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Humanities & Social Sciences

Mak Celebrates 10 Years of the Confucius Institute with Launch of Three Associations

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Makerere University on 25th November 2024  marked a decade of cultural and academic partnership with China by celebrating the 10th anniversary of its Confucius Institute and the 20th anniversary of the global Confucius Institutes network. Established in 2014, the Confucius Institute has grown into a key pillar in fostering relations between Uganda and China, language education, cultural exchange, and academic collaboration.

 The event, held at the University Main Hall, featured the launch of three associations: the Confucius Institute Alumni Association, the Uganda Native Chinese Language Teachers Association, and the Uganda Secondary School Chinese Students Association.

The colorful ceremony was presided over by Mr. Mulindwa Israel, Director of Basic and Secondary Education, representing Uganda’s Minister of State for Higher Education. The function was also graced by the representatives of the Chinese Ambassador to Uganda and the Vice President of Xiangtan University.  Makerere University Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe addressed the gathering. The event included cultural performances, speeches, and panel discussions that highlighted the growing ties between Uganda and China.

Uganda’s Ministry of Education Extends Gratitude to Confucius Institute

A representative of Uganda’s Minister of State for Higher Education, Mr. Mulindwa Israel lauded the Confucius Institute at Makerere University for its decade-long role in fostering stronger ties between Uganda and China. Speaking at the Institute’s 10th anniversary celebrations, Mr. Mulindwa, the Director for Basic and Secondary Education at the Ministry of Education and Sports, emphasized the Institute’s pivotal contribution to promoting Chinese language and culture in Uganda.

Mr. Mulindwa Israel represented the State Minister for Higher Education. Celebrating the 10th anniversary of Confucius Institute at Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa and the 20th anniversary of the global Confucius Institutes network, 25th November 2024 in the Main Hall.
Mr. Mulindwa Israel represented the State Minister for Higher Education.

Mr. Mulindwa delivered the message on behalf of the Minister of State for Higher Education, Dr. J.C. Muyingo, who was unable to attend due to another pressing engagement. “It is my great honor to represent the Ministry today as we celebrate a decade of academic collaboration and cultural exchange between Uganda and China,” Mr. Mulindwa stated. “The Confucius Institute has been an important bridge in strengthening the relationship between our two nations.”

Highlighting the Institute’s achievements, Mr. Mulindwa praised its role in introducing Chinese language instruction to Ugandan secondary schools and facilitating teacher training. “This year, we witnessed the significant milestone of Chinese language assistants being deployed across Uganda’s ordinary and advanced secondary schools. I am also excited to note the commitment to train over 500 teachers in the coming years to meet the growing demand for Chinese language education,” he said.

The Director also commended the Institute for its innovative virtual Chinese and Asian Studies program, which has already produced highly qualified graduates in the Chinese language. “This initiative complements the Ministry of Education and Sports’ efforts to train sufficient teachers to meet the increasing demand for Chinese language instruction,” Mr. Mulindwa added.

Reflecting on the philosophy of Confucius, Mr. Mulindwa concluded, “Learning without thought is laborious. Thought without learning is priceless. The Confucius Institute embodies this philosophy, nurturing minds and fostering global citizenship.”

He further expressed gratitude to the Chinese Embassy in Uganda, the leadership of Makerere University, and all partners involved in supporting the Confucius Institute’s success. Mr. Mulindwa assured them of the Ministry’s continued support in advancing cultural understanding, innovation, and cooperation between Uganda and China.

“Congratulations to the Confucius Institute on this remarkable achievement,” Mr. Mulindwa concluded, pledging continued support for the Institute’s future endeavors.

Makerere Vice Chancellor Celebrates 10 Years of Cultural and Educational Achievements

Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe,  hailed the Confucius Institute for its transformative impact on Chinese language education and cultural exchange in Uganda. Prof. Nawangwe emphasized the institution’s role in fostering deeper ties between Uganda and China.

“The Confucius Institute at Makerere University, established in 2014 with the generous support of the Chinese Government and Xiangtan University, has achieved remarkable milestones over the past decade,” Prof. Nawangwe remarked.

