Health
Makerere & Johns Hopkins Universities Release Report on Speed and Helmet Use in Kampala
Published
2 years agoon

Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) and the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit (JH-IIRU) have launched the status summary report 2023; Road Risk Factors for Kampala, Uganda, in partnership with Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and Vital Strategies.
The report was launched at Hotel Africana in Kampala on January 16, 2024. It delineates key findings, including the average speed of speeding vehicles at a high average of 57km/hr, higher speeds on roads partially accessible to pedestrians compared to roads freely accessible to pedestrians. Also, helmet usage remains low among motorcyclists and is almost non-existent among passengers, contributing to a rise in accidents and fatalities since 2020.
There has been a variable trend in the reported numbers of deaths and serious injuries since 2018. Specifically, in 2022, there was a 1% increase in reported deaths compared to 2021, while serious injuries witnessed a 4% decrease during the same period.
In 2018, a total of 294 death were recorded, 315 recorded in 2019 while 236 were recorded in 2020. In 2021, there were 419 road traffic death and 425 recorded in 2022. Motorcyclists accounted for nearly half (49%) of the reported deaths followed by pedestrians made up 44% of deaths. In a bid to improve road safety by providing quality data, the research the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS) made roadside observations on speed and helmet use in Kampala City.
The researchers made six observation rounds citing 500,000 for speed and 600,000 cyclists to determine helmet use. The results, based on data collected between February 2021 and October 2023 indicate that the mean speed among speeding vehicles was high mostly among sport utility vehicles (SUVs) at 10%, sedans/saloons at 9%, minibuses/minivans at 8), and pickup/light trucks at 7%. Five percent of the observed vehicles were exceeding the posted speed limit.

Speeding in Kampala
Presenting findings, Mr. Bonny Balugaba, a Researcher based at the Trauma, Injuries and Trauma Unit of MakSPH noted that the international best practices for speed management recommend a safe speed of 30 km/h on roads where conflicts between cars and unprotected users are possible. Also, 50 km/h speed is recommended at intersections where side-on conflicts between cars may occur. This is particularly applicable in urban areas.

“If in Kampala we are seeing 57km/h speed, it means that we are way above the recommended speed limits and we know that beyond 40km/h, the chances of survival of someone that has been knocked are very minimal,” says Balugaba.
The researchers recommend enforcing a 50 km/h speed limit in metropolitan areas and a 30 km/h limit in places where motorized traffic interacts with bikes and pedestrians. In order to safeguard vulnerable road users, particularly the Ministry of Works and Transport and the Kampala Capital City Authority, it suggests implementing speed-calming techniques including bumps and signage as well as designating low-speed areas.
Investigators further advise the Kampala Metropolitan Traffic Police to increase enforcement, especially on local roads and on vehicles such as SUVs, sedans, pickup trucks, minibuses on routes with limited pedestrian access. It is recommended that public awareness campaigns and enforcement measures regarding the dangers of speeding be regularly monitored and evaluated to ensure continued efficacy.
Balugaba noted; “Mass media is good but if you are telling me the dangers of speed but am not apprehended on speed then it tends to entertainment. You come, entertain me with your campaign and adverts and go away but you are not enforcing.”

Helmet Use in Kampala
Helmet use compliance among motorcyclists was notably low at 39%, and even lower for passengers at 2%. This trend persisted on both local and collector roads (39%) and arterial roads (40%). During weekends, helmet use dropped by 20%. Ride-share motorcycle drivers, particularly Safe Boda, exhibited the highest compliance at 84%, surpassing commercial motorcycle drivers (50%), taxi drivers (55%), and private/government motorcycle users (55%).
From 2020 to 2022, 210 motorcycle occupants and 185 pedestrians lost their lives. Notably, 40% of pedestrian fatalities resulted from collisions with cars, SUVs, or pickups, whereas 36% of motorcycle deaths were attributed to accidents involving other motorcycles.
“We saw that only 2% of the motorcycles are using helmets. This really means that the situation is still bad. We need to put in place measures knowing that helmets save those that are wearing them,” says Balugaba.

