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CPD, Networking Platforms, Mentorship Needed to Enhance Capacities of Women to Leadership Positions in Uganda

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On Thursday 5th November, 2020, a project titled Enhancing Capacities of Women to Leadership Positions in Universities in Uganda (WOLEP) held a Dissemination Event at the Central Teaching Facility 1 (CTF1), Makerere University. The Principal Investigator (PI) WOLEP is Dr. Florence Nakamanya, Lecturer, East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development (EASHESD), College of Education and External Studies (CEES). The WOLEP team that also includes Assoc. Prof. Ronald Bisaso and Ms. Sharon Ainmbabazi recommended that Continuous Professional Development (CPD), Suitable Networking Platforms and Structured Mentorship Programmes are needed to enhance capacities of both incumbent and aspiring women leaders in Uganda’s Higher Education sector. The Dean, EASHESD, Assoc. Prof. Ronald Bisaso who was the moderator welcomed members to the dissemination and gave a preamble of the WOLEP project. The event started with a prayer led by Sr. Bernadette Lutaaya.

The event attracted a number of distinguished personalities who attended both physically and online. In attendance online were; Prof. Joy C. Kwesiga,  the Vice Chancellor of Kabale University and  the Guest of Honour, Prof. William Bazeyo, the Chairperson Grants Management Committee (GMC), Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF), Prof. Charles Masembe, GMC Member, Prof. Fred Masagazi Masaazi,the Principal, College of Education and External Studies(CEES), Ms. Harriet Adong, Head, Communication, RIF, Prof. Monica Chibita, Dean, Faculty of Journalism, Media and Communication, Uganda Christian University (UCU), Assoc. Prof. Betty Ezati, Dean, School of Education, Makerere University and GMC Member. In the physical meeting, we had the project team members, women leaders from Ugandan Universities including Makerere University, Kyambogo University, Ndejje University, Kampala International University, St. Lawrence University, Al-Mustafa Islamic College and female employees from the National Planning Authority (NPA) among others.

A Screenshot of the ZOOM session with Clockwise: Dr. Florence Nakamanya, Prof. Charles Masembe, Ms. Sylvia Nakirya and Prof. William Bazeyo

Dr. Nakamanya in her presentation highlighted that the project was made possible with funding from the Government of the Republic of Uganda through Mak-RIF. The PI noted that there exist leadership training programmes aimed at building capacities of female leaders in different parts of the world including Uganda. However, the numbers of women in leadership positions are still miserably low. For instance, she noted, we have only three female Vice Chancellors in Uganda and yet there are over 50 universities. Besides, the leadership training programmes provided are adhoc in nature, they are developed in the western world and adapted to African context, do not meet the current and emerging needs and largely depend on the availability of funding. This then created the need for the WOLEP project.

She enlisted the objectives the project as follows;

  1. To analyze the Leadership-related Training Programmes (LTPs) that women in leadership positions in universities in Uganda have attended.
  2. To establish the leadership-related competence profile for women in leadership positions in universities in Uganda.
  3. To investigate whether the existing leadership-related training programmes influence women’s aspirations and progression to leadership training positions in universities in Uganda.
  4. To examine women’s experiences with the existing Leadership-related Training Programmes in universities in Uganda.
  5. To identify the capacity needs and what works for women to occupy leadership positions in universities in Uganda.
The WOLEP Team R-L: Ms. Ainmbabazi Sharon, PI-Dr. Florence Nakamanya, Dean EASHESD-Assoc. Prof. Ronald Bisaso with Mak-RIF Communications Officer-Ms. Harriet Adong at the event.

The WOLEP project employed an interpretive approach to research because the team wanted to get an in-depth understanding of the issue that was under investigation. The participants of the project included the incumbent and aspiring female leaders. The Incumbents comprised of senior female leaders like Vice Chancellors, the middle leaders (Deputy Principals and Deans) and the lower leaders such as examination and research coordinators. The aspiring female leaders constituted any female academic member of staff in the university. The participants were purposively selected on the basis that they had ever attended a leadership-related training programmes and were drawn from the different categories of Ugandan Universities. The universities were categorized into public, private religious-affiliated and private-for-profit universities. Data was collected through interviewing 29 participants comprising of 2 senior female leaders, 9 middle female leaders, 9 lower female leaders and 9 aspiring female leaders.

The findings of the study include;

Objective One, where different Leadership-related Training Programmes (LTPs) were analyzed: It was discovered that the participants had attended international leadership-related programmes. Whereas the senior female leaders had participated in programmes organized by the Commonwealth, Higher Education Resources Services, Inter-University Council of East Africa, RUFORUM, the middle female leaders highlighted trainings such as the International Deans’ Course adn COACH AFRICA workshops in South Africa and Finland. Importantly, the international trainings were attended by mostly participants at all levels of leadership from the public universities. The middle female leaders had attended national leadership-related trainings particularly those organized by the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) whereas the lower and aspiring female leaders had mostly participated in internal institutional trainings.

Objective Two, which was about the competence profile of female leaders: She said that during the interviews, the participants shared competences related to leadership and management, teaching and research. Specifically, competences related to pedagogy, curriculum, research, social challenges, customer care, ICT, confidence building, teamwork, conflict resolution among others. She asked participants to reflect on how they teach and supervise graduate students in higher education.

