Business & Management
17 Government Fisheries officials skilled on Bio-Economics of Fisheries Management
Seventeen (17) fisheries experts from the Uganda’s districts of Kampala, Mukono, Masaka. Wakiso and Jinja have been retooled on the bio-economics of fisheries management . The two days training (15th-16th March 2023) held at Makerere University was facilitated by Africa’s and Ghanaian renowned Professor of environmental economics, Wisdom Akpalu.
Prof. Wisdom was invited by the EfD-Mak centre to come and provide training on bio-economics of fisheries management to fisheries officers in Uganda. Prof. Wisdom is the centre Director of EfD Ghana but also the member of the coordination committee of the entire EfD Network and member of the capacity development committee of the EfD Network but also, the leader of the Blue resources for development- a collaborative program within the EfD Network where fisheries fall.
Government fisheries officials were retooled on different aspects including the cost, revenue and profit in fisheries economics, growth functions in fisheries, property rights and resources extraction, policy instruments to regulate overfishing. Other aspects were dynamic equilibrium and the concept of shadow value, destructive fishing practices, resource use externalities and the performance of capture fisheries in Africa.
The training was officially opened by the Principal College of Business and Management Sciences Assoc. Prof. Eria Hisali who congratulated the centre Director for organizing this training and other initiatives adding that, they are important because they add to our visibility as a a college and university and it also takes us to the government and other agencies out there.
Prof. Hisali noted that Fisheries and fish related products are among and still remain among the five leading exports from Uganda while Africa is one of the two continents where the big proportion of the population still lives directly of the fishing activities and Natural resources in general.
“Our concern then, is the way these activities are being undertaken is not sustainable we risk depleting these resources because of population pressure, and unsustainable practices and once that happens it threatens our existence of our continent but also as countries because if we deplete resources and yet we are living directly of the same, then everyone should be starting to imagine what will happen.
What will happen is untold suffering but also direct conflict for the little resources that would have remained and disintegration of countries and societies” he decried
The Principal challenged all participants to look at the strategic importance of the lessons to be undertaken in the two days
“This intervention that the center is undertaking to share insights on how best we can sustainably use these resources becomes very important for the very survival of our countries. I want you to look at this training as a very important one because it speaks of the very basis of our survival as a country and continent”, Prof. Hisali stressed.
Prof. Hisali advised participants to form a network which should go deeper into ideas given by Prof. Wisdom, contextualize them and ensure they are fully applicable to the Ugandan situation and begin influencing sustainable practices and policy.
“Some civil servants at your level tend to under look themselves. You are extremely powerful and you can influence so many things. So go with that confidence and come up with suggestions that are practical, make sense and that can be implemented.
As a university and specifically the center, Hisali pledged full availability to work closely with the fisheries experts and to convene in case they have ideas to work through the nitty gritties and contribute own insights .Prof. Hisali also pledged that the university will equally be available in terms of creating platforms for the works that fisheries experts do to engage wth policy makers.
As they integrate lessons and experiences and insights, and as they develop materials for policy advocacy, the principal implored participants to get back to working places and pass on the message to build capacity in institution to have a critical mass of public servants and members of the community who have a different perspective on the way of handling natural resources and understanding the implications of mismanagement of resources.
“History will judge extremely harshly if we don’t take the necessary actions today to ensure that the next generation of the people in our continent live a better and more meaningful life”
The Principal thanked Prof. Wisdom Akpalu for making time to come to Uganda and Makerere University in particular to share the knowledge, skills and experiences from Ghana, expressing the need for opening up to share cross country comparisons to learn from one another on the basis of areas with commonalities.
Knowledge on the biology and economics of fisheries management critical for practitioners.
Prof. Wisdom Akpalu observed that Africa has very few people who have the expertise in combining the biology and economics of fisheries management which has made fisheries management difficult and unattractive because decision makers usually want to hear about money, stocks have declined, how to improve stocks and how much can be got if stocks are improved, the social economic implications when stocks are improved and cost involved.
So, by bringing the biology and economics together one is able to paint a much better picture that is more appreciated by policy makers.
