General
Role of the River Nile – now more important than ever before!
The Nile has for a long time been a rallying cause for regional cooperation, as well as a potential cause of conflict due to its waters. There have been several myths about the Nile that have all raised their fair share of queries for example, where is the true source of the Nile?
The Nile has for a long time been a rallying cause for regional cooperation, as well as a potential cause of conflict due to its waters. There have been several myths about the Nile that have all raised their fair share of queries for example, where is the true source of the Nile?
Is it in Uganda or Rwanda? Other commentators have gone as far as suggesting it is in Burundi, and others Ethiopia, with some even suggesting Egypt! The Masai culture was built around legends on the River Nile, should we then say that the Nile has its source in Masailand?
All these questions pose a challenge – there is need to do extensive research. These different Nile worlds should therefore each be appreciated and reevaluated for authenticity. The goal of research therefore is to reconstruct a nonpartisan evidence-based concept of the Nile.
“The role of researchers is to look at the Nile Region in a different way from politicians and community members. In order to reconstruct these diverse water worlds, you need some analytical concepts that are not reductionist but are as open as possible,” Prof. Terje Tvedt-University of Bergen noted, while giving the main Keynote address at the three day conference under the central theme “Collaboration in the Nile Basin: The Way Forward”
Makerere University hosted this conference, which ran from 25th – 27th October, 2010 at the Speke Resort Munyonyo, where alumni, policymakers, water managers and academic experts from the ten Nile Basin countries gathered for yet another landmark Annual Nile Basin Research Conference.
Discussions on the strengthening of research collaboration across the Nile Basin were undertaken, with several institutions presenting their experiences and models on the way forward. A series of panel debates were also held on topics ranging from climate and health to cultural heritage and the history of Nile Development.
The Nile Basin Research Programme (NBRP) was launched in 2007 with funding from the Norwegian Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Up to 60 researchers from the ten Nile Basin countries Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi and DRC have so far participated in the guest researcher programme, clearly showing that the alumni stretches across borders and beyond politics.
Welcoming participants to the workshop, Prof. Edward Kirumira, Head, Nile Basin Research Programme (NBRP), Makerere University explained that the Makerere University-University of Bergen collaboration is a framework that highlights the importance of collaboration as playing a major role in the Nile Basin Region and within the African continent as a whole.
“We are looking at research as a commodity for public good and in collaboration, we have to think medium term and long term for meaningful partnerships that allow for growth of public good,” Prof. Kirumira remarked. He added that with guiding principles such as teacher exchange, Interdisciplinary collaboration, students’ exchange programmes and expansion of collaboration beyond academics, the Makerere-Bergen collaboration is surely on track with regard to achieving its objectives.
Addressing the conference on behalf of the Vice Chancellor Makerere University, Prof. Ikoja Odong highlighted that as an institution that prides itself positively in responding to the national cries for information gathering and its accurate dissemination, Makerere University was proud to play host to the Nile Basin Research Programme (NBRP). The Programme, through regional collaboration is contributing to informing the process of reaching an agreement on how best the resources of the great River Nile can be shared by the ten Nile Basin countries.
“By producing a knowledgebase bank through research, writing and publishing in various countries across the region, the programme will help mentor junior researchers.” Prof. Ikoja-Odongo remarked.
Professor Ikoja stressed that the Nile Basin Research Programme is pertinent and in line with the institution’s mandate to increase research output and adopt knowledge transfer partnerships
Representing the Minister of Water and Environment Uganda, Eng. Kashillingi Mugisha, the Director, Water Resources Management, assured the participants that the Government of Uganda will continue to support and encourage this research agenda, and the research results will be used by the government in making policy decisions regarding the management of the Nile Basin water resources.
Closing the conference on 27th October 2010, the Norwegian Ambassador to Uganda H.E. Thorbjørn Gaustadsæther launched the series of books that the researchers have published, to mark the end of the first phase of the Nile Basin Region Research Programme.