Objective Three, on whether the existing LTPs influenced women’s aspirations and progression to Leadership: The female leaders shared that the training enabled them to acquire knowledge, share experiences, provided opportunities for personal professional development and networking. In-depth analysis had confirmed that the female leaders’ experiences with the existing LTPs influenced their desire to aspire and progress to academic and administrative leadership positions in Ugandan universities. For example, a female senior leader serving in a public university had said that “we are always given an opportunity to share experiences in the leadership training programmes. I ask colleagues and they would tell me how to solve it. I would get tips that I learn which makes me perform better in my work.”

Objective Four focused on experiences with LTPs: The focus was on the programme structure, stakeholder involvement and post-training experiences. The participants shared that the content provided in the trainings was too broad, theoretical and delivered in a very short period of time and yet very costly. She noted that there was limited stakeholder involvement, the training needs analysis was hardly done and there was unclear selection process. It was also found out that most of the LTPs that female leaders attend in Ugandan universities lacked the aspect of mentorship and did not make follow-ups. In view of this, achievement of the intended outcomes was constrained.

Objective Five identified the Capacity Needs for female leaders: The findings showed that the female incumbent and aspiring leaders would like to be capacitated in areas including networking and mentorship, research and publishing as well as leadership and management skills. 

The study concluded that:

  1. Female leaders had attended International, National, and Institutional LTPs.
  2. The competence profile of female leaders comprised of leadership and management, teaching and research skills developed from the training programmes.
  3. LTPs had influenced women’s desire to aspire and progress to leadership positions.
  4. LTPs were too costly, theoretical with broad content, with limited stakeholders’ involvement, no follow up and lacked mentorship opportunities.
  5. Networking, mentorship, research and publishing as well as leadership and management skills were the capacity needs of incumbent and aspiring female leaders in Ugandan Universities.

The study recommended that:

  1. Continuous Professional Development should be rolled out for both incumbent and aspiring female leaders. The modularized programme that has been developed out of the current study will span a reasonable period of time and will be flexibly delivered using blended training approaches at the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development, Makerere University.
  2. Universities should initiate sustainable networking platforms that provide avenues for incumbent and aspiring leaders to share experiences, challenges and new insights on how to perform their duties through periodic meetings and reflective seminars that could be flexibly organized or delivered using online technologies and social learning platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Zoom etc.
  3. The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development and other relevant stakeholders should collaboratively initiate and support robust structured mentorship programmes for women in higher education where those with rich experience are invited to share their life stories which could be published in different formats like videos and used to continually nurture aspiring leaders and equally enhance women’s progression to leadership

The study proposed an intervention/solution/programme informed by a range of capacity needs that were highlighted by women at the different levels of leadership. The two modules developed to be flexibly delivered are:

  1. Leadership and Management in Higher Education
  2. Career Advancement of Women in Higher Education

The PI shared a quote by Sheryl Sandberg:“If more women are in leadership roles, we’ll stop assuming they shouldn’t be”.

Prof. Joy Kwesiga, Vice Chancellor Kabale University

In her welcome remarks, Prof. Joy Kwesiga the Guest of Honour congratulated the project team on the important research in which she participated and that she had been looking forward to the general research results. She highlighted that there was a minimal number of females that participate in higher education leadership. She shared her past experience while serving in Makerere University and expected the findings to trigger reflection on how to increase the number of women in leadership positions through established policies, support mechanisms and practices. Prof. Kwesiga noted that when the only female presidential candidate Nancy Kalembe said that females are going to break the glass ceiling and that becoming president was one of them, her mind was drawn to the importance of gender perspectives in leadership and management, in teaching, and research. Finally, she said she was glad that the study had been successfully conducted and that it would open up into a wider field so that we can have specialists.

Prof. Fred Masagazi Masaazi

The Principal CEES, Prof. Fred Masagazi Masaazi in his remarks, congratulated the lead researcher Dr. Nakamanya Florence and the research team upon attaining the milestone. He said that, whereas research was a boost to our academic endeavors, it was also a springboard for opening up space for national development. He further said that he strongly believed that the findings would go a long way in informing gender policy and other aspects related to gender and Higher Education. He thanked the Dean, East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development (EASHESD), for the support in ensuring that the School contributes to the body of knowledge, and for impacting on the College’s visibility. He further thanked the Mak-RIF team for the support and for identifying and funding the special area of study on enhancing capacities of women to leadership positions in universities. He concluded by noting that young researchers like Dr. Nakamanya were pillars for the University’s development.

Prof. Charles Masembe

Prof. Charles Masembe, Member of the Mak-RIF Grants Management Committee (GMC) in his speech welcomed the participants noting that they had been drawn from different universities and organisations. He thanked them for making time to attend the dissemination. He thanked the researchers and innovators for their tireless efforts. In a special way, he thanked the Government of Uganda for the continued support to Makerere University and for funding research through Mak-RIF. He further said that for a country to move from lower to middle income status, it needs research. In addition, he said that Mak-RIF is aimed at complementing available research funding to address unfunded priorities critical to accelerating development across different sectors of the economy in Uganda. He was happy that the WOLEP project had unearthed the capacity needs of the different categories of female leaders. He implored the project team to partner with a range of stakeholders to address the capacity needs as they roll out the project’s proposed training programme.