“The message is clear. We cannot manage what do not know. We cannot manage if we do not have some level of technical knowledge of how the fisheries operate and it is not sufficient to just have knowledge of the biology of fish the size, movement etc”, Wisdom stated.
Wisdom described Fisheries as an interesting area because it has so many dimensions that requires one to understand both the biology that is, how the fish grows, the thresholds in nature that you cannot harvest beyond a certain threshold or else the stock can collapse. And then you have to add the dimension of economics that when these fishes are harvested, they are harvested for economic and social reasons, as a source of food and also sold in the market that brings in the issue of cost, revenue and how does these influence the way we manage the resource.
“By providing them this knowledge, they now have a better sense of how to bring the knowledge in the biology and economics together to distinguish between concepts such as maximum sustainable yield which is the maximum quantity of fish that we can catch on a yearly basis and maximum economic yield which is the quantity to catch to generate the highest economic benefit.
Usually, the maximum economic yield may be lower than the maximum sustainable yield which means to make a lot of money, or to make the highest possible profit from the fisheries, you may have to deploy a lesser level of effort than you are aiming to catch the maxim you can catch on a yearly basis for society to consume”. The professor explained.
He further explained that sometimes the biology will recommend catching up to maxim yield but, the economics may recommend to restrict the catch because when you catch all, the profits you make is lower. If you reduce the catch at a lower level, other things have to come in, the social consideration, whether fishing for profit or other reason and how to incorporate those reasons in the basic model so as to appreciate things beyond economic gains or pure profits from economics.
Prof. Wisdom commended the participants for the active participation and ability to grasp the subject matter.
“I have been quite impressed. When I was coming, I knew they were going to be faculty graduate students etc. Only to see practitioners, people who were in the field doing fisheries work . I was wondering whether they are a cut for a course like this. But to my surprise, with all the concepts that I had to go through they were very comfortable.
“They showed the clear understanding of the concept and they were looking for more and when I gave exercises they did it clearly and gave me the answers. It has been quiet impressive and it shows that they have potential and the zeal, they have the interest and they will put what they have learnt to practice”. He appreciated.
Prof. Wisdom encourage the university to continue with this type of collaboration adding that the EfD Network within the continent has a lot expertise and potential that can be harnessed for the benefit of individual countries and the continent.
“With this type of interaction we share knowledge and sometimes we tend to undervalue this knowledge that we share but I believe that if we have to change things for better for the continent, we have to begin to make use of our expertise and experiences in a platform like this.
Today, it is bio-economics of fisheries management and next time it should be something also relevant for the continent This was a very good positive initiative, I applaud the university and encourage them to continue” He said.
Namaganda Ruth, the Fisheries officer from Mukono District Local Government said:
“The training was very productive to me in that being on the frontline of managing the fisheries, it gives you a clear picture of how you can predict and advise fishermen as the primary beneficiaries of the resource. At the district level, when policies are being developed, we can guide the technical officers, our superiors and politicians on how to effectively manage the resources.
If possible, the centre should organize more training in other aspects of natural resources because management is so diverse”.
Maganda Moses is the Senior Environmental Officer from Jinja District Local Government. He said:
“The training was very good. Much of what we are missing in government is attaching an economic value to what we do. We do not have those basics of making those estimates and calculations. But at least now, I have an idea of what I can do in case they need such information or data. The training was on how we can collect data on a particular resource of the fisheries sector.
So it was a very good training only that the training period of two days was inadequate and probably and we need further training in that, and even those who did not benefit from this, it would be good to introduce them to such training so that they are equipped with skills of generating data in the fisheries sector”.
Importance of the Fisheries sector
Fisheries according to Prof. Wisdom plays a key role in our social economic social being world over and on the continent. In Ghana, for example about 60% of the animal protein needed comes from fisheries and this because the other types of animal protein are either unavailable, scarce or expensive. So a lot of people derive that requirement from fish.
The same applies in Uganda, where people would have loved to eat fish but because fish is not readily available. So that fact that we have less than 10% of animal protein from fish, is not that people do not like fish but because it is outside the reach of the majority of people.
