Members of the community in Eastern Uganda take part in one of the engagements on vaccine safety with researchers from the Makerere University Centre for Health and Population research (MUCHAP) on 13th September 2019.
Public health is concerned with protecting and improving the health of people and their communities by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases.
Immunisation as a public health intervention offers a critical opportunity to elevate mother and newborn health on the broader health and development agenda and catalyze progress towards sustainable development. It protects mothers, the developing fetus, and young infants during vulnerable time in their lives.Maternal immunisation not only boosts the mother’s immunity against dangerous pathogens, but a mother’s antibodies can be passed to her unborn baby in-utero through the placenta or through breast milk thereby protecting her and the baby from life-threatening illnesses. For new-born babies, these maternal antibodies provide essential protection during a “window of vulnerability” when infants are too young to get their own immunizations.
There is progress in development and accessibility to life saving vaccines. However, some communities in developed and developing countries still harbour suspicions about such interventions. This mistrust affects proper and timely uptake of new vaccines. Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges of misinformation and negative narratives around safety of vaccines and new medicines. Narratives like Africans are ‘guinea pigs’ for the western world have led to avoidance of life saving interventions.
Community engagements improve health literacy through collaborative processes between stakeholders and communities to identify the needs and pursue corrective strategies. They facilitate equal participation where everyone shares information, perspectives, clarification of viewpoints and developing solutions. Communities are empowered to develop local solutions to achieve common goals and to overcome barriers.
Researchers at Makerere University Centre for Health and Population research (MUCHAP) conducted such engagements in Eastern Uganda to discuss issues around immunization programs, vaccine safety and introduction of new vaccines for pregnant women. Emphasis was on joint problem identification and analysis to craft a preferred state. Sessions were participatory and empowering for members, deepened understanding through listening, and common goals and action points were developed. Participants understood vaccine preventable illnesses as both infectious and non-communicable diseases with some not having any known vaccine.
Some of their sentiments on maternal and neonatal immunization, and introduction of new vaccines were legitimate while others were inaccurate: ‘new vaccines should be brought to market when it has no side effects’;‘it is important to save lives of pregnant women if the older vaccines have weakened, new vaccines are good for pregnant women because many get affected with several medical problems, new vaccines will fight against the increasing diseases which are harmful to the health of pregnant women like candida’; ‘it may reduce the number of pregnant women who undergo caesarean section during times of delivery’. Such views point to vaccine acceptability.
Negative opinions related to immunization of pregnant women included: ‘during the introduction of Hepatitis B vaccine, some people were told that the vaccine may prevent them from giving birth’;‘new vaccines may lead to delivery of deformed babies’, and ‘they want to deter young potential mothers from producing children to control population size and their children will not be pregnant in future through the introduction of new vaccines’.
The two major causes of infant deaths that disproportionately impact those living in LMICs are Group B streptococcus (GBS) and respiratory syncytial disease (RSV). No licensed vaccines currently exist against GBS, but work is underway to develop a vaccine that can begiven to pregnant women so that newborns are protected even before birth. On the other hand, the treatments available for RSV are limited but several vaccines are in development.
As we wait for the vaccines in pipeline, it is important to listen to communities through engagements. This will (a) correct the misinformation and negative narratives, (b) mitigate the spread of negative stories by some groups out of ignorance (c) improve health literacy, and (e) access organic information from those impacted by such interventions. If the negative narratives are not explained to clear false impressions, we risk avoidable vaccine preventable morbidities and mortalities now and in future.
By Dan Kajungu Msc. PhD Lead Research Scientist and Director, MUCHAP Vaccines and Medicines safety Researcher
Makerere University School of Public Health invites applications for a PhD fellowship under the Wellcome Trust-supported NETOMA study, which examines the coexistence of health worker shortages and unemployment among qualified health professionals in Africa.
The successful candidate will undertake doctoral research involving ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative analysis of health workers’ professional identities, employment experiences and livelihoods. Applicants should hold a Master’s degree in Anthropology, Sociology, Development Studies, Political Economy or a closely related discipline, with training in qualitative research methods.
Through a European Union (EU) funded initiative, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital are hosting a German oncology reconstruction specialist Professor Dr. Thiha AUNG. AUNG is a surgeon, trainer at the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (THD), and researcher on cancer from the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Germany.
With his international expertise in oncology and medical management roles at his home institution, his visit is a valuable addition to Uganda’s capacity building efforts in medical advancement.
Prof. Aung who arrived in Uganda in late September 2026 and has since then conducted free identified patient specialised surgeries and training for locals. These are expected to span two weeks. For the period, his service intersects medical expertise and humanitarian efforts.
This is not Prof. Aung’s first time in the country; his first major visit was in 2023, when he performed life-changing free surgeries on early patients. He then made medical history in June 2024 when he arrived to perform Africa’s first-ever lymph node transplant at Mulago Hospital.
It was against this background that the Makerere Public Relations Office engaged him in an exclusive interview to share his philosophy on medical service, his experiences in oncology reconstruction, and his unwavering belief that passion and dedication rather than just resources are the true drivers of sustainable medical progress.
Transforming Lives Through Oncology Reconstruction
At the heart of his mission through the ERASMUS – Oncology/Lymphedema project, is the treatment of lymphedema, a condition often referred to as elephantiasis.
In Europe, such surgeries can cost between 80,000 and 100,000 euros, making them inaccessible to many.
Thankfully, Professor and his team, including some of his post graduate students like Anna Friedrich (B.Sc) and Sophia Waser (B.Sc., PA) from the Institute of Medical Science and Engineering, have once again brought this specialised care to Uganda pro bono.