Prof. William Bazeyo

Prof. William Bazeyo Chairperson Mak-RIF Grants Management Committee (GMC), thanked the organizers for the Dissemination. He highlighted that this was the first dissemination he had attended ever since the fund started. He congratulated Dr. Florence Nakamanya and her team and thanked the Principal, Professor Masagazi for supporting research efforts in CEES.  He noted that he believed in negotiation and he challenged every researcher to become a negotiator so as to ensure research uptake by the policy makers. He noted that since Makerere has the capacity and the negotiation skills, it should do better. He acknowledged the contributions of other teams on RIF1 and RIF2 and announced that RIF3 had been approved. He emphasized that whereas RIF1 was UGX 30 billion, RIF2 was UGX 30 billion and COVID-19 Response UGX 9.3 billion, he had negotiated for a greater allocation of funds for RIF3 and it will be higher, if not double.

He informed participants that he was also negotiating on how Makerere University (Mak) can support other universities to do research. He cited an example of a model university in Malaysia which was leading in research and had been funded to support research and capacity building in other public universities. Furthermore, he re-echoed the need of researchers to reach out to stakeholders and different ministries to share research findings. He called upon all researchers to begin writing policy briefs. He finally set a challenge to his colleagues on the GMC to start a programme to train researchers on how to write policy briefs.

Article by John Nuwagaba, CEES

Mark Wamai

Education

CEES 2026 Students Orientation: Newly Admitted Students tipped on Integrity, Academic Excellence, Safety and Responsible AI usage

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CEES Leadership and University Officials with first year students admitted to the various undergraduate academic programmes during the orientation on 6th August 2026. Orientation of first year students admitted to various undergraduate academic programmes at the College of Education and External Studies (CEES), 6th August 2026, Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

On 6th August 2026, the first year students admitted to the various undergraduate academic programmes at the College of Education and External Studies (CEES) convened at the Makerere University Yusuf Lule Central Teaching Facility Auditorium for a specialized orientation session with the College leadership, selected University Officials, staff and student leaders.

Bringing together over 900 first year students, the colourful orientation session organized by the Office of the Principal, in collaboration with the College Registrar, College Communication Office, and the Student leaders, kicked off with the singing of the Anthems. The first year students were impressed by the vocals courtesy of the College of Education and External Studies Choir.

The interactive orientation session, which involved interludes of respecting the Makerere University Culture (with the entire audience speaking with energy, Eeh, Makerere Oyee!) was aimed at equipping the newly admitted students with the essential knowledge to transition into University life, guidance to successfully navigate their academic journey, and developing a deeper sense of belonging and love for the College of Education and External Studies (CEES).

The orientation focused on promoting academic excellence, responsible conduct, personal well-being, financial management, digital learning, safeguarding, and effective utilization of university resources to support students’ growth and development.

R-L (Seated): Dr Godfrey Mayende, Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana, Dr Harriet Nabushawo, Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga, Prof. Ronald Bisaso, Ms Frascesca Musimenta, Mr. Anthony Bakashaba. R-L (Standing): Ms. Ritah Namisango, Mr. Moses Wang’koko Ebil, Dr Benon Kigozi, Ms. Molly Nantongo, Dr Joseph Watuleke, Dr Dianah Nampijja, Mr. Godfrey Wasikye, Mr. Sanderson Acati.

The orientation programme featured presentations from university administrators, academic leaders, student representatives, and support service providers including the College Principal-Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, Deputy Principal-Prof. Ronald Bisaso, Dean-School of Distance and Lifelong Learning- Dr. Harriet Nabushawo, Dean-School of Education- Assoc. Prof. Mathias Mulumba, the Director of IODeL-Dr. Godfrey Mayende, the Manager-Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre Dr. Henry Nsubuga, the College Chairperson-Mr. Anthony Bakashaba, and among other members of staff  and student leaders.

Commitment to Academic Excellence and Responsible Conduct

The Principal – College of Education and External Studies, Professor Anthony Muwagga Mugagga

Opening the engagement, the Principal, College Principal, Prof. Anthony Muwagga Mugagga, congratulated the first-year students upon being admitted to Makerere University, and specifically to the College of Education and External Studies. He highlighted that the College consists of three (3) Schools namely: The School of Education, the School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, and the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development.

Recalling the lived experiences from his youthful days as a student, and his various attempts in different academic disciplines such as religious studies, economics, philosophy, education, he informed the students that they had made the right choice to study education.

“I am a professor of education. I have served as a teacher, education policy specialist, and rose up to the rank of Professor. I am the College Principal. I am here to re-assure you that you have made the right decision to study education,” he said.

The Principal encouraged the first-year students to embrace their academic journey with determination and utilize their stay to effectively tap into the opportunities available at Makerere University.

“Prioritize your studies, maintain healthy relationships, and avoid behaviours that could compromise your safety, well-being, and academic progress,” Prof. Muwagga Mugagga guided.