Downloads
The Vice Chancellor's Remarks MS Word version, PDF version
Burundi's Water Resource Management in the Context of the Nile Basin Powerpoint
Climate Change in Africa: the need to move from science to action Powerpoint
Nile Basin Map Powerpoint
Unlocking Econ Growth & Devt potentials in the Nile Basin Powerpoint
Article by Moreen Katushabe
The Gender Mainstreaming Directorate (GMD), Makerere University on 14th September 2021 presented findings from phase one of the study on Enhancing Women’s Participation and Visibility in Leadership and Decision-Making Organs of Public Universities in Uganda through Action Research. The study team led by the Director GMD and Principal Investigator (PI), Dr. Euzobia Mugisha Baine also consists of Assoc. Prof. Consolata Kabonesa, Dr. Anna Ninsiima, Ms. Frances Nyachwo, Ms. Susan Mbabazi and Mr. Eric Tumwesigye.
The team is also made of coordinators from participating Universities such as Busitema University-Ms. Elizabeth Birabwa, Kabale University-Sr. Dr. Eva Tumusiime, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST)-Dr. Specioza Twinamasiko, Muni University-Ms. Amandru Stella Wawa, and Gulu Univeristy-Sr. Rosalba Aciro.
Funded by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF), the study was inspired by the fact that women are persistently few in numbers as staff, more so in leadership and decision-making organs of Ugandan Public Universities. “This is despite all the various efforts at national and international levels; the numbers are not growing as fast as needed to meet development goals of the country” explained Dr. Euzobia.
Based on this background, the study team therefore sought to conduct a situational analysis of the gender terrain of the six public universities to obtain baseline information encompassing the composition of governance and leadership organs and senior staff by sex, as well as a needs assessment and profiles of potential mentors and mentees.
Furthermore, the team sought to explore the capacity to conduct gender-responsive research as well as the role of male staff engagement in gender equity interventions within the universities as the drivers of development.
Dr. Mugisha-Baine shared that results of the baseline would then be used to design participatory training manuals or guides on gender and leadership. The manuals would cover; Institutionalized mentorship, How to conduct gender-responsive research, gender and equity budgeting, among others.
“Within these manuals, we shall have a male staff engagement strategy in gender equity interventions in universities” she explained.
The development of the aforementioned materials would then be followed by their adoption and use to build capacity for women not only in leadership of participating and other public university but also beyond. “We shall periodically evaluate whether the capacity we have built has influenced women’s participation in leadership and decision-making organs of the university” supplemented the PI.
The capacity building trainings for women, it is envisaged, will lay the foundation for the formation of a functional Uganda University Women’s Think Tank, starting with the six participating universities. Dr. Mugisha Baine added that through this Think Tank, a monitoring and tracking system for gender representation in recruitment, promotion, retention/turnover and leadership of public universities shall be established and maintained.
At the conclusion of phase one, the study team had drafted participatory training manuals in gender and leadership with content on; gender specific critical analysis of the leadership spectrum of public universities, positioning of individual women within the institutional framework and strategies for their advancement, gender equity advocacy in the university setting, institutional mentorship, building capacity in conducting gender-responsive research, among others.
“This content will be validated by the participating universities before the actual research training is conducted” added the PI.
On behalf of the research team, Dr. Mugisha Baine thanked the Government of Uganda for providing the resources that facilitated phase one of the study and prayed that the Mak-RIF Grants Management Committee (GMC) would support the next phase of capacity building.
Speaking on behalf of the Mak-RIF GMC Chairperson, Prof. William Bazeyo, Dr. Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala thanked and congratulated the team led by the Director GMD upon the milestones registered in the critical research.
“We are very proud of that work that is being done by all researchers in Mak-RIF and we would like to most sincerely thank Management for all the support throughout this process” she remarked.
Dr. Nkabala encouraged the research team to continue disseminating and using the findings for the furtherance of gender mainstreaming, particularly through the aspect of male staff engagement in gender equity interventions.
Prior to delivering the keynote address of the day, the Executive Director National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) Prof. Mary Okwakol thanked the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe for inviting her to the important forum, noting that women’s participation in decision making and governance is a priority area of the Uganda Gender Policy 2007.
She commended Makerere University for being at the forefront of gender mainstreaming in Uganda, noting that this prominence was one of the reasons why the Gender in Education Policy 2007 provides for replicating the institution’s strategy in all other Higher Education Institutions.
Prof. Okwakol whose keynote address was punctuated incisive personal examples reaffirmed the statistics that women are generally not visible in leadership of Universities. That notwithstanding, in instances where they rise to leadership and decision-making positions, they are regularly subject to roles traditionally deemed as women’s inconsiderate of their managerial seniority and experience.