Adding that while four of every 10 riders are wearing a helmet but less than one in every 10 passengers has a helmet. “is it that passengers have harder heads than riders? That in case they are involved in a crash, they don’t get affected? These are issues we need to work on.”
While sharing the data outcomes, Dr Raphael Awuah, the African Regional Advisor on Data and Surveillance for Vital Strategies notes that while many of the cities in Africa, pedestrians constitute the majority fatalities, this is different for Kampala. “For most parts of Africa, we see that pedestrians account for most fatalities. However, in Kampala, this is not the case. We see that majority of the deaths are among the motorcyclists and this trend has been observed since 2018. So clearly this emphasizes the need to prioritize the vulnerable road users in Kampala particularly motorcyclists and pedestrians.”

The top five locations for pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries from 2019 to 2022 are high-capacity roads: Kampala Road, Jinja Road, Bombo Road, Entebbe Road, and Masaka Road.
The distribution of motorcycle fatal crash locations does not exhibit any clear pattern, but there is a noticeable concentration on high-capacity highways. Kampala Road, Masaka Road, Bombo Road, Kisaasi Road, and the Northern Bypass are the top five places.
“While it is true that these are high capacity roads, speeding is probably one of the causes of fatalities. I hope we will use this data to inform the discussions, actions, plans, strategies to reduce the outcomes that I have just shared,” observed Dr Raphael Awuah.
The Kampala Metropolitan Traffic Police has been urged to increase the enforcement of proper helmet use, with a focus on passengers, taxis, and commercial motorbikes on arterial, local, and collector roads all week round. Also, KCCA and the Ministry of Works and Transport may want to start public awareness programs promoting the appropriate use of helmets and advocate for sanctions and fines for improper helmet wear in conjunction with coordinated increased enforcement.

“This is about behavioral change. It is extremely difficult. We are all humans. All of us know that speeding is bad for us but when we get behind the wheel, we will still try to speed. All of us know that wearing a helmet will protect our heads, but only 2% of us wear helmets when we are riding on a motorcycle. So what else is needed? Yes, knowledge is important, it is important to tell people why they should be putting on these helmets and the consequences they will face if they don’t wear them but it is also important to have reinforcing mechanism. Yes, mass media campaigns are important but equally important is visible and widespread enforcement,” explained Dr. Abdulgafoor Bachani, Director of JH-IIRU.

On his part, Dr. Fredrick Oporia said “Road safety is an issue of concern to everyone. To improve this safety, we must have high-quality data on the risk factors and share it with our stakeholders. Most importantly, we need local stakeholders who are charged with making laws and policies for the country because this is a systems issue that calls for systems thinking. We must involve the local to get the attention of the international.”
SP. Michael Kananura, spokesperson, Traffic and Road Safety Directorate, Uganda Police Force says there is a regulation on helmet use targeting not only riders but also passengers, although he acknowledges challenges with enforcement. He calls on the public support these public health and road safety measures.

“We really appreciate our colleagues from MakSPH and the rest for this work and the academia generally for the work you are doing in as far as research is concerned and also being able to share with us this data. We also use this data to improve in our enforcements. It guides us on areas of improvement and prioritization. The data really is so helpful to us and we also continue to work to see how we can improve in that area. We have a unit in traffic directorate that is for enforcement basically,” SP Kananura.
Comments from KCCA leadership
Hon. Kizza Hakim Sawula, the lord councilor from Lubaga and Executive Secretary and a Minister for Works and Physical Planning –KCCA noted that one of the causes of this these accidents in the capital city is the poor-quality roads that wear out easily with numerous potholes and the meagre maintenance budget appropriated by parliament to the city authority.