Newly Admitted students listening to the proceedings of the CEES 2026 Orientation

He advised the students to attend lectures consistently, actively participate in class, establish professional relationships with lecturers, and familiarize themselves with university policies and support services.

He called upon the students to manage their finances responsibly by prioritizing essential needs, such as tuition and academic requirements, and exploring available work-study opportunities when faced with financial challenges.

Prof. Muwagga Mugagga reminded students to understand their rights and responsibilities as members of the university community and to uphold the values and standards that guide life at Makerere University.

Striving for Excellence and Time Management

The Deputy Principal, Prof. Ronald Bisaso implored the students to remain focused on their academic goals, adhere to university policies, and to use their freedom wisely throughout their university journey.  

The Deputy Principal – College of Education and External Studies, Professor Ronald Bisaso

Prof. Bisaso also tipped the students on professionalism, the standards and right set of values that society expects from prospective teachers and educators. He encouraged the students to dress appropriately and make reference to authentic online platforms that describe the dress code for official, business, and casual engagements.

 “Students’ conduct and appearance contribute significantly to the professional image they project within the university and the wider community,” he noted.

Academic Success and Professional Conduct

The Dean – School of Education under MakCEES, Assoc. Prof. Mathias Bwanika Mulumba

The Dean of the School of Education, Associate Professor Mathias Mulumba Bwanika articulated that the transition to the Competency-Based Education, which implies that the student/learner takes responsibility for his or her studies.

“Schools and institutions in Uganda shifted from a content-based curriculum to the competency-based one. The teacher guides, but the student takes full responsibility for his or her learning,” he remarked.

To excel under the competency-based mode of delivery, Associate Professor Mulumba Bwanika urged the students to value time, plan their schedules, form discussion groups, and tap into the benefits of group learning, including innovation, creativity, and reading ahead of their lecturers.

Associate Professor Mulumba Bwanika reminded the students to uphold high standards of professionalism by following the professional code of conduct for teachers. He tipped the students on personal hygiene, respectful behaviour, character and development.

The Dean of the School of Education, emphasized the importance of cultivating habits that promote academic success. “If you want to succeed in a university setting, you need to consult the student leaders and staff, embrace group learning, and read consistently.”

Embracing Learning Opportunities Beyond the Classroom

The Dean, School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Dr Harriet Nabushawo reaffirmed Makerere University’s commitment to producing knowledgeable, skilled, and socially responsible graduates.

The Dean – School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Dr Harriet Nabushawo

She implored the students to take ownership of their learning, remain organized and disciplined, and develop habits that promote academic excellence and lifelong growth.

Dr Nabushawo highlighted opportunities beyond classroom learning, including research, innovation, leadership, teamwork, and community engagement, noting that these experiences help students develop professional competencies, problem-solving abilities, communication skills, and teamwork.

She rallied students to actively participate in university programmes and collaborative learning experiences to broaden their perspectives and prepare themselves for meaningful contributions to society.

Effective Digital Learning and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The Deputy Director of the Institute of Open, Distance and eLearning (IODeL) – Dr Godfrey Mayende

Dr Godfrey Mayende, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Open, Distance and eLearning (IODeL), advised students to embrace digital learning as an important component of their academic journey.

He urged students to regularly access the Makerere University E-Learning Environment (MUELE), participate in online discussions, check university communication platforms, and seek support when they encounter academic challenges.

Highlighting the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education, Dr Mayende encouraged students to use AI responsibly as a learning companion for understanding concepts, generating ideas, improving writing, summarizing notes, and practising academic tasks.

He emphasized the importance of ethical use of technology, independent thinking, and academic integrity in preparing students for future professional environments.

“Use artificial intelligence wisely. AI should not corrupt your personal knowledge. AI should not replace human thinking,” he guided.

Prioritize Mental Health and Seek Support Early

In his remarks, the Manager-Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre, Mr. Henry Nsubuga called upon the students to prioritize their wellbeing, utilize their time as an opportunity for personal growth, resilience building, and professional development.

The Manager-Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre, Mr. Henry Nsubuga

Mr. Nsubuga disclosed that Mental Health is one of the biggest challenges affecting the wellbeing of humans. He therefore advised students experiencing mental health issues to always seek professional counselling and guidance services, stressing that early access to support contributes to a successful, healthy, and a fulfilling university experience.

He appealed to students to support members within the University community who could be dealing with mental health issues due to pressures from home, workload, retakes, hunger, financial difficulties, painful relationships, poor performance in class, anxiety, drug and substance abuse, loss of loved ones, neglect and discrimination, by referring them to the Makerere University Counselling and Guidance Centre.

Ensuring a Safe University Environment

Dr Michael Walimbwa, a Staff Safeguarding Champion at CEES accompanied by Ms. Agnes Nambuya and the Student Safeguarding Champions at CEES presented some of the safeguarding tips and principles.

Staff Safeguarding Champion at CEES,Dr Michael Walimbwa accompanied by Ms. Agnes Nambuya and the Student Safeguarding Champions at CEES

The Staff Safeguarding Champions at CEES namely Dr Michael Walimba and Ms Agnes Nambuya accompanied by the CEES Student Safeguarding Champions sensitized the first year students on the concept of safeguarding.

