General
Scholars converge at Makerere University to review the 40 years of Neoliberalization in Uganda
Scholars met at Makerere University to review four decades of neoliberal transformation of Uganda, the role of universities as agents and the transformative character of the process.
The ’what to do’ question was one of the central points of discussion at the conference titled Uganda’s Neoliberalism at 40: Taking stock of the operation of an exemplary market society in East Africa held on 18th to 19th January, 2024. The conference, a collaborative effort among Makerere University, International University of Rabat, Morocco and the University of Leeds, United Kingdom was organised and steered by Dr Giuliano Martiniello (Rabat), Dr Sarah Ssali (Makerere), Dr Jörg Wiegratz (Leeds), Dr Rose Nakayi (Makerere) and Professor Godfrey Asiimwe (Makerere, Mountains of the Moon University). The conference organisers had previously collaborated as part of the work on the edited collection ‘Uganda: The Dynamics of Neoliberal Transformation’ which was published in 2018.
The conference gave particular focus to relevant developments in matters of political economy, politics, society and culture in Uganda’s market society since 2018. Speakers and participants were drawn from Uganda, UK, Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, France, Colombia, Egypt, South Africa, Denmark, Morocco, Canada and USA; across disciplines; including civil society leaders, journalists, intellectuals, grassroots activists, citizen researchers, as well as scholars and PhD students. More participants followed the discussions online on both conference days. The large gathering allowed for broad discussions and cross fertilisation of ideas on the various themes, connecting theory and practice within the Ugandan context.
The keynote was given by Professor Yash Tandon, a major figure in political and intellectual life in Uganda and beyond. Tandon positioned the conference in the historical context of Uganda and highlighted the imperialist roots of the neoliberal policies that are driving the restructuring agenda in Uganda today. The keynote panel brought together interventions by Professor John Jean Barya, Dr Martiniello and the public intellectual, writer and activist Kalundi Serumaga.
Papers were presented under panels on various themes such as labour, agricultural and environmental change, oil and energy transition, socio-cultural change, education, social policy state, elections and political agency. Several papers interrogated the pertinent neoliberal policies as drivers of problematic changes in various sectors such as oil and gas, education, health and housing, and in matters such as labour and labour unions. This stimulated debates on a key question: whether indeed there could be alternatives to the ongoing neoliberalisation of Uganda that seems to be unstoppable, across all realms of society.
Commentators on the papers included Dr Yusuf Serunkuma (Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg), journalist and activist Agatha Atuhaire. They reflected on the everyday life aspects and the deep politics of neoliberalism in Uganda and highlighted various forms of existing resistance and push back vis-à-vis neoliberal political economy. Winnie Byanyima (UNAIDS Executive Director) enriched the conference with her comments about global and local neoliberalism, and the importance of activism in the struggle for change in today’s Uganda: she raised the ‘what should we do?’ question on conference day one; which was picked up by subsequent speakers including in the conference’s closing speeches and discussions.
Issues arising from the conference included:
- Four decades into the neoliberal transformation of Uganda, the all-encompassing and transformative character of this process is evident. It was also noted that scholars have grappled with the analysis of some of these changes; mostly focusing on issues of governance, policy-making, military conflict, and state-building.
- Relatively little analytical attention has been given to major topics concerning the making and operation of today’s neoliberal Uganda, this exemplary market society in East Africa and the continent at large: this includes the political economy of neoliberal restructuring (including the roll-out of commercialisation across sectors and the rise to dominance of foreign TNCs), the political sociology of the formation of hegemonic and counter-hegemonic movements, and the political ecology of extractivism.
- The existence of significant gaps in the academic literature about the interlinkages among economic, political, sociological, ecological, legal and cultural processes in this highly consequential round of capitalist restructuring of the country: the phase that has locked-in a distinct capitalist institutional architecture for the foreseeable future.
- The question of how to contest, resist and change the existing neoliberal polity, economy and culture – i.e., the fundamentals of Uganda’s capitalism – is also not often analysed in much of the scholarship. And yet, the ‘what to do?’ question is prominent in the public debate in the country, given the manifold crises – across economic and social sectors – brought about by neoliberalisation.
The conference took place in a wider context in which universities have been recognized as agents of change in many societal spheres. They are moving away from the ‘ivory tower’ concept, where they are seen as occupying special places in terms of knowledge generation without much concrete connection to society and its everyday challenges. Instead, the change-oriented agency of today’s University is evident also in the offering of a platform to debate and generate ideas that can inform policy for change, and involvement in change-oriented projects with other stakeholders, public and private.
The conference thus aimed at providing a platform for analysing and debating various developments of Uganda’s neoliberalism since the early 1980s.
It is hoped that many papers presented at the conference will be developed further, subjected to peer review, and published to inform research and policy making in Uganda and beyond. The conference participants continue their networking and collaborations beyond the end of the conference.
The next conference on contemporary capitalism in Uganda is expected to be held in 2026. The conference was supported by the POLIS Strategic Investment Fund (SRIF) 2023/24 (University of Leeds). This grant also helped citizen researchers from northern Uganda to participate in the conference and present their research findings.
Organised by the Makerere Debating Union – a student-led initiative, the Inter-college Debate Tournament was held on 11th and 12th April 2025 with a vision to leave no student behind by nurturing a community of confident, articulate, and visionary leaders who will drive positive change in society. The tournament was held in three preliminary rounds, followed by semi-finals and a grand finale.
