Health
First-Ever Harmonized Health Facility Assessment by MakSPH and MoH Reveals Improvements in Uganda’s Overall Health Services
By Julius Tukacungurwa & Davidson Ndyabahika
The first ever Harmonized Health Facility Assessment (HHFA) jointly conducted by MakSPH and the Ministry of Health (MoH) has illuminated significant advancements in Uganda’s healthcare landscape. This ground-breaking survey, which serves as a robust benchmark for evaluating health services across the country, offers a comprehensive overview of service availability and readiness within Ugandan health facilities.
The HHFA, a successor to the esteemed Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool endorsed by the WHO, probes into four critical modules: service availability, service readiness, quality of care and safety, and management and finance.
Focusing initially on service availability and readiness, the HHFA embarked on a cross-sectional analysis of 642 facilities in April 2022, spanning National Referral Hospitals (NRHs), Regional Referral Hospitals (RRHs), General Hospitals (GHs), primary healthcare facilities at levels II, III, and IV.
The findings, while highlighting disparities in service availability and facility capacity across different healthcare sectors, underscore a promising trajectory towards enhancing overall health services nationwide.
Dr. Christopher Garimoi Orach, a Professor of Community Health at Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), led the team that conducted the survey. He presented the report which was subsequently launched by Uganda’s Minister of Health Hon. Dr. Jane Ruth Aceng Ocero on Tuesday 12th.March.2024 during the 10th Annual National Health Care Quality Improvement Conference at Imperial Resort Beach Hotel, Entebbe.
The findings of the HHFA report indicate that Reproductive Maternal Newborn Care and Adolescent Health (RMNACH) services were available in most health care facilities across the country. In Uganda, healthcare facilities offer a wide range of essential services, including pediatric care, antenatal and postnatal care, malaria prevention during pregnancy, and newborn care, with over 95% providing these services according to the report. Findings also show that continuous antenatal care is available in about 79% of facilities, while skilled delivery services are offered in 89%. Additionally, family planning, emergency obstetric care, immunization, and adolescent health services are widely accessible, with percentages ranging from 77% to 91%.
During the launch event, Dr. Aceng underscored the significant steps made by the health sector in meeting crucial performance benchmarks. These include a notable 47% reduction in Maternal Mortality between 2016 and 2022, a commendable 12% decrease in Under 5 Mortality over the same period, and a promising 7% decline in Infant Mortality rates as highlighted in the Uganda Demographic Survey (UDHS) Report 2022.
“As you might know, overall, the health sector has made good progress towards achieving the key performance indicator targets. I wish to appreciate each one of you for the job well done,” said Dr. Aceng.
Adding that; “The Ministry of Health continues to make big investments in the national health system. Mulago National Referral Hospital, Mulago Specialised Women and Neonatal Hospital, and several Regional Referral Hospitals have received infrastructure development including installation of modern medical equipment.
There is also deliberate effort to improve access to health service, delivery to the community through purposeful upgrade of some HC IIs to corresponding equipping and general review of the human resource requirements in the health sector. There is also deliberate effort to improve access to health services, delivery to the community through purposeful upgrade of some HC lIs to HC Ills with corresponding equipping and general review of the human resource requirements in the health sector.”
The also study highlights a significant increase in Uganda’s general service index, rising from 48% in 2018 to 59% presently. Utilizing a similar survey methodology, researchers observed notable improvements in the availability of health interventions across various domains. Particularly in Reproductive Maternal Adolescent Health services, higher provision rates were evident, especially at higher-level health facilities. Moreover, delivery assistance at Health Centres IIIs and above by skilled attendants has become standard practice, with nine out of ten cases receiving skilled care.
Immunization services have also witnessed widespread availability, notably in hospital settings. However, while all surveyed facilities now offer malaria treatment services, access to non-communicable disease management, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment, remains limited, and readiness to provide transportation services for community members in need is inadequate.
According to Professor Orach, the Ministry of Health should strengthen and improve diagnosis and treatment of cancers generally across the country, especially at the National and Regional Referral Hospitals so that many more people at community levels can access the services. He also notes that the Ministry needs to quickly do everything possible to strengthen the transportation systems for patients from communities to reach and access health services.
The research noted that salary enhancement is a step in the right direction for improving how health workers perform. “We need to enhance that by ensuring that, ‘the health system, which is a complex system’, when we enhance salaries, we still need to continue to monitoring the health workers, we still need to continue to provide other requirements for the performance of health services, like drugs should be available,” noted Professor Orach.
Adding that; “Transport should be available, other ways of ensuring that their performance can be up to the expected standard. So, in other words, that’s an important step and we must thank the government for what they’ve done here for we should still support them in other ways and monitor them closely to ensure, guidelines are available for services, that drugs are available, so that they can continue to provide good services.”
“Our findings also show that for instance, the private health practitioners are not carrying out a lot of immunization, but government health facilities and private not for profit facilities are providing immunization services. This means that the private health practitioners don’t focus on immunization since it may not be bringing them money, they sought the ministry to engage with them to ensure that they’re brought on board so that they can provide their services in an integrated manner,” he noted.
During the event, Associate Professor Peter Waiswa from the Health Policy, Planning and Management Department at MakSPH delivered a keynote address on ‘Understanding Health Systems Strengthening in a resource limited set-up.’ Professor Waiswa has had research work in maternal, new-born and child health in low and middle-income countries.
According to Dr. Diana Atwiine, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, this health facility assessment and report will significantly enhance MoH’s institutional capacity for strategic planning and policy development in Uganda’s health sector.
“The Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Team led by Prof. Christopher Garimoi Orach is appreciated for spearheading the entire process of undertaking the HHFA and developing the report. The MoH is very grateful for the diligent work well-done by the various actors that included the technical officers, research assistants and the administration staff to have the final report meticulously developed,” said Dr. Atwiine.
Dr. Henry G. Mwebesa, Director General of Health Services, emphasizes the pivotal role of robust health systems in achieving lasting health advancements. He underscores that the findings will facilitate the country’s ability to track health service progress, advancing towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This data supports evidence-based decision-making, fortifying national health system planning and policy-making.
“This HHFA report is recommended for use by the various key stakeholders including health service managers, district leaders, ministry of health officials, both government, private sector, civil society organizations and development partners at different levels to inform and improve planning and implementation of effective health services delivery in Uganda,” says Dr. Mwebesa.
Photos by Julius Tukacungurwa.
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