The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe addresses the guests. Celebrating the 10th anniversary of Confucius Institute at Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa and the 20th anniversary of the global Confucius Institutes network, 25th November 2024 in the Main Hall.
The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe addresses the guests.

He highlighted the growth of the Chinese language program at Makerere University, which began with just 30 students and now boasts over 4,000 learners across degree programs, short courses, and secondary schools. “This significant growth reflects the increasing interest in Chinese language and culture among Ugandans,” he added.

Prof. Nawangwe acknowledged the Institute’s pivotal role in building partnerships with Chinese companies and institutions, enabling Makerere students and staff to access scholarships and other opportunities in China. He also commended the Institute for serving as a bridge between Uganda and China, enhancing economic and cultural ties.

Looking ahead, the Vice Chancellor outlined an ambitious vision for the next decade. “We envision the Confucius Institute becoming a leading center for Chinese language and cultural studies in East Africa. Our plans include expanding our programs to cover Chinese culture, history, and business, and establishing more partnerships with Chinese enterprises and institutions,” he stated.

Recognizing the challenges of meeting the growing demand for Chinese language skills driven by Uganda-China economic ties, Prof. Nawangwe called for continued investment in programs, infrastructure, and innovation.

He expressed gratitude to the Chinese Government, Xiangtan University, and the Centre for Language Education and Cooperation for their unwavering support. “We are also deeply thankful to our dedicated staff and students, whose efforts have made the Confucius Institute at Makerere University a success,” he noted.

As the celebrations concluded, Prof. Nawangwe reaffirmed Makerere University’s commitment to promoting Chinese language and culture and strengthening the relationship between Uganda and China.

“This 10th anniversary is not just a reflection of our achievements but a beacon for the exciting opportunities that lie ahead,” he concluded.

Directors Celebrate Milestones

 Directors Dr. Gilbert Gumoshabe and Mr. Tang Fei reflected on the Institute’s achievements. They highlighted milestones such as training over 50,000 students in Chinese language and culture, preparing 170 Ugandans as Chinese language teachers, and facilitating the further studies of 200 students and scholars in China.

“Today, we celebrate a journey that has transformed lives and fostered understanding. With unwavering support from our partners, we have moved mountains,” Gumoshabe said

 The Institute has also excelled in hosting cultural events, supporting the introduction of Chinese in Ugandan secondary schools, and launching a Bachelor of Chinese and Asian Studies program that has already produced graduates. Additionally, it has connected students to job opportunities in Chinese companies, significantly improving their livelihoods.

The Confucius Institute at Makerere University Directors Directors Dr. Gilbert Gumoshabe (Left) and Mr. Tang Fei (Right). Celebrating the 10th anniversary of Confucius Institute at Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa and the 20th anniversary of the global Confucius Institutes network, 25th November 2024 in the Main Hall.
The Confucius Institute at Makerere University Directors Directors Dr. Gilbert Gumoshabe (Left) and Mr. Tang Fei (Right).

One of the notable accolades mentioned was the recognition of the Confucius Institute as the “Institute of the Year” in 2018, a testament to its exemplary performance. Other achievements include fostering research in China-Africa relations, excelling in international competitions such as the Chinese Bridge Competition, and organizing cultural activities beyond Makerere University.

The Directors acknowledged the support of Makerere University, particularly under former Vice Chancellor Prof. Ddumba Ssentamu and current Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe. They also extended gratitude to partners such as Xiangtan University, the Chinese Embassy, and the National Curriculum Development Centre, led by Dr. Grace Baguma, for their role in the Institute’s success.

Looking ahead, the Confucius Institute aims to expand academic programs, deepen cultural exchange, and enhance language training to meet growing global demands. The Directors also paid tribute to former CI directors, including Prof. Hong Yonghong, Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire, Ms. Xia Zhuoqiong, and Dr. Zhong Jianghua, for their contributions to the Institute’s growth.

In their closing remarks, the Directors invoked the wisdom of Confucius: “The man who moves a mountain begins by carrying away small stones.” They expressed pride in the journey of hope and persistence that led to this milestone and emphasized their commitment to achieving even greater heights in the years ahead.