“Can you imagine that each kilometer of the road within Kampala is constructed at an average cost of 14 billion shillings. For the last three budgets, we were getting 78bn but but in the current budget, we received only 43 billion shillings for the entire capital, for the entire financial year for roads, drainages and traffic lights. How many kilometers are we looking at? 3 kilometers for a financial year, 43 billion shillings?
We used to get Shs26 billion from the national road fund, for road maintenance every financial year. You can confirm from the mayors and load counselors here. This time around, we received only 11 billion for all the maintenance. Now, what do we expect out of that money? So, the task is upon the members of the Parliament to improve on the budget. We have 2,110 kilometers of roads within Kampala. Only 654 kilometers are paved, when shall we complete the entire balance? So, we need a budget, enough budget from the members of parliament. When we talk to MPs they only talk about loans we get from development partners which is usually for new roads,” explained Hon. Sawula.
Concerned, Nakawa Division Mayor, Paul Mugambe said it was disheartening that many people continue to lose their lives prematurely. He cited that not every death is predetermined by the Lord. “Driving at excessively high speeds, and resulting in a crash is not the Lord’s decision. Many individuals lose their lives prematurely due to reckless behavior, and it’s truly regrettable.”

Mr. Mugambe urged Police to use the evidence provided to improve on the enforcement of road traffic laws and regulations.
Prof. Elizeus Rutebemberwa, the Deputy Dean, MakSPH thanked the Bloomberg Philanthilopies “for supporting us to help ourselves” and the JH-IIRU for the technical support to the TRIAD unit, the university and many partners. He also noted that the urban population in Uganda is steadily increasing and called for proactive and inclusive urban planning.

“From 2012, the urban population was 20%. In 2022, which is one year and a half ago, it was 26%. So, one in four people in Uganda were in urban areas. Now in 2040 it is estimated that 33 million would be living in urban areas and that would be 46%. So, it’s not getting better, it’s getting worse. So, we need to manage our urban areas so that people don’t shift from the rural areas to come to die in urban areas,” said Prof. Rutebemberwa.
He called on government and the city authority to fast-track mass transport systems to reduce congestion on the roads. “Look at the traffic that come to Kampala. They are in private cars and each one is carrying one person. In very few cases, two people. Now, if you have all those cars for one kilometre stretch, you could actually park all those people in one bus. And you have all space and you reduce the pollution, why should this be difficult for people to know that. For you to have an organized urban area, you need mass transport. You don’t need to research to know that. So why don’t we have them? Some of these things, some of them we talked about in the national drive, dedicated walk lanes.
According to Becky Bavinger, from the public health area of Bloomberg Philanthropies, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for people aged 5 to 29. She mentioned that the fatalities from road traffic are at a crisis level in Uganda.

“I want to say this again. This is the leading cause of death. It’s not HIV. It’s not tuberculosis. It’s real traffic injuries for people aged 5 to 29. Those are the young people. We had the mayor talking about the economic impact as well. These are young people going to school, getting trained, coming back into your workforce, starting out in the workforce, and you’re losing their lives. There’s a forthcoming research from the Road Safety Coalition Uganda looking at the loss of GDP from road traffic injuries. In 2017, your government reported 3,500 deaths. The WHO estimated it was double that at about 6,000. It has gone up. In 2021, your government reported 4,159 deaths. Again, the WHO estimated it was about double that at 7,300. This is not good. This is a crisis and we need everyone working together on it,” Ms. Bavinger said.
She noted that Bloomberg Philanthropies will be working over these next two years with KCCA and with the government of Uganda to institutionalize data collection and the surveillance of road traffic injuries and deaths to improve its accuracy.