On the other hand, Wisdom asserts that fisheries are resources that if properly managed they can last forever but then these fisheries are over capitalized and over fished in Ghana and Uganda. So, the fisheries sector is extremely important for job create employing a huge number of the population, giving animal protein requirement,.
“Fisheries products provides foreign exchange because a lot of money is spent through foreign exchange in Uganda through Nile perch processing and export .So the sector is critical and beyond just being important even the value alone to the fish that is harvested is about 2.1% of the Ugandan GDP and that is why it was important for the government officials to be retooled”. Prof. Wisdom explained.
Key issues affecting the fisheries sector
Prof. Wisdom noted that the fisheries sector both in Ghana and Uganda are troubled with so many challenges . One of those is over-capitalization where there are too many vessels, canoes, boats and that has to be reduced. There is also lack of proper management and so much competition for stocks from different sub-sectors that is leading to over exploitation of stock.
There is use of all sorts of destructive methods because there is competition for stock as fisher men tend to think that they can use other illegal means to be able to catch more fish. Some use explosive dynamites, small size nets, small filament nets which are all over the places posing a serious challenge within the industry.
But most importantly there is lack of knowledge and capacity to be able to appreciate the impact of all problems on the stocks, harvest, profits and gains that generated from these resources.
Key policy interventions Uganda can emulate from Ghana
From the discussions and interactions with the fisheries experts, Prof. Wisdom noted that Ghana and Uganda it appears have similar challenges including over capacity in the fishing activities taking place, low political and foreign interests in the fisheries sector with foreigners coming in to compete with locals.
In Ghana, Wisdom said, there are areas dedicated to small scale fishing and the aim is to secure livelihoods of poor people living along coastal communities, with specific marked spaces that are reserved for local fishermen so that they can have some catch.
Uganda can learn that Ghana has demarcated where and what locals and foreigners can fish.
“We should also priorities local fishermen viz-a-viz foreign vessels and if possible impose enough taxes on the foreign vessels and use those taxes to take care of local fishermen. We realized that we can gain efficiency by allowing foreign vessels to fish species that local people find difficult to catch and make sure we get taxes that can support local fishing industry so that local fishermen are not denied their basic livelihoods.
Ghana according Prof. Wisdom has clauses and policies where within specific areas fishermen are not supposed to fish to allow the stocks to recover. From the discussion with the fisheries officials, Uganda also did it once or twice but has not done it for some time. It is time for Uganda to revisit and try to implement this policies because there are clear ecological benefits and improvement in catches of fisher folks.
Although Uganda has marine police like in Ghana, Ghana in addition has other established local institutions. There is what is called, “landing beach enforcement committee” where local people constitute themselves into enforcement units and they are able to control some of the illegal practices about fisher folks that Uganda can learn from.
Ghana as explained by Prof. Wisdom has a strong collaboration between research, academia and policy makers working at the ministries and then, the stakeholders the fisher folks and civil society organizations. That platform he advised should be encouraged to be created so that it will not be one sided decision, it will be a platform where researchers, fisher folks, civil society organizations and the ministries can always come together to discuss issues of common interest.
Ghana has also established the scientific and technical committee of the Fisheries commission compromising stakeholders such as people from academia who identify and investigate issues for discussion and advise the commission to implement issues observed and Uganda can learn from this.
In Ghana’s fishing communities, there is what they call, “the fish queens or mummies”. These are women who take key roles in post-harvest activities and the fish queen is the leader of women engaged in fish processing and trading and typically, they are the ones who determine the pricing of fish. When the fisher folks come from the sea, they observe the catches of a few vessels like the first three canoes and are able to tell what the supply of the day would be and that guides them to determine the price per measure would be and they announce that price and every fisherman that comes has to sell at that price. So they play that key role of determining the price of fish and all fishermen on that day obey that particular price.