Chinese International Education Foundation Applauds Confucius Institute at Makerere for 10 Years of Excellence

The Vice President and Secretary General of the Chinese International Education Foundation congratulated the Confucius Institute at Makerere University on its 10th anniversary, celebrating its achievements in promoting cultural exchange and education between China and Uganda.

In a message delivered during the anniversary celebrations, the foundation commended the collaborative efforts between Makerere University and Xiangtan University. “In the past ten years, Makerere University and Xiangtan University have sincerely cooperated with each other. The Confucius Institute, adhering to the principles of carrying forward traditions, daring to innovate, uniting and cooperating, and dedicating with professionalism, has become an important bridge for disseminating Chinese culture and fostering friendship between China and Uganda,” the message read.

Prof. Deng Guojun from Xiangtan University - Makerere University's partner in the Confucius Institute delivers his remarks. Celebrating the 10th anniversary of Confucius Institute at Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa and the 20th anniversary of the global Confucius Institutes network, 25th November 2024 in the Main Hall.
Prof. Deng Guojun from Xiangtan University – Makerere University’s partner in the Confucius Institute delivers his remarks.

The foundation highlighted key milestones of the institute, including offering multi-level Chinese language courses, organizing cultural activities such as Voice Into My Heart, and training local teachers to successfully integrate Chinese language education into Uganda’s national system.

Acknowledging Makerere University‘s Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, for his congratulatory video message on the Confucius Institute Day in September, the foundation noted the strong support for the institute from both Ugandan and Chinese stakeholders. “This reflects how both the Chinese and Ugandan sides value and support the cause of the Confucius Institute, for which we express our heartfelt appreciation,” the Secretary General stated.

Expressing optimism for the future, the foundation emphasized its confidence in the institute’s continued success. “It is believed that with the cooperation of our two sides, the Confucius Institute will be able to give full play to its unique advantages and achieve even greater milestones,” the message concluded.

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Jane Anyango

Humanities & Social Sciences

Over 2,000 Attend Makerere’s  Dialogue on Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth

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Some of the attendees that graced the public dialogue on 29th April 2025. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Kampala | Makerere University 29th April 2025

In one of the most intellectually provocative events in recent memory, over 2,000 participants—online and in person gathered at Makerere University on Tuesday for a historic public dialogue titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” The forum, hosted by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS), drew academics, students, researchers, spiritual practitioners, and members of the public to explore issues often considered taboo in formal education.

By 2:00 pm, the College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology’s Conference Hall was filled beyond capacity, forcing latecomers to seek alternative venues or follow the conversation through livestreams. Zoom was capped at 500 users before the official start, while over 1,000 more followed via YouTube. The dialogue extended into the evening, with audiences riveted for more than five hours.

Clash of Paradigms: Philosophy Meets Spiritual Practice

At the heart of the event were two divergent but deeply respected voices: Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo, philosopher, ethicist, and renowned cartoonist, and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, a traditional spiritualist, herbalist, and trained dental surgeon with a PhD in Public Health. Sekagya also studied Law.  

Decolonizing Knowledge and Defending Indigenous Science

Dr. Sekagya, Director of PROMETRA Uganda and a global voice in traditional medicine, provided a nuanced defense of African spirituality and indigenous healing practices. Moving fluently between biomedical terminology and metaphysical concepts, he highlighted the depth and legitimacy of knowledge embedded in African cosmologies.

Dr. Sekagya Yahaya Hills responding to questions during the public dialogue. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Sekagya Yahaya Hills responding to questions during the public dialogue.

Although often judged by his appearance—he wore a spiritual robe during the event—his academic and medical credentials challenged stereotypes about traditional healers.  Many who initially dismissed Sekagya as a “witch” based solely on his attire, were shocked upon hearing of his scientific training.

A Dialogue That Defied Boundaries

Their dialogue dissected the boundaries between indigenous healing systems, spiritual worldviews, modern science, and Western rationalism. The discussion traversed numerous academic and epistemological fields—philosophy, sociology, engineering, religion, psychology, and medicine—emphasizing that complex issues such as truth and healing cannot be understood through isolated disciplines. Both speakers called for an integrative approach to knowledge that includes the arts, humanities, and traditional sciences alongside STEM.

The key take away was that, “Knowledge is not confined to university departments. We need philosophy to understand medicine, and we need spirituality to understand psychology. The human experience is too complex for a single lens.”

Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo: “The More You Know, the More Knowledge Humbles You”

Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo delivered a powerful address on the necessity of openness, intellectual humility, and epistemic justice . He was  gave the  motivation behind hosting the public dialogue interrogating African spirituality, herbal medicine, and the boundaries of science.

Dr. Ssentongo opened with a moment of synchronicity involving the name “Augustine,” moving  into a parable about Saint Augustine and the mystery of divine knowledge. He used this story to underline a key point: that human understanding is always partial, and that true wisdom begins with acknowledging how little we truly know.

“We always want to imagine that we know the world so well,” he said. “But we fail to acknowledge that the world is so complex. There are more things than we can ever know.”

Drawing from Socrates’ declaration—“I know that I don’t know”—Ssentongo urged fellow academics and participants to adopt a humble posture toward knowledge, rejecting the arrogance that comes with narrow-mindedness or disciplinary silos.

He addressed the backlash surrounding the event, including accusations of promoting witchcraft, with sharp critique and clarity:

Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo.

“You don’t have to agree with something to understand it… It’s our unwillingness to engage that empowers ignorance and exploitation—whether in herbal medicine or religion.”

Ssentongo challenged the binary thinking that dominates academia and social discourse, particularly how indigenous knowledge is marginalized through labels like “alternative medicine.”

“That language is not innocent,” he warned. “It has already created the main—the authentic—and the alternative. And we keep building these binaries which are very detrimental to understanding.”

He lamented the politics of knowledge production, pointing out that powerful interests from pharmaceutical companies to religious establishments often dictate what is recognized as legitimate knowledge, thereby stifling critical inquiry into African spiritual and healing practices.

In a moment of warmth and humility, Ssentongo lauded guest speaker Dr. Sekagya for his depth of knowledge and gracious composure, despite being prematurely judged based on appearance:

“We profile people based on what’s already in our minds. When you do that, you build a wall that blocks understanding.”

He closed with gratitude to the organizing teams, university leadership, and the patient audience, reminding all that the session’s six-hour length was testament to the power of curiosity, intellectual freedom, and dialogue.

“The more you know, the more knowledge humbles you,” he said. “And I love humble people—that’s the sign of true education.”

Principal Nkabala Applauds Groundbreaking Dialogue on Truth and Decolonisation

While closing the dialogue, Associate Professor Helen Nambalirwa Nkabala, Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS), reflected on the boldness of the topic, Prof. Nkabala admitted initial concerns over whether enough publicity had been done for such a sensitive conversation. But her concerns quickly gave way to admiration for the depth and courage of the discussions.

The Principal making her closing remarks online. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The Principal making her closing remarks online.

“This is the very reason the college exists,” she said. “We are not afraid of speaking about the things many are afraid to talk about.”

She praised the dialogue for achieving the core mission of the Humanities and Social Sciences: to broaden perspectives, enhance global awareness, and deepen our understanding of human behaviour. With confidence, she noted that all participants—whether in-person or online—had walked away transformed in their thinking.

Prof. Nkabala commended Dr. Sekagya for integrating science with cultural and spiritual frameworks, and Dr. Spire Sentongo for initiating a conversation that challenged binaries and inspired creativity. She mentioned emerging ideas such as “deep green spirituality” and renewed interest in electromagnetics, highlighting how the discussion had sparked innovation beyond the humanities.

“This shows that the conversation we have had has really inspired people—and they are becoming more innovative than they would have wanted,” she remarked.

With gratitude, she acknowledged the CHUSS team, Makerere University management and all participants. Her message was clear: this was not a one-off event, but a starting point in a series of transformative engagements.

“Just watch this space,” she said, promising more impactful dialogues to come.

She then invited Deputy Principal Assoc. Prof. Eric Awich Ochen to offer closing sentiments on behalf of the college, adding a “physical touch” to the collective appreciation for such a powerful and memorable gathering.

One of the Most Impactful Symposiums at Makerere: Deputy Principal Applauds Courageous Dialogue Bridging Humanities and Science

Using a metaphor from astrophysics, Prof. Awich likened human understanding to the work of space telescopes like Hubble, which, despite operating for decades, can only capture a fraction of the vast cosmos.