“These data are critical to forming your decision making. I just want to conclude by saying congratulations to Makerere University, to Johns Hopkins University, but ultimately to KCCA for launching this report, for conducting this research and this is not easy research to conduct. To the stakeholders, use these data. Please, please do not go home and put this report on your shelf. Look through it. Talk to the journalist. Get the media to write stories about this, let everyone know what is happening,” said Bavinger.
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Health
International Coordination Office Newsletter, Issue 1 Jan–Jun 2025
Published
4 hours agoon
November 28, 2025By
Mak Editor
Dear Readers
We welcome you to our first edition of the international academic mobility newsletter from Makerere University College of Health Sciences. In this edition, we share the highlights of various academic mobility programs at MakCHS, experiences of several students and staff who have been able to travel, study and experience new cultures and skills aimed at increasing their competitiveness in the Global market. We also share challenges and improvements to improve student and staff academic mobility experiences.
Internationalization of higher education is defined by the OECD (1999) as the integration of an international/intercultural dimension into all the activities of a university, including teaching, research and service functions. This is in line with the Makerere University vision 2030 to become a research-led university. This cross-border movement of faculty in higher education has been attracting scholarly attention for decades since knowledge is borderless (Shen et al., 2022). Therefore, internationalization increases global higher education and impacts the world university rankings, with a goal of increasing international recruitment of the best and brightest students and scholars. These international academic mobilities offered at MakCHS involve a broad range of activities like attending conferences, visiting research partners abroad and longer stays in other countries for research purposes.
MakCHS has many academic partners with long-standing bilateral relations and agreements that go beyond academic mobility and thus has overtime developed procedures and quality control mechanisms to support academic mobility. The coordination of these academic mobilities is handled at the International Coordination Office. The office is also responsible for the administration and making sure that students and faculty have a memorable experience. It is also responsible for monitoring and reporting tasks and managing the organizational support and coordination, incoming participants’ comprehensive insurance coverage, registrations, social activities and guided city tours for incomings etc.
We look forward to learning with you, celebrating progress, and charting our next steps—together, as we build for the future.
Enjoy your reading
Dr. Mark Kaddumukasa
Associate Professor
PROGRAM DIRECTOR
View the newsletter using the link below:
ICO Newsletter 2025 Issue 1
Health
IDI launches the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security in Africa
Published
20 hours agoon
November 27, 2025By
Eve Nakyanzi
On 27th November 2025 the Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveiled the second cohort of fellows—marking a significant step forward in strengthening global health security across the region. The cohort brings together five exceptional emerging scientists whose research areas reflect the continent’s most urgent health priorities. They include Mr. Dickson Aruhomukama in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR); Dr. Rodgers Ayebare in Case Management, Infection Prevention and Control; Mr. Julius Okwir in Epidemic Intelligence and Community Health; Dr. Robert Zavuga in Vaccines and Medical Counter Measures; and Ms. Phionah Tushabe in Planetary Health, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). Their selection marks a new chapter in nurturing homegrown expertise capable of safeguarding Africa’s health systems for generations to come.
The Acting Vice Chancellor, Prof. Sarah Ssali while presiding over the event emphasized the significance of launching the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security as a milestone not only for IDI but for Makerere University and the continent at large. She highlighted the urgency of strengthening Africa’s capacity to predict, prevent, and respond to emerging epidemics, noting the rapid rise in zoonotic disease outbreaks and the persistent weaknesses exposed by crises like Ebola and COVID-19. She celebrated the legacy of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo and the scholars shaped by his leadership, stressing that the program embodies the university’s commitment to producing transformative health leaders grounded in multidisciplinary expertise and One Health principles.

She also called for stronger collaboration across colleges—particularly with the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB)’s Center for Biosecurity and the College of Health Sciences (CHS) to ensure that scarce scientific resources are fully utilized and that future health professionals are prepared for an evolving global landscape. In closing, she reaffirmed Makerere University’s dedication to advancing research excellence, nurturing responsible stewardship, and upholding the values that define the Sewankambo legacy.