“Safeguarding is about protecting members of Makerere University from harassment, neglect, and any behavior that threatens safety,” explained Dr Walimbwa.

Dr Walimbwa reminded the students that creating a safe university environment is a collective responsibility. He challenged students to report any cases of harassment, misconduct, or situations affecting their well-being through established university safeguarding channels, including safeguarding champions, academic leaders, and reporting platforms.

Academic Procedures and Policies

College Registrar – Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana

During the CEES Orientation, the Office of the College Registrar was effectively represented by Mrs. Joanna Kayaga Kiwana-College Registrar, Ms. Molly Nantongo-School of Education Registrar, and Mr. Sanderson Acati-Registrar at the East African School of Higher Education Studies and Development.

Mrs Kayaga Kiwana outlined some of the key academic policies and regulations to guide the first year students during the course of study. She advised the students to follow the respective timetables and ensure that they are in the right place at the right time. She equally emphasized the need to follow the registration procedures and guidelines, and stressed the need to provide authentic information during the documentation and registration process.

Mrs Kayaga Kiwana outlined some of the key academic policies and regulations to guide the first year students during the course of study. She advised the students to follow the respective timetables and ensure that they are in the right place at the right time. She equally emphasized the need to follow the registration procedures and guidelines, and stressed the need to provide authentic information during the documentation and registration process.

Financial Discipline and Timely Fees Payment

The College Bursar, Mr. Stephen Kayima and the Accountant-Mr. Godfrey Wasikye underscored the need to follow the University financial procedures and ensure timely payment of tuition and other University fees.

The College Bursar – Mr. Stephen Kayima

Mr. Kayima emphasized that all tuition and functional fees should be paid through the official university payment system using a Payment Registration Number (PRN), cautioning students against relying on unofficial payment channels.

Mr. Kayima urged students to prioritize tuition payments within the stipulated timelines to maintain uninterrupted access to university services and academic activities.

Library Support Services and Promoting a Reading Culture

Ms Frascesca Musimenta, from the CEES Library, encouraged students to develop a culture of reading, conduct research, and utilize library services throughout their academic journey.

Ms. Frascesca Musimenta from CEES Library

She highlighted the role of the university library in supporting learning through access to books, journals, research materials, and study spaces, encouraging students to take advantage of these resources.

 Balancing Academics with Campus Engagement

The 92nd Guild Minister for Academic Affairs, Makerere University, Hon. Neena Elsie Kalazani, congratulated the first-year students upon their admission and advised them to approach their studies with commitment and discipline.

The 92nd Guild Minister for Academic Affairs, Makerere University, Hon. Neena Elsie Kalazani

She urged students to attend lectures consistently, complete coursework on time, read beyond classroom requirements, and strive for academic excellence.

Beyond academics, Hon. Neena Kalazani encouraged students to participate in clubs, associations, and leadership opportunities, noting that such engagements help develop leadership skills, build networks, and create a more enriching university experience.

She called upon students to embrace the wider Makerere community and balance academic excellence with active participation in campus life.

The orientation program concluded with student leaders presenting the various clubs and associations within the College, encouraging first-year students to actively participate in co-curricular activities that promote leadership, teamwork, networking, and personal development.

The engagement provided students with essential guidance on navigating university life, emphasizing academic excellence, responsible conduct, personal well-being, and effective utilization of available university resources.

The Orientation session was moderated by Ms. Ritah Namisango, Principal Communication Officer at Makerere University, and Hon. Peter Kisakye, the Speaker, Makerere Education Students Association (MESA). Ms. Namisango acknowledged the College Chairperson, Mr. Anthony Bakashaba and his entire student leadership team for the selfless service exhibited during the orientation activities lined up at the College (Monday 3rd to Friday 7th August 2026). She also recognized the CEES Choir led by Dr Benon Kigozi for participating in the College Orientation.

The CEES Choir led by Dr Benon Kigozi performing during the Orientation

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Ritah Namisango
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Building Education System Resilience in a Poly-Crisis: Regional Perspectives

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Building Education System Resilience in a Poly-Crisis: Regional Perspectives. Photo: RAN, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

By Israel Muwanguzi

In this blogpost, part of #TheSouthAlsoKnows blog series, Aranza Ballesteros, Cathrine Brun, Santiago Cueto, Khoi Vinh Dang, Thi Ly Le, Roy William Mayega, Krishneel Reddy, Rachel Saliba, Maha Shuayb, Anthony Ssebagereka, Julius Ssentongo, and Tetiana Zheriobkina bring together six regional perspectives on education system resilience as part of the GPE KIX Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative.      

In the context of a growing poly-crisis, complex challenges such as climate change, forced migration, conflict and economic shocks increasingly intersect and compound one another. These overlapping crises have direct and indirect effects on education systems, which are deeply vulnerable to the uncertainties of rapid change. Strengthening education system resilience — the capacity to not only withstand shocks but adapt and evolve over time — is therefore critical. While resilience sometimes risks becoming another buzzword, it has important implications for how education systems are understood, governed and supported. Yet there is still no clear consensus on what education system resilience means in theory or practice.