She nevertheless rallied the women to play their respective roles in enhancing participation and visibility at a personal level. The following were some of the strategies she proposed; work hard to acquire academic credentials so as to compete favourably with men, acquire necessary administrative training and experience, network among women, join professional networks as well as do research and publish.
On joining professional networks, she shared her personal experience as a young zoologist who joined UNESCO’s Tropical Biology and Fertility Programme. “Within a short time I was appointed Coordinator for Africa and after two years, I was elected as a Member of the International Board of Management. After serving for two years, I became Vice Chairperson of that Board and finally I became Chairperson of that International Board.”
At the institutional level, Prof. Okwakol appealed to the Chairperson Council and Vice Chancellor to proactively recruit women who meet the requirements for leadership positions even if it means actively seeking out the reluctant ones. In this regard, she shared that it would be useful for the university to develop a database of women and their qualifications to ease this process.
She shared that NCHE has in recognition of female underrepresentation at every level in Higher Education approved the establishment of a Gender and Equity Unit with the aim of promoting inclusive gender participation in the sub-sector.
“This unit has been placed under the Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation which implies that as we look out for and regulate quality, gender will be a very important aspect of that regulation” she reassured.
Prof. Okwakol concluded by urging participants to read the; Third National Development Plan (NDPIII), Uganda Vision 2040, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) noting that there is no way all three can be achieved while women are left behind because they each make a case for inclusion of the female gender.
“What we are addressing here are historical injustices” said Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe as he commenced his remarks, “And in the case of Makerere University, it is well known that the institution started as a male-only institution and we all know the original motto was ‘Let us be men’” he added.
Citing examples from history such as; Marie Curie – one of the smartest physicists, Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra – prominent Pharaohs of Egypt, George Eliot, Rosa Luxemburg and Hypatia – all great philosophers as well as Chancellor Angela Merkel – first female Chancellor of Germany, the Vice Chancellor said there is no plausible argument that there are things women cannot do as well as their male counterparts.
He said it was against this knowledge and in a bid to correct historical injustices that Makerere University pioneered initiatives such as putting in place affirmative action for girls, establishing a Gender Mainstreaming Directorate as well as a School of Women and Gender Studies. The Vice Chancellor nevertheless stressed the need to go beyond pioneering to protecting these gains through legislation. “Historically we have seen that discrimination can only be addressed by laws and policies.”
Prof. Nawangwe thanked the Government for providing funds to support Mak-RIF as well as the Funds GMC and Secretariat for ensuring that these funds are put to good use. He equally thanked the Chairperson of Council, Mrs. Lorna Magara for her not only her support but also sparing time to attend a good number of the research dissemination events.
Delivering the concluding remarks, Mrs. Magara acknowledged that the study was timely and relevant the contemporary University, as one of the critical drivers of the national and international development agenda. She therefore reechoed the Vice Chancellor’s thanks to the Government of Uganda for generously supporting the University’s research through Mak-RIF.
Turning to the keynote speaker she said, “I thank Prof. Okwakol for ardently discussing the critical issues affecting the female gender, the strategies to overcome the challenges, including sharing her inspiring personal experiences.”
Mrs. Magara equally thanked Prof. Okwakol for her very instructional analysis, providing mentorship guidance with the resultant impact of enhancing the female gender in decision-making positions. In the same breath she congratulated the PI and her team upon successfully concluding phase one of the project.
“Phase one has generated insights in understanding the status of women in leadership in public universities, the legal and policy framework and its implications on women’s visibility, the institutional mentoring systems and the gaps therein” she observed.
The Chairperson of Council acknowledged that the challenge of underrepresentation of women in leadership roles cannot be resolved at an individual level. She therefore advocated for broad based strategies that can address deep-seated structural and cultural biases facing women. “These include developing mentorship networks, enacting laws and policies that address the imbalances and providing training programmes to address the leadership gaps.”
She therefore pledged the University Council’s unwavering support to the Gender Mainstreaming Programme by ensuring an enabling policy environment that facilitates gender-responsive teaching, learning, research innovation and community service.
The research dissemination was moderated by the Principal Public Relations Officer (PRO), Ms. Ritah Namisango and the Director Communications, Learning and Knowledge Management, ResilientAfrica Network (RAN) and PRO Mak-RIF, Ms. Harriet Adong.