The Academic Registrar Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi also conveyed his heartfelt congratulations to IDI and Prof. Nelson Sewankambo upon this remarkable milestone. He reflected on his recent engagements with the Institute—most notably the launch of the African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics—and expressed his admiration for the world-class research emerging from IDI, including publications in leading journals such as The Lancet and Nature. He noted that Makerere takes great pride in IDI’s work across multiple initiatives, from THRiVE to ongoing research collaborations, and wished the newly launched fellows a rewarding and impactful journey in research.
The Deputy Principal CHS, Prof. Richard Idro congratulated the new cohort and welcomed them into what he fondly referred to as “the cookhouse,” where future scientific leaders are shaped. Drawing from his own formative encounters with Prof. Nelson Sewankambo, he reflected on the deep mentorship culture that has defined generations of clinicians and researchers at Makerere—sharing stories of being challenged, supported, and pushed toward excellence. He reminded the fellows that their research will influence health policy and clinical practice far beyond individual patients, carrying long-term implications for national and global health.

Prof. Idro also acknowledged the critical challenges facing clinical disciplines, especially the constraints of promotion pathways that disadvantage highly skilled specialists without PhDs. He appealed for reforms to safeguard the future of key fields like anesthesia and surgery. Closing his remarks, he celebrated the College’s 100-year legacy, expressed gratitude for the university’s continued support, and invited alumni and partners to contribute ideas that will shape the next century of innovation, training, and service.
Dr. Charles Olaro, the Director General of Health Services, highlighted the essential role of academia in strengthening Uganda’s global health security, noting how recent outbreaks—from COVID-19 to Ebola—have revealed both the country’s progress and remaining gaps. He emphasized that programs like the Sewankambo Training Program are vital for building resilient health systems, advancing research, and shaping policies that can respond swiftly and effectively to public health threats.

Reflecting on the strong collaboration between the Ministry of Health and institutions such as Makerere University and IDI, he pointed out how research emerging from academia continually informs national policy, including work presented at recent conferences on non-communicable diseases and community health. Dr. Olaro congratulated the new cohort, reminding them that their work carries significant responsibility, as their research and leadership will influence health outcomes far beyond individual clinical care. He also underscored the need for stronger regional capacity, improved emergency response systems, and sustained mentorship to ensure that communities across Uganda—and the region—benefit from timely, coordinated outbreak preparedness.
In his address, Prof. Nelson Sewankambo commended the achievements of the first cohort and challenged the new fellows to uphold—and even surpass—the high standards already set. Reflecting on the rigorous selection process, he reminded the cohort that they were chosen because they demonstrated exceptional promise in a highly competitive field. He noted that the launch of this program comes at a particularly critical moment, as Africa CDC has just established a new Division for Health Security and Sovereignty, even as global financing for health research continues to decline. This, he said, makes the commitment to sustaining the program both bold and necessary.

Prof. Sewankambo also addressed concerns about the future of clinical scholars at Makerere, arguing that rigid promotion policies risk driving away talented specialists who are vital to the university’s mission. Emphasizing that “it is wise people who change direction when it is necessary,” he urged university leadership to protect pathways that allow clinicians to grow, serve, and undertake PhDs without being pushed out of the system. His message underscored both the responsibility carried by the new fellows and the collective duty to safeguard the future of medical education and research.
Dr. Andrew Kambugu, Executive Director (ED) of IDI, warmly welcomed all guests and reflected on the Institute’s long-standing culture of adaptation and innovation in response to Africa’s evolving health challenges. He celebrated the presence of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo—honoring his legacy as a founder, mentor, and active research collaborator—and acknowledged the strength of Cohort One as a living example of what the program can produce.

The ED emphasized that the Sewankambo Program stands on three pillars: rigorous selection, structured support with clear accountability, and strong alignment with national health priorities. He reminded the new fellows that IDI itself was born from the principle “adapt or perish,” and urged them to carry forward that spirit as they confront emerging threats like antimicrobial resistance and disease outbreaks across the continent. He also reflected on the power of mentorship, sharing personal experiences that illustrated how deeply mentorship can shape a scientific career. In closing, he expressed confidence that the five new fellows will honor the name they bear and continue building a legacy that inspires future generations.
Prof. Harriet Mayanja-Kizza reminded the newly selected fellows that while this achievement is significant, it marks only the beginning of a demanding but deeply meaningful journey. She expressed pride in the diversity of the cohort—drawn from ten African countries—and noted with delight that one of the brightest candidates emerged from the smallest country represented.

