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Inside Uganda’s National Health Adaptation Plan to Combat Climate Change

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By John Okeya

On August 22, 2024, Uganda made history as the first African nation to launch a National Health Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), fulfilling the country’s global commitments at the UN Conference of Parties (COP) 26 and 28 summits in Glasgow (2021), and Dubai (2023), respectively, in response to the growing global climate change risks and challenges.

The National Health Adaptation Plan 2025-2030, dubbed H-NAP, which was launched by the health ministry yesterday in Kampala, seeks to fortify the country’s healthcare system against the current mounting health challenges driven by climate fluctuations, to safeguard public well-being amid the rising temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and associated health risks.

Officiating the H-NAP launch, Uganda’s Prime Minister, Rt. Hon. Robinah Nabbanja, represented by the third Deputy Prime Minister and Minister without Portfolio, Rt. Hon. Lukia Isanga Nakadama, commended the fruitful collaborative initiative of the government, development, and civil society partners in delivering the Health National Adaptation Plan.

“The government of Uganda has created an enabling policy and legal environment to tackle the climate change challenges,” she noted emphatically, revealing that: “In the Parish Development Model (PDM), we need to integrate climate change interventions. I was recently talking to my people (constituents in Mayuge district) about the PDM programme, I told them; ‘we gave you money and we know you are doing well. They said no, all our crops were washed away by the heavy rains, we did not get anything.’ So, it’s not all that easy.”

Third Deputy Prime Minister and Minister without Portfolio, Rt. Hon. Lukia Isanga Nakadama delivers her remarks at the launch of the H-NAP 2025-2030. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) at the Ministry of Health launch of the National Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), 22nd August 2024, Sheraton Kampala Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Third Deputy Prime Minister and Minister without Portfolio, Rt. Hon. Lukia Isanga Nakadama delivers her remarks at the launch of the H-NAP 2025-2030.

She said the current five-year term National Development Plan (NDP) III which is bound to expire and the new NDP IV underscore climate change as a cross-cutting issue requiring mainstreaming across all sectors, assuring that the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) will coordinate multisectoral engagements for Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) and support awareness raising for the new Health National Adaptation Plan.

“I congratulate the Ministry of Health and all sectoral partners for developing the Health National Adaptation Plan that we are launching today. This Plan is based on evidence from the Climate Change Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment and should provide a systematic guide to building a resilient health system for Uganda,” the Prime Minister observed, urging the different multi-stakeholders to support the implementation of the Plan to harness its full potential in guiding the country’s climate change adaptation action. 

Climate change adaptation, commonly used, means the steps taken to help both natural and human environmental systems adjust to the impacts of climate change, whether those changes are happening now or expected in the future. Such interventions may include actions, policies, and strategies designed to specifically reduce the negative effects of climate change while making the most of any potential benefits that may arise.

On the other hand, climate change refers to the long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mostly caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases (also known as GHGs) into the atmosphere. These changes lead to more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and ecosystem disruptions, impacting everything, from agriculture to human health.

One of the key successes arising out of the two weeks deliberation between 120 world leaders and over 40,000 registered participants, including 22,274 party delegates, 14,124 observers, and 3,886 media representatives at COP26 summit in Glasgow, from Sun, Oct 31, 2021 – Fri, Nov 12, 2021, was the compromise to step up support for climate change adaptation, reflected in the Glasgow Pact calling for the doubling of finance to support developing countries like Uganda in adapting to the adverse weather impacts and build resilient health systems.

A key highlight during the Glasgow negotiations, was the realisation by the global actors of the critical linkage between climate change and health, as the discussions culminated in the consensus that the worsening climate crisis directly threatens global health through increased extreme weather events, the spread of diseases, and the increased strain on healthcare systems, thus necessitating urgent integrated action to protect public health.

Subsequently, nation states committed to developing national climate change health vulnerability and adaptation assessments and the health national adaptation plans, both documents that Uganda has now concluded, to emerge as a regional and global leader in the charge towards adaptation to combat climate change effects and build resilience.

The November 2023 Climate Change Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VAA) for Sound Management of Climate Change-related Health Risks in Uganda and the Health – National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP) 2025- 2030, were conducted through a collaboration led by Uganda’s Ministry of Health, with partners including Rockefeller Foundation, Makerere University, World Health Organization, Ministry of Water and Environment, Amref Health Africa, Reproductive Health Uganda, Pathfinder Uganda, Tree Adoption Uganda, Seed Global Health Uganda, Clinton Health Access Initiative and Regenerate Africa.

Makerere University School of Public Health’s Dr. John Bosco Isunju, who led the teams in the development of both the VAA and H-NAP, was honoured by the Ministry of Health with the 2024 Climate and Health Champions Award during the Health National Adaptation Plan Launch, for his significant contributions to building a climate-resilient health system in Uganda.