In Ghana, the fisheries industry especially the artisanal vessels are supposed to be Ghanaian. The semi-industrial vessels are also supposed to be owned by Ghanaians and including industrial trawlers are also supposed to be owned by Ghanaians. But because the Ghanaian don’t have the capacity to own the trawlers, they go into a hire purchase agreement and the agreement tends to be rooted in corruption. Those who claim to have hired the vessels do it on behalf of foreigners who disguise as experts on how to manage vessels but are the true beneficiaries. At the end of the day they end up catching the fish they are not supposed to and make a lot of money. So there are Vessel Monitoring Systems that are installed on vessels to monitor and track them and to know where exactly they are operating.
Prof. Wisdom says he has been recommending installation of video devices so that the activities can be watched at a distance so that they can be regulated better and avoid exploitation. By installing video devices on boats and vessels that target big species like the Nile perch to monitor them, the benefits cost will be 21 to 1.
Remarks by the Director EfD-Mak centre
Prof. Edward Bbaale welcomed participants to Makarere University and the EfD Centre. In a special way, Prof. Bbaale thanked the visiting professor for moving all the way from Ghana to come and facilitate the workshop.
Bbaale also extended appreciation to the university management and the Principal CoBAMS for facilitating and overseeing the center’s operations.
He thanked participants for making time to come to Makerere saying, they were selected because they were instrumental in their duty station assuring them that the training will focus on what they do at their places of work.
Prof. Bbaale assured participants that none of the participants was selected by Makerere but letters were write to their bosses who selected them. He said by the end of the training, they would have changed the way they perceived things and the way they would want to go deeper into bio economics of fisheries management.
He assured participants that the facilitator is one of the best environmental economists in Africa.
“We have a person that has invested a lot of time in the work for which he is sharing with us. He has had a lot of experience working with international organizations before he came back to work with a university in Ghana and also to established the EfD centre in Ghana”
He thanked Prof. Wisdom for creating this collaboration saying, the center is developing capacity in different areas and would be glad to visit Ghana and share the experiences.
“Uganda is an agricultural country and the government officers you see here are very few compared to the need that we have, that means that may be another time we shall invite you for another cohort because here, are people from the ministry of agriculture, environmental police, and colleagues from different local governments from different districts. It means that to have lasting impact we must require that we have several rounds of this nature”, Bbaale added.
Prof. Wisdom Akpalu
Prof. Wisdom is the Centre Director of EfD Ghana but also the member of the coordination committee of the entire EfD Network and member of the capacity development committee of the EfD Network but importantly, the leader of the Blue resources for development- a collaborative program within the EfD Network where fisheries is. He obtained a PhD in economics from the University of Gothenburg Sweden 2006. He is currently Dean, of the School of Research and Graduate Studies at the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. Prof Wisdom is also the President of the African Association of Environmental and Resource Economists in Africa. His research focuses on social economics of natural resource management including fisheries management, economics of crime and punishment and economic institutions.
Business & Management
Building Resilience: Makerere Leads Climate Finance Training for Finance Officials
In a significant step towards enhancing Uganda’s resilience against the economic impacts of climate change, Makerere University has partnered with the Centre for Sustainable Finance at SOAS University of London and the World Resources Institute (WRI) to launch the Resilience and Adaptation Mainstreaming Program (RAMP). This initiative aims to equip officials from Uganda’s Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development (MoFPED) with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate the complex landscape of climate finance.
RAMP is part of a broader international effort to strengthen the capacity of governments, particularly in vulnerable and low- to middle-income countries, to manage the economic risks posed by climate change. Led by the WRI and supported by a network of 20 universities from Africa, Asia, and the West Indies, RAMP focuses on integrating climate adaptation strategies into the core operations of ministries of finance. This integration ensures that economic development priorities are aligned with climate adaptation needs, thereby enhancing access to adaptation finance.
Inaugural Training in Entebbe
The first training session under RAMP held in Entebbe started on July 23, bringing together policymakers and financial experts. Dr. Ulrich Volz from SOAS University of London highlighted the program’s emphasis on promoting high-quality teaching and research on climate adaptation economics and finance. “Working with local universities allows us to scale up the program effectively,” he noted. The network’s diverse range of institutions, including the University of the West Indies, University of Dar es Salaam, and University of Nairobi, underscores its global reach and commitment to building local capacity.