Assoc. Professor Eric Awich Ochen delivering his remarks. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Assoc. Professor Eric Awich Ochen delivering his remarks.

“Even what the telescope is showing us is less than 1% of what’s out there,” he remarked. “That tells you how little we know—and how much more there is to question, explore, and understand.”

He also offered warm praise to Dr. Sentongo, whose public image as a cartoonist and columnist is matched by a deeply intellectual and humble personal presence. Sentongo, he revealed, is preparing to exhibit new creative work that continues this exploration of truth and identity.

The deputy principal applauded the panelists and especially Dr. Christine Mbabazi Mpyangu, the symposium’s moderator from the Department of Religion and Peace Studies, for guiding the complex conversation with clarity and balance. He described her selection as the “best choice that could ever happen for this symposium.”

Prof. Awich also emphasized how the themes of the day—truth, spirituality, medicine, and the decolonisation of knowledge—are not merely academic curiosities but essential areas of inquiry for understanding African identity, history, and global positioning.

Dr. Christine Mbabazi Mpyangu moderated the discussion. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Christine Mbabazi Mpyangu moderated the discussion.

“This is very good for our students,” he said. “It’s humbling, and it’s intellectually nourishing. I have been deeply moved and educated by this dialogue.”

He closed by inviting all participants to “watch this space” for future dialogues that will continue to push intellectual boundaries and make CHUSS a cornerstone of Makerere’s global thought leadership.

“Thank you again for coming. Whether you were here physically or joined us online, we are grateful. And I promise, this is just the beginning.”

A Bold Dialogue on Truth, Decolonisation, and African Knowledge Systems

Dr. Pamela Khanakwa, Dean of the School of Liberal and Performing Arts at Makerere University, called on scholars, students, and the wider public to embrace African epistemologies, challenge colonial legacies, and confront entrenched biases in the understanding of truth and science.

“Why should we fear these conversations?” Dr. Khanakwa asked. “Our dialogue today seeks to interrogate the little understood and often blurred lines between traditional African spirituality, herbal medicine, and witchcraft.”

The she said formed part of Makerere‘s broader initiative to decolonise education and expand the frontiers of knowledge by re-examining the role and validity of indigenous African practices in modern society and  a reclamation of African intellectual space

Khanakwa’s address was not merely ceremonial; it was a scholarly critique of how colonial regimes distorted African worldviews and knowledge systems, relegating them to the margins of legitimacy.

“What was African—our indigenous knowledge—was labelled barbaric, primitive, demonic, evil,” she said. “Meanwhile, Western belief systems, especially biomedicine, were centralized as the standard of progress and truth.”

Dr. Pamela Khanakwa delivering her speech. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Pamela Khanakwa delivering her speech.

She pointed to laws like Uganda’s Witchcraft Act of 1957 and Zimbabwe’s Witchcraft Suppression Act of 1899 as colonial tools used to criminalize African religious and healing practices, reinforcing the hierarchy between Western science and African spirituality.

These laws, she noted, continue to influence public policy and education, often excluding or diminishing traditional healing and metaphysical systems that millions on the continent continue to rely on.

Blurring the Line Between Science and Spirituality

Dr. Khanakwa challenged the false dichotomy between science and non-science, noting that many African healing practices dismissed as superstition may simply be sciences that remain understudied or misunderstood.

“How about if what we consider witchcraft is actually science which has not yet been unlocked?” she asked, raising the example of traditional bone-setters who reportedly mend fractures remotely—an observation met with nods and murmurs of agreement from the audience.

She also referenced the lingering stigma within academic institutions, sharing a conversation with a colleague in veterinary sciences who was wary of interacting with social scientists because of perceived connections to witchcraft.

“This fear and ridicule are rooted not in reason, but in the colonial devaluation of African knowledge,” Khanakwa explained and  called for critical appraisal, not blind reverence.

While deeply rooted in the cultural reclamation agenda, Khanakwa emphasized that the event was not a platform for blind celebration of all traditional practices. Rather, it was a space for critical epistemic appraisal—an honest, analytical exploration of what constitutes truth, and who gets to define it.