MakSPH’s Dr. John Bosco Isunju receives the 2024 Climate and Health Champions Award at the launch of the H-NAP. Looking on is Rt. Hon. Lukia Nakadama, the 3rd Deputy Prime Minister and Dr. Diana Atwine, the PS. Ministry of Health. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) at the Ministry of Health launch of the National Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), 22nd August 2024, Sheraton Kampala Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
MakSPH’s Dr. John Bosco Isunju receives the 2024 Climate and Health Champions Award at the launch of the H-NAP. Looking on is Rt. Hon. Lukia Nakadama, the 3rd Deputy Prime Minister and Dr. Diana Atwine, the PS. Ministry of Health.

The Rockefeller Foundation’s investment played a pivotal role in funding the development of these two strategic documents. Mr. William Asiko, Vice President and head of The Rockefeller Foundation’s Africa Regional Office, emphasised, “Climate change is now the gravest threat to the health and well-being of billions of African people. Initiatives like Uganda’s Health National Adaptation Plan demonstrate how African countries are rising to the challenge by scaling the necessary climate solutions and setting an example for the world.”

William Asiko, The Rockefeller Foundation Vice President for Africa speaking at the launch of the H-NAP by the MoH. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) at the Ministry of Health launch of the National Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), 22nd August 2024, Sheraton Kampala Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
William Asiko, The Rockefeller Foundation Vice President for Africa speaking at the launch of the H-NAP by the MoH.

Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, in his remarks delivered by the University Secretary, Mr. Yusuf Kiranda commended the role played by the partners in the development of the Plan, noting that: “Our academics from the Makerere University School of Public Health played a vital role in leading the Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VAA), which has been instrumental in shaping the development of the H-NAP.”

“This is just one example of Makerere University’s strategic commitment to research, innovation, and capacity-building. We are dedicated to generating evidence and human resources capabilities that guide decision-making and contribute to the development and implementation of climate-resilient strategies in health, agriculture, and other sectors,” the Makerere University Vice Chancellor observed.

He stated that the success of the National Adaptation Plan depends on the strength of our collaborations, which requires concerted efforts of government ministries, health agencies, civil society organisations, the private sector, development partners, and the academic community, as he reiterated University’s commitment to being a key partner in the endeavour.

Yusuf Kiranda, the University Secretary who represented the Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe delivers his remarks. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) at the Ministry of Health launch of the National Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), 22nd August 2024, Sheraton Kampala Hotel, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Yusuf Kiranda, the University Secretary who represented the Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe delivers his remarks.

Today, Uganda, like the rest of the region and the globe, continues to grapple with the adverse effects of climate change. Subsequently, the Health National Adaptation Plan’s overarching goal is to enhance the resilience of Uganda’s health sector against climate-related impacts by incorporating climate adaptation into health strategies and planning, ensuring sustainable and continuous healthcare services during climatic challenges;

“Uganda is already experiencing severe climate change effects, such as floods, droughts, and temperature changes, which contribute to health issues like waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases, malnutrition, and mental health problems.” The H-NAP report reads in part.

Its precursor, the 2023 Climate Change Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VAA) survey, conducted across 716 selected health facilities in Uganda, highlighted the significant risks and challenges that climate change poses to public health.

The Vulnerability Assessment revealed that many healthcare facilities in Uganda are highly vulnerable to climate change-related hazards, due to unpreparedness across several critical components. In terms of energy, healthcare facilities were found to lack secure locations to protect emergency energy sources from hazards, had inadequate coverage for critical service areas, and failed to consistently check alternative energy sources. 

The health workforce was also underprepared, with gaps in participation in climate adaptation plans, insufficient readiness for outdoor work during extreme conditions, and limited capacity to identify and manage health conditions, worsened by climate impacts.

Significant weaknesses were apparent in water, sanitation and hygiene, and healthcare waste management, including inadequate strategies to monitor and reduce water contamination, limited preparedness to prevent vector breeding in facility water systems, and a lack of comprehensive water safety and contingency plans. Post-hazard recovery plans were insufficient, with no safe locations for critical equipment during emergencies, inadequate safety measures for vital supplies, and inconsistent evacuation mechanisms for health workers and patients.

“These findings highlight a need for implementation of climate change adaptation plans and policies, building capacity of the health workers, and strengthening WASH management systems and water safety plans. There’s also a need for improvement of the reliability of energy infrastructure, development of contingency plans and enhancement of infrastructure resilience, evacuation plans, and post-disaster recovery,” the VAA report reads in part.

Today, Uganda has established a robust policy and legal framework to address climate change, including the National Climate Change Policy of 2015, the Climate Change Act of 2021, and the updated Nationally Determined Contribution of 2022. These frameworks aim to transform Uganda into a climate-resilient, low-carbon society by 2050. 

