Dr. Caroline Adoch, the first female recipient of the Doctor of Laws (LL.D) of Makerere University smiles for the camera during Day 1 of the 72nd Graduation Ceremony on 23rd May 2022.
Dr. Caroline Adoch was awarded a Doctor of Laws (LL.D) yesterday, Monday 23rd May, 2022 during the first day of Makerere University’s 72nd Graduation Ceremony. Dr. Adoch became the first female to be awarded a Doctor of Laws (LL.D) of Makerere University in the institution’s100 year history. Her doctoral thesis was titled ‘Access to Gender Justice in Uganda: A Feminist Analysis of Experiences of Rape victims in the Reporting and Prosecution processes’’. She was supervised by Professor Sylvia Tamale and Professor Christopher Mbazira. Dr. Adoch shared her background, experiences and inspiration in an interview and highlights are captured below.
Q: Who is Caroline Adoch?
A: I am a Ugandan female; I work at Makerere University School of Law as an Assistant Lecturer. I joined the Makerere University Service in 2012 as a Teaching Assistant. My education background: I attended primary school at St. Agnes Catholic Girls’ Boarding Primary School Naggalama, Uganda; Secondary school at Mount St. Mary’s Namagunga (emerged as national best student in her year for A’Level exams). Attended University of Dar es Salaam for Bachelor of Laws (LL. B) graduating as best student of my class 2004-2007. I was awarded a Commonwealth Scholarship to study for a Master of Laws (LL.M) at University of Cambridge, United Kingdom from 2009-2010.
Q: What inspired you to study Law?
A: I have always wanted to be a lawyer as far as I can remember. However, I almost missed the calling; my Dad passed on the first day of my O level exams. I didn’t want to give my guardians the burden of paying tuition for a four-year course. My only hope to access University education was through government sponsorship. I wasn’t sure I would qualify for Law. I therefore applied for a Bachelor of Social Work and Social Administration with a belief that I would qualify for the programme on government sponsorship.
When results were released I was the best student; I was admitted to study Social Work and Social Administration at Makerere University. However, because I also qualified for change of programme to LL. B, I applied to change programme of study. The in-charge in the Academic Registrar’s Office advised that I qualified for the Inter University Council for East Africa exchange programme. I applied and was admitted to study LL. B at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and here we are. Laughs!
Q: What was your experience completing your Doctorate at Makerere University while teaching?
A: I joined Makerere University as a Teaching Assistant in 2012 because that was the only available opening. With support of the then Director of HURPEC Professor Joe Oloka Onyango, I was shortly promoted to Assistant Lecturer. I have taught courses including Human Rights, Public International Law, Administrative Law and Constitutional Law.
A couple of years ago I was offered a scholarship to study for a Doctor of Laws in Canada but I decided to stay at Makerere University. Why? I always tell people the School of Law is a good Law School with a great faculty, so why not me.
It’s been a challenge though, considering the student numbers that we teach and the scripts for marking. Creating a balance between teaching and studying calls for commitment. I wish to thank my supervisors and Doctoral Committee for the support through my journey. I also take this opportunity to thank Prof. Sylvia Tamale who was my main supervisor for the mentorship and encouragement. Prof. Tamale was so committed and supportive.
I sponsored myself which is quite expensive but I am happy I managed to do. I also thank Makerere University for the one-year tuition waiver. I think more years could have been given but the process to get the waiver approved is challenging.
Q: Why did you decide to study rape?
A: It is my conviction that rape is a big issue for women and girls. The fear of rape defines so many parameters of the lives of women and girls. When girls are young, we are warned about sitting, movements and company with the male because of the worry for parents regarding safety for the girl-child against sexual abuse and violence. Girls and women bear a huge responsibility and shame when they are raped. I therefore felt it was not only an interesting study area but also important.
A: To the University, I wish to say, at 100 years we shouldn’t be talking about ‘firsts’ in terms of opportunities. As an institution providing an enabling environment and opportunities for women should be intentional.
To students and more especially the girl child, I genuinely believe academic excellence matters; the class of degree awarded is very important. Always strive for the best, remain focused and work hard, be imaginative, have dreams and visions even when the odds seem impossible.
Q: What next?
A: I look forward to paying forward the support from my supervisors and colleagues through this journey; this I hope to do through supervising other doctoral students. It is good that while I was the first female to complete the Doctor of Laws at Makerere University School of Law, many are currently registered and more will graduate in the coming years.