“We are not just here to romanticize indigenous knowledge,” she said. “We are here to examine it rigorously, question the boundaries, and reclaim intellectual agency.”

She framed the dialogue as both an academic and civic responsibility, rooted in the liberal arts tradition of open-minded inquiry and debate- a knowledge without borders

Spire and Sekagya during the conversation. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Spire and Sekagya during the conversation.

In a nod to African communalism, Dr. Khanakwa closed her remarks with an invitation to inclusivity and collective growth:

“In an African house, there is always space for one more. You cannot lock someone out in the rain because you say the house is full.”

The spirit of intellectual hospitality, she argued, must extend to epistemological spaces—where truth is not confined to laboratories or lecture halls in the Global North, but also resides in shrines, herbs, rituals, and oral traditions passed down through generations.

As she welcomed the day’s speakers, Khanakwa reiterated Makerere University’s commitment to being more than an academic institution: a site of African self-discovery, healing, and intellectual sovereignty.

Questioning the Scientific Method and Medical Colonialism

Dickson Kanakulya, Head of the Department of Philosophy at Makerere University, issued a critique of society’s fear of “uncomfortable knowledge” and  positioned Makerere as a courageous leader in pushing intellectual frontiers that others fear to approach.

Makerere is not fearful to explore all aspects of knowledge,” Dr. Kanakulya declared. “That is what has made this institution great—we ask the questions that others are afraid to ask.”

The event—attended by over 2,000 people both in-person and online—was part of a growing series of intellectual forums led by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) that challenge conventional paradigms of science, truth, and African knowledge systems.

Dr. Kanakulya used the platform to interrogate the longstanding hierarchies that have historically labeled indigenous knowledge as superstition or witchcraft. He drew attention to how rituals, symbols, and metaphysical practices in African traditions have been ridiculed, while similar elements in Western religious and scientific institutions are normalized or revered.

“Why is it that when a Pope wears red or conducts elaborate rituals, it’s considered sacred—but when an African elder wears a leopard skin, it’s ‘witchcraft’?” he asked. “What is the psychoanalytic message behind those colors, garments, and rituals?”

Referencing comparative burial rituals—from Vatican ceremonies to the traditional burial of a Omutaka wrapped in over 200 barkclothes—he questioned the global double standards that determine which practices are called ‘holy’ and which are dismissed as irrational.

“We are not just asking religious questions—we are asking epistemological questions: who defines what knowledge is, and who gets excluded?”

Dr. Dickson Kanakulya speaking during the opening session. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Dickson Kanakulya speaking during the opening session.

Perhaps most provocatively, Dr. Kanakulya challenged blind reliance on what he called the “so-called scientific method,” especially in light of the global COVID-19 pandemic.

“COVID-19 raised a very serious question: does the scientific method work?” he asked. “When the pandemic struck, even our most decorated scientists ran and hid. Vaccines were promised, but not available. And yet, African herbal knowledge—like Professor Ogwang’s COVIDEX—saved lives.”

He praised Ogwang’s use of traditional medicinal knowledge passed down by his mother to develop a treatment that gained national certification and public trust during the health crisis, even while being initially discouraged by the scientific establishment.

Kanakulya described this contradiction as “medical colonialism”—a phenomenon where Western institutions continue to control narratives around health, healing, and legitimacy, despite relying on indigenous knowledge for drug development.

“Over 60% of pharmaceutical drugs have roots in traditional herbal medicine. Yet we are told the version made in the lab is superior to the one made by God. Why?”

Echoing themes from thinkers like Descartes, Richard Rorty, and Albert Einstein, Dr. Kanakulya urged attendees to reconsider the very nature of knowledge and reality. He connected traditional African metaphysics to emerging fields like quantum physics, highlighting how both challenge fixed notions of objectivity and material reality.

“Traditional African science believes that molecules and cells are constantly absorbing information—through light, sound, and energy. That’s what quantum mechanics now confirms,” he explained. “When elders say a stone remembers what happened, and science says DNA remains at crime scenes, are we not talking about the same phenomenon through different lenses?”

He raised challenging philosophical comparisons: summoning a person’s spirit in a water basin vs. seeing their face on a smartphone screen. Both, he argued, deal with unseen connections and transmissions of information. So, which one is called witchcraft—and why?