Through the Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative, implemented under the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) Knowledge and Innovation Exchange (KIX), six regional observatories are helping fill this gap. They are examining potential future disruptions to education systems and how resilience is understood and practiced within these systems — across GPE partner countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central AsiaSouth and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific.

Emerging findings suggest that while understandings of resilience vary across contexts, and use of the term remains uneven in education policy documents, education systems in each region are integrating elements of risk reduction and preparedness planning, though often in reaction to past or ongoing crises. Findings also suggest that while policies recognize the needs of vulnerable learners disproportionately affected by shocks and disruptions, this rarely translates into targeted action, though gradual progress is being made.

Understanding resilience across contexts, knowledge systems and languages

Education system resilience is neither a fixed concept nor universally understood. Instead, it is shaped by local contexts and lived realities, Indigenous knowledges and the perspectives of different stakeholders. These influences are further reflected in language, as many local terms associated with resilience do not align neatly with the English concept. Resilience is often articulated through related ideas     —     such as school safety, disaster preparedness, learning continuity and educational quality improvement.

In countries frequently affected by disasters, resilience is often framed around awareness raising, preparedness, risk management and adaptation. This includes building safer schools, integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) into curricula, and training teachers to respond to emergencies. Hurricane-prone Caribbean island states, for example, prioritize disaster-resilient infrastructure and plan for distance learning during hurricane season. In conflict-affected settings, resilience centres on finding alternative ways to keep education going when national systems falter or collapse. In South Sudan, amid conflict and climate shocks, resilience is closely linked to maintaining educational continuity through community-based contingency planning and by aligning school calendars with seasonal realities.

Indigenous knowledge systems frame resilience in ways that challenge narrow or technical definitions. In the Pacific region, resilience is inseparable from Indigenous ways of knowing which foreground communal identities and relational systems that connect people to land, ocean and spirit. Rather than a system’s ability to “bounce back”, resilience is understood as sustaining continuity across generations, preserving culture and collective wellbeing. Accordingly, resilience is cultivated through networks of kinship and communities that share responsibility for learning and survival. It is experienced as an ongoing cycle of adaptation that is deeply ecological and spiritual.

Language itself gives resilience distinct meanings in different contexts. In Arabic, several translations of “resilience” exist, each with distinct implications. The most common term, murūna (flexibility or adaptability), refers to adjusting to and coping with crises. Another widely invoked concept, sumūd (steadfastness), looks beyond survival to include resistance, dignity, liberation and the pursuit of a just future. With murūna, the focus is on whether a system can continue to function under pressure, whether or not that functioning aligns with community aspirations or meaningful educational outcomes.

Across regions, these nuances mean that resilience is often articulated through context-specific concepts rather than the term itself. In South and Southeast Asia, resilience is conveyed through a cluster of terms that emphasize coping with disruption, adaptation and the need to sustain learning under crisis conditions. In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, educational resilience is more often described in terms of effectiveness, stability, adaptability, relevance, modernization, quality enhancement and sustainability.

The framing of resilience also varies by stakeholder, reflecting differing roles and priorities. In sub-Saharan Africa, national policymakers emphasize maintaining teaching and learning during crises while aligning resilience efforts with broader national agendas. Local communities and civil society organizations focus on community‑based action, resource availability and partnerships that safeguard learning at the local level. Teachers tend to define resilience as their ability to adapt pedagogical practices, manage changing learning environments, and continue teaching despite constraints.

Resilience in policy documents

Across regions, the term “resilience” is used unevenly in education policies, with more frequent references to related concepts like disaster risk management or system strengthening. It is often framed around selected components of system functioning rather than whole-system perspectives. In many contexts, individual resilience is emphasized over system-level capacities. Moreover, the term tends to appear mainly in documents produced or influenced by international development actors, who play an active role in shaping resilience agendas in both policy and practice.

In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, “resilience” appears mainly in broad national development strategies: in education-specific documents, related concepts associated with crisis management and preparedness, DRR and climate adaptation are more commonly used instead. In LAC, resilience is largely absent from education laws and curricula but appears more often in education strategic plans — particularly in Caribbean countries — where it is linked to infrastructure, technology and innovation, student wellbeing and climate resilience. Across Pacific Island countries, the term is beginning to feature in education sector plans and regional frameworks such as the Pacific Regional Education Framework 2018-2030, albeit unevenly. When “resilience” appears, it is typically situated within adaptation and DRR rather than as a comprehensive education system resilience framing.

The emphasis placed on individual versus system-level resilience also varies. In LAC, resilience is more often framed around developing students’ skills for coping with shocks and disruptions. By contrast, education policies in Timor-Leste, the Philippines and Vietnam tend to reference both individual and system-level dimensions of resilience.

International development actors have played a central role in introducing resilience into policy discourse and shaping how it is operationalized, including through funding targeted areas such as DRR, emergency preparedness and school infrastructure improvement. Although this has expanded the space for resilience‑related work, it raises important questions about local ownership, cultural grounding and alignment with local priorities and practices. In the Pacific, Indigenous notions of resilience are rarely referenced by international actors, while in MENA, more local, justice‑oriented and transformative interpretations such as sumūd are overlooked.