Professor AUNG with the article author.
He highlights the story of a teacher who, after receiving surgery, regained her quality of life and returned to the classroom. For him, the impact is exponential. “You change one life, but this person changes a lot in the community.”
This shift from individual surgery to the long-term wellbeing of the community, reinforces the local impact of these services.
Professor AUNG’s Personal Conviction
The professor confessed that inherently, he commands himself that beyond knowledge, true progress is driven by passion and will rather than resources.
He does not agree with those that think money and resources are the sole prerequisite for change in the medical world, stating, “you cannot change with money only.” Rather, he upholds the importance of personal decision and commitment.
When discussing the challenges of working in resource-limited settings, he maintains a simple, direct explanation “it’s always beyond the money.”
Ultimately, the Professor believes that if he can provide the spark, his students and patients can carry through with the same flame for significant change.
Motivation to Serve in Uganda
When asked about his inspiration for entering the field and now volunteering to work in Uganda, he explained that his primary goal was always to serve others. “That’s why I finished my medical school to help as many people as possible with my skills.”
Professor AUNG gestures during the interview.
He views his medical expertise not as a tool for the privileged, but as a universal resource., “People are all the same, their anatomy is the same. So, I can help all these people pretty well,” Prof AUNG remarked.
His approach is motivated by a pay it forward dogma where treating a single patient creates a broader societal benefit. He illustrates this through his work with patients who, after surgery, are able to return to their professions like the teacher earlier mentioned.
Tips for Medical Professionals working in Uganda
As a foundation for professional growth, the Professor advised medical professionals working in Uganda to prioritise genuine interest in their work because he believes it is “the most important…” for “if you are interested, you will go far in the profession.”
He further reinforced the human capacity point, noting, “no matter what kind of equipment you have… it all depends on the people operating them and the patient.”
Professor AUNG concluded by encouraging doctors to overcome resource fears through action, stating, “If you want to create impact or change, you do.”
Dr. AUNG is part of the Lymphoedema Warriors Association (LWAU) in Uganda. He describes it as a grassroots organisation and commends them for “leveling the grond”. He reiterated his commitment to work with the organisation in reviewing patient reports to determine the best course of treatment.
Makerere University’s School of Public Health (MakSPH) showcased research, training and international partnerships supported through European Union funding during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair 2026 held at Makerere University.
The fair brought together students, researchers, academics, government representatives and development partners to explore opportunities in education, research, innovation and international collaboration, while celebrating 50 years of partnership between Uganda and the European Union.
Through its exhibition, MakSPH highlighted research and capacity building initiatives addressing public health challenges including infectious diseases, non communicable diseases, health systems, climate change and pandemic preparedness.
18 EU funded projects supported at MakSPH
Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of Students, School of Public Health, said the School has benefited from 18 EU funded projects over the past five years, supporting research and training across several areas of public health.
Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze explains MakSPH research projects to Acting Minister of Education and Sports Dr John Chrysostom Muyingo during a tour of exhibition stands at the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair.
She said the projects have contributed to the training of PhD researchers and the development of research addressing infectious diseases and prevention, non communicable diseases, health systems, climate change and health.
Prof. Wanyenze also highlighted a new five year programme which started in 2021 that is aiming at strengthening capacity for research on pandemic preparedness and response, including outbreaks such as Ebola.
Stella Kakeeto interacts with students during the EU Uganda Research and Study Fair
Another programme being undertaken with the Ministry of Health and Karolinska Institute focuses on improving maternal health while also addressing adolescent pregnancy and the health of mothers and children.
She described partnerships as critical to advancing science and innovation, noting that collaboration allows researchers in Africa and Europe to share knowledge and strengthen the impact of research on communities.
Research partnerships strengthen innovation
Prof. Robert Wamala, Director of the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships at Makerere University, said the exhibition provided an opportunity to showcase EU funded projects across the University.
He noted that the School of Public Health alone has more than 18 such projects, while other colleges also have several EU supported initiatives.
Prof. Julius Okuni
One of the projects showcased was PREPARE TID, a partnership aimed at developing rapid diagnostic technologies for emerging and re emerging infectious diseases.
Prof. Julius Okuni, Associate Professor of Veterinary Pathobiology and Molecular Diagnostics at Makerere University, said the project brings together universities, industries and other organisations from Africa and Europe.
The project is working to develop technologies that can quickly identify pathogens responsible for outbreaks such as Ebola, Rift Valley fever and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever.
According to Prof. Okuni, Makerere is involved in field and laboratory work to test and refine the technologies before they can be delivered to end users.
Fair provides platform for research visibility
For researchers at MakSPH, the fair also provided an opportunity to increase the visibility of ongoing research and create new connections with researchers, policymakers and potential funders.
Dr. Raymond Tweheyo, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, said such exhibitions allow researchers to share their work and identify others working on related challenges.
Dr. Raymond Tweheyo and Assoc. Prof. Angelina Kakooza Mwesigye at the exhibition
He cited the CONNECT for Health project, which focuses on transforming non-communicable disease care in Uganda through collaboration with partners across several countries.
Dr. Tweheyo said exhibitions can help researchers connect with policymakers, civil society organisations and other partners who can contribute to translating research into practical solutions.
Assoc. Prof. Angelina Kakooza Mwesigye, Associate Professor and Child Neurologist at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, also emphasised the importance of exposing young people to international research opportunities.
She said the long standing Uganda Europe partnership provides opportunities for the next generation of researchers to learn, build networks and prepare for future research collaborations.
The School of Public Health’s participation highlighted the role of international partnerships in strengthening research capacity, supporting innovation and developing evidence based responses to Uganda’s public health challenges.