Reflecting on the evolution of impactful careers, she encouraged young people to embrace emerging fields such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, AI, molecular biology, and biostatistics, which she believes will define the future of science and global health. Prof. Mayanja spoke passionately about the diseases the fellows will tackle, highlighting the severe threat of antimicrobial resistance, the persistent burden of malaria, the dangers of resurfacing viral infections, and the transformative power of immunization. She urged the fellows to stay grounded, stay committed, and embrace the modern, data-driven tools now shaping global health research. In closing, she celebrated their potential to make a global impact and welcomed them formally into a field where their work will shape healthier futures for generations to come.
Prof. Ponsiano Ochama, one of the pioneers from the first cohort, reflected on the journey of the Sewankambo clinical scholarship from its early days in the “cookhouse” to the strong, structured program it has become. He recounted how the scholarship began as a mentorship-driven initiative aimed at nurturing future researchers and how sustained advocacy eventually removed barriers that once limited clinical scholars’ progression.

Prof. Ochama shared the impactful work he and his colleagues have since undertaken—highlighting, for example, a national study on hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission that shaped recent Ministry of Health policy. He encouraged the incoming cohort to embrace the program fully, assuring them that the “cookhouse” experience will transform them into strong, skilled scientists whose work will influence health policy and improve lives across the country.
Dr. Byonanebye Dathan, Deputy Head of the Global Health Security Department, outlined the strong rationale behind the Sewankambo Global Health Security Program, noting Africa’s rising burden of zoonotic and viral hemorrhagic fevers and the continent’s limited capacity for early detection and response. He emphasized that despite competing health priorities—HIV, TB, malaria, maternal health—there remain significant gaps in surveillance systems, workforce capacity, and research preparedness.

The program, he said, is designed to fill these gaps by strengthening research training, developing a skilled outbreak response workforce, and building a network of experts across Africa capable of generating evidence that directly informs policy and improves health systems. Dr. Dathan highlighted the rigorous selection process, the program’s alignment with WHO and national public health frameworks, and its integration of emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning. He affirmed that the fellows will receive structured mentorship, leadership development, and hands-on experience using existing data and real-world outbreak response systems—ensuring that their work leads not only to publications, but to meaningful impact across the continent.
Dr. Francis Kakooza, Acting Head of Global Health Security, traced the remarkable evolution of IDI’s Global Health Security work over the past decade, from its early CDC-funded surveillance efforts in 2015 to its expansion into biosecurity, AMR, epidemic research, policy development, and regional outbreak support. He highlighted IDI’s role in major national initiatives—including COVID-19 response, vaccination rollouts, risk management, lab accreditation, and the establishment of Regional Emergency Operations Centers—as well as its growing continental footprint through partnerships with Africa CDC, Mastercard Foundation, and Resolve to Save Lives.

Dr. Kakooza emphasized that the launch of the Prof. Nelson Sewankambo Global Health Security PhD Program is the culmination of years of investment in strengthening African research capacity and supporting fellows whose work is already shaping policy. He expressed gratitude to all partners, mentors, and leaders who contributed to the program’s development, acknowledged the rigorous selection that yielded five fellows from ten countries, and reaffirmed IDI’s commitment to nurturing a new generation of scientists equipped to protect the continent from infectious disease threats.

Health
Sanger Prize 2026: Call for Applications Open
Published
4 days agoon
November 24, 2025By
Mak Editor
The Sanger Prize 2026 is now open for applications, and will be until the 9th January 2026. Further details and a link to the application form can be found here: https://www.sanger.ac.uk/about/study/the-sanger-prize-competition-2026/
The main Sanger Prize page has been updated with additional information and testimonials from previous winners, please do take a look at it here: https://www.sanger.ac.uk/about/study/the-sanger-prize/
The Sanger Prize presents a wonderful opportunity for genomics students in low and middle income countries, therefore the prize administrators are keen for the application information to reach as many eligible people as possible.
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