skills at national and subnational levels now enable ministries to identify disparities in HIV, TB, and malaria burdens, while district and facility health workers can use data to strengthen local service delivery. “With better data, districts can plan more efficiently, allocate medicines, and implement tailored prevention campaigns to address specific risks, raise awareness, and reduce new infections,” she said, emphasising the role of equitable collaboration as a key success factor in Uganda and across the continent for this partnership.

Indeed, during a learning visit to Uganda in September 2024, Dr. Estifanos Biru Shargie, Senior Specialist for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Country Analysis at the Global Fund, commended the PERSuADE Project for strengthening local capacity and fostering sustainable health system improvements through South-South partnerships among schools and ministries. “The impact has been significant. In Kiboga, I was impressed by how teams mapped gaps in services and addressed them over four years, using data to inform decisions and monitor progress. Working with Makerere University School of Public Health has been an honour. The School blends academic excellence with practical implementation, backed by strong financial management and a long-standing relationship with the Ministry of Health. Their coordination, networking, and efficiency have been exemplary,” Dr. Shargie said.

Another currently ongoing initiative at the School is the African Leadership and Management Training for Impact in Malaria Eradication (ALAMIME) program, led by MakSPH with ten participating institutions across nine malaria-endemic countries, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-led by Prof. Elizeus Rutebemberwa and Prof. Dosithée Ngo Bebe, ALAMIME is cultivating the leadership Africa needs to defeat malaria by strengthening institutions, building capacity, and fostering regional networks. In 2024 alone, the program trained over 250 participants, nearly half women, from national malaria programs, ministries, and NGOs. Through structured training, alumni-led webinars, and cross-country exchanges, the program has demonstrated how equitable, multi-country partnerships translate investment into sustainable systems and shared momentum toward malaria elimination.

During MakSPH@70 celebrations in December 2024, Hon. Margaret Muhanga, State Minister for Primary Health Care, launched the School’s new five-year Strategic Plan alongside key partners from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and Makerere University leadership, including Council Chairperson Ms. Lorna Magara, Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, and Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze. The Plan places partnerships at the heart of MakSPH’s vision for public health impact and comes at a defining moment as the School regains standalone status within Makerere University.
During MakSPH@70 celebrations in December 2024, Hon. Margaret Muhanga, State Minister for Primary Health Care, launched the School’s new five-year Strategic Plan alongside key partners from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and Makerere University leadership, including Council Chairperson Ms. Lorna Magara, Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, and Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze. The Plan places partnerships at the heart of MakSPH’s vision for public health impact and comes at a defining moment as the School regains standalone status within Makerere University.

For nearly 15 years now, MakSPH has also hosted the NTU–Mak Partnership, a collaboration between Makerere University and Nottingham Trent University, first conceived in 2010, with Assoc. Prof. David Musoke and Prof. Linda Gibson as the Uganda and UK Co-Leads. One of the key reasons for the success of this partnership is equity, and it has since attracted over £1.4 million in grants, trained more than 900 Village Health Teams in Wakiso District, supported over 350 practitioners in antimicrobial stewardship, and facilitated exchanges for more than 200 students and faculty. It has also equipped community health workers to respond to non-communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and the COVID-19 pandemic, while generating over 30 peer-reviewed publications and convening global platforms such as the first International Community Health Worker Symposium, held in Kampala in 2017.

Dr. Musoke, the Co-Principal Investigator for the project on strengthening equitable research collaborations in Uganda, described the NTU-Mak partnership as a model North–South partnership that has produced both joint scholarship and lasting institutional ties. He noted that its success has inspired wider collaborations, as the current project on equitable partnerships builds on this foundation. Emerging from a British Academy regional workshop in Nairobi in 2024, MakSPH extended its engagement to Mountains of the Moon University (MMU), Uganda Martyrs University (UMU), and the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO). Together with Nottingham Trent University, these institutions are now advancing reforms to embed equity in research partnerships across Uganda’s research ecosystem.