Resilience in practice

Although the term is not always explicitly used, countries have developed a wide range of practices that align closely with resilience, shaped by lived realities and the dominant risks they face. Most of these practices focus on system strengthening, planning and responding to shocks and disruptions.

In the Pacific, recurrent natural hazards have led to school safety programs, emergency school feeding, multimodal learning, community-based contingency planning and investment in resilient infrastructure. In MENA, issues of conflict and displacement have led to measures such as double-shift schooling and digital and hybrid learning. In line with their understandings of resilience, most countries focus on practices that strengthen systems so they can withstand disruptions and ensure learning continuity and system functioning, rather than practices such as anticipation, planning, prevention and mitigation. This is the case in sub‑Saharan Africa, where education strategic plans refer to anticipation, planning, prevention and mitigation but concentrate primarily on system strengthening — such as by investing in ICT for distance learning, integrating DRR and decentralizing decision‑making to enable local action during crises.

Most existing practices tend to be reactive, addressing crises after they occur. Where forward-looking risk analytics and early warning systems exist, they are typically embedded in national DRR frameworks rather than education-specific plans. These frameworks call for continuous hazard monitoring, risk assessment that identifies vulnerable groups, and checks on infrastructure and school safety. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have placed greater emphasis on forward-looking monitoring and reporting. For instance, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines have started to promote school safety committees to strengthen preparedness. But approaches remain uneven across regions. In practice, anticipation still leans on lessons from past shocks, with initiatives centered mainly on natural hazard forecasting and preparedness. While this focus is necessary, it can overlook other significant disruptions and limit readiness for new risks emerging at greater speed and scale.

Disproportionate impacts on vulnerable learners

Vulnerable groups are disproportionately affected during disruptions, as crises amplify existing inequalities and deepen barriers to education access and retention. Across regions, policy recognition of vulnerable learners rarely translates into targeted action to address their specific challenges. Resilience efforts tend to prioritize access and continuity, without adequately addressing the needs of vulnerable learners or tackling structural barriers that drive their marginalization.

In Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, countries have established legal frameworks promoting inclusive education, but implementation gaps remain: materials adapted for students with disabilities are limited, qualified teachers are concentrated in urban areas, and crisis response protocols rarely explicitly address vulnerable groups. In MENA, Africa and LAC, strategic plans likewise call for inclusion and identify barriers facing marginalized populations, but lack clear measures to overcome them.

Across regions, resilience efforts tend to prioritize maintaining access to education and continuity of learning. Far less attention is given to learning quality, socio-emotional wellbeing and the underlying issues that make some students more vulnerable to disruptions. This omission risks inadvertently reinforcing inequalities. For example, in Lebanon, inclusion is often framed around the enrolment of refugees or children with disabilities — without addressing intersecting inequalities such as poverty and unequal resource distribution that disproportionately limit access among these groups.

Despite these challenges, countries are taking steps to address the needs of vulnerable groups, including during crises. Remedial programs to reintegrate out-of-school children, enhanced digital connectivity for remote learning, more accessible school infrastructure and adapted learning materials are just a few examples. Sierra Leone’s National Policy on Radical Inclusion prioritizes access to quality education for marginalized groups — particularly children with disabilities, pregnant girls, rural learners and those from low-income households — by promoting inclusive learning environments and community engagement. Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia are strengthening digital access and skills to better connect students in remote and nomadic communities.

While the risks and crises differ across regions, the impacts on vulnerable groups tend to converge. Whether due to conflict, climate extremes or economic collapse — crises compound the barriers already faced by marginalized learners.

A need for comprehensive, locally owned resilience planning

Evidence from the Observatory initiative shows that education system resilience remains an evolving concept, with understandings in different regions shaped by lived realities, local knowledge and stakeholder perspectives. These differing views of resilience can be broadly seen as a spectrum — from reactive, short-term responses that focus on coping to more proactive, anticipatory and holistic approaches that strengthen systems over the long term and reduce reliance on crisis response. Resilience can be framed around specific system components or seen as a comprehensive, whole-system approach. Understandings of its aim range from sustaining existing education systems — including their flaws — to transforming these systems by addressing the root causes of vulnerability and fragility. These different framings have important implications for how education systems are governed and supported in the era of poly-crisis.

As disruptions become more frequent, complex and interconnected, we need to move beyond a narrow focus on emergencies toward a more comprehensive systems perspective. Making this shift requires integrating resilience into long-term planning and financing, with greater investment in foresight and anticipatory approaches. Regional observatories are addressing this gap by conducting horizon scans, developing future scenarios and promoting foresight practices among stakeholders. However, many countries have limited funding to address immediate crises, let alone build toward long-term education system resilience. Any such efforts tend to rely on technical and funding support from international development actors, which can create path dependency and limit national ownership.

Moving forward, reorienting education systems will likely require innovative approaches to financing and supporting their resilience. In a world of growing and intersecting disruptions, resilience can no longer be an add-on — it must become a core capability of education systems.

About the authors

The authors of this blog post are implementing partners of the GPE KIX Observatory on Education System Resilience initiative. Details about each regional observatory and implementing partner can be found on the GPE KIX website. Author names appear in alphabetical order by last name to reflect their equal authorship.