Prof. Edward Bbaale, Principal of the College of Business and Management Sciences at Makerere University, officially opened the 5-day training session. He urged participants to leverage this opportunity to develop their skills in sustainable finance and incorporate these practices into daily decision-making processes. Prof. Bbaale praised SOAS University of London and WRI for their partnership and the extensive training provided to the faculty in Ghana and Nairobi. He highlighted the critical role of education in equipping individuals with the knowledge and tools needed to address climate-related challenges in the financial sector.
Dr. Harald Heubaum, Deputy Director of the Centre for Sustainable Finance at SOAS University of London, added that the program provides interdisciplinary training for policymakers, focusing on macro-fiscal policies, budgeting, financial sector supervision, trade, and public financial management. “We hope to use this workshop to build a shared understanding of the economics and finance of climate change adaptation,” he said.
Highlighting the Importance of Climate Finance
Mr. Bradley Kratzer, Adaptation Finance Associate at WRI, stressed the importance of integrating climate change considerations into financial decision-making processes. He called for collaboration between policymakers, financial institutions, and development organizations to address climate change challenges. “Integrating climate risk assessments into economic planning and budgeting is crucial for sustainable development,” he emphasized.
Mr. Sam Mugume from MoFPED’s department of macro-economic policy expressed gratitude for the training, underscoring that climate change is not just an environmental issue but an economic one that requires proper management. He advocated for proactive measures such as investing in resilient infrastructure and promoting green finance initiatives to mitigate economic risks.
Climate Change Effects on Uganda
Uganda faces significant climate change impacts, including increased temperatures, erratic rainfall, and more frequent extreme weather events such as droughts and floods. These changes threaten agriculture, water resources, and overall economic stability. The agricultural sector, which employs a large portion of the population, is particularly vulnerable, with crop yields and livestock production expected to decline. This not only affects food security but also increases poverty levels, Dr. Ibrahim Mike Okumu shared during his presentation.
RAMP’s efforts to build resilience and adaptation capacities in Uganda are thus timely and essential, Dr. Mugume added. By empowering government officials with the necessary skills and knowledge, the program aims to ensure that Uganda can effectively manage the economic challenges posed by climate change and safeguard its developmental gains.
The Resilience and Adaptation Mainstreaming Program represents a crucial step forward in the global fight against climate change. By fostering collaboration between leading academic institutions and government bodies, RAMP is setting the stage for a more resilient and sustainable future.
Business & Management
Mak Environmental Economists Explore Uganda’s Albertine Oil Fields: Identifying Research and Collaboration Opportunities
A team of environmental economists from Makerere University recently visited the Albertine oil fields in Uganda to assess ongoing operations in terms of oil and gas exploration and uncover potential research and collaboration opportunities.
The field visit conducted from 17th-20th July 2024 by the EfD –Mak centre in the districts of Hoima, Buliisa and Kikuube aimed to bridge the gap between academic research and practical applications, focusing on the interaction between oil extraction activities and local communities, environmental management and sustainable development.
The centre has established two layers of policy engagement by registering key policy actors both at national and subnational levels. This year’s centre theme is “Energy Efficiency”. The theme was selected following the need for transformation from biomass dependence to cleaner energy sources at household level, but also the need for cleaner energies in manufacturing, transport among others.
The reliance on biomass is a key global challenge towards environmental protection and reversing climate change effects. In Uganda, over 85% and 13% of the population use firewood and charcoal for cooking respectively.
Established in 2018 and inaugurated at Makerere University in 2019, the EfD Mak centre strives to foster transdisciplinary research, knowledge transfer, and research-to-policy engagement and community interventions in environmental economics.
In view of the above, the centre organized a three day outreach in three districts and held her inaugural Annual General Meeting and launched a policy dialogue on 18th July 2024 at Glory Summit Hotel in Hoima which attracted over 60 people including district leadership, community based organisations, civil servants, private sector and academia.