“A historical note from today, upon graduation Dr. Adoch will be the first woman to earn the Doctor of Laws of Makerere University School of Law”
The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, has commended the leadership and faculty of Makerere University School of Law for their outstanding contribution to graduate training, research, and academic excellence, describing the School as one of the key drivers of Makerere University’s growing international reputation.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Vice Chancellor, Makerere University during his visit to School of Law.
The commendation was made during the Vice Chancellor’s ongoing engagements with Colleges, Stand-alone Schools, and Institutes, aimed at strengthening the management and administration of graduate training and research across the University. The visits form part of a broader initiative to assess progress in graduate education, identify emerging opportunities, and address challenges affecting research and postgraduate studies.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, VC Makerere University addressing staff School of Law.
Prof. Nawangwe applauded the School of Law for achieving the University’s Strategic Plan target of 40% graduate student enrolment, describing the milestone as a testament to the School’s commitment to producing highly skilled professionals and researchers.
Prof. Ronald Naluwairo, Dean, School of Law giving his welcome remarks.
He emphasized that graduate education, particularly doctoral training, is fundamental to national development. Drawing lessons from countries such as the United States and China, the Vice Chancellor observed that a nation’s number of PhD holders per capita is closely linked to its capacity for innovation, research, and socio-economic transformation.
Members of management Makerere University engaging with staff School of Law.
“The countries that lead in research, innovation and industrial development have invested heavily in doctoral education. The number of PhDs per capita is a strong indicator of a country’s ability to generate knowledge and solve societal challenges,” he noted, urging the School to continue expanding graduate enrolment while maintaining high academic standards.
Prof. Nawangwe further praised the School’s vibrant Staff Colloquia Series, describing it as an important platform for promoting scholarly engagement, mentorship, and interdisciplinary collaboration among academic staff and graduate students.
He also commended the School’s growing research focus on Environmental Law, particularly water governance and sustainability, noting that these priorities align well with Makerere University’s strategic commitment to addressing pressing environmental and climate-related challenges through research and innovation.
L-R: Prof. Julius Kikooma, Dr. Zahara Nampewo, Mr. Andrew Mwesigwa, Dr. Daniel Ruhweza, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Prof. Ronald Naluwairo and Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi in the Moot Court.
The Vice Chancellor highlighted the proposed collaborative Master’s Programme in Environmental Diplomacy between Makerere University and University of Padua as an example of the University’s efforts to develop specialized graduate programmes that respond to emerging global priorities while strengthening international academic partnerships.
To further support the School’s ambitions, Prof. Nawangwe reaffirmed the University’s commitment to facilitating the establishment of new Centres of Excellence, revitalizing the Environmental Law Centre (ELC), and implementing measures to strengthen staff recruitment and promotion.
He observed that investing in strong academic staff and research infrastructure remains central to Makerere University’s vision of becoming a research-led institution that contributes solutions to national, regional, and global development challenges.
The Vice Chancellor encouraged the School’s leadership and faculty to sustain the momentum in graduate training, research productivity, and international collaboration, noting that their achievements continue to enhance Makerere University’s standing as a leading centre of academic excellence in Africa.
Uganda’s higher education system is undergoing a transformative shift through the adoption of a competency-based curriculum (CBC) starting in 2026-2027, aimed at producing graduates with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills suited to the modern labor market. This shift emphasizes balancing doctrinal learning with experiential and clinical legal education, necessitating increased capacity among faculty members, many of whom currently lack formal training in curriculum development, assessment methods, and clinical supervision. Aligning with national development goals focused on human capital and ethical workforce development, the reform seeks to produce well-rounded, adaptable legal professionals equipped to address Uganda’s socio-economic challenges.
Prof. Ronald Naluwairo, Dean School of Law, Makerere University delivering his remarks during the workshop.
In response, Makerere University’s School of Law organized a capacity-building workshop on June 19th, 2026, at Kalanoga Resort Beach, to strengthen lecturers’ skills in delivering practical legal education. The workshop was attended by a diverse group of professionals, including representatives from Makerere University, National Curriculum Development Centre, and the Islamic University in Uganda.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Academic Registrar, Makerere University giving his presentation at the workshop.
This initiative underscores Makerere Law School’s dedication to producing practice-ready legal professionals through continuous faculty development and experiential learning. The workshop focused on equipping faculty with innovative teaching strategies, assessment techniques, and clinical supervision skills essential for effective curriculum implementation. Beyond faculty development, Makerere Law School has advanced its commitment to experiential learning through its Public Interest Law Clinic (PILAC).