Assoc. Prof. David Musoke, Mr. Awel Uwihanganye, and the MakSPH Equitable Partnerships Project Team during the workshop on equitable partnerships. August 20, 2025. Workshop on Strengthening Equitable Partnerships in International Research Collaboration in Uganda, keynote address by Prof. David Musoke Serwadda,20th August 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Auditorium, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assoc. Prof. David Musoke, Mr. Awel Uwihanganye, and the MakSPH Equitable Partnerships Project Team during the workshop on equitable partnerships. August 20, 2025.

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John Okeya

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Mak and UNICEF Uganda Sign MoU to Strengthen Child Rights through Research, Training, and Innovation

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The Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) and UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy (Left) show off the signed MoU on 14th August 2025. Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda have signed a Memorandum of Understanding that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation.

The agreement was signed on Thursday, 14 August 2025, by Makerere Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe and UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy in the Vice Chancellor’s Boardroom at Makerere’s Main Building.

The MoU enlists a focused collaboration on generating child-focused data and research to inform policy and program design, analyzing how health, nutrition, education, and protection initiatives affect children, and strengthening the social sector workforce through targeted training, curricula, and performance standards.

It also emphasizes knowledge management, wide dissemination of findings to stakeholders, policy and legislative advocacy for child rights, and active student engagement through internships, skilling opportunities, and communities of practice. The renewed partnership is designed to bolster evidence-based policy-making and drive program improvements that contribute to Uganda’s progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Makerere Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe expresses delight after signing the MoU. Photo by John Okeya Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Makerere Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe expresses delight after signing the MoU. Photo by John Okeya

“The signing of this MoU deepens Makerere’s long-standing commitment to the well-being of Uganda’s children and Africa’s future,” said Vice Chancellor Nawangwe. “I thank Dr. Nandy for his leadership and for the continued collaboration that will expand our capacity to deliver research with immediate, practical benefits for communities.”

UNICEF’s Dr. Nandy stressed that the partnership reflects UNICEF’s global mission to protect and promote every child’s rights while translating research into policy and action. He highlighted Makerere’s proven strength in research leadership as a critical asset in the effort to generate robust evidence for government decision-making and resource allocation.

UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy speaks to the press shortly after the signing of the MoU at Makerere University. Photo by John Okeya Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy speaks to the press shortly after the signing of the MoU at Makerere University. Photo by John Okeya

“This partnership shows our commitment to combine academic knowledge with practical results,” said Dr. Nandy. “Using Makerere’s research skills to create important information about child welfare issues and solutions, making sure that every project we start is based on solid data and aims to safeguard and support children’s basic rights.”

The partnership builds on Makerere University’s established research strengths and UNICEF’s global mandate to protect children. It complements longstanding collaborative work through Mak’s School of Public Health (MakSPH) and other faculties, reinforcing a broader university-wide commitment to evidence-based policy and community impact.

Since 2016, Makerere has participated in more than 30 UNICEF-supported research projects, which emphasize a deep mutual trust and shared mission. The Vice Chancellor noted that this history laid a robust foundation for the new MoU while also underlining opportunities to broaden collaboration beyond the health sector.

Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe and UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy with Makerere University faculty at the signing of the MoU. Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe and UNICEF Uganda Representative Dr. Robin Nandy with Makerere University faculty at the signing of the MoU.

Among the notable prior initiatives is MakSPH’s joint work with UBOS and UNICEF, supported by EU funding, on the first comprehensive Food Security and Nutrition Assessment in ten districts of Northern Uganda and the West Nile region (2019). The findings of this work informed targeted nutrition programs and strategies to combat malnutrition among vulnerable populations, shaping policy directions at local and national levels.

In 2023, MakSPH, in collaboration with the National Planning Authority (NPA) and UNICEF, along with FHI360 and the Ministry of Health, produced an updated Situation Analysis of Newborn Health in Uganda. The document has guided the ministry’s national strategy development, including costed investments to improve newborn health across the country.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of MakSPH, hailed the partnership as a continuation of a long-standing relationship, noting that UNICEF’s support was instrumental in establishing the Makerere University Centre of Excellence for Maternal Newborn & Child Health (MNCH) in 2013.