For the last two days, the researchers led by the Centre Deputy Director Prof Johnny Mugisha visited the Uganda Petroleum Authority in Hoima, visited oil wells including the Central Processing Facility, King fisher, Tilenga Industrial Park, Kasemene site 1, the Luwero Industries Ltd Oil waste treatment plant and the Kabalega International Airport.
“The objective of visiting the oil and gas sites and companies is to enable our research fellows familiarize with activities and operations in Uganda’s oil and gas with a view of fostering researchable projects, constructive dialogue and policy developments on critical issues related to sustainable development, environmental stewardship, environmental risk management and responsible oil and gas operations in the sensitive ecosystem of Lake Albert and Murchison Falls National park”, team leader, Prof. Mugisha explained.
The centre’s areas of interest included the environmental impact assessment and monitoring, petroleum waste management practices, integration of biodiversity conservation, community engagement and socio economic impacts.
Other areas of interest were regulatory framework and compliance, water resource management and protection, climate change resilience and adaptation strategies, corporate social responsibility initiatives, long term environmental management plans and how Makerere University can collaborate effectively with the Petroleum Authority of Uganda, CNOOC, UNOC and Total Uganda to enhance research and knowledge sharing on sustainable practices, environmental conservation and petroleum management.
EfD Researchers Gain Critical Insights from Oil and Gas Community Visits
Researchers concluded a three-day visit to oil and gas communities, gaining firsthand insights into the sector’s impact and future prospects. The visit emphasized the need for informed research and sustainable planning to maximize the benefits of Uganda’s oil and gas resources and prepare for future challenges.
Firsthand Observations Critical: Dr. Madina Mwagale Guloba, Senior Research Fellow at EfD Mak, emphasized the value of seeing conditions on the ground to counteract misinformation about oil and gas exploration. “Seeing is believing, and seeing also learning from a point of view is very critical,” she stated. Dr. Guloba dispelled what she termed “corridor talk,” noting that community members affected by oil projects appeared happier and saw more opportunities. She stressed the importance of sustainable planning, saying, “In the next 30 years, people would have gotten even more opportunities.”
Cross-Cutting Research Needed: Prof. Johnny Mugisha, Deputy Centre Director, emphasized the necessity of interdisciplinary research, noting the interdependence of the petroleum sector and farming communities. He underscored that Makerere University needs to boost its research and outreach efforts to aid policy development. “From interactions in Hoima, Bulisa, and with people in the oil sector, the lessons learned indicate that Makerere University has much more to contribute, especially in research, outreach, and grassroots stakeholder engagement. We often view the petroleum and gas sector as separate from farming communities, but our experiences show a significant relationship and interaction between them. Therefore, research should not be limited to one entity but should be cross-cutting,” stated Mugisha.
On-the-Ground Engagement: Dr. Alex Tatwangire, Research Fellow and Lecturer, emphasized the value of direct stakeholder interaction, noting effective environmental mitigation plans and agricultural integration in restoring livelihoods for project-affected persons. He called for continued research to address policy gaps. The visit highlighted the importance of informed research and sustainable planning in maximizing the benefits of Uganda’s oil and gas resources while preparing for future opportunities.
Reflecting on his experience, Dr. Tatwangire remarked, “This engagement with stakeholders on the policy of energy utilization in Hoima has been incredibly useful. We’ve had the chance to observe the oil extraction process firsthand. Reading about it and hearing about it is one thing, but going on the ground and interacting with everyone involved provides a much richer understanding.”
He continued, “Seeing the wells, well pads, regulations, infrastructure, and the oil pipeline being laid, and being assured that oil will flow within a year, has been enlightening. We’ve learned a lot about the connections between the environment and how plans are in place to mitigate environmental damage. We also saw how agriculture is integrated into livelihood restoration for project-affected persons, with strategies to strengthen these livelihoods through training, seeds, and advanced technologies.”