The first round covered democracy and youth participation in politics, while the second round covered inequality and wealth distribution, and the third, the ban on export of raw materials. The semi-final round debated apprenticeship for blue-collar jobs, while the grand finale debated national budget allocations for healthcare and education. In the spirit of inclusivity, all colleges, including the Jinja Campus participated in the tournament.
Commenting on the choice of topics, the organisers noted Makerere University as a bastion of academic excellence has a profound responsibility to cultivate the next generation of leaders who will shape the future of our nation. These leaders, they added, ought to be equipped with 21st century skills of self-expression, critical thinking, and problem-solving so as to navigate the complexities of an ever-evolving world.
On the whole, Makerere Inter-college Debates were conceived as a strategic initiative to foster a culture of intellectual curiosity, creativity, and innovation. The Debating Union aims to empower the future leaders by providing a platform for students to engage in respectful discourse, articulate their thoughts, as well as develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Furthermore, the Debates serve as a platform for not only honing the intellectual prowess of students but also cultivating leadership skills, teamwork, and communication abilities that are essential for success in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. It is envisaged that this initiative will have a lasting impact on the lives of students, by exposing them to debates on topical issues that can shape the mindsets of transformative leaders our nation needs.
After a thrilling two days of debate, Daphine Kemigisha and Jibril Ssekandi from the School of Law (SoL) emerged as winners of the Makerere University Inter-college Debate Tournament 2025, while Olara Emmanuel George from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB) was the Public Speech Champion, and Namujuzi Martha Mociita from the College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS) was the Poetry Champion.
The 2025 Tournament was organized by Mayanja Owen and Nkalubo Oprah – 91st Guild Representative Councils (GRCs) of the Debate Union, Akatwijuka Arthur – Chairperson Debate Union, and Debate Union Representatives from colleges. The Uganda National NGO Forum (UNNGOF) partnered with the Debate Union to deliver the 2025 edition.
Addressing students at the award ceremony, UNNGOF’s Mr. Derrick Baluuku encouraged the youth to step out of their comfort zones and think of solutions to inspire change in their communities.
By Moses Lutaaya
Prof. Mukadasi Buyinza –Ag. Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs) has challenged the academia and other professionals to focus their studies on original research that impacts communities and societies locally and globally.
“We want new things, if not new, it is a waste of resources. Be unique in your doctoral (PhD) thesis. Find solutions to societal and global challenges and problems.” Prof. Buyinza who is also the Academic Registrar said.
Prof. Buyinza said this, while giving his keynote address at the orientation program of PhD students for cohort two 2024/2025 at the Food Science Auditorium at Makerere University on Friday 2nd May 2025.
He challenged the students not to fear the new challenge ahead, encouraging them to always seek support. “Reach out to your supervisors and peers. Build formidable networks. Have a PhD group forum as this will enrich your learning and broaden your knowledge and skills.”, he said.
While taking on the tough journey of doctoral studies, Prof. Buyinza told the students to embrace a culture of curiosity, passion and analytical thinking that challenges and critics original thinking of other scholars.
He further encouraged the students to embrace open long-life learning as the academic world keeps evolving. He said, “To benefit from the PhD studies, be ready to continue learning and listen to the professional world so as to acquire a wealthy of experience.”
While pursuing their PhD studies, Prof. Buyinza told the students to balance their doctoral studies with work and life saying, “Take care of your physical and social being. Be resilient and patient to avoid mental breakdown.”
In a related development, the Makerere university librarian Dr. Ruth Nalumaga challenged the students to take advantage of the university library resources while pursuing their doctoral studies.
“The university library has all the books you need to read and pass. Let us utilize it to its full potential. All libraries are always open to all of you.” She added.
The orientation program organised by the Directorate of Graduate Training is an initiative that opens a new academic chapter for all incoming PhD students, aimed at equipping the learners with the required tools of trade.
The Director Graduate Training (DGT) Prof. Julius Kikooma while addressing the incoming PhD students said that in the next five years, Makerere University has targeted achieving 30% of students enrolment on graduate training especially graduate studies. Its current enrolment is 19.4%.
“Initially, we used to have one intake for PhD students a year, we now have two intakes. Our focus is to have over 30% of the university students pursuing doctoral degrees.” Prof. Kikooma said.
On admissions, Prof. Kikooma noted “Currently once admitted, you now become a full PhD student. In the old system, one would be admitted provisionally and would be required to take over 6 months doing a proposal with an assigned supervisor which would be admissible to the PhD program.”
To achieve the 30% enrolment of graduate students, Prof. Kikooma noted that the University had undertaken numerous policy changes to guide graduate research and more specifically doctoral research.
Amongst which, he highlighted a new University research agenda with 9 (nine) priority areas including working with key government departments and engaging in research that solves society challenges.
He noted that in a knowledge economy, transformation of societies and communities is vital, noting that this can only be achieved by increasing the number graduate students.
Under the orientation theme, “Defining tomorrow, supporting doctoral students and shaping the future”, Prof. Kikooma emphasised to the PhD students that PhD is a life changing journey, and it is a turning point for their career and personal growth.
He noted to the students that the Directorate of Graduate Training was ready to guide all of them throughout their entire PhD process, “You all have the potential and once registered, you will have the support of our experienced staff. Makerere University is happy to be part of your academic journey and believes this will be a rewarding experience.” Prof. Kikooma added. Makerere University, Uganda’s oldest and biggest education institution received over 534 PhD applications in different disciplines and only 171 students were admitted for cohort II of the Academic Year 2024/2025.
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