“It’s such a delight, a great honor to finally get to this event where we can formalize our partnership with UNICEF. The partnership between UNICEF and Makerere has been a long-standing one, and we have worked together for decades, which has driven critical research and informed national policies,” she said. She emphasized that both institutions share a passion for tackling adolescent health challenges, particularly early pregnancies and marriages, which remain persistent barriers to progress.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of MakSPH speaks to the press during the MoU Signing ceremony at Makerere University on Thursday. Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of MakSPH speaks to the press during the MoU Signing ceremony at Makerere University on Thursday.

The MoU extends collaboration beyond the School of Public Health. The Vice Chancellor noted productive partnerships across other departments, including the Department of Journalism and Communication and the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, emphasizing how diverse disciplines can contribute to evidence-based policy and community well-being.

Another important example is the Caring for the Caregiver (CFC) intervention led by the Makerere Institute of Teacher Education and Research (MITER) in the College of Education and External Studies (CEES). This was implemented in partnership with the Ministry of Health, UNICEF Uganda, and international partners. The evaluation examined caregiver emotional wellbeing, social support, and parenting stress in rural Uganda, contributing to the growing evidence base for nurturing care in resource-constrained settings.

Partnering for child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation. Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Partnering for child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation.

Also, the School of Statistics and Planning in the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) has partnered with UNICEF to tackle urgent socio-economic and public health challenges. A key example is the Socio-economic Impact Assessment of the 2022 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Mubende and Kassanda districts, which examined household-level shocks, community coping strategies, and the wider disruption of livelihoods. The study’s findings have informed national policy dialogue and action planning, emphasizing that there must be stronger preparedness measures.

According to the Vice Chancellor, the university’s broader engagement with UNICEF as a driver of research, innovation, and community outreach benefits children and families throughout Uganda.

For Dr. Nandy the partnership will support student involvement in real-world operational and programmatic work, creating pipelines for young scholars to contribute to child welfare initiatives.

Both parties expressed a shared vision of translating research findings into concrete actions that strengthen child protection and opportunities for learning and development. The collaboration is expected to yield new efforts for effective interventions, sharpen the policy dialogue, and catalyze scalable innovations that improve the daily lives of Uganda’s children.

Professor Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) and Dr. Robin Nandy (Left) shake hands after signing the MoU. Makerere University (Mak) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Uganda sign MoU that launches a two-year, renewable partnership aimed at advancing child rights and well-being through rigorous research, capacity building, and policy-driven innovation, CFC, MITER, CEES, MakSPH, 14th August 2025, Main Building, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Barnabas Nawangwe (Right) and Dr. Robin Nandy (Left) shake hands after signing the MoU.

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Davidson Ndyabahika

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Call for Abstracts: 2nd AI in Health Africa Conference

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Call for Abstracts: 2nd AI in Health Africa Conference. Deadline: 15th September 2025 11:59pm (EAT). Hosted by: Health AI for All Network, Makerere University AI Health Lab & Infectious Disease Institute, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The  2nd AI in Health Africa Conference set to be held 6th – 7th November invites researchers, policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and innovators to submit abstracts for our 2025 event! We’re excited to explore the incredible, transformative potential of AI in healthcare across Africa, with a keen focus on developing ethical, scalable, and context-specific solutions that truly make a difference.

Deadline15th September 2025 11:59pm (EAT)

Format: Structured abstract (max 300 words) – Background, Methods, Results & Conclusion.

Submissions should emphasize African contexts & solutions

Thematic Areas

  • AI Policy, Governance & Ethics in Healthcare
  • Localization & Contextualization of AI Solutions
  • AI Capacity Building for Health Practitioners
  • AI Integration in Healthcare Systems
  • Generative AI in Healthcare
  • Sustainable AI Business Models

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