Dr. Tatwangire concluded, “I return with a great appreciation for the progress being made. As researchers, our role is to identify gaps, explore research questions, and provide the evidence policymakers need to improve policy planning. I am grateful to EfD, our financiers, and Makerere University for these opportunities, and I hope for more such engagements to enhance our relevance in policy debates and development.”
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda
More photos from the Field Visit
Business & Management
EfD Hosts Policy Dialogue on Energy Efficiency and Reduced Emissions: Hoima Residents Call for Expanded Access to Clean Energy
Hoima, July 18, 2024 – Stakeholders from Hoima’s local government, private sector, and civil society organizations have urged the government to expand access to clean energy sources like electricity and LPGs to facilitate the country’s transition from biomass and achieve its green growth strategy. Despite Uganda’s capacity to generate and export electricity to neighboring countries, access and affordability remain significant challenges for rural areas and a large portion of the population.
During a policy dialogue hosted by the EfD-Mak Center in Hoima, themed “Energy Efficiency and Reduced Emissions in Uganda: Facts and Prospects,” stakeholders highlighted the necessity of addressing these challenges. The event, part of the EfD Annual Meeting, gathered district local government officials, both technical and political, as well as academia, youth, and members of the private and civil society organizations.
In his opening remarks, Prof. Johnny Mugisha, Deputy Director of the EfD-Mak Center, emphasized the importance of holding the dialogue in Hoima due to the region’s developments in energy. “The energy we are talking about includes firewood, charcoal, petroleum, electricity, and many others. We deliberately chose Hoima because of the energy developments here, and we are looking forward to petroleum-sourced energy,” Mugisha explained.
He noted the slow and long-term transition from biomass to cleaner energy sources, underscoring the need for discussions around biomass and clean energy. “Energy efficiency means how much you get from the energy you use to achieve a result, for example, how much electricity you use when cooking matooke,” he said. “This dialogue is a roundtable discussion for us all to give our input on what is causing what and how best to sustainably use the environment as we transition to clean energy sources.”
Prof. Mugisha stressed the university’s commitment to promoting such dialogues across the country. “Our intention is to get the root causes right from the grassroots communities so that together we can propose solutions to inform policymakers for decision-making and implementation,” he concluded.
Uganda’s Path to Energy Efficiency and Reduced Emissions: Key Insights from Dr. John Sseruyange
In his presentation Dr. John Sseruyange highlighted the critical role of energy efficiency and emission reduction in transforming Uganda from a peasant society to a modern, prosperous nation, as envisioned under Vision 2040.
“Energy acts as a catalyst that drives all other sectors,” stated Dr. Sseruyange. With agriculture contributing to 71.7% of employment, the mechanization of Uganda’s economy and the expanding transport sector are significantly increasing fossil fuel and biomass usage, leading to heightened carbon emissions and deforestation.
Dr. Sseruyange warned of the dangers of biomass reliance, noting that Uganda’s forest cover has decreased from 24% in 1990 to 9% in 2015 due to tree cutting for firewood and charcoal. “The rapid rate of forest depletion is alarming,” he said, emphasizing the health and environmental impacts of biomass fuels, including air pollution and associated diseases.
The presentation highlighted that women and children, especially girls, are disproportionately affected by biomass fuel collection, which hampers productive activities and schooling. “The burden of wood fuel collection falls heavily on women and children,” noted Dr. Sseruyange.
Dr. Sseruyange identified several barriers to energy transition in Uganda, including weak implementation capacity, cultural preferences, and limited accessibility to affordable and reliable clean energy. He pointed out that only 42% of the population had access to hydropower by 2021, and many clean energy systems, such as LPG, remain unaffordable for small businesses.
Addressing governance, Dr. Sseruyange explained the complex interplay of institutions involved in promoting efficient energy systems, ranging from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development to international organizations like the World Bank. He stressed the importance of household and industrial capacity in adopting new technologies.
Despite these challenges, Dr. Sseruyange outlined several promising initiatives aimed at enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Vision 2040 focuses on upgrading industrial technologies to less energy-consuming alternatives. The National Development Plans aim to increase clean energy accessibility and promote efficient cooking technologies. The Uganda Green Growth Development Strategy emphasizes low carbon development and solar energy installation.