The Uganda National Health Adaptation Plan (H-NAP) aligns with these policies, emphasising the integration of climate change adaptation into health sector plans and policies. 

“A key recommendation to tackle climate change issues in Uganda is the integration of climate services for health. These services involve the provision of climate data, tools, and information tailored to the health sector’s needs, enabling health professionals to better anticipate, prepare for, and respond to climate-related health risks. Climate services for health include forecasting climate variables, monitoring and predicting the spread of climate-sensitive diseases and issuing early warnings for heatwaves and air pollution episodes,” The H-NAP reads in part.

According to the Plan, by integrating these services into health planning and operations, Uganda can enhance its public health resilience against the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the H-NAP proposes a range of short-term and long-term interventions across ten components that include climate-transformative leadership, climate-smart health workforce, integrated risk monitoring, and sustainable financing. 

From the H-NAP, specific actions identified include developing guidelines for mainstreaming climate and health, training health workers, enhancing disease surveillance systems, and revising infrastructure standards for climate-proofing. Also, the plan presents a financing framework to mobilise resources for implementing the identified interventions. This includes developing a comprehensive resource mobilisation plan, increasing national budgets for health and climate change policies, and advocating for health issues in climate funding streams.

Uganda is all too familiar with the harsh realities of climate change, having continuously experienced rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and increasingly severe rainy seasons—each intensifying public health challenges. This National Health Adaptation Plan marks a critical step in the country’s climate action efforts, standing as the first of its kind. It serves as a crucial component of Uganda’s broader strategy to mitigate climate impacts and safeguard public health in the face of growing environmental threats.

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MakSPH METS 2024 Annual Report

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Cover image of the MakSPH METS 2024 Annual Report featuring The U.S. Ambassador to Uganda, H.E. William W. Popp, Minister of Health, Hon. Dr. Jane Ruth Aceng and other officials. Photo: METS. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH), Monitoring and Evaluation Technical Support (METS) Program, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

I am pleased to present our annual report. Throughout the past year, MakSPH-METS Program has remained steadfast in its mission to strengthen Uganda’s capacity for HIV and TB programming through strengthening robust health information systems, surveillance, and quality improvement initiatives.

MakSPH leverages its team of expertise in public health to guide program strategies, strengthen national capacity for data collection, analysis, and use. The innovations developed are solutions for health system challenges and they generate evidence that can be used to inform policy and practice.

MakSPH-METS provides technical support to MoH, RRHs, implementing partners at different health system levels.

Our collaborative approach, working closely with the Government of Uganda and various stakeholders, has enabled us to make significant strides in building sustainable health information systems and improvingthe quality of healthcare delivery. The achievements highlighted in this report reflect our commitment to strengthen health systems through development and implementation of innovative and impactful evidence- based solutions.

As we look to the future, I am confident that the METS Program will continue to play a pivotal role in strengthening Uganda’s health systems through several initiatives.

  1. Operationalising a sustainability plan through transitioning of the developed innovations to the Ministry of Health for ownership.
  2. Disease outbreak management will be strengthened through continued capacity building for emergency response and optimization of existing integrated disease surveillance systems. The field teams will facilitate seamless coordination across health system levels to build sustainable and resilient health systems capable of effectively responding to public health emergencies.
  3. Lastly, we continue to strengthen collaboration with government, enhance coordination with implementing partners and promoting integration of health services.

Our dedicated team of professionals, combined with the unwavering support from our partners and stakeholders, positions us well to address emerging health challenges and advance our nation’s public health goals. The innovative solutions and capacity-building initiatives highlighted in this report demonstrate not only our progress but also our potential for greater impact in the years ahead.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze
Dean – School of Publc Health, Makerere University

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KeyScope Project Job Advert: Junior Research Fellow

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Part of the team at the Makerere University Biomedical Engineering Unit under the Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences (CHS), Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Background

Makerere University Biomedical Engineering Unit under the Department of Physiology is glad to advertise for positions under its new Project ‘KeyScope Project: The Key to Sustainable Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Uganda.”

Laparoscopic surgery is considered as the standard of care for cancer treatment in high-income countries. However, this technology is rarely accessible to LMICs due to the high cost of installment, lack of maintenance personnel, unreliable electricity, and shortage of consumable supplies. To address these concerns, a unique multidisciplinary collaboration between engineers, surgeons, oncologists, and business experts from Duke University, Makerere University, Uganda Cancer Institute and University of Maryland joined efforts to develop a low-cost, durable laparoscopic system (KeySuite) for use in resource- constrained environments.