Article originally posted on RAN

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Makerere University Signs MoU with Fukui University to enhance Research, Teacher Development and STEM Education

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By Ritah Namisango and Monica Meeme

In June 2026, Makerere University and the University of Fukui in Japan, formalized their collaboration by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance education through collaborative research, knowledge exchange and professional development of teachers.

The MoU was signed by the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe on behalf of Makerere University, and Dr. Yuu Kimura, the Dean, the United Graduate School of Professional Teachers on behalf of the University of Fukui.

The University of Fukui aims to promote world-class education and research in science and technology for people’s well-being, while providing advanced medical services to local residents. Makerere University is one of the oldest and leading institutions of higher learning in Africa. It is a renowned centre of academic excellence, research and innovations.

In the MoU, both universities commit to undertake academic and educational research, strengthen partnerships in education and ICT, promote joint international engagements, and enhance knowledge exchange and cooperation for mutual institutional development.

At Makerere University, the MoU signed by the Vice Chancellor on 12th June 2026, will be implemented through the College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education (DSTVE). The Programme Coordinators include: Dr. Reymick Oketch-Principal Investigator, and Associate Professor Josephine Esaete with the College Principal-Prof. Anthony M. Mugagga providing the oversight function.  At the University of Fukui, the Programme Coordinators include: Associate Professor Kosaka Masato and Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri.

Exchange of the MoU between Makerere University and the University of Fukui

On 19th June 2026, the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe presented the MoU to the University of Fukui, Japan represented by Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri and Associate Professor Masato Kosaka.

The signing parties explained that the MoU institutionalizes the collaboration between Makerere University, College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education (DSTVE) and the University of Fukui, the United Graduate School of Professional Teachers, which began in 2024.

Through this collaboration, the parties have been implementing the Japanese Lesson Study approach, a model that promotes teamwork among teachers through joint lesson planning, classroom observation, co-teaching, and reflective learning. “The initiative is aimed at improving teaching practices and enhancing the implementation of competence-based and activity-based learning in schools.”

As part of the partnership, Dr. Oketch reported that Makerere University works closely with secondary schools, including King’s College Budo and Kalinabiri Secondary School, where lecturers and teachers collaborate to improve classroom instruction.

Dr. Oketch pointed out that the collaboration encourages teachers to work together, share experiences, observe one another’s lessons, and adopt active teaching methods that improve learning outcomes.

“The programme also supports joint research to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in improving teacher performance and student learning outcomes,” stated Dr. Oketch.

Vice Chancellor proposes setting up of the Centre for Teacher Professional Development

In his remarks, the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Nawangwe praised the growing collaboration between Makerere University and the University of Fukui of Japan, describing it as a valuable partnership for strengthening teacher professional development through engagement, mentorship, and innovative teaching practices.

Reflecting on his earlier visits to Japan, the Vice Chancellor noted that his connection with the country has left a lasting impression on him and demonstrated the kindness, trust, and hospitality of the Japanese people.

The Vice Chancellor called upon the University of Fukui to support the ongoing efforts aimed at establishing a Centre for Teacher Professional Development at Makerere University, which would provide a strong platform for expanding collaboration and enhancing professional learning among educators.

“The Centre for Teacher Professional Development in Science in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) at Makerere University, will benefit educators in Uganda and beyond,” said the Vice Chancellor.

Valuable opportunities for addressing educational challenges

In his address, Associate Professor Masato Kosaka from the University of Fukui commended Makerere University for the growing partnership, describing the collaboration as an important milestone in advancing educational research and professional development.

He noted that the collaboration has already yielded valuable opportunities for engagement, including visits to secondary schools and discussions on joint research initiatives aimed at addressing educational challenges. “The interactions with secondary schools in Uganda have strengthened the shared commitment of both universities to improving education through collaboration, innovation, and research,” he said.

He expressed optimism that the signed MoU will deepen collaborative research, promote academic exchange, and create meaningful opportunities for students, educators, and researchers from both institutions in the years ahead.

A brief about the activities that led to the Signing of the MoU

In an interview with the CEES Communication Office, Dr. Reymick Oketch, the Principal Investigator and a Biology Teacher Educator, explained that the MoU was signed during the two-week visit by delegates from the University of Fukui, Associate Professor Takuya Numajiri and Associate Professor Masato Kosaka, to Makerere University, College of Education and External Studies, Department of Science, Technology and Vocational Education.

He highlighted the growing impact of the collaboration in strengthening teacher education and STEM learning. He emphasized the importance of teacher capacity development that promotes teamwork, peer support, and reflective learning.

Dr. Oketch disclosed that the partnership extends beyond research and classroom practice to include staff and teacher exchange programmes between Uganda and Japan. “Educators from both countries have been presented with opportunities to observe teaching methods, share experiences, and learn from one another,” he said.

The collaboration has opened pathways for further education, with selected teachers receiving opportunities to pursue advanced studies in Japan. He encouraged educators and student teachers to embrace collaborative teaching, reflective practice, and learner-centered approaches that place students at the heart of the learning process.

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