Dr. Zahara Nampewo, Deputy Dean, School of Law Sharing her observations.
Remarks by Participants
In his opening remarks, Prof. Ronald Naluwairo, the Principal School of Law, Makerere University highlighted a diverse set of practical experiences offered by the PILAC—including internships, externships, moot court competitions, legal aid outreach, simulation exercises, public interest litigation, and community legal literacy programs, that foster students’ legal skills, ethical awareness, and community engagement. These comprehensive efforts aim to cultivate a new generation of ethically grounded, community-oriented legal professionals ready to contribute meaningfully to Uganda’s development.
Prof. Christopher Mbazira engaging with participants during the training.
In his remarks, Professor Mukadas Buyinza, Academic Registrar, Makerere University emphasized Uganda’s commitment to transforming higher education through the adoption of competency-based and clinical legal education. He highlighted the importance of curriculum redesign, innovative teaching methodologies, and assessment reforms to equip graduates with practical skills, core values, and the right attitudes. Acknowledging the pivotal role of universities in driving socio-economic development, he advocated for sustained investment in capacity building, digital learning, and strategic partnerships. Professor Buyinza also called on institutions to embrace innovation and institutionalize confidence-based approaches to learning. Ultimately, he underscored the critical need for active stakeholder engagement to strengthen Uganda’s leadership in experiential, value-driven legal education—ensuring that graduates are ethically grounded and competently prepared to address societal needs.
Participants during the training.
Key Highlight from the Training
The education system prioritizes comprehensive assessment and curriculum design based on principles like authenticity, reliability, transparency, performance focus, and technology integration to produce ethically and professionally capable graduates. Lecturers play a vital role, requiring competencies in communication, research, curriculum development, technology, and ongoing professional development to adapt to emerging challenges such as AI and digital tools.
Group Photo of participants at the Capacity Building Workshop.
Uganda’s shift to competency-based education and curriculum reform aims to produce relevant, skilled, and ethically grounded graduates through innovative teaching, rigorous assessment, and continuous curriculum review involving diverse stakeholder input and international benchmarking. Curricula are systematically updated to align with societal, labor market, and global standards.
Assessment practices include formative, summative, diagnostic, performance-based tasks, self-evaluation, and peer review, guided by principles of authenticity, reliability, transparency, and technological use. Both traditional and innovative methods like interviews, debates, projects, and exams are employed.
Educational programs focus on developing diverse competencies, including foundational knowledge, critical thinking, social skills, practical skills, communication, ethics, digital literacy, research, lifelong learning, and vocational skills. Pedagogical approaches such as case-based learning, collaborative activities, environment and community-based learning, and digital platforms promote active engagement and practical skills, ensuring relevant and adaptable higher education.
Participants enjoy a photo moment with Prof. Buyinza at the Capacity Building Workshop.
Innovative practical teaching approaches incorporate community engagement and real-world assessments, to enhance student learning and relevance. There is need for careful student grouping, honest assessment, and resource allocation, including budgeting and support for field activities and student mobility, to effectively implement reforms and improve educational outcomes.
Participants contribute to discussions during the workshop.
Transitioning to competency-based education must focus on developing knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through student-centered, interactive teaching methods.
Recommended approaches include participatory lectures, simulations, clinics, internships, case studies, problem-based learning, workshops, research projects, seminars, guest speakers, and audiovisual tools—all aimed at ensuring students acquire relevant competencies aligned with national, regional, and institutional goals.
Participants by the lakeside at Kalanoga Resort Beach.
The Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe on 23rd June 2026 during his visitation to Colleges, Stand-alone Schools and Institutes to discuss management and administration of graduate training and research commended the School of Law (SoL) Leadership and Faculty on attaining the 40% Graduate Student enrolment target as per the University Strategic Plan. Citing examples of the U.S. and China, he noted that a country’s PhD per capita correlates with capacity to develop, and therefore encouraged SoL to keep improving graduate training and research output.
Prof. Nawangwe commended the School’s Staff Colloquia Series and research priorities on Environmental Law, especially Water, noting that this compliments institutional efforts to establish specialized Graduate programmes like the proposed collaborative Masters in Environmental Diplomacy with the University of Padova. He therefore reassured the School of support in establishment of new Centres of Excellence and revitalization of the Environment Law Centre (ELC) as well as measures to address staff promotion and recruitment.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe.