Our aims are aligned to demonstrating the local capacity to manufacture, acquire local and international regulatory approval, determine clinical performance and distribute/sell the KeyScope to the local market. Specifically, we shall improve the current design and determine the local capacity to manufacture the device, establish the clinical safety and acceptability of the product, and obtain regulatory approval from local and international accredited bodies.

Position: Junior Research Fellow

Reports to: Project Coordinator

Engagement: Full time

Duration: 1 year renewable upon satisfactory performance

Duty Station: Kampala

Roles and responsibilities

As a trainee, a Junior Research Fellow will closely work with a research team to undergo training design, manufacturing and validation of the KeyScope. This is a non-degree/no-credit training opportunity that will prepare the successful candidate for advanced studies and future industry work in an upcoming medical technology sector of Uganda and Africa at large.

Specifically the Fellow will;

  1. Participate in the local construction of the KeyScope through material assessment and selection, developing a product manufacturing plan, and carrying out an impact assessment.
  2. Aid in the establishment of clinical safety and acceptability of the KeyScope through the use of a feasibility study to secure approvals, recruit patients and surgeons.
  3. Contribute to the process of attaining regulatory approval from a certified body for the KeyScope.
  4. Contribute to the development of a commercialization plan under training and mentorship of a Business Developer.
  5. Actively engage in project documentation, questionnaire and ethics protocol development, journal article writing and publication, report writing.
  6. Conduct key informant interviews, administer questionnaires, and verbatim transcription of interview recordings.
  7. Participate in data collection and analysis using digital and paper-based tools.
  8. Participate and contribute to teaching and student mentorship.
  9. Engage with the research partners and stakeholders.
  10. Any other activities as assigned by the Principal Investigator, and Project Coordinator (Immediate Supervisor) from time to time.

Qualifications:

  1. Completed a Bachelor’s Degree in Biomedical Engineering or any closely related field and at least awaiting graduation in not more than 6 months from an accredited University in Uganda.
  2. If completed, candidate must not have graduated more than 1 year ago.
  3. Academic qualifications of having attained or expecting at least expecting a second-class upper division degree.
  4. Experience in Human-Centered Design skills and Design Thinking will be highly considered.
  5. Prior experience in working with international multidisciplinary teams and organizations.
  6. Experience of previous work on laparoscopy is a plus.
  7. Evidence of prior interest for research, design, innovation and medical device manufacturing.
  8. Applicant should have a desire to work with different fabrication techniques.
  9. Ability to multitask and perform duties in learning environment with minimum supervision
  10. Excellent scientific writing skills and a good command of communication skills.

How to Apply:

All suitably qualified and interested candidates should submit a one-page cover letter, one-page writing sample, CV (maximum 3 pages) with relevant certificates, transcripts & two reference letters as a single digitally signed PDF file addressed to the Project PI and emailed to keyscopeu01@gmail.com by 17:00hours on 18th April 2025. Indicate, “KeyScope Project” in the subject line. Those awaiting graduation should send their most recent testimonials. Only shortlisted applicants will be contacted.

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Karolinska’s Department of Global Public Health Admins Visit MakSPH

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Therese Lind, Head of Administration at Karolinska Institutet (KI)’s Department of Global Public Health (3rd Right) with the delegation and staff from MakSPH during the visit on 24th March 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) hosting delegation from Karolinska Institutet (KI) Department of Global Public Health led by Therese Lind, head of administration for a two-day administrative exchange, part of 25 years of a flourishing partnership, 23rd-24th March 2025, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) is honored to host a distinguished delegation from Karolinska Institutet (KI) for a two-day administrative exchange, part of our 25 years of a flourishing partnership between Makerere University (Mak) and Karolinska Institutet.

Fostering Administrative Synergies

The visiting team, led by Therese Lind, head of administration at KI’s Department of Global Public Health, comprising HR specialist Sofia Öhlund-Fingal, Sonia Hammi, project manager, Kseniya Hartvigsson, communications officer CESH, and Anna Hansson, project manager, Grants Office—engaged in:

  • Discussions on research administration and financial management
  • Knowledge sharing on operational challenges and best practices
  • Exploring funding opportunities with major donors

The visit covered grants management, procurement, financial systems, and joint application strategies to enhance efficiency and academic exchanges. The team also toured key university facilities, including the historic Main Building, the state-of-the-art MakSPH auditorium, and the construction site, to witness the institution’s growth.

A Legacy of Collaboration

Since 2000, this partnership, Mak-KI, has yielded:

  • 49 PhD graduates through the Sida-supported doctoral program
  • Reciprocal exchanges benefiting 254 students and 153 faculty members
  • ⁣The Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Health, established during the pandemic

This visit reinforces our commitment to strengthening institutional capacity and driving impactful research. We extend our sincere appreciation to the KI team and look forward to continued collaboration.

Davidson Ndyabahika

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