Participants seeking to ask questions after the conversation. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Participants seeking to ask questions after the conversation.

“The question of witchcraft is a question of epistemology. It’s not just a cultural issue; it’s about how we define reality and truth. It is time to decolonize those definitions.”

Kanakulya also connected philosophical inquiry to policy questions, especially the right to health in African constitutions. He noted that 80% of Africans rely on traditional medicine, yet it remains underfunded, un researched, and stigmatized.

“If the right to health is a human right, then herbal medicine must be mainstreamed,” he said. “We cannot continue to rely on knowledge produced in Western laboratories when we have solutions rooted in our own environment and history.”

Citing rising rates of non-communicable diseases among Africans under 30, he warned that Africa’s future is being shaped by pharmaceutical industries and researchers who are not accountable to local communities.

“They have our DNA in labs. They are designing drugs for African genes. That is medical colonialism. And you think you are free because you raise a flag on Independence Day?”

Dr. Kanakulya concluded with a call to embrace philosophy as a tool for critical inquiry and emancipation.

“Philosophy asks the uncomfortable questions. Are you in love or are you dreaming? Are you alive or are you merely existing under illusions passed down to you?”

He urged the academic community to take seriously African forms of knowledge—including metaphysical and spiritual practices—and to move beyond outdated colonial binaries of science vs. superstition.

Dr. Sekagya interacts with attendees after the dialogue. College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS) a historic public dialogue between Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo and Dr. Yahaya Hills Kagali Sekagya, titled “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truth.” 29th April 2025, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Conference Hall, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Sekagya interacts with attendees after the dialogue.

“Witchcraft is not just in shrines. It’s in churches, markets, and technology. The real question is not whether it exists—but how we understand it, and what truths we are afraid to see.”

The remarks set a powerful tone for the evening’s dialogue and reinforced the role of the Department of Philosophy as a leading voice in deconstructing knowledge hierarchies at one of Africa’s oldest universities.

Looking Forward

The event has sparked interest in more dialogues exploring spirituality, healing, and knowledge systems. Students and staff reportedly requested future sessions, including modules on electromagnetics in traditional healing and “deep green spirituality.”

As the sun set on Makerere Hill, the session ended not with closure, but with a challenge—one issued implicitly by every speaker and participant: to keep questioning, keep listening, and to rediscover the wisdom that centuries of erasure have tried to silence.

You can access the Public Dialogue, “Traditional Spirituality, Herbal Medicine, Witchcraft and Questions of Truthon YouTube Video embedded below.

Jane Anyango is the Communication Officer CHUSS

Jane Anyango

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Humanities & Social Sciences

Call For Abstracts: 2025 CHUSS Graduate Symposium

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Students walk into the Arts Quadrangle, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

With funding from Lisa Maskell, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS), Makerere University has held several symposia targeting PhD students and early career scholars of Historical Humanities and Humanistic Social Sciences from Makerere University. The CHUSS 2025 Graduate Symposium is now open to PhD students from Ugandan, regional and PANGeA affiliated universities.

This change in direction is cognisant of the achievements of the Graduate Schools in training the next generation of African scholars in Historical Humanities and Humanistic Social Sciences. The interventions have checked the existential threats that these disciplines faced because of the denigration of higher education, especially the Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines, under the aegis of the International Momentary Fund/World Bank Structural Adjustment Policies of the 1990s. Indeed, the Lisa Maskell grants to the universities of Stellenbosch, Makerere, and Ghana have reversed the crisis within these disciplines and ensured their sustainability on the continent. Nonetheless, an organic networked and viable community of continental Historical Humanities and Humanistic Social Sciences scholars and practitioners graduating from these universities has not been established. Therefore, CHUSS wishes to contribute towards building this community through this inaugural Graduate Symposium.

In this regard, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS), Makerere University, invites PhD fellows from Makerere University including those from Ugandan, regional and PANGeA affiliated universities of Yaoundé, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, Malawi, Stellenbosch, Ghana at Legon and Botswana to the 2025 CHUSS Graduate Symposium. The 2025 Symposium will congregate PhD fellows into an interactive and networking collaboration besides presenting their work in progress and acquiring requisite scholarly/professional skills for 21st century Humanities and Social Sciences academics.