Commending the School’s longstanding collaboration with the University of Pretoria particularly through the Master’s in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa (HRDA), the Vice Chancellor urged faculty to forge more partnerships especially those that incorporate joint degree supervision. “We were able to graduate hundreds of PhDs with Sida support due to joint supervision arrangements with Swedish institutions” he elaborated.
The Vice Chancellor was accompanied by the Academic Registrar-Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Director Graduate Training-Prof. Julius Kikooma, Head Makerere Writing Centre-Prof. Fredrick Muyodi, Managing Editor of Makerere University Press (MakPress)-Prof. William Tayeebwa and Mr. Andrew Mwesigwa from the Makerere University Library. They were received at SoL by the Dean-Prof. Ronald Naluwairo, Deputy Dean-Dr. Zahara Nampewo, and the School’s leadership and faculty.
Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (L) with Management and SoL Faculty during the interaction.
Addressing the meeting, Prof. Naluwairo thanked the University Council and Management under the leadership of Prof. Nawangwe for prioritizing infrastructure development that paved way for the construction and furnishing of the new School of Law Building. “Every member of staff now has an office”, he added. This development, he noted, that has made the School environment more conducive for work, student supervision and personal study.
The Dean reported that SoL currently has 414 graduate students, with 41 enrolled for the Doctor of Laws (LLD). He nevertheless added that only twenty three (23) faculty are eligible to teach and supervise graduate students, which impacts their workload. It was on this note that the requested the Management team to prioritise recruitment and promotions for the School.
Prof. Ronald Naluwairo.
In terms of research output, Prof. Naluwairo highlighted the East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights (EAJPHR) produced by the Human Rights and Peace Centre (HURIPEC), the Makerere Law Journal produced by Students, as well as the HURIPEC and Public Interest Law Clinic (PILAC) Working Paper Series as the School’s main publication avenues. He nevertheless called for the approval of specialized Master of Laws (LLM) programmes, additional support for graduate students’ support services and increased Graduate Fellows’ appointments to further boost the School’s output.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi in his submission commended the SoL on its world renowned and well respected status, as observed from a recent working visit to the European University Institute (EUI) in Italy. He therefore urged the School to take advantage of this rich legacy by further expanding their frontier of collaboration internationally and attracting more Honorary and Adjunct Professors to help supervise and mentor graduate students.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (C) addresses SoL Faculty.
Contributing to the discussion, Prof. Julius Kikooma congratulated SoL on attaining the Graduate Student Enrolment target and added that this would be further boosted with the roll-out of the Research Information Management System (RIMS) to track graduate students’ milestones. He equally informed the meeting that a curriculum on graduate supervision is being development in partnership with the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) Centre for Teaching and Learning Support (CTLS), to help standardize and guide the process.
Prof. Julius Kikooma (C) flanked by Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe (L) and Prof. Fredrick Muyodi (R).
Additionally, Prof. Fredrick Muyodi reassured the School of Law of the his Centre’s readiness to provide training that can help improve the writing of grants, reports and dissertations so as to further boost research output. The Centre has, in keeping with current trends, organized training on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in writing and research output. Also in the pipeline are trainings on writing policy briefs, and a writing retreat in collaboration with MakPress to help finalists complete of theses and dissertations on time.
Prof. William Tayeebwa (Standing) with L-R: Prof. Julius Kikooma, Prof. Fredrick Muyodi, Mr. Andrew Mwesigwa, Prof. Emmanuel Kasimbazi, Prof. David Bakibinga and other officials.
The Managing Editor, Prof. Tayeebwa congratulated SoL upon the East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights (EAJPHR)’s consistent production since 1993. He equally expressed MakPress’ readiness to digitize and assign International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and Digital Object Identifier (DOI) identifiers to further boost the publication’s visibility. “We are ready to work with you to establish any other journals you have ideas for” he added.
In the Moot Court L-R: Prof. William Tayeebwa, Prof. Ronald Naluwairo, Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi, Prof. Fredrick Muyodi, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Prof. Julius Kikooma and Dr. Zahara Nampewo.
The discussions concluded with the Vice Chancellor’s reassurance of the continued protection of academic freedom, whereupon he urged the SoL faculty to feature more prominently in the Kampala Geopolitics Conference, where the African perspective is integrated into discussions of current geopolitical issues. The visit was concluded with a tour of the SoL Moot Court.
L-R: Prof. Julius Kikooma, Dr. Zahara Nampewo, Mr. Andrew Mwesigwa, Dr. Daniel Ruhweza, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, Prof. Ronald Naluwairo and Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi in the Moot Court.