Additionally, Uganda’s hydropower capacity has increased from 1278.6 MW in 2019/20 to 1370.8 MW in 2021/22, demonstrating improved energy generation capacity. Solar energy expansion efforts have resulted in off-grid solar installations reaching 30,000 households, with several solar PV plants contributing over 65 MW. The Clean Cooking Supply Chain Expansion Project has sold 72,535 energy-saving stoves by 2020. Furthermore, the government is aiming to distribute 1 million subsidized LPG cylinders to promote cleaner cooking technologies.
Dr. Sseruyange also highlighted the establishment of Kiira Motors to produce electric vehicles and the development of highways and non-motorized transport systems to reduce urban traffic congestion and emissions. “The government is taking significant steps towards a sustainable energy future,” he concluded.
In closing, Dr. Sseruyange called for policy and regulatory reforms, public awareness campaigns, and rigorous assessments to promote energy transitions. “How can we, as a nation, collaboratively promote energy transitions?” he posed to the audience, urging collective action from government, NGOs, and the general public.
Participants React
During the plenary discussions, several interventions were proposed to enhance the transition to green technologies. Highlighting the negative environmental impacts of high school dropout rates.
Participants noted that many youths turn to activities like bricklaying, charcoal burning, and sand mining for survival, which harms the environment. They called for public education and awareness programs to address fears and cultural biases against new energy technologies. “Education on the benefits of using these technologies is crucial,” said Harriet the district natural resources officer.
Affordability of new energy sources was another major concern, with high initial costs and refilling expenses for LPGs making them inaccessible for many rural poor.
Participants also highlighted the problem of low-quality counterfeits sabotaging payment schemes for acquiring new technologies, calling for regulation to address quality standards.
Cultural perceptions that clean cooking energies are for the rich and lazy further hinder the transition, underscoring the need for continuous public sensitization, which they stressed should be physical.
Limited budgets for local governments and weak enforcement mechanisms were also cited as barriers to implementing clean energy programs. Participants proposed subsidies for manufacturers and consumers of clean energy sources, expanding access to electricity and LPGs in rural areas, and ensuring widespread availability and awareness of green technologies.
Hoima District Leadership Decries Effects of Indoor Pollution
The Vice Chairperson of Hoima District, Hellen Namulumba, raised concerns about the severe effects of indoor pollution on the community’s health.
Closing the policy dialogue, Namulumba appreciated the organizers for addressing these critical issues, noting that many lives have been lost due to ignorance about the dangers of indoor pollution.
“There is no single woman in the village who would wish to continue cooking on firewood but they are incapacitated. They can adopt to other energy sources like electric and gas cockers”, she stressed
Namulumba highlighted the increasing cases of cancer, associating the disease to the use of biomass. “It is my prayer that we conduct many of these engagements at the grassroots level, bringing on board sub-county political leaders,” she said.
She called for government intervention to reduce indoor pollution by extending power coverage to rural areas beyond 50%, reducing power unit costs for domestic users, and ensuring consistent power supply. “If government can intervene, indoor pollution can reduce. If government can extend power coverage to rural areas beyond 50% and reduce the cost of power units for domestic users and ensure there is consistency in power supply, I think our people can enjoy this country,” Namulumba stated.
She also emphasized the need to support small-scale innovators, such as those manufacturing briquettes and improved cooking stoves, to reduce indoor pollution. Additionally, she called for strengthened policies for emission control systems in automobiles to reduce cancer and other disease rates.
“If at all government can boost small-scale innovators like assisting briquette manufacturers in marketing their products through sensitization, boost those making improved cooking stoves, we can reduce indoor pollution,” she said. “And if government can strengthen policies for emission control systems in automobiles that can greatly make an impact in reducing the rate of people dying of cancers and other diseases.” she proposed.
Namulumba thanked the participants for their attendance and pledged the district’s commitment to support them in these initiatives, appealing to them to come up with budgets to support those engaged in making alternative energy sources.
Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer EfD Uganda
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