Participation and Submission of Abstracts

The CHUSS Graduate Symposium 2025 hereby calls for 250-word abstracts drawn from the fellows’ work in progress such as research proposals, draft theses or research articles for presentation at Makerere University, Kampala from 19 to 21 June 2025. The Symposium will be preceded by a writing workshop that will be curated by Prof. Grace A. Musila (University of Witwatersrand), Dr Peter Wafula Wekesa (Kenyatta University), Dr Amon Ashaba Mwine (Makerere University) and Dr Isaac Tibasiima (Makerere University). The Symposium will start with a keynote address by Prof. Grace A. Musila on “Life after the PhD: Building and Nourishing Supportive Scholarly Communities and Networks”. It will also include a panel discussion on the challenges of graduate studies and mental health.

Funding

The Symposium is fully supported by a Lisa Maskell grant at Makerere University; therefore, participants from Ugandan, regional and PANGeA affiliated universities will not pay conference fees. However, the participants will have to meet their travel and accommodation costs in Kampala.

The Symposium will be held in-person at Makerere University and fellows who plan to attend should submit their abstracts clearly stating their name, affiliation and contact details to: chusssymposium@mak.ac.ug by Friday May 23, 2025. Contributors will be notified of the decisions on their submissions by Friday June 6, 2025.

For further information and inquiry, please write to:

  1. Dr Edgar Nabutanyi: Symposium Convenor Email: edgar.nabutanyi@mak.ac.ug
  2. Dr Levis Mugumya: Symposium Convenor Email: levis.mugumya@mak.ac.ug
  3. Ms. Esther Namitala: Symposium Administrator Email: namitalaesther@gmail.com

Keynote Speaker

Prof. Grace A. Musila University of the Witwatersrand
Grace A. Musila is an Associate Professor of African Literature at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. She has taught African Literature at the University of Johannesburg, Stellenbosch University and University of the Witwatersrand. Her research focuses on Anglophone African literature and popular culture, primarily in East and Southern Africa. Her work interrogates how settler colonial history of East and Southern Africa and its twin legacies of epistemic injustice and selective apportionment of humanity continue to shape these regions’ formal institutions and socio-political practices.

Jane Anyango

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Humanities & Social Sciences

Special University Entry Examinations for the Diploma in Performing Arts 2025/26

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Students from the Department of Performing Arts and Film entertain guests at the APRC launch. Official launch of Agricultural Policy Research Centre (APRC), College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) by Uganda’s Minister of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries (MAAIF), represented by Mr. Steven Byantwale, the Commissioner for Crop Protection, 24th February 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health Auditorium, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

The Academic Registrar Makerere University invites applications for the Special University Entry Examinations for admission to the Diploma in Performing Arts.

The examination will take place on Saturday 17th May, 2025.

Application process is online for those intending to sit the examination. Kindly note that there is payment of a non-refundable application fee of Shs. 110,000/- excluding bank charges in any (Stanbic Bank Branch, Dfcu Post Bank, UBA and Centenary Bank). The application fee includes 2 Past Papers availed to you on completion of the online process.

TO BE ELIGIBLE TO SIT THE EXAMINATIONS, THE CANDIDATE MUST POSSESS AN O’LEVEL CERTIFICATE (UCE) WITH AT LEAST 5 PASSES.

The deadline for receiving the online applications is Tuesday 13th May 2025.

How to Apply

  • Application is online for ALL applicants.
  • Other relevant information can be obtained from Undergraduate Mature Age Office, Level 5, Room 505, Senate Building, Makerere University or can be acceessed from https://see.mak.ac.ug
  • A non refundable application fee of Shs. 110,000= for Ugandans, East Africans Applicants (Including S. Sudan & DRC) OR US $ 75 or equivalent for international applicants plus bank charges should be paid in any of the banks used by Uganda Revenue Authority.
  • Apply through the application portal https://see.mak.ac.ug

Please see download below for the application portal user guide.

Further inquiries may be sent to email: see@mak.ac.ug

Prof. Mukadasi Buyinza
ACADEMIC REGISTRAR

Mak Editor

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